Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100825
Su Changwang , Shan Changxi , Hu Shaowei , Pan Fuqu , Zheng Zhichao , Ye Yuxiao , Zhang Haifen
Leakage detection and diagnosis of water supply pipe are crucial for ensuring urban water safety and reducing waste of water resources. Nowadays, pipe leakage is mainly detected using single-modal information (such as images, sound, etc.) combined with various numerical models or algorithms. However, there are many factors that affect pipe leakage in real environment. It is difficult for single-modal data to reflect the true information of pipe leakage accurately, and the collected data often have the problem of asymmetric information or partial missing. To address these challenges, an improved heterogeneous graph neural network model (p-HTGNN) with multi-modal information fusion is proposed, and the leakage monitoring experiment of the water supply pipe is carried out. The experimental and analytical results show that p-HTGNN achieves an F-score of 88.5 % for the classification of leakage defects and an F-score of 86.5 % for the diagnosis of leakage risk level. The recognition accuracy for different features all exceeds 95 %, with overall performance superior to other traditional detection algorithms. This work provides a novel method for accurately reflecting the actual situation of water supply pipe leakage and for carrying out leakage diagnosis intelligently and efficiently.
{"title":"Intelligent diagnosis of water supply pipe leakage based on multi-modal information fusion and improved heterogeneous temporal graph neural network","authors":"Su Changwang , Shan Changxi , Hu Shaowei , Pan Fuqu , Zheng Zhichao , Ye Yuxiao , Zhang Haifen","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leakage detection and diagnosis of water supply pipe are crucial for ensuring urban water safety and reducing waste of water resources. Nowadays, pipe leakage is mainly detected using single-modal information (such as images, sound, etc.) combined with various numerical models or algorithms. However, there are many factors that affect pipe leakage in real environment. It is difficult for single-modal data to reflect the true information of pipe leakage accurately, and the collected data often have the problem of asymmetric information or partial missing. To address these challenges, an improved heterogeneous graph neural network model (p-HTGNN) with multi-modal information fusion is proposed, and the leakage monitoring experiment of the water supply pipe is carried out. The experimental and analytical results show that p-HTGNN achieves an F-score of 88.5 % for the classification of leakage defects and an F-score of 86.5 % for the diagnosis of leakage risk level. The recognition accuracy for different features all exceeds 95 %, with overall performance superior to other traditional detection algorithms. This work provides a novel method for accurately reflecting the actual situation of water supply pipe leakage and for carrying out leakage diagnosis intelligently and efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100825"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100815
Haoze Chen , Libo Yan , Junaid Ajaz Dand
Timber construction offers significant environmental advantages, and the recent rise of timber buildings, culminating in record-setting high-rises, demonstrates a growing trend toward tall timber structures. However, the low self-weight of timber material makes high-rise timber buildings particularly vulnerable to wind-induced vibrations, which often governs design. Compounding this challenge, the principal design codes and criteria do not offer comprehensive, specific provisions for combined wind-vibration effects from the perspective of timber building. This study aims to 1) evaluate design of timber buildings against wind-induced vibration to provide practical guidance, 2) catalogs current serviceability criteria (i.e. ISO 10137, ISO 6897, AIJ-Guidelines, NBCC-Guidelines, ASCE 7–22, AS/NZS 1170.0 and 1170.2, Eurocode 5) for wind-generated accelerations and displacements of buildings, 3) identify gaps of wind-induced vibration design methods outlined in leading international codes (i.e. Eurocode 1–4, ASCE 7–22, AIJ-RBL, NBCC, AS/NZS 1170.2) from regions actively engaged in timber construction, and 4) analyze the wind-design strategies employed in five completed high-rise timber building projects. Results show that current code methods are constrained by simplified assumptions with strict requirement on building dimensions and profile, lacking timber-specific parameters, e.g. damping and natural frequency. Existing codes do not yet provide sufficiently comprehensive methods for evaluating combined vibration effects, and most realized projects have only partially considered the serviceability requirements, which, although, are not mandatory in current design practice. By integrating these criteria, highlighting the limitations of existing codes, and drawing lessons from existing tall timber structures, this study offers clear guidance for engineers seeking to evaluate and mitigate wind-induced vibrations of timber buildings, thereby supporting the reliable design of future high-rise timber buildings.
{"title":"High-rise timber buildings against wind-induced vibration: A comprehensive study on design criteria, design codes and design cases","authors":"Haoze Chen , Libo Yan , Junaid Ajaz Dand","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Timber construction offers significant environmental advantages, and the recent rise of timber buildings, culminating in record-setting high-rises, demonstrates a growing trend toward tall timber structures. However, the low self-weight of timber material makes high-rise timber buildings particularly vulnerable to wind-induced vibrations, which often governs design. Compounding this challenge, the principal design codes and criteria do not offer comprehensive, specific provisions for combined wind-vibration effects from the perspective of timber building. This study aims to 1) evaluate design of timber buildings against wind-induced vibration to provide practical guidance, 2) catalogs current serviceability criteria (i.e. ISO 10137, ISO 6897, AIJ-Guidelines, NBCC-Guidelines, ASCE 7–22, AS/NZS 1170.0 and 1170.2, Eurocode 5) for wind-generated accelerations and displacements of buildings, 3) identify gaps of wind-induced vibration design methods outlined in leading international codes (i.e. Eurocode 1–4, ASCE 7–22, AIJ-RBL, NBCC, AS/NZS 1170.2) from regions actively engaged in timber construction, and 4) analyze the wind-design strategies employed in five completed high-rise timber building projects. Results show that current code methods are constrained by simplified assumptions with strict requirement on building dimensions and profile, lacking timber-specific parameters, e.g. damping and natural frequency. Existing codes do not yet provide sufficiently comprehensive methods for evaluating combined vibration effects, and most realized projects have only partially considered the serviceability requirements, which, although, are not mandatory in current design practice. By integrating these criteria, highlighting the limitations of existing codes, and drawing lessons from existing tall timber structures, this study offers clear guidance for engineers seeking to evaluate and mitigate wind-induced vibrations of timber buildings, thereby supporting the reliable design of future high-rise timber buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100815"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100886
Obaidurrahman Safi, Elhem Ghorbel
Effectively segmenting firmly bonded composite NHCDW particles remains an unresolved challenge, as conventional sorting methods fail to separate these complex materials. To address this issue, this study proposes an intelligent approach for identifying and segmenting bonded NHCDW gravel (mortar-brick) using advanced You Only Look Once deep learning models. The models were trained for 100 epochs on two independently annotated gravel datasets: one containing individual gravel classes and another comprising composite mortar-brick gravel. Results show YOLOv11 outperforming YOLOv8 across both datasets, achieving box and mask mAP50 scores of 0.846/0.811 and 0.965/0.965, respectively, compared to YOLOv8's 0.835/0.815 and 0.964/0.963. Corresponding F1-scores of 0.824/0.793 on the first and 0.950/0.965 on the second dataset further highlight YOLOv11's superior precision, recall, and accurate surface fractions.
This research is conducted within the framework of the EU Horizon MOBICCON-PRO project, which highlights the potential of artificial intelligence to enhance CDW recycling in circular economy strategies.
有效分割牢固结合的复合NHCDW颗粒仍然是一个未解决的挑战，因为传统的分选方法无法分离这些复杂的材料。为了解决这个问题，本研究提出了一种智能方法，使用先进的You Only Look Once深度学习模型来识别和分割粘结的NHCDW砾石（砂浆砖）。模型在两个独立注释的砾石数据集上进行了100次的训练：一个包含单个砾石类别，另一个包含砂浆-砖复合砾石。结果显示，YOLOv11在两个数据集上的表现都优于YOLOv8，分别达到了0.846/0.811和0.965/0.965，而YOLOv8的得分分别为0.835/0.815和0.964/0.963。在第一个数据集上对应的f1得分为0.824/0.793，在第二个数据集上对应的f1得分为0.950/0.965，进一步突出了YOLOv11在精度、召回率和准确表面分数方面的优势。这项研究是在欧盟地平线MOBICCON-PRO项目的框架内进行的，该项目强调了人工智能在循环经济战略中加强CDW回收的潜力。
{"title":"Advancing construction waste recycling through deep learning-based segmentation of Non-Hazardous CDW gravel","authors":"Obaidurrahman Safi, Elhem Ghorbel","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effectively segmenting firmly bonded composite NHCDW particles remains an unresolved challenge, as conventional sorting methods fail to separate these complex materials. To address this issue, this study proposes an intelligent approach for identifying and segmenting bonded NHCDW gravel (mortar-brick) using advanced You Only Look Once deep learning models. The models were trained for 100 epochs on two independently annotated gravel datasets: one containing individual gravel classes and another comprising composite mortar-brick gravel. Results show YOLOv11 outperforming YOLOv8 across both datasets, achieving box and mask mAP50 scores of 0.846/0.811 and 0.965/0.965, respectively, compared to YOLOv8's 0.835/0.815 and 0.964/0.963. Corresponding F1-scores of 0.824/0.793 on the first and 0.950/0.965 on the second dataset further highlight YOLOv11's superior precision, recall, and accurate surface fractions.</div><div>This research is conducted within the framework of the EU Horizon MOBICCON-PRO project, which highlights the potential of artificial intelligence to enhance CDW recycling in circular economy strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100886"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100881
Hu Jun , Huang Long , Yang Longcheng , Tang Zhihai , You Lei , Wei Juan , Liu Renxuan
In order to effectively describe the interaction between individuals in the team during the evacuation process, this paper introduces a spring force into the social force model to characterize the elastic and attractive force effects generated by team members. At the same time, an objective optimization function is established by combining the traffic capacity and the congestion degree at the exit, and the sparrow population algorithm is used to solve the objective function. By comparing and analyzing the performance of traditional and optimized models through the constructed simulation platform, the impact of team effect on crowd movement state is further studied. The experimental results show that the improved team evacuation model based on the social force model can effectively balance the congestion degree of the bottleneck area and avoid the prolonged evacuation time caused by the large crowd density in the bottleneck area under the condition of restoring the general law of crowd evacuation. Compared with the real evacuation and simulation results, the optimization model is closer to the real evacuation. Therefore, the optimization model can effectively describe the familiar factors between individuals in the case of steady-state evacuation, and provides a new idea for solving the problem that the social force model is difficult to describe the clustering effect.
{"title":"A crowd team evacuation model considering spring effect","authors":"Hu Jun , Huang Long , Yang Longcheng , Tang Zhihai , You Lei , Wei Juan , Liu Renxuan","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to effectively describe the interaction between individuals in the team during the evacuation process, this paper introduces a spring force into the social force model to characterize the elastic and attractive force effects generated by team members. At the same time, an objective optimization function is established by combining the traffic capacity and the congestion degree at the exit, and the sparrow population algorithm is used to solve the objective function. By comparing and analyzing the performance of traditional and optimized models through the constructed simulation platform, the impact of team effect on crowd movement state is further studied. The experimental results show that the improved team evacuation model based on the social force model can effectively balance the congestion degree of the bottleneck area and avoid the prolonged evacuation time caused by the large crowd density in the bottleneck area under the condition of restoring the general law of crowd evacuation. Compared with the real evacuation and simulation results, the optimization model is closer to the real evacuation. Therefore, the optimization model can effectively describe the familiar factors between individuals in the case of steady-state evacuation, and provides a new idea for solving the problem that the social force model is difficult to describe the clustering effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100881"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wayfinding difficulties, such as disorientation, remain persistent challenges in complex indoor and underground environments. Well-designed guide sign layouts offer an effective and cost-efficient solution. This study introduces a vision-driven pedestrian agent model, VD25, developed to quantitatively evaluate sign layouts in three-dimensional (3D) spaces. The model incorporates a refined sign detection mechanism applying visual catchment contour and simulates wayfinding behaviors on 3D walkable surface by switching between free-exploratory and sign-following movements. Validation using a multi-level metro station environment with a walking distance of approximately 100 m, shows strong correlations between sign read rates and those measured in virtual reality and real-space experiments (correlation coefficients of 0.899 and 0.814, respectively). The model also shows good agreement in walking distance and path selection. Moreover, simulations using alternative sign layouts and sensitivity analyses across diverse pedestrian populations highlight the VD25 model's potential to assist architects and facility managers in improve guide sign designs.
{"title":"Wayfinding simulation based on virtual reality experiment data: Evaluating guide sign layout in underground space","authors":"Shuqi Hao , Yuanyuan Liu , Toshiyuki Kaneda , Koichi Moriyama","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wayfinding difficulties, such as disorientation, remain persistent challenges in complex indoor and underground environments. Well-designed guide sign layouts offer an effective and cost-efficient solution. This study introduces a vision-driven pedestrian agent model, VD25, developed to quantitatively evaluate sign layouts in three-dimensional (3D) spaces. The model incorporates a refined sign detection mechanism applying visual catchment contour and simulates wayfinding behaviors on 3D walkable surface by switching between free-exploratory and sign-following movements. Validation using a multi-level metro station environment with a walking distance of approximately 100 m, shows strong correlations between sign read rates and those measured in virtual reality and real-space experiments (correlation coefficients of 0.899 and 0.814, respectively). The model also shows good agreement in walking distance and path selection. Moreover, simulations using alternative sign layouts and sensitivity analyses across diverse pedestrian populations highlight the VD25 model's potential to assist architects and facility managers in improve guide sign designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100856
Abiza Yaakoub, Saleh Hayat, Ferroukhi Mohammed Yacine, Mesticou Zyed, Kacem Mariem, Si Larbi Amir
This study focuses on the valorization of fines from aggregate washing (AWF), an industrial residue with a high clay mineral content, as a pozzolanic alternative to additions in cementitious binders. The Fines, were subjected to thermal activation at 750 °C to induce a change in their crystalline structure towards reactive amorphous phases. Chemical and mineralogical analyses revealed a composition rich in silica, alumina and clay minerals such as smectite, illite and kaolinite, indicating strong pozzolanic potential. The suitability of this heat treatment was supported by thermogravimetric criteria, including a loss on ignition of 9.38 % and a dehydroxylation peak observed at 477 °C. Following calcination, the samples showed a reduction in specific surface area and changes in particle size, reflecting the effects of internal thermal transformations. Pozzolanic activity was evaluated through mechanical tests in compliance with NF EN 450-1 and EN 196-1 standards revealing encouraging results, particularly for cement substitution rates of between 10 % and 20 %. Compressive strength measurements and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed effective portlandite consumption in formulations containing calcined, confirming their reactivity. Finally, their incorporation into concrete formulations using the Dreux-Gorisse method has enabled a partial reduction in cement without significantly altering mechanical performance, thus supporting a sustainable approach combining waste recycling and a reduction in concrete's carbon footprint.
本研究的重点是集料洗涤（AWF）细粉的增值，这是一种具有高粘土矿物含量的工业残留物，作为胶凝粘合剂中添加物的火山灰替代品。在750 °C下进行热活化，诱导其晶体结构向反应性非晶相转变。化学和矿物学分析显示，其成分中含有丰富的二氧化硅、氧化铝和粘土矿物，如蒙脱石、伊利石和高岭石，表明其具有很强的火山灰潜力。热重标准支持了这种热处理的适用性，包括9.38 %的着火损失和在477 °C时观察到的去羟基化峰。煅烧后，样品的比表面积减小，颗粒大小发生变化，反映了内部热转化的影响。通过符合NF EN 450-1和EN 196-1标准的机械测试来评估火山灰活性，结果令人鼓舞，特别是水泥替代率在10 %至20 %之间。抗压强度测量和热重分析证实了含有煅烧的配方中有效的硅酸盐消耗，证实了它们的反应性。最后，使用Dreux-Gorisse方法将其加入混凝土配方中，可以在不显著改变机械性能的情况下减少水泥的部分用量，从而支持将废物回收和减少混凝土碳足迹相结合的可持续方法。
{"title":"Assessment of the pozzolanic reactivity of aggregate washing fines for use in Cement-Based Materials","authors":"Abiza Yaakoub, Saleh Hayat, Ferroukhi Mohammed Yacine, Mesticou Zyed, Kacem Mariem, Si Larbi Amir","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the valorization of fines from aggregate washing (<em>AWF)</em>, an industrial residue with a high clay mineral content, as a pozzolanic alternative to additions in cementitious binders. The Fines, were subjected to thermal activation at 750 °C to induce a change in their crystalline structure towards reactive amorphous phases. Chemical and mineralogical analyses revealed a composition rich in silica, alumina and clay minerals such as smectite, illite and kaolinite, indicating strong pozzolanic potential. The suitability of this heat treatment was supported by thermogravimetric criteria, including a loss on ignition of 9.38 % and a dehydroxylation peak observed at 477 °C. Following calcination, the samples showed a reduction in specific surface area and changes in particle size, reflecting the effects of internal thermal transformations. Pozzolanic activity was evaluated through mechanical tests in compliance with NF EN 450-1 and EN 196-1 standards revealing encouraging results, particularly for cement substitution rates of between 10 % and 20 %. Compressive strength measurements and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed effective portlandite consumption in formulations containing calcined, confirming their reactivity. Finally, their incorporation into concrete formulations using the Dreux-Gorisse method has enabled a partial reduction in cement without significantly altering mechanical performance, thus supporting a sustainable approach combining waste recycling and a reduction in concrete's carbon footprint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100856"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100855
Florian Soßna , Robert Schulte Holthausen , Jeanette Orlowsky
There is an increasing interest in the use of earth-based building materials to improve the environmental footprint of our built environment. One of the crucial features currently limiting its use is the inferior resistance of the clay binder to water absorption and erosion. Furthermore, there is a lack of meaningful quantitative measurement methods for characterising earthen material as building material.
Here, we study the water absorption into earth-based materials with 1H single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance. Samples are prepared using an elaborate extrusion process and preconditioned under several typical moisture conditions. We demonstrate the use of the 1H NMR technique to visualize the water absorption and to quantify the capillary water absorption. The latter increases with a more water-reducing preconditioning. Furthermore, the technique allows for the visualisation of the internal swelling of the clay binder, illustrating the strong influence of sample preconditioning.
{"title":"Using single sided 1H nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate water absorption and stability of earth-based building materials","authors":"Florian Soßna , Robert Schulte Holthausen , Jeanette Orlowsky","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an increasing interest in the use of earth-based building materials to improve the environmental footprint of our built environment. One of the crucial features currently limiting its use is the inferior resistance of the clay binder to water absorption and erosion. Furthermore, there is a lack of meaningful quantitative measurement methods for characterising earthen material as building material.</div><div>Here, we study the water absorption into earth-based materials with <sup>1</sup>H single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance. Samples are prepared using an elaborate extrusion process and preconditioned under several typical moisture conditions. We demonstrate the use of the <sup>1</sup>H NMR technique to visualize the water absorption and to quantify the capillary water absorption. The latter increases with a more water-reducing preconditioning. Furthermore, the technique allows for the visualisation of the internal swelling of the clay binder, illustrating the strong influence of sample preconditioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100855"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100845
Omar A. Refaat , Hafiz Asad Ali , Yanshuai Wang , Jian-Guo Dai , Yazan Alrefaei
While photovoltaic (PV) panels drive the global shift to renewable energy, their end-of-life (EoL) disposal (forecast to exceed 78 million tonnes by 2050) poses urgent environmental and resource-recovery challenges. Current management practices, dominated by landfill disposal and low-value recycling, not only result in the loss of valuable elements but also risk leaching toxins. This review critically examines the potential uses of PV waste glass (PVWG) and non-pure PV waste glass (NPVWG) in Portland cement (PC) and alkali-activated material (AAM) systems. Through comparative analysis with conventional waste glass (CWG), the review highlights both shared chemical features yet also distinctive traits of PV panel waste, such as ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) layers and metallic residues, which may offer functional advantages in construction applications. Key research gaps are identified in durability performance, hazardous-element immobilization, and processing optimization. The findings set out a targeted research and policy agenda to advance PV waste valorization within a circular-economy framework for the construction sector.
{"title":"Potentials of upcycling Photovoltaic panels waste in construction: A comparative review","authors":"Omar A. Refaat , Hafiz Asad Ali , Yanshuai Wang , Jian-Guo Dai , Yazan Alrefaei","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While photovoltaic (PV) panels drive the global shift to renewable energy, their end-of-life (EoL) disposal (forecast to exceed 78 million tonnes by 2050) poses urgent environmental and resource-recovery challenges. Current management practices, dominated by landfill disposal and low-value recycling, not only result in the loss of valuable elements but also risk leaching toxins. This review critically examines the potential uses of PV waste glass (PVWG) and non-pure PV waste glass (NPVWG) in Portland cement (PC) and alkali-activated material (AAM) systems. Through comparative analysis with conventional waste glass (CWG), the review highlights both shared chemical features yet also distinctive traits of PV panel waste, such as ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) layers and metallic residues, which may offer functional advantages in construction applications. Key research gaps are identified in durability performance, hazardous-element immobilization, and processing optimization. The findings set out a targeted research and policy agenda to advance PV waste valorization within a circular-economy framework for the construction sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100845"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100853
Muhammad Naeem , Xuhui He , Haiquan Jing , Shahzad Muhammad Ali , Zahid Ullah , Shiqin Zeng
Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are crucial for accessing deep-water wind resources, yet their operation is complicated by frequent wind–wave misalignments that affect stability and power performance. These misalignments stem from differing wind and wave generation mechanisms, including rapid wind-direction shifts and distant swells. This study evaluates the dynamic structural response and power performance of an FOWT under misalignment angles from 0° to 120° in increments of 30°. Results show that misalignment amplifies lateral and rotational platform motions, with sway and roll dominating at β = 90°–120°, while surge decreases with increasing misalignment. Tower-base pitch and yaw moments peak at β = 90°, indicating elevated fatigue risk. Power output decreases by up to 57 % under extreme misalignment, with fluctuations stabilizing at higher β due to reduced aerodynamic efficiency. These outcomes emphasize the need to account for wind–wave misalignment in FOWT design, control strategies, and site-assessment practices.
{"title":"Effect of wind-waves misalignment on the dynamics and power performance of floating offshore wind turbines","authors":"Muhammad Naeem , Xuhui He , Haiquan Jing , Shahzad Muhammad Ali , Zahid Ullah , Shiqin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are crucial for accessing deep-water wind resources, yet their operation is complicated by frequent wind–wave misalignments that affect stability and power performance. These misalignments stem from differing wind and wave generation mechanisms, including rapid wind-direction shifts and distant swells. This study evaluates the dynamic structural response and power performance of an FOWT under misalignment angles from 0° to 120° in increments of 30°. Results show that misalignment amplifies lateral and rotational platform motions, with sway and roll dominating at <em>β</em> = 90°–120°, while surge decreases with increasing misalignment. Tower-base pitch and yaw moments peak at <em>β</em> = 90°, indicating elevated fatigue risk. Power output decreases by up to 57 % under extreme misalignment, with fluctuations stabilizing at higher β due to reduced aerodynamic efficiency. These outcomes emphasize the need to account for wind–wave misalignment in FOWT design, control strategies, and site-assessment practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100853"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100843
Yilin Wang , Yikun Su , Zhizhe Zheng , Zhichao Zhou , Xing Wang
High dust concentrations from road construction degrade air quality, threaten human health, and increase machinery wear and fuel use. Accurate prediction of dust concentrations is therefore critical for proactive environmental control and low-carbon construction. This study proposes a Bayesian-optimized neural network model that integrates spatial, temporal, and environmental information from multi-source data, including particulate sensors, meteorological parameters, and construction records. The convolutional neural network (CNN) captures spatial features, the long short-term memory (LSTM) learns temporal dependencies, and Bayesian optimization (BO) automatically tunes hyperparameters to enhance prediction performance. The proposed model achieves high accuracy (R2 = 0.884) and exhibits superior short-term and long-term robustness compared with conventional models. These results demonstrate that the BO-CNN-LSTM framework effectively improves dust prediction accuracy and stability, providing a practical and intelligent tool for dust mitigation, energy-efficient scheduling, and carbon reduction in road construction projects.
{"title":"Bayesian-optimized CNN-LSTM neural network for predicting road construction dust concentrations","authors":"Yilin Wang , Yikun Su , Zhizhe Zheng , Zhichao Zhou , Xing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High dust concentrations from road construction degrade air quality, threaten human health, and increase machinery wear and fuel use. Accurate prediction of dust concentrations is therefore critical for proactive environmental control and low-carbon construction. This study proposes a Bayesian-optimized neural network model that integrates spatial, temporal, and environmental information from multi-source data, including particulate sensors, meteorological parameters, and construction records. The convolutional neural network (CNN) captures spatial features, the long short-term memory (LSTM) learns temporal dependencies, and Bayesian optimization (BO) automatically tunes hyperparameters to enhance prediction performance. The proposed model achieves high accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.884) and exhibits superior short-term and long-term robustness compared with conventional models. These results demonstrate that the BO-CNN-LSTM framework effectively improves dust prediction accuracy and stability, providing a practical and intelligent tool for dust mitigation, energy-efficient scheduling, and carbon reduction in road construction projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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