Developments in the Built Environment最新文献_第2页

Integrating 3D geotechnical characterization and Geo-BIM for geohazard assessment in soft ground 结合三维岩土特征和Geo-BIM进行软土地基地质灾害评估

IF 8.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Developments in the Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100863

Han-Saem Kim, Taek-Kyu Chung

This study proposes a decision-making framework for site-specific 3D geotechnical characterization to support Geo-BIM-based design in coastal smart cities. High-density geotechnical survey data and geostatistical modeling are integrated to assess site-specific geohazards, including settlement, liquefaction, and seismic amplification. The workflow incorporates preliminary and detailed surveys, remote sensing, and monitoring strategies tailored to vulnerable zones. Using nanozonation and regional-optimum spatial modeling, a high-resolution 3D ground model with a 5 m × 5 m × 1 m grid is constructed. The framework enables regional site characterization, consolidation-induced settlement prediction, and site response analysis, producing 2D/3D hazard zonation maps for early design support. These outputs are embedded into Geo-BIM applications to guide embankment design, ground improvement planning, and risk mitigation. A case study in a reclaimed coastal area demonstrates the model's utility in visualizing subsurface conditions and informing engineering decisions. The proposed framework facilitates geotechnical digitalization and promotes data-driven decision-making in smart city development and digital construction.

本研究提出了一个针对特定地点的三维岩土特征的决策框架，以支持沿海智慧城市中基于geo - bim的设计。高密度的地质技术调查数据和地质统计模型被整合到评估特定地点的地质灾害，包括沉降、液化和地震放大。该工作流程包括初步和详细的调查、遥感和针对脆弱地区的监测策略。利用纳米分区和区域优化空间建模技术，构建了5 m × 5 m × 1 m网格的高分辨率三维地面模型。该框架可以实现区域站点特征、固结引起的沉降预测和站点响应分析，为早期设计提供2D/3D危险分区图。这些输出嵌入到Geo-BIM应用程序中，以指导路堤设计、地面改善规划和风险缓解。在一个填海海岸地区的案例研究表明，该模型在可视化地下条件和为工程决策提供信息方面的实用性。提出的框架促进岩土工程数字化，促进智慧城市发展和数字化建设中的数据驱动决策。

{"title":"Integrating 3D geotechnical characterization and Geo-BIM for geohazard assessment in soft ground","authors":"Han-Saem Kim, Taek-Kyu Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a decision-making framework for site-specific 3D geotechnical characterization to support Geo-BIM-based design in coastal smart cities. High-density geotechnical survey data and geostatistical modeling are integrated to assess site-specific geohazards, including settlement, liquefaction, and seismic amplification. The workflow incorporates preliminary and detailed surveys, remote sensing, and monitoring strategies tailored to vulnerable zones. Using nanozonation and regional-optimum spatial modeling, a high-resolution 3D ground model with a 5 m × 5 m × 1 m grid is constructed. The framework enables regional site characterization, consolidation-induced settlement prediction, and site response analysis, producing 2D/3D hazard zonation maps for early design support. These outputs are embedded into Geo-BIM applications to guide embankment design, ground improvement planning, and risk mitigation. A case study in a reclaimed coastal area demonstrates the model's utility in visualizing subsurface conditions and informing engineering decisions. The proposed framework facilitates geotechnical digitalization and promotes data-driven decision-making in smart city development and digital construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100863"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adjust setting time and early-age strength of ferrite-rich calcium sulfoaluminate cement through different chemical admixtures 通过不同的化学外加剂调节富铁氧体硫铝酸钙水泥的凝结时间和早期强度

IF 8.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Developments in the Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100864

Guosheng Liao , Zedong Dai , Yishun Liao , Junpeng Mei , Shengwen Tang , Ruben Paul Borg

To regulate the setting behavior and early-age strength of ferrite-rich calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement, this study employed amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) in combination with citric acid (CA) or sodium gluconate (SG). The effects of these retarders on CSA were investigated through assessments of physical and mechanical properties, microscopic characterization, and hydration kinetics. The results show that ATMP improves paste fluidity and significantly prolongs the setting time by extending the hydration induction period. The compressive strength of CSA increased progressively with curing age. XRD analysis revealed that the addition of retarders promoted ettringite formation, thereby contributing to strength development. The highest 28-day compressive strength (48.9 MPa) was achieved when ATMP and SG were used together at a total dosage of 0.3 %. Calorimetry further indicated that increasing the ATMP content delayed the main exothermic peak, with the most pronounced delay observed for the ATMP–SG combination.

为了调节富铁氧体硫铝酸钙（CSA）水泥的凝固行为和早期强度，本研究采用氨基三亚甲基膦酸（ATMP）与柠檬酸（CA）或葡萄糖酸钠（SG）联合使用。通过物理力学性能、微观表征和水化动力学来研究这些缓凝剂对CSA的影响。结果表明：ATMP通过延长水化诱导期，提高膏体流动性，显著延长膏体凝结时间；随着龄期的延长，CSA的抗压强度逐渐增大。XRD分析表明，缓凝剂的加入促进了钙矾石的形成，从而促进了强度的发展。当ATMP和SG的总用量为0.3 %时，达到了最高的28天抗压强度（48.9 MPa）。量热法进一步表明，增加ATMP含量延迟了主放热峰，其中ATMP - sg组合延迟最明显。

{"title":"Adjust setting time and early-age strength of ferrite-rich calcium sulfoaluminate cement through different chemical admixtures","authors":"Guosheng Liao , Zedong Dai , Yishun Liao , Junpeng Mei , Shengwen Tang , Ruben Paul Borg","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To regulate the setting behavior and early-age strength of ferrite-rich calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement, this study employed amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) in combination with citric acid (CA) or sodium gluconate (SG). The effects of these retarders on CSA were investigated through assessments of physical and mechanical properties, microscopic characterization, and hydration kinetics. The results show that ATMP improves paste fluidity and significantly prolongs the setting time by extending the hydration induction period. The compressive strength of CSA increased progressively with curing age. XRD analysis revealed that the addition of retarders promoted ettringite formation, thereby contributing to strength development. The highest 28-day compressive strength (48.9 MPa) was achieved when ATMP and SG were used together at a total dosage of 0.3 %. Calorimetry further indicated that increasing the ATMP content delayed the main exothermic peak, with the most pronounced delay observed for the ATMP–SG combination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100864"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A hybrid finite element method–data-driven model for predicting deep foundation pit deformation 深基坑变形预测的有限元-数据驱动混合模型

IF 8.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Developments in the Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100857

Yifan Lu , Weili Fang , Peter E.D. Love , Guanghui Geng , Jinhua Dong

This paper addresses the following research question: How can a physical FEM model integrate a data-driven model to accurately and efficiently predict deep foundation pit deformation during excavation, while mitigating issues of data scarcity and slow optimization convergence? To answer this question, a hybrid, data-driven finite element method (FEM) was developed to predict the lateral deformation of deep foundation pits. The model comprises: (1) a Finite Element Model (FEM) and a synthetic dataset that integrates numerical simulation results with field monitoring data; (2) a hybrid surrogate model employing Structured Kernel Ridge Regression and Least Squares Boosting (SKRR-LSBOOST); and (3) an Improved Hippopotamus Optimization (IHO) algorithm for optimizing soil-layer parameters. A case study is employed to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of our model. The results demonstrate that the hybrid model achieves an R² value of 0.904 for deformation prediction, outperforming other candidate models. It is suggested that the newly developed model can help site managers identify potential risks in advance and ensure the safety of people and the surrounding environment. Additionally, it enhances decision-making effectiveness during the excavation of deep foundation pits.

本文主要研究的问题是：如何将物理有限元模型与数据驱动模型相结合，准确有效地预测深基坑开挖过程中的变形，同时缓解数据稀缺和优化收敛缓慢的问题？为了解决这一问题，提出了一种数据驱动的混合有限元法（FEM）来预测深基坑的侧向变形。该模型包括：(1)有限元模型和数值模拟结果与现场监测数据相结合的合成数据集；(2)基于结构核岭回归和最小二乘增强的混合代理模型（SKRR-LSBOOST）；(3)改进的河马优化算法（hippo - us Optimization， IHO）优化土层参数。通过实例分析，验证了模型的有效性和可行性。结果表明，混合模型的变形预测R2值为0.904，优于其他候选模型。建议新开发的模型可以帮助现场管理人员提前识别潜在风险，确保人员和周围环境的安全。提高了深基坑开挖决策的有效性。

{"title":"A hybrid finite element method–data-driven model for predicting deep foundation pit deformation","authors":"Yifan Lu , Weili Fang , Peter E.D. Love , Guanghui Geng , Jinhua Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the following research question: How can a physical FEM model integrate a data-driven model to accurately and efficiently predict deep foundation pit deformation during excavation, while mitigating issues of data scarcity and slow optimization convergence? To answer this question, a hybrid, data-driven finite element method (FEM) was developed to predict the lateral deformation of deep foundation pits. The model comprises: (1) a Finite Element Model (FEM) and a synthetic dataset that integrates numerical simulation results with field monitoring data; (2) a hybrid surrogate model employing Structured Kernel Ridge Regression and Least Squares Boosting (SKRR-LSBOOST); and (3) an Improved Hippopotamus Optimization (IHO) algorithm for optimizing soil-layer parameters. A case study is employed to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of our model. The results demonstrate that the hybrid model achieves an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.904 for deformation prediction, outperforming other candidate models. It is suggested that the newly developed model can help site managers identify potential risks in advance and ensure the safety of people and the surrounding environment. Additionally, it enhances decision-making effectiveness during the excavation of deep foundation pits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100857"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical and microstructural regulation of biochar-geopolymer composites from industrial slag wastes 工业废渣中生物炭-地聚合物复合材料的力学和微观结构调控

IF 8.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Developments in the Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100862

Dong-xue Hao , Yu-chen Guo , Rong Chen , Lu Zhou , Yong-ming Han

Eco-friendly geopolymers were prepared by alkali activation of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) using calcium carbide slag (CS), with rice-husk biochar (BC, 0–30 wt%) incorporated as a functional additive. The optimal formulation CS/GGBFS = 15:85 with 1 wt% BC achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 27.3 MPa and a low porosity of 30.14 %. Low BC dosages (≤5 wt%) markedly enhanced early-age and ultimate strength, whereas excessive BC (≥10 wt%) disrupted matrix continuity, increased porosity, and reduced strength. Microstructural analyses confirmed that low BC contents promoted calcium–aluminosilicate–hydrate gel formation through internal curing and nucleation effects, while high BC contents enlarged pores and induced stress concentrations. The strength–porosity relationship followed the Balshin model, indicating a critical porosity of ∼36 % to maintain compressive strength ≥20 MPa. Overall, incorporating 1 wt% BC in a CS15:GGBFS85 system maximizes mechanical performance while enabling the sustainable co-utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes.

以电石渣（CS）为原料，稻壳生物炭（BC, 0-30 wt%）为功能添加剂，碱活化磨粒高炉渣（GGBFS）制备了环保型地聚合物。最佳配方CS/GGBFS = 15:85，BC为1 wt%， 28天抗压强度为27.3 MPa，孔隙率为30.14 %。低剂量的BC（≤5 wt%）显著提高了早期强度和极限强度，而过量的BC（≥10 wt%）破坏了基体的连续性，增加了孔隙率，降低了强度。微观结构分析证实，低BC含量通过内部固化和成核作用促进了钙铝硅酸盐水合物凝胶的形成，而高BC含量则扩大了孔隙并引起应力集中。强度-孔隙度关系遵循Balshin模型，表明维持抗压强度≥20 MPa的临界孔隙度为~ 36 %。总体而言，在CS15:GGBFS85系统中加入1 wt% BC可以最大限度地提高机械性能，同时实现工业和农业废物的可持续共同利用。

{"title":"Mechanical and microstructural regulation of biochar-geopolymer composites from industrial slag wastes","authors":"Dong-xue Hao , Yu-chen Guo , Rong Chen , Lu Zhou , Yong-ming Han","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eco-friendly geopolymers were prepared by alkali activation of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) using calcium carbide slag (CS), with rice-husk biochar (BC, 0–30 wt%) incorporated as a functional additive. The optimal formulation CS/GGBFS = 15:85 with 1 wt% BC achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 27.3 MPa and a low porosity of 30.14 %. Low BC dosages (≤5 wt%) markedly enhanced early-age and ultimate strength, whereas excessive BC (≥10 wt%) disrupted matrix continuity, increased porosity, and reduced strength. Microstructural analyses confirmed that low BC contents promoted calcium–aluminosilicate–hydrate gel formation through internal curing and nucleation effects, while high BC contents enlarged pores and induced stress concentrations. The strength–porosity relationship followed the Balshin model, indicating a critical porosity of ∼36 % to maintain compressive strength ≥20 MPa. Overall, incorporating 1 wt% BC in a CS15:GGBFS85 system maximizes mechanical performance while enabling the sustainable co-utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100862"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimisation of hydraulic lime mortars incorporating an oil-refinery catalyst by-product for sustainable building rehabilitation 含炼油厂催化剂副产品的液压石灰砂浆的优化，用于可持续建筑修复

IF 8.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Developments in the Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100860

Carla Costa , Sandra Nunes

This investigation employs a Central Composite Design-based Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology to develop hydraulic lime mortars incorporating equilibrium catalyst (ECat), a by-product generated at the fluid catalytic cracking unit in oil refineries. The derived mathematical models describe the quantitative effects of key mixing variables, specifically ECat content, water-to-binder ratio and water repellent dosage, as well as their cross-interactions, on mortar properties, namely workability, compressive strength, ultrasound propagation velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity. Numerical optimisation techniques enabled the identification of optimal lime mortar compositions that maximise eco-efficiency while ensuring compliance with both regulatory and technological requirements for diverse masonry applications, including the rehabilitation of ancient buildings. Results confirm the by-product upcyclability of ECat, with feasible incorporation levels up to 56.6 % by mass, yielding mortars with significant potential for reducing the environmental impact of the built environment while advancing the circular economy and fostering technological innovation in the construction sector.

本研究采用基于中心复合设计的实验设计（DoE）方法来开发含有平衡催化剂（ECat）的液压石灰砂浆，ECat是炼油厂流体催化裂化装置产生的副产物。导出的数学模型描述了关键混合变量（特别是ECat含量、水胶比和拒水剂用量）及其相互作用对砂浆性能（即和易性、抗压强度、超声传播速度和动态弹性模量）的定量影响。数值优化技术能够识别最佳石灰砂浆成分，最大限度地提高生态效率，同时确保符合各种砖石应用的法规和技术要求，包括古建筑的修复。结果证实了ECat的副产品可回收性，其可行掺入水平高达56.6% %（质量），生产的砂浆具有显著的潜力，可以减少建筑环境对环境的影响，同时促进循环经济和促进建筑领域的技术创新。

{"title":"Optimisation of hydraulic lime mortars incorporating an oil-refinery catalyst by-product for sustainable building rehabilitation","authors":"Carla Costa , Sandra Nunes","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation employs a Central Composite Design-based Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology to develop hydraulic lime mortars incorporating equilibrium catalyst (ECat), a by-product generated at the fluid catalytic cracking unit in oil refineries. The derived mathematical models describe the quantitative effects of key mixing variables, specifically ECat content, water-to-binder ratio and water repellent dosage, as well as their cross-interactions, on mortar properties, namely workability, compressive strength, ultrasound propagation velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity. Numerical optimisation techniques enabled the identification of optimal lime mortar compositions that maximise eco-efficiency while ensuring compliance with both regulatory and technological requirements for diverse masonry applications, including the rehabilitation of ancient buildings. Results confirm the by-product upcyclability of ECat, with feasible incorporation levels up to 56.6 % by mass, yielding mortars with significant potential for reducing the environmental impact of the built environment while advancing the circular economy and fostering technological innovation in the construction sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100860"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Durability and environmental performance of calcium carbide residue-based materials in improving soft clay 电石渣基材料在软土改良中的耐久性和环保性能

IF 8.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Developments in the Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100851

Panpan Tang, Akbar A. Javadi, Raffaele Vinai

Despite increasing interest in calcium carbide residue (CCR)-based materials for soil stabilisation, the durability, leachability, and environmental impacts of stabilised soils remain insufficiently evaluated for applications. This study conducted wetting-drying cycle tests, tank leaching tests, and life cycle assessment (LCA) on soils stabilised with CCR alone, CCR combined with fly ash (CCR-FA), and alkaline activated CCR-FA. Soils stabilised with CCR lost integrity after two cycles, whereas CCR-FA and activated CCR-FA gained strength over seven cycles. All CCR-based stabilised soils released low concentrations of heavy metals within regulatory limits. CCR-FA effectively reduced the mobility of Cu, Cr, and As, while activated CCR-FA performed better for Pb. LCA results showed lower environmental impacts for CCR-based materials than conventional binders, with CCR-FA being the most sustainable. However, the environmental advantages of CCR and CCR–FA were strongly influenced by waste availability and energy sources. Overall, CCR-based materials demonstrate potential for eco-friendly soil stabilisation.

尽管人们对电石渣（CCR）为基础的土壤稳定材料越来越感兴趣，但稳定土壤的耐久性、淋溶性和环境影响仍然没有得到充分的评估。本研究对单独使用CCR、CCR与粉煤灰复合（CCR- fa）和碱性活化CCR- fa稳定的土壤进行了干湿循环试验、罐淋试验和生命周期评价（LCA）。用CCR稳定的土壤在2个循环后失去完整性，而CCR- fa和活化的CCR- fa在7个循环后强度增加。所有基于ccr的稳定土壤释放出的重金属浓度都在监管范围内。CCR-FA能有效降低Cu、Cr和As的迁移率，而活化后的CCR-FA对Pb的迁移率更好。LCA结果显示，与传统粘合剂相比，ccr基材料对环境的影响更小，其中CCR-FA是最具可持续性的。然而，CCR和CCR - fa的环境优势受到废物可利用性和能源的强烈影响。总的来说，基于ccr的材料展示了生态友好土壤稳定的潜力。

{"title":"Durability and environmental performance of calcium carbide residue-based materials in improving soft clay","authors":"Panpan Tang, Akbar A. Javadi, Raffaele Vinai","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite increasing interest in calcium carbide residue (CCR)-based materials for soil stabilisation, the durability, leachability, and environmental impacts of stabilised soils remain insufficiently evaluated for applications. This study conducted wetting-drying cycle tests, tank leaching tests, and life cycle assessment (LCA) on soils stabilised with CCR alone, CCR combined with fly ash (CCR-FA), and alkaline activated CCR-FA. Soils stabilised with CCR lost integrity after two cycles, whereas CCR-FA and activated CCR-FA gained strength over seven cycles. All CCR-based stabilised soils released low concentrations of heavy metals within regulatory limits. CCR-FA effectively reduced the mobility of Cu, Cr, and As, while activated CCR-FA performed better for Pb. LCA results showed lower environmental impacts for CCR-based materials than conventional binders, with CCR-FA being the most sustainable. However, the environmental advantages of CCR and CCR–FA were strongly influenced by waste availability and energy sources. Overall, CCR-based materials demonstrate potential for eco-friendly soil stabilisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting residents'negative emotional responses at individual level during public emergencies based on LLM 基于LLM的突发公共事件中居民负面情绪反应个体预测

IF 8.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Developments in the Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100850

Shuang Ma , Mo Chen , Yuge Ma , Wanshi Li , Yunmin Chen , Shuangjin Li

Increasingly frequent public emergencies significantly affect residents' emotions. Quickly predicting shifts in residents' negative emotions during emergencies is key to improving response strategies. This study proposes a Qianfan-LLM framework to predict individual-level shifts in negative emotional intensity during emergencies with understandable explanations, using the 2015 Guangming landslide in Shenzhen as a case. The framework integrates multiple inputs: descriptions of public emergencies, residents' pre-event negative emotional intensity, built environment, and socioeconomic features. The fine-tuned Qianfan-LLM achieved 74.63 % accuracy, outperforming traditional models (e.g., logistic regression, random forest) by up to 22.02 %, and two text embedding models Qwen3-Embedding-4B and Linq-Embed-Mistral, by 4.23 % and 4.95 % respectively. By leveraging LLMs, response strategies can shift from reactive to proactive, enabling personalized interventions for emotionally vulnerable residents and facilitating more targeted emergency response plans. This study explores applying LLM for individual-level emotional prediction during public emergencies, providing more accurate and interpretable decision support for emotional intervention strategies.

突发公共事件日益频繁，严重影响居民情绪。在紧急情况下，快速预测居民负面情绪的变化是改善应对策略的关键。本研究以2015年深圳光明滑坡为例，提出了一个Qianfan-LLM框架来预测突发事件中个人层面负面情绪强度的变化，并给出了可理解的解释。该框架整合了多种输入：对突发公共事件的描述、居民在事件发生前的负面情绪强度、建筑环境和社会经济特征。微调后的qian - llm准确率达到74.63 %，比传统模型（如逻辑回归、随机森林）高出22.02 %，比两个文本嵌入模型Qwen3-Embedding-4B和Linq-Embed-Mistral分别高出4.23 %和4.95 %。通过利用法学硕士，应对策略可以从被动转变为主动，为情感脆弱的居民提供个性化干预，并促进更有针对性的应急响应计划。本研究探索将LLM应用于突发公共事件中个体层面的情绪预测，为情绪干预策略提供更准确、可解释的决策支持。

{"title":"Predicting residents'negative emotional responses at individual level during public emergencies based on LLM","authors":"Shuang Ma , Mo Chen , Yuge Ma , Wanshi Li , Yunmin Chen , Shuangjin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasingly frequent public emergencies significantly affect residents' emotions. Quickly predicting shifts in residents' negative emotions during emergencies is key to improving response strategies. This study proposes a Qianfan-LLM framework to predict individual-level shifts in negative emotional intensity during emergencies with understandable explanations, using the 2015 Guangming landslide in Shenzhen as a case. The framework integrates multiple inputs: descriptions of public emergencies, residents' pre-event negative emotional intensity, built environment, and socioeconomic features. The fine-tuned Qianfan-LLM achieved 74.63 % accuracy, outperforming traditional models (e.g., logistic regression, random forest) by up to 22.02 %, and two text embedding models Qwen3-Embedding-4B and Linq-Embed-Mistral, by 4.23 % and 4.95 % respectively. By leveraging LLMs, response strategies can shift from reactive to proactive, enabling personalized interventions for emotionally vulnerable residents and facilitating more targeted emergency response plans. This study explores applying LLM for individual-level emotional prediction during public emergencies, providing more accurate and interpretable decision support for emotional intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100850"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CableScan: Rapid cable force assessment for cable-supported bridges using mobile microwave radar sensing CableScan：利用移动微波雷达传感对索桥进行快速索力评估

IF 8.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Developments in the Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100858

Zhiqiang Shang , Lin Chen , Wenliang Zhang , Md Mehedi Hasan , Limin Sun , Zhufeng Shao

Accurate and efficient measurement of cable forces is critical for the structural health monitoring and maintenance of cable-supported bridges. This study presents CableScan, a novel mobile sensing method that employs microwave radar mounted on a vehicle to rapidly acquire dynamic displacements of bridge cables. The mobile system moves along the bridge deck, for example on the emergency lane, stopping at specified positions to measure the displacement responses of cables within a cable plane before proceeding to the next station, thereby covering all cables of the bridge. A corresponding data processing procedure is provided to extract cable displacements, modal frequencies, and cable forces. In particular, the locally weighted scatterplot smoothing method is applied to remove displacement components resulting from bridge deck and vehicle motion. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, a detailed case study was conducted on an operational cable-stayed bridge. The results confirm the accuracy, efficiency, and practicality of the CableScan system for in-situ cable force assessment, with an average measurement time of less than one minute per cable. Moreover, the measurement data reveal the vibration modes of the entire bridge, highlighting the broad potential of the proposed system for comprehensive bridge inspection.

准确、高效的索力测量对于索桥结构健康监测和维护至关重要。本研究提出了一种新的移动传感方法CableScan，该方法利用安装在车辆上的微波雷达快速获取桥梁电缆的动态位移。移动系统沿桥面移动，例如在应急车道上移动，在指定位置停下来测量电缆平面内电缆的位移响应，然后再移动到下一站，从而覆盖桥的所有电缆。提供了相应的数据处理程序来提取索的位移、模态频率和索的力。特别地，采用局部加权散点图平滑法去除桥面和车辆运动引起的位移分量。为了证明所提出的系统的有效性，对一座运行中的斜拉桥进行了详细的案例研究。结果证实了CableScan系统用于现场电缆力评估的准确性、效率和实用性，平均每根电缆的测量时间不到1分钟。此外，测量数据揭示了整座桥梁的振动模式，突出了所提出的桥梁综合检测系统的广阔潜力。

{"title":"CableScan: Rapid cable force assessment for cable-supported bridges using mobile microwave radar sensing","authors":"Zhiqiang Shang , Lin Chen , Wenliang Zhang , Md Mehedi Hasan , Limin Sun , Zhufeng Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and efficient measurement of cable forces is critical for the structural health monitoring and maintenance of cable-supported bridges. This study presents CableScan, a novel mobile sensing method that employs microwave radar mounted on a vehicle to rapidly acquire dynamic displacements of bridge cables. The mobile system moves along the bridge deck, for example on the emergency lane, stopping at specified positions to measure the displacement responses of cables within a cable plane before proceeding to the next station, thereby covering all cables of the bridge. A corresponding data processing procedure is provided to extract cable displacements, modal frequencies, and cable forces. In particular, the locally weighted scatterplot smoothing method is applied to remove displacement components resulting from bridge deck and vehicle motion. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, a detailed case study was conducted on an operational cable-stayed bridge. The results confirm the accuracy, efficiency, and practicality of the CableScan system for in-situ cable force assessment, with an average measurement time of less than one minute per cable. Moreover, the measurement data reveal the vibration modes of the entire bridge, highlighting the broad potential of the proposed system for comprehensive bridge inspection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100858"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using single sided 1H nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate water absorption and stability of earth-based building materials 利用单面1H核磁共振研究土质建筑材料的吸水性和稳定性

IF 8.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Developments in the Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100855

Florian Soßna , Robert Schulte Holthausen , Jeanette Orlowsky

There is an increasing interest in the use of earth-based building materials to improve the environmental footprint of our built environment. One of the crucial features currently limiting its use is the inferior resistance of the clay binder to water absorption and erosion. Furthermore, there is a lack of meaningful quantitative measurement methods for characterising earthen material as building material.

Here, we study the water absorption into earth-based materials with ¹H single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance. Samples are prepared using an elaborate extrusion process and preconditioned under several typical moisture conditions. We demonstrate the use of the ¹H NMR technique to visualize the water absorption and to quantify the capillary water absorption. The latter increases with a more water-reducing preconditioning. Furthermore, the technique allows for the visualisation of the internal swelling of the clay binder, illustrating the strong influence of sample preconditioning.

人们对使用土基建筑材料来改善建筑环境的环境足迹越来越感兴趣。目前限制其使用的关键特征之一是粘土粘结剂的抗吸水和抗侵蚀能力较差。此外，还缺乏有意义的定量测量方法来表征土材料作为建筑材料。本文采用1H单面核磁共振技术研究了土基材料的吸水特性。样品是用精密的挤压工艺制备的，并在几种典型的水分条件下进行预处理。我们演示了使用1H NMR技术来可视化吸水率并量化毛细管吸水率。后者随着预处理的减少而增加。此外，该技术允许可视化粘土粘结剂的内部膨胀，说明样品预处理的强烈影响。

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of freeze-thaw damage of partially saturated concrete with shrinkage-induced initial damage: Using in-situ CT technique 含收缩初始损伤的部分饱和混凝土冻融损伤评价——基于原位CT技术

IF 8.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Developments in the Built Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100859

Yanchun Miao , Yanjing Zhang , Xiaobin Dong , Taotao Feng , Zhiqiang Yang , Junlin Lin , Yali Li , Jinyang Jiang , Zeyu Lu

The western plateau of China is marked by low relative humidity (RH) and experiences over 80 freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) annually. This low RH contributes to shrinkage-induced initial damage in concrete structures before they enter service. However, the effect of such early deterioration on freeze-thaw damage behavior of partially saturated concrete remains unexplored. To address above challenges, concrete with/out shrinkage-induced initial damage was prepared through standard curing (95 ± 5 % RH) and dry curing (40 ± 5 % RH) followed by adjusting saturation levels. The tests of macroscopic mechanical properties indicate that the degradation of both residual compressive strength and relative dynamic elastic modulus in sealed specimens after 400 FTCs is less than that of unsealed ones after 100 FTCs. Furthermore, the micro/meso-scale defects of the specimens over increasing FTCs were explored based on in-situ X-ray computed tomography (CT), and average relative spalling amount was newly proposed to assess the freeze-thaw damage. The results showed that the average relative spalling amount of the unsealed concrete with initial damage was 4.4 % higher than that of specimens lacked such damage after 100 FTCs. Notably, sealed specimens with a saturation ≥86.6 % also exhibited a similar trend. The newly developed damage prediction model incorporating the number of FTCs, curing humidity, and saturation level well predicted the freeze-thaw damage of specimen after FTCs, demonstrating a relative error less than 6.7 %. This study aims to pave a theoretical basis for the freeze-resistant design of concrete construction in cold regions with low RH.

中国西部高原相对湿度低，每年经历80多次冻融循环（FTCs）。这种低相对湿度导致混凝土结构在投入使用之前发生收缩引起的初始损伤。然而，这种早期劣化对部分饱和混凝土冻融破坏行为的影响尚不清楚。为解决上述问题，通过标准养护（95 ± 5 % RH）和干养护（40 ± 5 % RH），并调整饱和水平，制备出具有收缩性初始损伤的混凝土。宏观力学性能试验表明，密封试样经过400次FTCs后，其残余抗压强度和相对动弹性模量的退化程度小于未密封试样经过100次FTCs后的退化程度。在此基础上，基于原位x射线计算机断层扫描（CT）研究了试件在增加FTCs时的微/细观缺陷，并提出了平均相对剥落量作为冻融损伤的评价指标。结果表明：100次FTCs后，有初始损伤的未密封混凝土的平均相对剥落量比无初始损伤的混凝土平均相对剥落量高4.4 %；饱和度≥86.6 %的密封试样也表现出类似的趋势。结合冻融层数、龄期湿度和饱和度的冻融损伤预测模型能够较好地预测冻融层后试件的冻融损伤，相对误差小于6.7 %。本研究旨在为低相对湿度寒冷地区混凝土结构的抗冻设计提供理论依据。

{"title":"Evaluation of freeze-thaw damage of partially saturated concrete with shrinkage-induced initial damage: Using in-situ CT technique","authors":"Yanchun Miao , Yanjing Zhang , Xiaobin Dong , Taotao Feng , Zhiqiang Yang , Junlin Lin , Yali Li , Jinyang Jiang , Zeyu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The western plateau of China is marked by low relative humidity (RH) and experiences over 80 freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) annually. This low RH contributes to shrinkage-induced initial damage in concrete structures before they enter service. However, the effect of such early deterioration on freeze-thaw damage behavior of partially saturated concrete remains unexplored. To address above challenges, concrete with/out shrinkage-induced initial damage was prepared through standard curing (95 ± 5 % RH) and dry curing (40 ± 5 % RH) followed by adjusting saturation levels. The tests of macroscopic mechanical properties indicate that the degradation of both residual compressive strength and relative dynamic elastic modulus in sealed specimens after 400 FTCs is less than that of unsealed ones after 100 FTCs. Furthermore, the micro/meso-scale defects of the specimens over increasing FTCs were explored based on in-situ X-ray computed tomography (CT), and average relative spalling amount was newly proposed to assess the freeze-thaw damage. The results showed that the average relative spalling amount of the unsealed concrete with initial damage was 4.4 % higher than that of specimens lacked such damage after 100 FTCs. Notably, sealed specimens with a saturation ≥86.6 % also exhibited a similar trend. The newly developed damage prediction model incorporating the number of FTCs, curing humidity, and saturation level well predicted the freeze-thaw damage of specimen after FTCs, demonstrating a relative error less than 6.7 %. This study aims to pave a theoretical basis for the freeze-resistant design of concrete construction in cold regions with low RH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100859"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0