Sebastian Sittl, Nicolas Helfricht, Georg Papastavrou
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an analytical technique that is increasingly utilized to determine interaction forces on the colloidal and cellular level. Fluidic force microscopy, also called FluidFM, became a vital tool for biomedical applications. FluidFM combines AFM and nanofluidics by means of a microchanneled cantilever that bears an aperture instead of a tip at its end. Thereby, single colloids or cells can be aspirated and immobilized to the cantilever, for example, to determine adhesion forces. To allow for quantitative measurements, the so-called (inverse) optical lever sensitivity (OLS and InvOLS, respectively) must be determined, which is typically done in a separate set of measurements on a hard, non-deformable substrate. Here, we present a different approach that is entirely based on hydrodynamic principles and does make use of the internal microfluidic channel of a FluidFM-cantilever and an external pressure control. Thereby, a contact-free calibration of the (inverse) optical lever sensitivity (InvOLS) becomes possible in under a minute. A quantitative model based on the thrust equation, which is well-known in avionics, and finite element simulations, is provided to describe the deflection of the cantilever as a function of the externally applied pressure. A comparison between the classical and the here-presented hydrodynamic method demonstrates equal accuracy.
{"title":"Contactless calibration of microchanneled AFM cantilevers for fluidic force microscopy","authors":"Sebastian Sittl, Nicolas Helfricht, Georg Papastavrou","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230063","url":null,"abstract":"Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an analytical technique that is increasingly utilized to determine interaction forces on the colloidal and cellular level. Fluidic force microscopy, also called FluidFM, became a vital tool for biomedical applications. FluidFM combines AFM and nanofluidics by means of a microchanneled cantilever that bears an aperture instead of a tip at its end. Thereby, single colloids or cells can be aspirated and immobilized to the cantilever, for example, to determine adhesion forces. To allow for quantitative measurements, the so-called (inverse) optical lever sensitivity (OLS and InvOLS, respectively) must be determined, which is typically done in a separate set of measurements on a hard, non-deformable substrate. Here, we present a different approach that is entirely based on hydrodynamic principles and does make use of the internal microfluidic channel of a FluidFM-cantilever and an external pressure control. Thereby, a contact-free calibration of the (inverse) optical lever sensitivity (InvOLS) becomes possible in under a minute. A quantitative model based on the thrust equation, which is well-known in avionics, and finite element simulations, is provided to describe the deflection of the cantilever as a function of the externally applied pressure. A comparison between the classical and the here-presented hydrodynamic method demonstrates equal accuracy.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial intelligence has shown immense potential in cancer prediction, but existing models cannot estimate prediction uncertainty by themselves. Here, we developed a Bayesian neural network (BNN) model, BNN‐CRC15, for colorectal cancer (CRC) prediction while assessing its reliability. The model was trained on routine laboratory data obtained from 27,911 participants and provided quantified prediction uncertainty, allowing identification of a subset of participants in which the model was confident, mimicking the diagnostic process of human practitioners. Our model exhibited superior performance (area under the curve = 0.918) in the confident participant group, which accounted for 46.4% of the patients, indicating that routine laboratory data alone are sufficient for accurate predictions in this subset. For the non‐confident group, further advanced tests, such as colonoscopy, could be recommended to achieve more accurate predictions. In addition, our model demonstrated superior overall accuracy (0.848) in all patients, outperforming other five traditional algorithms (extreme gradient boosting, support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest, and artificial neural network) and fecal immunochemical test in distinguishing CRC from non‐CRC. These findings suggest that our BNN‐CRC15 model could serve as a valuable tool for improving CRC diagnosis and prevention.
{"title":"A self-evaluated predictive model: A Bayesian neural network approach to colorectal cancer diagnosis","authors":"Jie Guo, Zihao Wu, Yin Jia, Hongwei Cao, Qin Qin, Tingting Sun, Xinru Zhou, Xue Pan, Cheng Hua, Chuanbin Mao, Shanrong Liu","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230050","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence has shown immense potential in cancer prediction, but existing models cannot estimate prediction uncertainty by themselves. Here, we developed a Bayesian neural network (BNN) model, BNN‐CRC15, for colorectal cancer (CRC) prediction while assessing its reliability. The model was trained on routine laboratory data obtained from 27,911 participants and provided quantified prediction uncertainty, allowing identification of a subset of participants in which the model was confident, mimicking the diagnostic process of human practitioners. Our model exhibited superior performance (area under the curve = 0.918) in the confident participant group, which accounted for 46.4% of the patients, indicating that routine laboratory data alone are sufficient for accurate predictions in this subset. For the non‐confident group, further advanced tests, such as colonoscopy, could be recommended to achieve more accurate predictions. In addition, our model demonstrated superior overall accuracy (0.848) in all patients, outperforming other five traditional algorithms (extreme gradient boosting, support vector machine, logistic regression, random forest, and artificial neural network) and fecal immunochemical test in distinguishing CRC from non‐CRC. These findings suggest that our BNN‐CRC15 model could serve as a valuable tool for improving CRC diagnosis and prevention.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taiyu Song, Hui Zhang, Guangling Liu, Yudong Qiu, Huan Wang
Drug therapies are the cornerstone of systemic treatment for pancreatic cancer patients. However, the relative outcome of drug evaluation is often hampered by the complex microenvironment of pancreatic cancer due to the lack of reasonable tumor models. Here, we proposed a novel platform that integrated pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells encapsulated into hydrogel microcapsules for three-dimensional (3D) tumor cultivation and antitumor agent evaluation. These hydrogel microcapsules contain alginate/poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (alginate/PNIPAM) shells and carboxymethyl cellulose cores, which are generated through the microfluidic electrospray technique. The microcapsules have the feature of rapid response to temperature, by which they can regulate the internal pressure environment. Besides, benefiting from good monodispersity, precise size control, and biocompatibility of these microcapsules, these wrapped tumor cells have the capacity for proliferating spontaneously and forming 3D tumor spheroids with good cell viability. We have demonstrated that pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells encapsulated in the composite microcapsules with different PNIPAM concentrations showed different drug sensitivity, which could be ascribed to the influence of external pressures environment. These results indicate that the tumor spheroids coated in these responsive microcapsules have great potential in the analysis of antitumor drug sensitivity.
{"title":"Pancreatic cancer cell line in responsive hydrogel microcapsules for drug evaluation","authors":"Taiyu Song, Hui Zhang, Guangling Liu, Yudong Qiu, Huan Wang","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230048","url":null,"abstract":"Drug therapies are the cornerstone of systemic treatment for pancreatic cancer patients. However, the relative outcome of drug evaluation is often hampered by the complex microenvironment of pancreatic cancer due to the lack of reasonable tumor models. Here, we proposed a novel platform that integrated pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells encapsulated into hydrogel microcapsules for three-dimensional (3D) tumor cultivation and antitumor agent evaluation. These hydrogel microcapsules contain alginate/poly (<i>N</i>-isopropyl acrylamide) (alginate/PNIPAM) shells and carboxymethyl cellulose cores, which are generated through the microfluidic electrospray technique. The microcapsules have the feature of rapid response to temperature, by which they can regulate the internal pressure environment. Besides, benefiting from good monodispersity, precise size control, and biocompatibility of these microcapsules, these wrapped tumor cells have the capacity for proliferating spontaneously and forming 3D tumor spheroids with good cell viability. We have demonstrated that pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells encapsulated in the composite microcapsules with different PNIPAM concentrations showed different drug sensitivity, which could be ascribed to the influence of external pressures environment. These results indicate that the tumor spheroids coated in these responsive microcapsules have great potential in the analysis of antitumor drug sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wanqing Li, Yuqing Qiao, Jiahui Chen, Yinlong Li, Xiaoyu Du, Steven H. Liang, Hualong Fu
Abstract Imidazoline‐2 binding sites (I 2 BS) exhibit specific expression in reactive astrocytes of the brain and are implicated in various pathophysiological processes, including analgesia, inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and glial tumors. However, the lack of available protein structural data poses a challenge in the exploration of I 2 BS functions and pharmacological characterizations, indicating the need for the discovery of selective ligands. As a non‐invasive and translational molecular imaging tool, positron emission tomography (PET) has found wide application in clinical diagnosis and drug discovery. Consequently, several PET ligands have been developed to “visualize” I 2 BS in the living brain, thereby elucidating the biological implications of I 2 BS and facilitating I 2 BS‐directed drug development. This review offers a comprehensive update on I 2 BS PET ligands, with a focus on their chemotypes and PET imaging outcomes. Furthermore, the review provides a summary of recent I 2 BS drug discoveries, which could serve as a catalyst for the development of more potent PET ligands.
{"title":"Visualizing reactive astrocytes: Positron emission tomography imaging ligands for imidazoline‐2 binding sites","authors":"Wanqing Li, Yuqing Qiao, Jiahui Chen, Yinlong Li, Xiaoyu Du, Steven H. Liang, Hualong Fu","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Imidazoline‐2 binding sites (I 2 BS) exhibit specific expression in reactive astrocytes of the brain and are implicated in various pathophysiological processes, including analgesia, inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and glial tumors. However, the lack of available protein structural data poses a challenge in the exploration of I 2 BS functions and pharmacological characterizations, indicating the need for the discovery of selective ligands. As a non‐invasive and translational molecular imaging tool, positron emission tomography (PET) has found wide application in clinical diagnosis and drug discovery. Consequently, several PET ligands have been developed to “visualize” I 2 BS in the living brain, thereby elucidating the biological implications of I 2 BS and facilitating I 2 BS‐directed drug development. This review offers a comprehensive update on I 2 BS PET ligands, with a focus on their chemotypes and PET imaging outcomes. Furthermore, the review provides a summary of recent I 2 BS drug discoveries, which could serve as a catalyst for the development of more potent PET ligands.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":" 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Caffeine and its derivatives can effectively bind amyloid beta 16–22 (Aβ 16–22 ) fragment of amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ 1–42 ), a biomarker for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), by means of conformation selection, π–π stacking, van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonding, so as to achieve high specificity and quantitative detection of Aβ 1–42 . In this study, 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), conductive polymer poly(thiophene‐3‐acetic acid) (PTAA), and pine‐like/Au pine PTAA (pine PTAA) were applied to modify the electrodes, and the non‐enzymatic caffeine was used as specific biorecognition element to study the analytical performance of the electrochemical sensor platform for Aβ 1–42 oligomer (AβO). It was found that caffeine/pine PTAA‐based sensor with large surface area, high active sites, and excellent electrical conductivity demonstrated the widest linear range (10 −8 to 100 nM) and highest sensitivity (743.77 Ω/log nM) in comparison. The prepared caffeine‐based sensor was afterward applied to cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests for real sample analysis, demonstrating its potential for practical use in detecting AβO at the attomolar level. Furthermore, the non‐enzymatic caffeine was constructed on the pine‐like PTAA‐modified screen‐printed electrodes for the rapid detection of AβO using portable meter.
{"title":"Portable non‐enzymatic electrochemical biosensor based on caffeine for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis","authors":"Xindan Zhang, Audrey Wang, Chaojie Wang, Xiaoying Tang, Zhenqi Jiang, Jieling Qin","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Caffeine and its derivatives can effectively bind amyloid beta 16–22 (Aβ 16–22 ) fragment of amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ 1–42 ), a biomarker for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), by means of conformation selection, π–π stacking, van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonding, so as to achieve high specificity and quantitative detection of Aβ 1–42 . In this study, 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), conductive polymer poly(thiophene‐3‐acetic acid) (PTAA), and pine‐like/Au pine PTAA (pine PTAA) were applied to modify the electrodes, and the non‐enzymatic caffeine was used as specific biorecognition element to study the analytical performance of the electrochemical sensor platform for Aβ 1–42 oligomer (AβO). It was found that caffeine/pine PTAA‐based sensor with large surface area, high active sites, and excellent electrical conductivity demonstrated the widest linear range (10 −8 to 100 nM) and highest sensitivity (743.77 Ω/log nM) in comparison. The prepared caffeine‐based sensor was afterward applied to cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests for real sample analysis, demonstrating its potential for practical use in detecting AβO at the attomolar level. Furthermore, the non‐enzymatic caffeine was constructed on the pine‐like PTAA‐modified screen‐printed electrodes for the rapid detection of AβO using portable meter.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Falguni Chandra, Maria Bykova, Vijo Poulose, Paltan Laha, Alina Aktanova, Olga Boeva, Margarita Barkovskaya, Ekaterina Pashkina, Na'il Saleh
Abstract The cellular uptake of drug carriers to the cytosol of a specific cell remains challenging, and a non‐classical supramolecular strategy is motivated. Here, we select a model host–guest complex in which a diamino‐viologen (1,1′‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)‐[4,4′‐bipyridine]−1,1′‐diium dichloride [VG]) fluorescent tag was engulfed by cucurbit[8]uril (CB8) and covalently linked to alginate polysaccharides (alginic acid [ALG]) as the modified drug vehicle. When adsorbed on the ALG surface, the encapsulation of VG was first confirmed utilizing Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods. Solid optical measurements (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and time‐resolved photoluminescence) revealed emissive materials at around 650 nm and that CB8 enhanced the rigidity of the modified hydrogel. The molar composition of 2:1 for the complexation of VG to CB8 on the alginate surface and the thermal stabilities were also confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. CB8 induced a dramatic decrease in the average size of the VGALG polysaccharides from 485 to 165 nm and a turnover in their charge from –19.8 to +14.4 mV. Flow cytometry with inhibitors of various endocytosis pathways was employed to track the cellular uptake across different blood cell types: human T‐cell leukemia 1301 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Noticeably, complexation of VG with the CB8 host on top of the sugar platform dramatically enhanced the internalization into 1301 cells (viz. from 1% to 99%) at a concentration of 1.8 mg/mL via caveolae‐mediated endocytosis because of the size reduction, turnover in the charge from negative to positive, and rigidity induction. These observations reveal a more profound understanding of the macrocyclic effects on drug delivery.
{"title":"Alginate supramolecular hydrogels based on viologen and cucurbit[8]uril: Host‐induced caveolae‐mediated endocytosis to white blood cancer cells","authors":"Falguni Chandra, Maria Bykova, Vijo Poulose, Paltan Laha, Alina Aktanova, Olga Boeva, Margarita Barkovskaya, Ekaterina Pashkina, Na'il Saleh","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The cellular uptake of drug carriers to the cytosol of a specific cell remains challenging, and a non‐classical supramolecular strategy is motivated. Here, we select a model host–guest complex in which a diamino‐viologen (1,1′‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)‐[4,4′‐bipyridine]−1,1′‐diium dichloride [VG]) fluorescent tag was engulfed by cucurbit[8]uril (CB8) and covalently linked to alginate polysaccharides (alginic acid [ALG]) as the modified drug vehicle. When adsorbed on the ALG surface, the encapsulation of VG was first confirmed utilizing Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods. Solid optical measurements (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and time‐resolved photoluminescence) revealed emissive materials at around 650 nm and that CB8 enhanced the rigidity of the modified hydrogel. The molar composition of 2:1 for the complexation of VG to CB8 on the alginate surface and the thermal stabilities were also confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. CB8 induced a dramatic decrease in the average size of the VGALG polysaccharides from 485 to 165 nm and a turnover in their charge from –19.8 to +14.4 mV. Flow cytometry with inhibitors of various endocytosis pathways was employed to track the cellular uptake across different blood cell types: human T‐cell leukemia 1301 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Noticeably, complexation of VG with the CB8 host on top of the sugar platform dramatically enhanced the internalization into 1301 cells (viz. from 1% to 99%) at a concentration of 1.8 mg/mL via caveolae‐mediated endocytosis because of the size reduction, turnover in the charge from negative to positive, and rigidity induction. These observations reveal a more profound understanding of the macrocyclic effects on drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In article number 20230018, Suxuan Liu, Chao Cheng and their co-workers have showed that Ga-FAPI-04 PET imaging sheds new light on cardiovascular diseases combined with gastrointestinal malignancies.
{"title":"Back Cover: Value of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga‐FAPI‐04 PET imaging in acute coronary syndrome complicated by suspected gastrointestinal malignancies (View 5/2023)","authors":"Mingzhen Ying, Qinqin Yang, Xudong Xu, Shengyong Wu, Wei Yin, Siyu Liang, Guixia Pan, Changjing Zuo, Zhifu Guo, Chao Cheng, Suxuan Liu","doi":"10.1002/viw2.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw2.317","url":null,"abstract":"In article number 20230018, Suxuan Liu, Chao Cheng and their co-workers have showed that Ga-FAPI-04 PET imaging sheds new light on cardiovascular diseases combined with gastrointestinal malignancies.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136009276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Dendrimers are a family of nano‐sized three‐dimensional polymers with unique dendritic branching structures and compact spherical geometries. In recent years, dendrimers have made a series of breakthroughs in the biomedical field. In this review, we introduce the synthesis principles, modification methods, and new materials designed based on dendrimers; discuss the importance of cytotoxicity of dendrimers for applications; and elaborate on their applications in the field of molecular assembly and cancer diagnosis and treatment. We speculate that in the near future, more new materials based on dendrimers will be applied in the biomedical field.
{"title":"The application advances of dendrimers in biomedical field","authors":"Longjie Li, Yukai Deng, Yonghui Zeng, Bei Yan, Yulian Deng, Ziyang Zheng, Siqi Li, Yuhang Yang, Jinwei Hao, Xianjin Xiao, Xinyu Wang","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dendrimers are a family of nano‐sized three‐dimensional polymers with unique dendritic branching structures and compact spherical geometries. In recent years, dendrimers have made a series of breakthroughs in the biomedical field. In this review, we introduce the synthesis principles, modification methods, and new materials designed based on dendrimers; discuss the importance of cytotoxicity of dendrimers for applications; and elaborate on their applications in the field of molecular assembly and cancer diagnosis and treatment. We speculate that in the near future, more new materials based on dendrimers will be applied in the biomedical field.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135153890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyi Hu, Runqun Tang, Lin Bai, Songqin Liu, Gaolin Liang, Xianbao Sun
To address the significance and recent breakthroughs of smart CBT-Cys probes for enhanced optical imaging of tumors/other diseases, Gaolin Liang, Xianbao Sun and their co-workers herein propose this mini-review(article number 20220065), in which advances (particularly in recent five years) and potential challenges (or chances) in this field are emphasized.
{"title":"Back Cover: CBT‐Cys click reaction for optical bioimaging in vivo (View 4/2023)","authors":"Xinyi Hu, Runqun Tang, Lin Bai, Songqin Liu, Gaolin Liang, Xianbao Sun","doi":"10.1002/viw2.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw2.310","url":null,"abstract":"To address the significance and recent breakthroughs of smart CBT-Cys probes for enhanced optical imaging of tumors/other diseases, Gaolin Liang, Xianbao Sun and their co-workers herein propose this mini-review(article number 20220065), in which advances (particularly in recent five years) and potential challenges (or chances) in this field are emphasized.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136260832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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