Over the past century, the field of antibody discovery has undergone significant evolution, excluding the current exploration stage of artificial intelligence-based antibody generation and the often overlooked non-animal sourced antibody discovery, which typically requires mature in vitro affinity and the selection of high-quality antigen formulations. This journey has traversed various stages, from methods involving serum-based antibody acquisition, the isolation of B cells capable of perpetual antibody production through hybridoma technology, to the in-depth exploration of genetic material using the phage display system, and the current stage involving diverse single B cell screening techniques. Additionally, the emergence of machine learning has brought impressive scientific and technological breakthroughs across research domains, proving to be a powerful application in the field of antibody discovery. However, each technique comes with its limitations, such as variability and control challenges in serum-based acquisition, lengthy and difficult hybridoma-derived antibody development, potential limitations in sequence and epitope diversity due to immunization biases in phage display techniques, and costly single B cell screening. Protein mass spectrometry sequencing, with shorter acquisition time and lower costs, is seen as a shortcut by diagnostic companies, impacting traditional antibody development. In diagnostic antibody development, methodological differences in downstream assays and the impact of constant regions outside the Fv core are often neglected. This paper deeply analyzes challenges, proposing innovative strategies for the next generation of diagnostic antibody development. Aimed at moving closer to the gold standard of antibody discovery, these strategies enhance the competitiveness of diagnostic reagent products.
在过去的一个世纪中，抗体发现领域经历了重大演变，其中不包括目前基于人工智能的抗体生成探索阶段，以及经常被忽视的非动物来源抗体发现，后者通常需要成熟的体外亲和力和高质量抗原配方的选择。这一历程经历了多个阶段，从基于血清的抗体获取方法，到通过杂交瘤技术分离出能够永久产生抗体的 B 细胞，再到利用噬菌体展示系统对遗传物质进行深入探索，以及目前涉及多种单 B 细胞筛选技术的阶段。此外，机器学习的出现为各研究领域带来了令人印象深刻的科技突破，被证明是抗体发现领域的一项强大应用。然而，每种技术都有其局限性，如基于血清的采集存在变异性和控制挑战、杂交瘤衍生抗体的开发漫长而困难、噬菌体展示技术的免疫偏差可能导致序列和表位多样性的限制，以及单 B 细胞筛选成本高昂。蛋白质质谱测序采集时间短、成本低，被诊断公司视为捷径，对传统抗体开发造成冲击。在诊断性抗体开发过程中，下游检测方法的差异和 Fv 核心外恒定区的影响往往被忽视。本文深入分析了面临的挑战，提出了新一代诊断抗体开发的创新策略。这些策略旨在向抗体发现的黄金标准靠拢，提高诊断试剂产品的竞争力。
{"title":"The challenges and breakthroughs in the development of diagnostic monoclonal antibodies","authors":"Jing Wang, Qitao Song, Tao Yang, Yuanli Li, Lihua Zhang, Jiayan Li, Feifei Liu, Yanyin Lin, Xiaoxia Xu, Yu Heng, Lulai Xu, Shun Zhang, Jiahui Zhou, Yunbo Liu, Lingyuan Kong, Dingbin Tang, Chengdong Ji, Bing Tan, Pu Liao, Nengke Pan, Weijing Yi, Zhanhui Wang","doi":"10.1002/viw.20240017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20240017","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past century, the field of antibody discovery has undergone significant evolution, excluding the current exploration stage of artificial intelligence-based antibody generation and the often overlooked non-animal sourced antibody discovery, which typically requires mature in vitro affinity and the selection of high-quality antigen formulations. This journey has traversed various stages, from methods involving serum-based antibody acquisition, the isolation of B cells capable of perpetual antibody production through hybridoma technology, to the in-depth exploration of genetic material using the phage display system, and the current stage involving diverse single B cell screening techniques. Additionally, the emergence of machine learning has brought impressive scientific and technological breakthroughs across research domains, proving to be a powerful application in the field of antibody discovery. However, each technique comes with its limitations, such as variability and control challenges in serum-based acquisition, lengthy and difficult hybridoma-derived antibody development, potential limitations in sequence and epitope diversity due to immunization biases in phage display techniques, and costly single B cell screening. Protein mass spectrometry sequencing, with shorter acquisition time and lower costs, is seen as a shortcut by diagnostic companies, impacting traditional antibody development. In diagnostic antibody development, methodological differences in downstream assays and the impact of constant regions outside the Fv core are often neglected. This paper deeply analyzes challenges, proposing innovative strategies for the next generation of diagnostic antibody development. Aimed at moving closer to the gold standard of antibody discovery, these strategies enhance the competitiveness of diagnostic reagent products.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity often leads to patient deaths and drug recalls. Interdigitated electrode (IDE)-based cellular impedance detection instrument has been integrated with intelligent algorithms to screen cardiotoxicity based on cardiomyocytes. These intelligent biosensing systems generally employ traditional machine learning methods to assess drug-induced cardiotoxicity by analyzing cardiomyocytes mechanical beating signals. However, modern deep learning methods with robustness and flexibility have not been integrated in IDE-based platform to screen cardiotoxicity. Here, for the first time, we implemented deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyze cardiomyocytes mechanical beating signals for cardiotoxicity assessment. This method can eliminate the feature engineering procedures, such as manual design and extraction of signal features required by traditional machine learning methods. To facilitate two-dimensional (2-D) CNN analysis, we utilized phase space reconstruction to convert one-dimensional beating signals into 2-D image representations as well as take into account nonlinear dynamic information. The phase space reconstruction-assisted convolutional neural network (PSRCNN) is capable of accurately categorizing drug-induced cardiotoxicities and predicting cardiotoxicity levels. It obtains accuracies ranging from 0.82 to 0.99 when recognizing the cardiotoxicity of newly developed drugs, which are represented by drugs that are not used during model training. Furthermore, we explore in depth to compare the performance of CNN with other traditional machine learning methods. The PSRCNN method can achieve higher accuracies when compared to other methods. The PSRCNN-based biosensing platform is highly potential in improving the efficiency and accuracy of high-throughput screening of newly developed drugs for cardiotoxicity during drug discovery.
{"title":"An intelligent biosensing platform using phase space reconstruction-assisted convolutional neural network for drug-induced cardiotoxicity assessment","authors":"Wenjian Yang, Xinyu Guo, Ruochen Wu, Yue Wu, Minzhi Fan, Bihu Lv, Diming Zhang, Zhijing Zhu","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230096","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-induced cardiotoxicity often leads to patient deaths and drug recalls. Interdigitated electrode (IDE)-based cellular impedance detection instrument has been integrated with intelligent algorithms to screen cardiotoxicity based on cardiomyocytes. These intelligent biosensing systems generally employ traditional machine learning methods to assess drug-induced cardiotoxicity by analyzing cardiomyocytes mechanical beating signals. However, modern deep learning methods with robustness and flexibility have not been integrated in IDE-based platform to screen cardiotoxicity. Here, for the first time, we implemented deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyze cardiomyocytes mechanical beating signals for cardiotoxicity assessment. This method can eliminate the feature engineering procedures, such as manual design and extraction of signal features required by traditional machine learning methods. To facilitate two-dimensional (2-D) CNN analysis, we utilized phase space reconstruction to convert one-dimensional beating signals into 2-D image representations as well as take into account nonlinear dynamic information. The phase space reconstruction-assisted convolutional neural network (PSRCNN) is capable of accurately categorizing drug-induced cardiotoxicities and predicting cardiotoxicity levels. It obtains accuracies ranging from 0.82 to 0.99 when recognizing the cardiotoxicity of newly developed drugs, which are represented by drugs that are not used during model training. Furthermore, we explore in depth to compare the performance of CNN with other traditional machine learning methods. The PSRCNN method can achieve higher accuracies when compared to other methods. The PSRCNN-based biosensing platform is highly potential in improving the efficiency and accuracy of high-throughput screening of newly developed drugs for cardiotoxicity during drug discovery.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lili Wang, Fengling Wang, Enqiang Mao, Erzhen Chen, Dayu Chen, Linyu Wang, Yusi Qiu, Xiaolan Bian, Yan Li, Juan He
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis are both life-threatening opportunistic fungal infections. There are only few reports of coinfection by these two fungi in the literature, and Aspergillus fumigatus is the predominant Aspergillus species in the coinfection. We report here the first case of coinfection by Aspergillus terreus and P. jirovecii pneumonia and caspofungin can be an appropriate choice for salvage treatment of the coinfection. A 51-year-old man with a history of immune thrombocytopenia treated with prednisone over 2 months was admitted to emergency intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure and a cavity was found on chest computed tomography. Therefore, his trachea was immediately intubated. The patient was treated with a large spectrum of antibiotic regimen, consisting initially of imipenem/cilastatin, moxifloxacin and fluconazole followed by fluconazole, imipenem/cilastatin, vancomycin, trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and azithromycin. When the polymerase chain reaction analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage sample revealed P. jirovecii and A. terreus, all the antibiotics were stopped except TMP-SMZ, and voriconazole was added. Two weeks later, the patient showed clinical improvement but radiological deterioration. Consequently, caspofungin was started for salvage therapy, then the patient showed gradual clinical improvement. He was discharged with oral voriconazole and TMP-SMZ. The antifungal treatment was continued for 6 months until complete radiological absorption. In conclusion, early bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid should be considered in order to diagnose and treat promptly in those treated with corticosteroids combined with immunocompromised and caspofungin could be an appropriate choice for salvage treatment of coinfection by P. jirovecii and A. terreus.
{"title":"Pulmonary coinfection by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus terreus in an ITP patient after corticosteroid therapy: A case report","authors":"Lili Wang, Fengling Wang, Enqiang Mao, Erzhen Chen, Dayu Chen, Linyu Wang, Yusi Qiu, Xiaolan Bian, Yan Li, Juan He","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230051","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis are both life-threatening opportunistic fungal infections. There are only few reports of coinfection by these two fungi in the literature, and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> is the predominant <i>Aspergillus</i> species in the coinfection. We report here the first case of coinfection by <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> and <i>P. jirovecii</i> pneumonia and caspofungin can be an appropriate choice for salvage treatment of the coinfection. A 51-year-old man with a history of immune thrombocytopenia treated with prednisone over 2 months was admitted to emergency intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure and a cavity was found on chest computed tomography. Therefore, his trachea was immediately intubated. The patient was treated with a large spectrum of antibiotic regimen, consisting initially of imipenem/cilastatin, moxifloxacin and fluconazole followed by fluconazole, imipenem/cilastatin, vancomycin, trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and azithromycin. When the polymerase chain reaction analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage sample revealed <i>P. jirovecii</i> and <i>A. terreus</i>, all the antibiotics were stopped except TMP-SMZ, and voriconazole was added. Two weeks later, the patient showed clinical improvement but radiological deterioration. Consequently, caspofungin was started for salvage therapy, then the patient showed gradual clinical improvement. He was discharged with oral voriconazole and TMP-SMZ. The antifungal treatment was continued for 6 months until complete radiological absorption. In conclusion, early bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid should be considered in order to diagnose and treat promptly in those treated with corticosteroids combined with immunocompromised and caspofungin could be an appropriate choice for salvage treatment of coinfection by <i>P. jirovecii</i> and <i>A. terreus</i>.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minna Xiao, Lin Wang, Qinglai Tang, Qian Yang, Xinming Yang, Gangcai Zhu, Lanjie Lei, Shisheng Li
Despite progression in advanced treatments for malignant tumors, surgery remains the primary treatment intervention, which removes a large portion of firm tumor tissues; however, the postoperative phase poses a possible risk for provincial tumor recurrence and metastasis. Consequently, the prevention of tumor recurrence and metastasis has attracted research attention. In this review, we summarized the postoperative treatment strategies for various tumors from both basic research and clinical perspectives. We delineated the underlying factors contributing to the recurrence of malignant tumors with a substantial prevalence rate, related molecular mechanisms of tumor recurrence post-surgery, and related means of monitoring recurrence and metastasis after surgery. Furthermore, we described relevant therapeutic approaches for postoperative tumor recurrence, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and photodynamic therapy. This review focused on the emerging technologies used for postoperative tumor treatment in recent years in terms of functional classification, including the prevention of postoperative tumor recurrence, functional reconstruction, and monitoring of recurrence. Finally, we discussed the future development and deficiencies of postoperative tumor therapy. To understand postoperative treatment strategies for tumors from clinical treatment and basic research and further guide the research directions for postoperative tumors.
{"title":"Postoperative tumor treatment strategies: From basic research to clinical therapy","authors":"Minna Xiao, Lin Wang, Qinglai Tang, Qian Yang, Xinming Yang, Gangcai Zhu, Lanjie Lei, Shisheng Li","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230117","url":null,"abstract":"Despite progression in advanced treatments for malignant tumors, surgery remains the primary treatment intervention, which removes a large portion of firm tumor tissues; however, the postoperative phase poses a possible risk for provincial tumor recurrence and metastasis. Consequently, the prevention of tumor recurrence and metastasis has attracted research attention. In this review, we summarized the postoperative treatment strategies for various tumors from both basic research and clinical perspectives. We delineated the underlying factors contributing to the recurrence of malignant tumors with a substantial prevalence rate, related molecular mechanisms of tumor recurrence post-surgery, and related means of monitoring recurrence and metastasis after surgery. Furthermore, we described relevant therapeutic approaches for postoperative tumor recurrence, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and photodynamic therapy. This review focused on the emerging technologies used for postoperative tumor treatment in recent years in terms of functional classification, including the prevention of postoperative tumor recurrence, functional reconstruction, and monitoring of recurrence. Finally, we discussed the future development and deficiencies of postoperative tumor therapy. To understand postoperative treatment strategies for tumors from clinical treatment and basic research and further guide the research directions for postoperative tumors.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Testicular microcirculation is closely related to testicular diseases. In article number 20230093, the authors have non-invasively imaged human testicular microcirculation for the first time using ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) with a regular frame-rate clinical ultrasound imaging system. Two distinct testicular vessels with an 81 µm separation were resolved in the testicular vasculature, surpassing all other imaging modalities. With the application of ULM, the authors have found that obstructive infertile patients were characterized by a larger mean vessel diameter and higher vascular density than the non-obstructive infertile patients.
{"title":"Inside Front Cover: Super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy for the non-invasive imaging of human testicular microcirculation and its differential diagnosis role in male infertility (View 2/2024)","authors":"Maoyao Li, Lei Chen, Jipeng Yan, Channa Nalin Jayasena, Zhangshun Liu, Jia Li, Ao Li, Jiang Zhu, Ronghui Wang, Jianchun Li, Chaoxue Zhang, Jingyi Guo, Yuwu Zhao, Chao Feng, Mengxing Tang, Yuanyi Zheng","doi":"10.1002/viw2.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw2.349","url":null,"abstract":"Testicular microcirculation is closely related to testicular diseases. In article number 20230093, the authors have non-invasively imaged human testicular microcirculation for the first time using ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) with a regular frame-rate clinical ultrasound imaging system. Two distinct testicular vessels with an 81 µm separation were resolved in the testicular vasculature, surpassing all other imaging modalities. With the application of ULM, the authors have found that obstructive infertile patients were characterized by a larger mean vessel diameter and higher vascular density than the non-obstructive infertile patients.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"246 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140798330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Sun, Rui Ma, Xin Wang, Shengjie Ma, Wenzhong Li, Tianyi Liu, Wenhao Zhu, Zhengchao Ji, Kenneth S. Hettie, Chunchen Liu, Yongye Liang, Shoujun Zhu
Fluorescent dyes that emit in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000–3000 nm) region have provided significant advances toward real-time and high-resolution imaging of vessel and lymphatic system. However, in vivo NIR-II tracking of the fate of labeled cells still remains challenging. Here, we develop a shielding unit–donor–acceptor–donor–shielding unit (S-D-A-D-S) NIR-II fluorophore (FE-4ZW) with zwitterionic terminal groups for high-efficiency cell labeling without using cell-penetrating peptides, which provides for enhanced non-invasive in vivo determination of the location of cell migration. The tethering terminal sulfoammonium inner salts are featured with its high affinity for cell membranes, thereby enabling the stable labeling even for fixed cells. The fate of transplanted stem cell and the tumor cell migration along lymphatic system in brain or periphery tissues are clearly monitored by the cell-internalized FE-4ZW. We also confirmed that a clinically used surfactant, D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate, can reduce the liver and spleen uptake of FE-4ZW. The fluorophore design strategy and cell-labeling technology reported here open a new realm in the visualization of cell migration and insight into the relocation process, thereby ultimately providing an opportunity to investigate in greater detail of the underlying mechanisms of stem cell therapy and tumor metastasis.
{"title":"A high-performance cell-labeling NIR-II dye for in vivo cell tracking","authors":"Bin Sun, Rui Ma, Xin Wang, Shengjie Ma, Wenzhong Li, Tianyi Liu, Wenhao Zhu, Zhengchao Ji, Kenneth S. Hettie, Chunchen Liu, Yongye Liang, Shoujun Zhu","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230097","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescent dyes that emit in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000–3000 nm) region have provided significant advances toward real-time and high-resolution imaging of vessel and lymphatic system. However, in vivo NIR-II tracking of the fate of labeled cells still remains challenging. Here, we develop a shielding unit–donor–acceptor–donor–shielding unit (S-D-A-D-S) NIR-II fluorophore (FE-4ZW) with zwitterionic terminal groups for high-efficiency cell labeling without using cell-penetrating peptides, which provides for enhanced non-invasive in vivo determination of the location of cell migration. The tethering terminal sulfoammonium inner salts are featured with its high affinity for cell membranes, thereby enabling the stable labeling even for fixed cells. The fate of transplanted stem cell and the tumor cell migration along lymphatic system in brain or periphery tissues are clearly monitored by the cell-internalized FE-4ZW. We also confirmed that a clinically used surfactant, D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate, can reduce the liver and spleen uptake of FE-4ZW. The fluorophore design strategy and cell-labeling technology reported here open a new realm in the visualization of cell migration and insight into the relocation process, thereby ultimately providing an opportunity to investigate in greater detail of the underlying mechanisms of stem cell therapy and tumor metastasis.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Xu, Yujiao Xie, Jie Lin, Aiguo Wu, Tianan Jiang
The application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology in bio-oncology research is increasingly prevalent, particularly in tumor diagnosis and treatment, yielding significant importance. This image of article number 20230070 done by Aiguo Wu, Jie Lin, Tianan Jiang and their co-workers focuses on analyzing and summarizing the latest advancements in SERS technology for early diagnosis and efficacy monitoring of pancreatic cancer, considered to be the “king of cancer”.
{"title":"Inside Front Cover: Advancements in SERS-based biological detection and its application and perspectives in pancreatic cancer (View 1/2024)","authors":"Lei Xu, Yujiao Xie, Jie Lin, Aiguo Wu, Tianan Jiang","doi":"10.1002/viw2.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw2.339","url":null,"abstract":"The application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology in bio-oncology research is increasingly prevalent, particularly in tumor diagnosis and treatment, yielding significant importance. This image of article number 20230070 done by Aiguo Wu, Jie Lin, Tianan Jiang and their co-workers focuses on analyzing and summarizing the latest advancements in SERS technology for early diagnosis and efficacy monitoring of pancreatic cancer, considered to be the “king of cancer”.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Periodontitis development is strongly associated with the succession of the oral microbiome. However, the knowledge about the succession of the oral microbiome in the development of periodontitis remains insufficient. In the present study, an analysis was conducted on the succession of tongue back, the saliva (Sal) microbiome, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from healthy individuals and patients with mild (CPL), moderate (CPM), severe chronic (CPH), and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). The composition and structure of the oral microbiome gradually changed with the increasing severity of periodontitis, among which GCF showed the highest correlation with periodontitis. With an ecological preference, pathogens in the mouth varied with the development of periodontitis. In healthy and CPL patients, Sal-derived microorganisms accounted for a large proportion of GCF but exhibited a decrease in patients with CPM, CPH, and GAgP. Permutation and time course sequencing analysis revealed that a variety of microorganisms changed with the severity of periodontitis. A majority of these microorganisms are closely related to clinical periodontal indices. Ecological analysis suggested that the composition of oral microbial communities at different stages of periodontitis is controlled by random processes. The comparison of microbial interaction networks demonstrated that a series of key microorganisms drive oral health to severe periodontitis. In this study, the relationship between the succession process of the oral microbiota and the development of periodontitis was revealed.
{"title":"Succession of the oral microbiome with the increasing severity of periodontitis","authors":"Jun Mi, Mengfan Zhi, Wenyan Kang, Qianyu Liang, Di Tang, Ting Wang, Wenjing Song, Tianyong Sun, Meihui Li, Jinlong Shao, Shaohua Ge, Qiang Feng","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230118","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontitis development is strongly associated with the succession of the oral microbiome. However, the knowledge about the succession of the oral microbiome in the development of periodontitis remains insufficient. In the present study, an analysis was conducted on the succession of tongue back, the saliva (Sal) microbiome, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from healthy individuals and patients with mild (CPL), moderate (CPM), severe chronic (CPH), and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). The composition and structure of the oral microbiome gradually changed with the increasing severity of periodontitis, among which GCF showed the highest correlation with periodontitis. With an ecological preference, pathogens in the mouth varied with the development of periodontitis. In healthy and CPL patients, Sal-derived microorganisms accounted for a large proportion of GCF but exhibited a decrease in patients with CPM, CPH, and GAgP. Permutation and time course sequencing analysis revealed that a variety of microorganisms changed with the severity of periodontitis. A majority of these microorganisms are closely related to clinical periodontal indices. Ecological analysis suggested that the composition of oral microbial communities at different stages of periodontitis is controlled by random processes. The comparison of microbial interaction networks demonstrated that a series of key microorganisms drive oral health to severe periodontitis. In this study, the relationship between the succession process of the oral microbiota and the development of periodontitis was revealed.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Luo, Binpan Wang, Xiaoqi Tang, Ping Huang, Sha Yang, Shuang Zhao, Shuang Xie, Qiaofeng Li, Kai Chang, Ming Chen
Tumor-derived exosomes are crucial for early non-invasive and accurate tumor diagnosis in clinical diagnostics. The development of highly sensitive, simple, and intuitive exosome assays has sparked a research upsurge in clinical diagnostics. Here, we develop a bio-responsive intelligent DNA hydrogel loaded with CRISPR/Cas12a for universal and ultrasensitive detection of the exosomes. The aptamer serves as the target response unit and switch, competitively disintegrating the region of the DNA linkers and then Cas12a/crRNA was released and activated, resulting in a high fluorescent intensity for exosome detection at the detection limit of 119 particles/μL. Moreover, a constructed colorimetric tube is made by loading a colorimetric filter membrane on the tube lid and intelligent DNA hydrogel on the tube bottom, which enables one-pot portable colorimetric detection. Without the need for laboratory instruments and professionals, this strategy allows for naked eye detection with limit of detection as low as 104 particles/μL, and shows great applicability in distinguishing between healthy individuals, pretreatment patients, and post-treatment patients after obtaining a testable analyte. In this study, an ultrasensitive detection platform for exosomes that enables one-step sensing and dual signal output was introduced. The findings here suggest that this platform is a promising tool for the application of liquid biopsy based on exosomes in clinical diagnosis.
在临床诊断中，肿瘤外泌体对于早期无创、准确的肿瘤诊断至关重要。高灵敏度、简单直观的外泌体检测方法的开发掀起了临床诊断研究的热潮。在这里，我们开发了一种载入 CRISPR/Cas12a 的生物响应式智能 DNA 水凝胶，用于外泌体的通用超灵敏检测。吻合器作为目标响应单元和开关，竞争性地分解 DNA 链接区域，然后释放并激活 Cas12a/crRNA，从而产生高荧光强度，用于外泌体检测，检测限为 119 个颗粒/μL。此外，通过在管盖上加载比色滤膜，在管底上加载智能 DNA 水凝胶，还制作了一个结构化比色管，实现了一次性便携式比色检测。这种策略无需实验室仪器和专业人员，可实现肉眼检测，检测限低至 104 粒子/μL，在获得可检测的分析物后，可用于区分健康人、治疗前病人和治疗后病人，显示出极大的适用性。本研究介绍了一种外泌体超灵敏检测平台，该平台可实现一步感应和双信号输出。研究结果表明，该平台是将基于外泌体的液体活检应用于临床诊断的理想工具。
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In three-dimensional (3D) space, an unbiased and systemic view of human specimens between structures and functions is required. However, conventional histological sections from specimens have made only limited progress in exploring intact information about 3D biological tissues. With significant advances in optical physics and chemical engineering, state-of-the-art tissue-clearing methods can revolutionize the intact subcellular level of human tissue histological analysis, from thick human tissues to intact human organs. The present review summarizes the principle of tissue clearing so that a trainee researcher can implement effective human tissue-clearing protocols. Furthermore, this review highlights existing tissue-clearing methods in specific human tissue applications, describes imaging strategies, and presents various efficient computational approaches for processing and visualizing large image data. Finally, potential future directions for developing tissue-clearing methods for human tissues are also discussed.
{"title":"Tissue clearing and its applications in human tissues: A review","authors":"Hongcheng Mai, Dan Lu","doi":"10.1002/viw.20230046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/viw.20230046","url":null,"abstract":"In three-dimensional (3D) space, an unbiased and systemic view of human specimens between structures and functions is required. However, conventional histological sections from specimens have made only limited progress in exploring intact information about 3D biological tissues. With significant advances in optical physics and chemical engineering, state-of-the-art tissue-clearing methods can revolutionize the intact subcellular level of human tissue histological analysis, from thick human tissues to intact human organs. The present review summarizes the principle of tissue clearing so that a trainee researcher can implement effective human tissue-clearing protocols. Furthermore, this review highlights existing tissue-clearing methods in specific human tissue applications, describes imaging strategies, and presents various efficient computational approaches for processing and visualizing large image data. Finally, potential future directions for developing tissue-clearing methods for human tissues are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":34127,"journal":{"name":"VIEW","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139469117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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