Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100845
Omar A. Refaat , Hafiz Asad Ali , Yanshuai Wang , Jian-Guo Dai , Yazan Alrefaei
While photovoltaic (PV) panels drive the global shift to renewable energy, their end-of-life (EoL) disposal (forecast to exceed 78 million tonnes by 2050) poses urgent environmental and resource-recovery challenges. Current management practices, dominated by landfill disposal and low-value recycling, not only result in the loss of valuable elements but also risk leaching toxins. This review critically examines the potential uses of PV waste glass (PVWG) and non-pure PV waste glass (NPVWG) in Portland cement (PC) and alkali-activated material (AAM) systems. Through comparative analysis with conventional waste glass (CWG), the review highlights both shared chemical features yet also distinctive traits of PV panel waste, such as ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) layers and metallic residues, which may offer functional advantages in construction applications. Key research gaps are identified in durability performance, hazardous-element immobilization, and processing optimization. The findings set out a targeted research and policy agenda to advance PV waste valorization within a circular-economy framework for the construction sector.
{"title":"Potentials of upcycling Photovoltaic panels waste in construction: A comparative review","authors":"Omar A. Refaat , Hafiz Asad Ali , Yanshuai Wang , Jian-Guo Dai , Yazan Alrefaei","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While photovoltaic (PV) panels drive the global shift to renewable energy, their end-of-life (EoL) disposal (forecast to exceed 78 million tonnes by 2050) poses urgent environmental and resource-recovery challenges. Current management practices, dominated by landfill disposal and low-value recycling, not only result in the loss of valuable elements but also risk leaching toxins. This review critically examines the potential uses of PV waste glass (PVWG) and non-pure PV waste glass (NPVWG) in Portland cement (PC) and alkali-activated material (AAM) systems. Through comparative analysis with conventional waste glass (CWG), the review highlights both shared chemical features yet also distinctive traits of PV panel waste, such as ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) layers and metallic residues, which may offer functional advantages in construction applications. Key research gaps are identified in durability performance, hazardous-element immobilization, and processing optimization. The findings set out a targeted research and policy agenda to advance PV waste valorization within a circular-economy framework for the construction sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100845"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100844
Hyeong-Ki Kim , Seungo Baek , Jeong Hoon Rhee , Gebremicael Liyew , Gun Kim
The long-term microstructural evolution of concrete under accelerated carbonation was investigated using ultrasonic wave velocity (V) and acoustic nonlinearity parameter (β) to assess multiscale material changes. Concrete specimens made with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) were exposed to 10 % CO2 for one year. During this period, V remained nearly constant until 100 days and then increased by ∼10 %, indicating stiffness enhancement. In comparison, β decreased by ∼50 % within 100 days due to densification but later rose to ∼200 %, reflecting the onset of microcracking. This trend in β was supported by SEM-BSE and MIP analyses, which revealed pore refinement alongside the formation of nanoscale voids (10–100 nm). The influence of slag incorporation (50 % replacement) and curing conditions on carbonation kinetics was also examined. The results show that carbonation-induced densification could be offset by shrinkage, highlighting the bilateral nature of carbonation and the strong potential of β for long-term field monitoring.
{"title":"Bilateral effects of accelerated carbonation on concrete microstructure: Insights from one-year ultrasonic measurements","authors":"Hyeong-Ki Kim , Seungo Baek , Jeong Hoon Rhee , Gebremicael Liyew , Gun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long-term microstructural evolution of concrete under accelerated carbonation was investigated using ultrasonic wave velocity (<em>V</em>) and acoustic nonlinearity parameter (<em>β</em>) to assess multiscale material changes. Concrete specimens made with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) were exposed to 10 % CO<sub>2</sub> for one year. During this period, <em>V</em> remained nearly constant until 100 days and then increased by ∼10 %, indicating stiffness enhancement. In comparison, <em>β</em> decreased by ∼50 % within 100 days due to densification but later rose to ∼200 %, reflecting the onset of microcracking. This trend in <em>β</em> was supported by SEM-BSE and MIP analyses, which revealed pore refinement alongside the formation of nanoscale voids (10–100 nm). The influence of slag incorporation (50 % replacement) and curing conditions on carbonation kinetics was also examined. The results show that carbonation-induced densification could be offset by shrinkage, highlighting the bilateral nature of carbonation and the strong potential of <em>β</em> for long-term field monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100806
Jing Cao , Xiaojie Yang , Yaming Shi , Yi Yang , Yuan Qin , Junrui Chai , Zengguang Xu
3D-printed concrete has significant potential for applications in the construction industry. However, compatibility issues still exist when combining it with conventional steel reinforcement. Fiber-reinforced 3D-printed concrete is commonly used, but the fiber distribution affects the mechanical properties of the material. During the printing process, fiber agglomeration may occur, and currently, research on its influencing mechanism and microstructural analysis is relatively limited. To evaluate the influence of fiber agglomeration distribution characteristics on cement-based materials, this study established a two-dimensional finite element model of 3D-printed steel fiber-reinforced cement-based material (3DP-SFRCBM) using a parametric programming language. The model consists of steel fibers, cement mortar, and an interfacial transition zone (ITZ), and considers different fiber distribution widths (with β ratios of 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, and 100 %) and orientations (horizontal, vertical, and random). At the same time, the Weibull distribution was applied to describe the uniformity of the ITZ (with homogeneity parameters m = 6 and 20), simulating the entire failure process of cement under uniaxial tensile loading. The results show that the direction and orientation of fiber agglomeration have a significant effect on the peak strength of the material. When the interfacial homogeneity parameter is m = 6, the influence of fiber orientation on peak stress follows the order: vertical (parallel to the loading direction) > random > horizontal (parallel to the direction perpendicular to loading). When the homogeneity increases, the results are opposite. For a constant fiber orientation, the horizontal fiber agglomeration direction exhibits a higher peak stress; improved homogeneity contributes to higher peak stress and more stable results. In addition, the directionality and concentration of fibers have an important influence on the formation of final cracks; fiber agglomeration leads to the formation of local stress concentration regions, which cause cracks in these regions to propagate rapidly. This study further reveals the mechanism of the fiber agglomeration phenomenon in 3D-printed fiber-reinforced composites and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing printing processes and material mix designs in future research.
{"title":"Numerical analysis of mechanical properties of steel fiber composite cement mortar considering non-uniformity in 3D printing","authors":"Jing Cao , Xiaojie Yang , Yaming Shi , Yi Yang , Yuan Qin , Junrui Chai , Zengguang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D-printed concrete has significant potential for applications in the construction industry. However, compatibility issues still exist when combining it with conventional steel reinforcement. Fiber-reinforced 3D-printed concrete is commonly used, but the fiber distribution affects the mechanical properties of the material. During the printing process, fiber agglomeration may occur, and currently, research on its influencing mechanism and microstructural analysis is relatively limited. To evaluate the influence of fiber agglomeration distribution characteristics on cement-based materials, this study established a two-dimensional finite element model of 3D-printed steel fiber-reinforced cement-based material (3DP-SFRCBM) using a parametric programming language. The model consists of steel fibers, cement mortar, and an interfacial transition zone (ITZ), and considers different fiber distribution widths (with <em>β</em> ratios of 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, and 100 %) and orientations (horizontal, vertical, and random). At the same time, the Weibull distribution was applied to describe the uniformity of the ITZ (with homogeneity parameters <em>m</em> = 6 and 20), simulating the entire failure process of cement under uniaxial tensile loading. The results show that the direction and orientation of fiber agglomeration have a significant effect on the peak strength of the material. When the interfacial homogeneity parameter is <em>m</em> = 6, the influence of fiber orientation on peak stress follows the order: vertical (parallel to the loading direction) > random > horizontal (parallel to the direction perpendicular to loading). When the homogeneity increases, the results are opposite. For a constant fiber orientation, the horizontal fiber agglomeration direction exhibits a higher peak stress; improved homogeneity contributes to higher peak stress and more stable results. In addition, the directionality and concentration of fibers have an important influence on the formation of final cracks; fiber agglomeration leads to the formation of local stress concentration regions, which cause cracks in these regions to propagate rapidly. This study further reveals the mechanism of the fiber agglomeration phenomenon in 3D-printed fiber-reinforced composites and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing printing processes and material mix designs in future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100806"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100852
Ke Wu , Haihang Hu , Huakai Sun , Kai Zhu , Xingfu Yu , Ye Jin , Tianhang Zhang
Reliable recognition of evacuation signage under low-visibility conditions is vital for occupant safety. This study investigates the impact of chroma differences (ΔC∗) on visual recognition and introduces a perception-based model tailored for supra-threshold tasks. Through psychophysical testing, recognition performance was quantified using Color Visual Acuity (CVA) across varying brightness, chroma, and hue conditions. Results reveal that CVA decreases with increasing chroma due to perceptual saturation and varies significantly with hue, particularly reduced near yellow (90°) due to S-cone sensitivity limitations. Brightness (L∗) consistently enhances CVA across all conditions. A novel Perceived Color Difference (PCD) model was developed, based on spectral radiance differences weighted by human chromatic sensitivity. The model exhibits a robust logarithmic correlation with CVA, outperforming traditional ΔE metrics, which are optimized for near-threshold color discrimination rather than recognition. A dual-threshold criterion, CVA ≥4.0 and PCD ≥0.0005, is recommended to ensure effective recognition in safety-critical environments. The findings support the design of more effective evacuation signage by linking human visual responses to lighting conditions in low-visibility environments.
{"title":"Experimental study on human visual response to safety signage under emergency lighting conditions","authors":"Ke Wu , Haihang Hu , Huakai Sun , Kai Zhu , Xingfu Yu , Ye Jin , Tianhang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable recognition of evacuation signage under low-visibility conditions is vital for occupant safety. This study investigates the impact of chroma differences (Δ<em>C</em>∗) on visual recognition and introduces a perception-based model tailored for supra-threshold tasks. Through psychophysical testing, recognition performance was quantified using Color Visual Acuity (CVA) across varying brightness, chroma, and hue conditions. Results reveal that CVA decreases with increasing chroma due to perceptual saturation and varies significantly with hue, particularly reduced near yellow (90°) due to S-cone sensitivity limitations. Brightness (<em>L</em>∗) consistently enhances CVA across all conditions. A novel <strong><u>P</u></strong>erceived <strong><u>C</u></strong>olor <strong><u>D</u></strong>ifference (PCD) model was developed, based on spectral radiance differences weighted by human chromatic sensitivity. The model exhibits a robust logarithmic correlation with CVA, outperforming traditional ΔE metrics, which are optimized for near-threshold color discrimination rather than recognition. A dual-threshold criterion, CVA ≥4.0 and PCD ≥0.0005, is recommended to ensure effective recognition in safety-critical environments. The findings support the design of more effective evacuation signage by linking human visual responses to lighting conditions in low-visibility environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100852"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100861
Changshun Zhou , Dapeng Wang , Peimin Zhan , Hongyu Tao , Mingyong Li , Juan Wang
Recycled micro-powder (RP), composed primarily of recycled concrete powder and recycled brick powder derived from construction and demolition waste, has emerged as a promising sustainable supplementary cementitious material in concrete production. Owing to its inherent pozzolanic reactivity and micro-filler effect, RP contributes to refining pore structures and enhancing both the fresh and hardened properties of cement-based materials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physicochemical characteristics and hydration potential of RP, critically evaluating its effects on workability, mechanical performance, and durability. Furthermore, the environmental and economic implications of RP utilization are discussed, emphasizing its potential to reduce energy consumption, lower carbon emissions, and conserve natural resources. Finally, key research gaps are identified, and future directions are proposed to advance the practical application of RP in developing low-carbon, sustainable concrete.
{"title":"A review of recycled micro-powder concrete: material treatment, performance and mechanism","authors":"Changshun Zhou , Dapeng Wang , Peimin Zhan , Hongyu Tao , Mingyong Li , Juan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycled micro-powder (RP), composed primarily of recycled concrete powder and recycled brick powder derived from construction and demolition waste, has emerged as a promising sustainable supplementary cementitious material in concrete production. Owing to its inherent pozzolanic reactivity and micro-filler effect, RP contributes to refining pore structures and enhancing both the fresh and hardened properties of cement-based materials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physicochemical characteristics and hydration potential of RP, critically evaluating its effects on workability, mechanical performance, and durability. Furthermore, the environmental and economic implications of RP utilization are discussed, emphasizing its potential to reduce energy consumption, lower carbon emissions, and conserve natural resources. Finally, key research gaps are identified, and future directions are proposed to advance the practical application of RP in developing low-carbon, sustainable concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100861"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100822
Shanshan Li , Jianying Yu , Ren Wei , Rui Li , Anand Sreeram , Xiong Xu
Recycling waste SBS-modified asphalt (SBSMA) is crucial, yet conventional oil-based rejuvenators severely compromise its high-temperature deformation resistance, limiting its reuse in pavements. The study proposed a new reaction-rejuvenation approach through combining reactive chemicals of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BUDGE) and pre-polymerized polyurethane (Pre-PU) with physical rejuvenator of heat transfer oil (HTO) residue to reach the performance optimization of reaction-rejuvenated SBSMA (RRSBSMA) binder. Comprehensive evaluation of the rejuvenated binder's physical and rheological properties demonstrates that this method successfully balances performance. The reactive chemicals effectively mitigate the decline in high-temperature stability, while the HTO residue appropriately improves workability. Mechanism analysis revealed that the chemicals form a rigid, gel-like molecular structure. This network maintains a high modulus, providing excellent rutting resistance—confirmed by complex modulus and accumulated strain results—while simultaneously absorbing the softening HTO residue. This breakthrough enables the high-performance recycling of waste SBSMA, advancing the development of more durable and sustainable asphalt pavements.
{"title":"Innovative reaction-rejuvenation of aged SBS modified asphalt binder: From physico-rheological behavior to rejuvenation mechanism","authors":"Shanshan Li , Jianying Yu , Ren Wei , Rui Li , Anand Sreeram , Xiong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling waste SBS-modified asphalt (SBSMA) is crucial, yet conventional oil-based rejuvenators severely compromise its high-temperature deformation resistance, limiting its reuse in pavements. The study proposed a new reaction-rejuvenation approach through combining reactive chemicals of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BUDGE) and pre-polymerized polyurethane (Pre-PU) with physical rejuvenator of heat transfer oil (HTO) residue to reach the performance optimization of reaction-rejuvenated SBSMA (RRSBSMA) binder. Comprehensive evaluation of the rejuvenated binder's physical and rheological properties demonstrates that this method successfully balances performance. The reactive chemicals effectively mitigate the decline in high-temperature stability, while the HTO residue appropriately improves workability. Mechanism analysis revealed that the chemicals form a rigid, gel-like molecular structure. This network maintains a high modulus, providing excellent rutting resistance—confirmed by complex modulus and accumulated strain results—while simultaneously absorbing the softening HTO residue. This breakthrough enables the high-performance recycling of waste SBSMA, advancing the development of more durable and sustainable asphalt pavements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100822"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100862
Dong-xue Hao , Yu-chen Guo , Rong Chen , Lu Zhou , Yong-ming Han
Eco-friendly geopolymers were prepared by alkali activation of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) using calcium carbide slag (CS), with rice-husk biochar (BC, 0–30 wt%) incorporated as a functional additive. The optimal formulation CS/GGBFS = 15:85 with 1 wt% BC achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 27.3 MPa and a low porosity of 30.14 %. Low BC dosages (≤5 wt%) markedly enhanced early-age and ultimate strength, whereas excessive BC (≥10 wt%) disrupted matrix continuity, increased porosity, and reduced strength. Microstructural analyses confirmed that low BC contents promoted calcium–aluminosilicate–hydrate gel formation through internal curing and nucleation effects, while high BC contents enlarged pores and induced stress concentrations. The strength–porosity relationship followed the Balshin model, indicating a critical porosity of ∼36 % to maintain compressive strength ≥20 MPa. Overall, incorporating 1 wt% BC in a CS15:GGBFS85 system maximizes mechanical performance while enabling the sustainable co-utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes.
{"title":"Mechanical and microstructural regulation of biochar-geopolymer composites from industrial slag wastes","authors":"Dong-xue Hao , Yu-chen Guo , Rong Chen , Lu Zhou , Yong-ming Han","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eco-friendly geopolymers were prepared by alkali activation of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) using calcium carbide slag (CS), with rice-husk biochar (BC, 0–30 wt%) incorporated as a functional additive. The optimal formulation CS/GGBFS = 15:85 with 1 wt% BC achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 27.3 MPa and a low porosity of 30.14 %. Low BC dosages (≤5 wt%) markedly enhanced early-age and ultimate strength, whereas excessive BC (≥10 wt%) disrupted matrix continuity, increased porosity, and reduced strength. Microstructural analyses confirmed that low BC contents promoted calcium–aluminosilicate–hydrate gel formation through internal curing and nucleation effects, while high BC contents enlarged pores and induced stress concentrations. The strength–porosity relationship followed the Balshin model, indicating a critical porosity of ∼36 % to maintain compressive strength ≥20 MPa. Overall, incorporating 1 wt% BC in a CS15:GGBFS85 system maximizes mechanical performance while enabling the sustainable co-utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100862"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100824
Li Ai , David Bianco , Vafa Soltangharaei , Rafal Anay , Mahmoud Bayat , Paul Ziehl
This research investigates different nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods to assess concrete under alkali-silica reaction (ASR) development. Four methods including acoustic emission (AE), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), crack width measurement, and strain measurement were applied to reactive and control specimens under accelerated ASR conditioning. The innovation lies in using NDE methods to monitor concrete with varying aggregate sizes, quantifying method sensitivity through measured indices, and highlighting the effectiveness of each method to capture ASR development. The results indicate that the unconfined reactive fine-aggregate sample exhibited isotropic expansion, while coarse-aggregate specimens showed around 50 % greater longitudinal expansion and AE cumulative signal strength up to 3.2 times higher. Furthermore, the reinforcing effect was more significant in the reactive coarse aggregate samples compared to the reactive fine aggregate ones. The ASR detection effectiveness for the four methods is 67 % for AE, 51 % for strain measurement, 12 % for crack width measurement, and 1 % for UPV.
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of aggregate size and reinforcement on alkali-silica reaction in concrete through nondestructive testing techniques","authors":"Li Ai , David Bianco , Vafa Soltangharaei , Rafal Anay , Mahmoud Bayat , Paul Ziehl","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates different nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods to assess concrete under alkali-silica reaction (ASR) development. Four methods including acoustic emission (AE), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), crack width measurement, and strain measurement were applied to reactive and control specimens under accelerated ASR conditioning. The innovation lies in using NDE methods to monitor concrete with varying aggregate sizes, quantifying method sensitivity through measured indices, and highlighting the effectiveness of each method to capture ASR development. The results indicate that the unconfined reactive fine-aggregate sample exhibited isotropic expansion, while coarse-aggregate specimens showed around 50 % greater longitudinal expansion and AE cumulative signal strength up to 3.2 times higher. Furthermore, the reinforcing effect was more significant in the reactive coarse aggregate samples compared to the reactive fine aggregate ones. The ASR detection effectiveness for the four methods is 67 % for AE, 51 % for strain measurement, 12 % for crack width measurement, and 1 % for UPV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100824"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100879
Delei Yang , Xiaonan Xie , Fenhong Li , Xiao Guo , Hanke Jiang , Xueji Shi , Xuebing Zhang , Hongtian Cui , Li Wang , Han Wu , Ping Xiang
The widespread implementation of ballastless slab track systems has positioned the CRTS III structure as a key component in long-life, low-maintenance, and sustainable high-speed railway infrastructure. While the system exhibits strong mechanical resilience and reduced maintenance demand, long-term service conditions—particularly repeated dynamic loading—may lead to cumulative deterioration, underscoring the need for continuous monitoring to support life-cycle performance evaluation. Quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing enables real-time internal strain assessment, yet sensor degradation or interfacial debonding can result in missing measurements, affecting the integrity of long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) records. This study investigates deep learning-based reconstruction of incomplete strain data obtained from embedded FBG sensors in CRTS III slab track structures. Full-scale cyclic loading tests provide reference strain sequences obtained from FBG sensors installed within the self-compacting concrete layer as well as the underlying baseplate. A set of deep learning models comprising CNN-based architectures, LSTM temporal networks, and GRU recurrent structures are trained on complete sequences and tested under artificially constructed conditions with partial data loss using standard regression metrics. Results demonstrate that the developed approach markedly improves the completeness and robustness of FBG-based monitoring records. The findings support life-cycle oriented SHM, enabling more effective condition-based maintenance, extended reuse of slab track components, and lower material usage achieved via data-informed, low-emission maintenance strategies for high-speed rail systems.
{"title":"Life-cycle oriented strain reconstruction of CRTSIII slab tracks using quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating sensing and deep learning toward sustainable high-speed rail","authors":"Delei Yang , Xiaonan Xie , Fenhong Li , Xiao Guo , Hanke Jiang , Xueji Shi , Xuebing Zhang , Hongtian Cui , Li Wang , Han Wu , Ping Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2026.100879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread implementation of ballastless slab track systems has positioned the CRTS III structure as a key component in long-life, low-maintenance, and sustainable high-speed railway infrastructure. While the system exhibits strong mechanical resilience and reduced maintenance demand, long-term service conditions—particularly repeated dynamic loading—may lead to cumulative deterioration, underscoring the need for continuous monitoring to support life-cycle performance evaluation. Quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing enables real-time internal strain assessment, yet sensor degradation or interfacial debonding can result in missing measurements, affecting the integrity of long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) records. This study investigates deep learning-based reconstruction of incomplete strain data obtained from embedded FBG sensors in CRTS III slab track structures. Full-scale cyclic loading tests provide reference strain sequences obtained from FBG sensors installed within the self-compacting concrete layer as well as the underlying baseplate. A set of deep learning models comprising CNN-based architectures, LSTM temporal networks, and GRU recurrent structures are trained on complete sequences and tested under artificially constructed conditions with partial data loss using standard regression metrics. Results demonstrate that the developed approach markedly improves the completeness and robustness of FBG-based monitoring records. The findings support life-cycle oriented SHM, enabling more effective condition-based maintenance, extended reuse of slab track components, and lower material usage achieved via data-informed, low-emission maintenance strategies for high-speed rail systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100879"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100832
Linchao Li , Zijian Huang , Junzhen Wang , Bowen Du , Linfabao Dai
This review synthesizes recent advancements in automated construction monitoring, focusing on key dimensions including equipment, methodologies, datasets, evaluation metrics, and practical applications. It examines diverse data collection setups including single camera, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), mobile phones, and multi-cameras, along with a range of models such as deep learning models and simulation-based models. The analysis highlights the critical role of dataset scale, diversity, and realism in model robustness, and reviews commonly used metrics like accuracy, precision, mean Average Precision (mAP), and Frames per Second (FPS) to evaluate performance trade-offs. Applications span safety monitoring, equipment tracking, productivity analysis, and structural health assessment. The review identifies gaps in dataset generalizability, metric standardization, and real-world validation, offering recommendations such as developing hybrid models, large-scale construction-specific datasets, and integrated multi-functional platforms. This work aims to guide future research and support the practical adoption of intelligent monitoring systems for safer and more efficient construction management.
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