Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100823
Jiheum Han , Jewoo Choi , Hyo Seon Park
Elastic metamaterials have emerged as a promising approach for addressing vibration problems in engineering structures, yet practical devices and automated or optimized design methodologies for their frequency tuning remain insufficiently explored in the literature. Motivated by this gap, this study proposes a grid-shaped metamaterial and an automated layout optimization method for frequency tuning. The structure, composed of intersecting grid lines, attenuates structural vibrations through its dynamic interaction and enables intuitive frequency tuning owing to its small set of design variables. Numerical and experimental results confirmed that the optimized layouts effectively matched the target frequency, with errors below 0.3 %. The best configuration achieved a 58.95 % reduction in vibration amplitude. A parameter study revealed the influence of the numbers of rows and columns and the line thickness on the frequency. Overall, the study provides an efficient and practical pathway for tuning metamaterials for vibration mitigation.
{"title":"Layout optimization of the grid-shaped metamaterial-based resonators for frequency tuning","authors":"Jiheum Han , Jewoo Choi , Hyo Seon Park","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elastic metamaterials have emerged as a promising approach for addressing vibration problems in engineering structures, yet practical devices and automated or optimized design methodologies for their frequency tuning remain insufficiently explored in the literature. Motivated by this gap, this study proposes a grid-shaped metamaterial and an automated layout optimization method for frequency tuning. The structure, composed of intersecting grid lines, attenuates structural vibrations through its dynamic interaction and enables intuitive frequency tuning owing to its small set of design variables. Numerical and experimental results confirmed that the optimized layouts effectively matched the target frequency, with errors below 0.3 %. The best configuration achieved a 58.95 % reduction in vibration amplitude. A parameter study revealed the influence of the numbers of rows and columns and the line thickness on the frequency. Overall, the study provides an efficient and practical pathway for tuning metamaterials for vibration mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100823"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100815
Haoze Chen , Libo Yan , Junaid Ajaz Dand
Timber construction offers significant environmental advantages, and the recent rise of timber buildings, culminating in record-setting high-rises, demonstrates a growing trend toward tall timber structures. However, the low self-weight of timber material makes high-rise timber buildings particularly vulnerable to wind-induced vibrations, which often governs design. Compounding this challenge, the principal design codes and criteria do not offer comprehensive, specific provisions for combined wind-vibration effects from the perspective of timber building. This study aims to 1) evaluate design of timber buildings against wind-induced vibration to provide practical guidance, 2) catalogs current serviceability criteria (i.e. ISO 10137, ISO 6897, AIJ-Guidelines, NBCC-Guidelines, ASCE 7–22, AS/NZS 1170.0 and 1170.2, Eurocode 5) for wind-generated accelerations and displacements of buildings, 3) identify gaps of wind-induced vibration design methods outlined in leading international codes (i.e. Eurocode 1–4, ASCE 7–22, AIJ-RBL, NBCC, AS/NZS 1170.2) from regions actively engaged in timber construction, and 4) analyze the wind-design strategies employed in five completed high-rise timber building projects. Results show that current code methods are constrained by simplified assumptions with strict requirement on building dimensions and profile, lacking timber-specific parameters, e.g. damping and natural frequency. Existing codes do not yet provide sufficiently comprehensive methods for evaluating combined vibration effects, and most realized projects have only partially considered the serviceability requirements, which, although, are not mandatory in current design practice. By integrating these criteria, highlighting the limitations of existing codes, and drawing lessons from existing tall timber structures, this study offers clear guidance for engineers seeking to evaluate and mitigate wind-induced vibrations of timber buildings, thereby supporting the reliable design of future high-rise timber buildings.
{"title":"High-rise timber buildings against wind-induced vibration: A comprehensive study on design criteria, design codes and design cases","authors":"Haoze Chen , Libo Yan , Junaid Ajaz Dand","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Timber construction offers significant environmental advantages, and the recent rise of timber buildings, culminating in record-setting high-rises, demonstrates a growing trend toward tall timber structures. However, the low self-weight of timber material makes high-rise timber buildings particularly vulnerable to wind-induced vibrations, which often governs design. Compounding this challenge, the principal design codes and criteria do not offer comprehensive, specific provisions for combined wind-vibration effects from the perspective of timber building. This study aims to 1) evaluate design of timber buildings against wind-induced vibration to provide practical guidance, 2) catalogs current serviceability criteria (i.e. ISO 10137, ISO 6897, AIJ-Guidelines, NBCC-Guidelines, ASCE 7–22, AS/NZS 1170.0 and 1170.2, Eurocode 5) for wind-generated accelerations and displacements of buildings, 3) identify gaps of wind-induced vibration design methods outlined in leading international codes (i.e. Eurocode 1–4, ASCE 7–22, AIJ-RBL, NBCC, AS/NZS 1170.2) from regions actively engaged in timber construction, and 4) analyze the wind-design strategies employed in five completed high-rise timber building projects. Results show that current code methods are constrained by simplified assumptions with strict requirement on building dimensions and profile, lacking timber-specific parameters, e.g. damping and natural frequency. Existing codes do not yet provide sufficiently comprehensive methods for evaluating combined vibration effects, and most realized projects have only partially considered the serviceability requirements, which, although, are not mandatory in current design practice. By integrating these criteria, highlighting the limitations of existing codes, and drawing lessons from existing tall timber structures, this study offers clear guidance for engineers seeking to evaluate and mitigate wind-induced vibrations of timber buildings, thereby supporting the reliable design of future high-rise timber buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100815"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100821
Daxiang Liu , Yexiong Zhou , Xiuzheng Zhang , Chao Kang , Zhiyou Huang , Kaile Wang , Boyang Xu , Zuosen Luo , Dong Xia , Mingyi Li , Xudong Hu , Wennian Xu , Yueshu Yang
The combined use of zeolite (ZL) and biochar (BC) can effectively address the problems of poor anti-erodibility and fertility retention capacity of vegetation concrete (VC) prepared from sandy soil. Natural ZL (NZL), especially clinoptilolite, has some disadvantages, such as presence of numerous impurities distributed in the pores and low surface activity, which lead to insufficient adsorption ability. To fully utilize the synergistic effect of ZL and BC, NZL was modified into physical (PZL), chemical (CZL), and composite-modified ZL (SZL). Results showed trend in the average pore size was SZL > CZL > PZL > natural ZL, and the changes in the functional groups on the surface of SZL was the most significant. Modified ZLs enhanced VC performance: PZL had the strongest effect on anti-erodibility, while SZL was most effective in improving fertility and retention. Our results provided a useful method for treating engineering defects in VC prepared using sandy soil.
{"title":"Synergistic application of modified zeolite and biochar in improving the performance of sandy vegetation concrete","authors":"Daxiang Liu , Yexiong Zhou , Xiuzheng Zhang , Chao Kang , Zhiyou Huang , Kaile Wang , Boyang Xu , Zuosen Luo , Dong Xia , Mingyi Li , Xudong Hu , Wennian Xu , Yueshu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combined use of zeolite (ZL) and biochar (BC) can effectively address the problems of poor anti-erodibility and fertility retention capacity of vegetation concrete (VC) prepared from sandy soil. Natural ZL (NZL), especially clinoptilolite, has some disadvantages, such as presence of numerous impurities distributed in the pores and low surface activity, which lead to insufficient adsorption ability. To fully utilize the synergistic effect of ZL and BC, NZL was modified into physical (PZL), chemical (CZL), and composite-modified ZL (SZL). Results showed trend in the average pore size was SZL > CZL > PZL > natural ZL, and the changes in the functional groups on the surface of SZL was the most significant. Modified ZLs enhanced VC performance: PZL had the strongest effect on anti-erodibility, while SZL was most effective in improving fertility and retention. Our results provided a useful method for treating engineering defects in VC prepared using sandy soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100821"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100809
Nina Humar , Dejan Zupan , Andrej Kryžanowski , Andrej Vidmar , Gregor Trtnik
Concrete dams are among the most frequently monitored structures due to their long lifespan and catastrophic consequences associated with failure. Recently, advancements in material science and instrumentation have led to substantial progress in monitoring techniques for evaluating dam integrity. This research focuses on the monitoring of temperature development in massive concrete structures - an important parameter for predicting the mechanical properties of concrete. Conventional monitoring techniques primarily utilize discrete-point sensors, which provide limited spatial resolution and are often insufficient for accurately capturing the complexity of temperature distribution. To overcome these limitations, distributed (linear) temperature sensing using the fiber optic cables, has emerged as an effective alternative, enabling continuous temperature measurement along the length of the sensor. This paper presents the principles of distributed fiber optic sensing for temperature monitoring in massive concrete structures and illustrates its practical implementation during the hydration phase of concrete placement in a real structural block.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of temperature distribution in massive concrete using fiber optic sensing technology","authors":"Nina Humar , Dejan Zupan , Andrej Kryžanowski , Andrej Vidmar , Gregor Trtnik","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concrete dams are among the most frequently monitored structures due to their long lifespan and catastrophic consequences associated with failure. Recently, advancements in material science and instrumentation have led to substantial progress in monitoring techniques for evaluating dam integrity. This research focuses on the monitoring of temperature development in massive concrete structures - an important parameter for predicting the mechanical properties of concrete. Conventional monitoring techniques primarily utilize discrete-point sensors, which provide limited spatial resolution and are often insufficient for accurately capturing the complexity of temperature distribution. To overcome these limitations, distributed (linear) temperature sensing using the fiber optic cables, has emerged as an effective alternative, enabling continuous temperature measurement along the length of the sensor. This paper presents the principles of distributed fiber optic sensing for temperature monitoring in massive concrete structures and illustrates its practical implementation during the hydration phase of concrete placement in a real structural block.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100809"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100799
Seungwoo Park , Lang Fu , Hyungjoon Seo
This study presents an automated structural damage detection methodology for 19th–20th century heritage buildings using a Roughness–CANUPO(1)–CANUPO(2) (R–C–C) machine learning algorithm combined with 3D laser scanning. To address the limitations of traditional inspection methods in heritage conservation, a non-destructive testing (NDT) integrating surface roughness analysis and machine learning was applied to six heritage buildings constructed with red brick, limestone, and terracotta. High-resolution point cloud data (PCD) were acquired using terrestrial laser scanning, and Local Neighbour Radius (LNR) values were optimised to maximize the separation of crack and wall surface features during roughness-based filtering. A two-stage CANUPO classifier based on the support vector machine learning (SVM), trained on roughness-derived features, was employed to automatically distinguish cracks from undamaged surfaces and joints. Experimental results confirmed that optimal LNR and filtration ratio tuning were essential for effective crack visibility and classification performance. Specifically, under optimised conditions, maximum crack visibility reached 47.28 % and 32.74 % for red brick walls, 63.48 % and 30.23 % for limestone walls, and 82.56 % and 30.34 % for terracotta columns. These results highlight the importance of adapting LNR values and filtering strategies to material-specific surface geometries, particularly in curved components like terracotta columns where 3D curvature influences roughness behaviour. The R–C–C approach enables scalable and accurate structural condition assessment without physical contact, offering a practical tool for the structural monitoring and long-term preservation of historically significant architecture.
{"title":"Automatic damage detection in 19th–20th century heritage buildings using R-C-C fusion machine learning with 3D laser scanning","authors":"Seungwoo Park , Lang Fu , Hyungjoon Seo","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an automated structural damage detection methodology for 19th–20th century heritage buildings using a Roughness–CANUPO(1)–CANUPO(2) (R–C–C) machine learning algorithm combined with 3D laser scanning. To address the limitations of traditional inspection methods in heritage conservation, a non-destructive testing (NDT) integrating surface roughness analysis and machine learning was applied to six heritage buildings constructed with red brick, limestone, and terracotta. High-resolution point cloud data (PCD) were acquired using terrestrial laser scanning, and Local Neighbour Radius (LNR) values were optimised to maximize the separation of crack and wall surface features during roughness-based filtering. A two-stage CANUPO classifier based on the support vector machine learning (SVM), trained on roughness-derived features, was employed to automatically distinguish cracks from undamaged surfaces and joints. Experimental results confirmed that optimal LNR and filtration ratio tuning were essential for effective crack visibility and classification performance. Specifically, under optimised conditions, maximum crack visibility reached 47.28 % and 32.74 % for red brick walls, 63.48 % and 30.23 % for limestone walls, and 82.56 % and 30.34 % for terracotta columns. These results highlight the importance of adapting LNR values and filtering strategies to material-specific surface geometries, particularly in curved components like terracotta columns where 3D curvature influences roughness behaviour. The R–C–C approach enables scalable and accurate structural condition assessment without physical contact, offering a practical tool for the structural monitoring and long-term preservation of historically significant architecture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100799"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100816
Shuying Wang , Xiangcou Zheng , Zhunlin Ni , Cong Zhang , Junsheng Yang , Xiangsheng Chen
The conventional method of preparing synchronous grouting with shield muck usually involves using cement as main binder. However, to enhance environmental sustainability of reusing shield muck in synchronous grouting, developing alternative binders is crucial. Based on the principles of geopolymerisation, this study uses shield muck as the main raw material and mixes it with sand. It incorporates ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a precursor and uses sodium sulfate and hydrated lime serving as activators to develop a new grouting material. Experimental results indicate that the consistency, fluidity, and moisture content of the grout decrease over time. Notably, both consistency and fluidity exhibit pronounced changes in their variation rates at the setting time, with opposite trends observed before and after this point. Additionally, the bleeding rate and bulk shrinkage rate, as well as unconfined compressive strength (UCS), increase with time. The bleeding rate stabilises once the setting time is reached, while the bulk shrinkage rate stabilises after three days. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses reveal the solidification mechanism of the new grouting material. The superior strength of the new grouting material is attributed to differences in hydration processes and the types of products formed. The excellent performance of the newly developed material, with an optimal proportion of 140 % moisture, 100 % GGBS, and 230 % sand, is confirmed by comparing it with traditional grouting materials on site at Nanjing Metro Line 6, and both its economic and environmental benefits in practical application are assessed.
{"title":"Mechanical performance and solidification mechanism of synchronous grouting materials from the reuse of geopolymer-modified shield tunnel muck","authors":"Shuying Wang , Xiangcou Zheng , Zhunlin Ni , Cong Zhang , Junsheng Yang , Xiangsheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conventional method of preparing synchronous grouting with shield muck usually involves using cement as main binder. However, to enhance environmental sustainability of reusing shield muck in synchronous grouting, developing alternative binders is crucial. Based on the principles of geopolymerisation, this study uses shield muck as the main raw material and mixes it with sand. It incorporates ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a precursor and uses sodium sulfate and hydrated lime serving as activators to develop a new grouting material. Experimental results indicate that the consistency, fluidity, and moisture content of the grout decrease over time. Notably, both consistency and fluidity exhibit pronounced changes in their variation rates at the setting time, with opposite trends observed before and after this point. Additionally, the bleeding rate and bulk shrinkage rate, as well as unconfined compressive strength (UCS), increase with time. The bleeding rate stabilises once the setting time is reached, while the bulk shrinkage rate stabilises after three days. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses reveal the solidification mechanism of the new grouting material. The superior strength of the new grouting material is attributed to differences in hydration processes and the types of products formed. The excellent performance of the newly developed material, with an optimal proportion of 140 % moisture, 100 % GGBS, and 230 % sand, is confirmed by comparing it with traditional grouting materials on site at Nanjing Metro Line 6, and both its economic and environmental benefits in practical application are assessed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100816"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100808
Rezaul Karim , Xingzhou Guo , Hongyue Wu
In construction workplaces, worker fatigue emerges from intense physical or mental activities, leading to decreased alertness, impaired decision-making, and increased accident risk. Although earlier reviews examined the origins and measurements of construction worker fatigue (CWF), recent studies show a progressive shift toward advanced and integrated approaches. These include real-time tracking, data-driven models, and multi-sensor wearables, combining knowledge from neuroscience, ergonomics, and information technology. However, current research remains fragmented, with limited studies systematically connecting technological and interdisciplinary developments in physical and mental fatigue to guide future work. Therefore, this review integrates knowledge across domains to highlight emerging trends and applications of advanced technologies in CWF research. Key findings reveal that fatigue monitoring should combine physiological measurements with contextual work variables; future human-centered systems should deliver task-specific and personalized feedback tailored to workers; and integration of technological advances with organizational policies and cultural awareness is essential to proactive fatigue management in construction.
{"title":"Advancing physical and mental fatigue analysis in construction workers: Insights, technologies, and future directions","authors":"Rezaul Karim , Xingzhou Guo , Hongyue Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In construction workplaces, worker fatigue emerges from intense physical or mental activities, leading to decreased alertness, impaired decision-making, and increased accident risk. Although earlier reviews examined the origins and measurements of construction worker fatigue (CWF), recent studies show a progressive shift toward advanced and integrated approaches. These include real-time tracking, data-driven models, and multi-sensor wearables, combining knowledge from neuroscience, ergonomics, and information technology. However, current research remains fragmented, with limited studies systematically connecting technological and interdisciplinary developments in physical and mental fatigue to guide future work. Therefore, this review integrates knowledge across domains to highlight emerging trends and applications of advanced technologies in CWF research. Key findings reveal that fatigue monitoring should combine physiological measurements with contextual work variables; future human-centered systems should deliver task-specific and personalized feedback tailored to workers; and integration of technological advances with organizational policies and cultural awareness is essential to proactive fatigue management in construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100808"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100819
Meng Du , Yinuo Zhang , Xinyue Zhang , Zihan Tang , Meiheng Zhai , Bo Hong
Underground environments without light wells or skylights lack a connection to the natural outdoors, heightening stress and mental fatigue, jeopardizing health and productivity. While green walls are established restorative agents, the contribution of floral colour to underground stress recovery remains unclear. Ninety-six adults completed baseline and stress-induction phases before immersive exposure—via virtual reality—to yellow-floral, white-floral, red-floral or green walls. Multi-modal assessment integrated self-reports, cardiovascular metrics and cognitive tasks. Relative to the stressor phase, all scenes reduced negative affect and elevated perceived restoration, with yellow-floral and red-floral walls additionally increasing positive affect above baseline. Red-floral wall uniquely maximised vagal reactivation (largest root mean square of successive differences gain, steepest stress-index decline), indicating superior autonomic recovery. Green wall expedited information processing, whereas yellow-floral wall optimised working-memory capacity. These findings elucidate colour-specific pathways by which floral stimuli mitigate underground stress and inform evidence-based chromatic interventions for subterranean design.
{"title":"Floral walls versus green wall for stress recovery and cognitive restoration in underground environments: A VR-based experimental study","authors":"Meng Du , Yinuo Zhang , Xinyue Zhang , Zihan Tang , Meiheng Zhai , Bo Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground environments without light wells or skylights lack a connection to the natural outdoors, heightening stress and mental fatigue, jeopardizing health and productivity. While green walls are established restorative agents, the contribution of floral colour to underground stress recovery remains unclear. Ninety-six adults completed baseline and stress-induction phases before immersive exposure—via virtual reality—to yellow-floral, white-floral, red-floral or green walls. Multi-modal assessment integrated self-reports, cardiovascular metrics and cognitive tasks. Relative to the stressor phase, all scenes reduced negative affect and elevated perceived restoration, with yellow-floral and red-floral walls additionally increasing positive affect above baseline. Red-floral wall uniquely maximised vagal reactivation (largest root mean square of successive differences gain, steepest stress-index decline), indicating superior autonomic recovery. Green wall expedited information processing, whereas yellow-floral wall optimised working-memory capacity. These findings elucidate colour-specific pathways by which floral stimuli mitigate underground stress and inform evidence-based chromatic interventions for subterranean design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100819"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100814
Mohammad Javad Koohsari , Andrew T. Kaczynski , Emily Talen , Koichiro Oka
The built environment influences cardiometabolic health by impacting human behaviours and environmental exposures. However, the current focus on identifying associations between static built environment measures and cardiometabolic health outcomes has limited practical relevance for urban design. Current approaches fail to capture the spatial complexity of urban environments or provide actionable guidance for urban design. In this paper, we discuss how parametric urban design science can offer a paradigm shift in the ability to link the built environment with cardiometabolic health research. It can break down fixed built environment measures into spatially specific parameters and account for interdependencies among built environment measures. This shift moves beyond only investigating correlations and can generate evidence directly relevant to urban design practice. This paper identifies parametric urban design science advantages and outlines future steps for its application in research on the built environment and cardiometabolic health.
{"title":"From associations to action: Parametric urban design science for cardiometabolic health","authors":"Mohammad Javad Koohsari , Andrew T. Kaczynski , Emily Talen , Koichiro Oka","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The built environment influences cardiometabolic health by impacting human behaviours and environmental exposures. However, the current focus on identifying associations between static built environment measures and cardiometabolic health outcomes has limited practical relevance for urban design. Current approaches fail to capture the spatial complexity of urban environments or provide actionable guidance for urban design. In this paper, we discuss how parametric urban design science can offer a paradigm shift in the ability to link the built environment with cardiometabolic health research. It can break down fixed built environment measures into spatially specific parameters and account for interdependencies among built environment measures. This shift moves beyond only investigating correlations and can generate evidence directly relevant to urban design practice. This paper identifies parametric urban design science advantages and outlines future steps for its application in research on the built environment and cardiometabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100814"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100813
Jihoon Park , Sungsik Choi , Joonho Seo , Solmoi Park , H.K. Lee
The present study investigated phase evolution and mechanical properties of seawater-mixed calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements with varying m-values from 0 to 2.0 under normal and carbonation curing at 10 % CO2 concentration for 28 d. For normal-cured samples with m-values of 0 and 0.5, favorable formation of Kuzel's salt resulted in 160 % and 124 % higher chloride binding capacity, respectively, than that of sample with m-value of 2.0; however, the compressive strength of sample with lowest m-value was 67 % of that of sample with highest m-value, along with increased total shrinkage. Carbonation curing caused decomposition of AFm phases, leading to loss of chloride binding capacity across all samples, though minor physical binding was observed in samples with low m-values. Additionally, total shrinkage of carbonation-cured samples was mitigated up to 14 d, but carbonation-induced shrinkage eventually prevailed, resulting in increased total shrinkage and surface cracking in all samples, with severity depending on m-value.
{"title":"Effect of carbonation curing on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of seawater-mixed calcium sulfoaluminate cements","authors":"Jihoon Park , Sungsik Choi , Joonho Seo , Solmoi Park , H.K. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated phase evolution and mechanical properties of seawater-mixed calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements with varying <em>m</em>-values from 0 to 2.0 under normal and carbonation curing at 10 % CO<sub>2</sub> concentration for 28 d. For normal-cured samples with <em>m</em>-values of 0 and 0.5, favorable formation of Kuzel's salt resulted in 160 % and 124 % higher chloride binding capacity, respectively, than that of sample with <em>m</em>-value of 2.0; however, the compressive strength of sample with lowest m-value was 67 % of that of sample with highest <em>m</em>-value, along with increased total shrinkage. Carbonation curing caused decomposition of AFm phases, leading to loss of chloride binding capacity across all samples, though minor physical binding was observed in samples with low <em>m</em>-values. Additionally, total shrinkage of carbonation-cured samples was mitigated up to 14 d, but carbonation-induced shrinkage eventually prevailed, resulting in increased total shrinkage and surface cracking in all samples, with severity depending on <em>m</em>-value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100813"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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