Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100681
J.M. White , C.L. Goodfellow , A.O. Adeleke , F.P. Awde , Y.W. Chua , A. Jovic , E. Scott
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Missed opportunities: The unknown impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early childhood development in the WHO European region” [Pub. Health Practice 10 (2025) 100636]","authors":"J.M. White , C.L. Goodfellow , A.O. Adeleke , F.P. Awde , Y.W. Chua , A. Jovic , E. Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100681"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100678
Christiana Lokko, Jonathan Sackey, E.A. Aboagye
Objectives
This study examines the prevalence and determinants of CS deliveries in Ghana, with a focus on institutional, health-related, and contextual factors.
Study design
Stratified two-stage cluster design, selecting 618 clusters using probability proportional to size (PPS) and systematic random sampling.
Methods
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 4649 women who had given birth within the past five years. The respondents were interviewed using a standardised structured questionnaire and samples were obtained through stratified random sampling. Therefore, bivariate analysis and logistic regression were applied to the data in IBM SPSS version 21 to ascertain the prevalence, association and determinants of CS delivery at a p-value of 0.005.
Results
The prevalence of CS found in this current study is 20.1 %, which is higher than the recommended global benchmark range (10 %–15 %). Age, educational level, wealth index, religion, parity, twin status, access to healthcare, self-reported health status, and region significantly determined the likelihood of caesarean section delivery.
Conclusion
The caesarean section rate in Ghana has risen to 20.1 %, reflecting both overuse among privileged groups and underuse among disadvantaged populations. Addressing these disparities with targeted, evidence-based interventions is crucial to ensure equitable and medically appropriate CS delivery.
目的：本研究考察了加纳CS分娩的患病率和决定因素，重点关注制度、健康相关和环境因素。研究设计分层两阶段聚类设计，采用概率与大小成比例（PPS）和系统随机抽样方法选择618个聚类。方法对近5年内生育的4649名妇女进行了人口横断面研究。采用标准化的结构化问卷对受访者进行访谈，采用分层随机抽样的方式获取样本。因此，在IBM SPSS version 21中对数据进行双变量分析和逻辑回归，以确定CS交付的患病率，相关性和决定因素，p值为0.005。结果本研究中发现的CS患病率为20.1%，高于推荐的全球基准范围（10% - 15%）。年龄、教育程度、财富指数、宗教、胎次、双胞胎状况、获得医疗保健的机会、自我报告的健康状况和地区显著决定了剖腹产分娩的可能性。结论加纳剖宫产率已上升至20.1%，反映了特权群体的过度使用和弱势群体的使用不足。通过有针对性的、以证据为基础的干预措施来解决这些差异，对于确保公平和医学上适当的CS提供至关重要。
{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Caesarean Section Deliveries in Ghana: A Population-Based Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Christiana Lokko, Jonathan Sackey, E.A. Aboagye","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study examines the prevalence and determinants of CS deliveries in Ghana, with a focus on institutional, health-related, and contextual factors.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Stratified two-stage cluster design, selecting 618 clusters using probability proportional to size (PPS) and systematic random sampling.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 4649 women who had given birth within the past five years. The respondents were interviewed using a standardised structured questionnaire and samples were obtained through stratified random sampling. Therefore, bivariate analysis and logistic regression were applied to the data in IBM SPSS version 21 to ascertain the prevalence, association and determinants of CS delivery at a p-value of 0.005.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of CS found in this current study is 20.1 %, which is higher than the recommended global benchmark range (10 %–15 %). Age, educational level, wealth index, religion, parity, twin status, access to healthcare, self-reported health status, and region significantly determined the likelihood of caesarean section delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The caesarean section rate in Ghana has risen to 20.1 %, reflecting both overuse among privileged groups and underuse among disadvantaged populations. Addressing these disparities with targeted, evidence-based interventions is crucial to ensure equitable and medically appropriate CS delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100678"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100680
Greta Lozano-Ortega , Sarah E. Walker , Simone Crespi , Emilia Kourmaeva , Vanessa Perez Patel
Objectives
Medicaid reimbursement for long-acting reversible contraceptives provisioned immediately postpartum (IPP-LARC) has historically been included as part of the diagnosis-related group (DRG) fee for delivery. To rectify this financial disincentive, policies to reimburse hospitals for IPP-LARC, supplemental to the DRG fee, were implemented. This review synthesizes the impact of these policies.
Study design
Systematic literature review.
Methods
A search in Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL was executed on November 21, 2022. Impacts on uptake of IPP-LARC, short-interval pregnancy, and author conclusions were synthesized.
Results
Twenty studies reporting on Medicaid reimbursement policies across 15 states were included. The average age of women across study populations ranged from 22.2 to 31.0 years; populations were racially, and ethnically diverse; primarily urban hospitals were included. Sixteen studies reported on uptake and 7 studies reported on birth outcomes. Statistically significant increases in uptake after policy implementation were reported in 9 studies across Delaware, Georgia, New York, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Washington, Louisiana, Missouri, and South Carolina. Policy implementation in South Carolina and Ohio resulted in significantly lower rates of short-interval pregnancy, as reported in 6 studies. Smaller, rural, and religiously affiliated hospitals were significantly less likely to leverage Medicaid policies for IPP-LARC. Key determinants of increased uptake were provider champion advocacy, co-interventions for training hospital staff, and relieving the up-front financial burden associated with stocking LARCs.
Conclusions
Medicaid reimbursement policies targeting IPP-LARC access are associated with increased adoption and reduced short-interval pregnancy. Co-interventions supporting hospitals and individuals who are immediately postpartum would further facilitate IPP-LARC access.
{"title":"Medicaid reimbursement policies for long-acting reversible contraceptives immediately postpartum: A systematic literature review","authors":"Greta Lozano-Ortega , Sarah E. Walker , Simone Crespi , Emilia Kourmaeva , Vanessa Perez Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Medicaid reimbursement for long-acting reversible contraceptives provisioned immediately postpartum (IPP-LARC) has historically been included as part of the diagnosis-related group (DRG) fee for delivery. To rectify this financial disincentive, policies to reimburse hospitals for IPP-LARC, supplemental to the DRG fee, were implemented. This review synthesizes the impact of these policies.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Systematic literature review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A search in Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL was executed on November 21, 2022. Impacts on uptake of IPP-LARC, short-interval pregnancy, and author conclusions were synthesized.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty studies reporting on Medicaid reimbursement policies across 15 states were included. The average age of women across study populations ranged from 22.2 to 31.0 years; populations were racially, and ethnically diverse; primarily urban hospitals were included. Sixteen studies reported on uptake and 7 studies reported on birth outcomes. Statistically significant increases in uptake after policy implementation were reported in 9 studies across Delaware, Georgia, New York, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Washington, Louisiana, Missouri, and South Carolina. Policy implementation in South Carolina and Ohio resulted in significantly lower rates of short-interval pregnancy, as reported in 6 studies. Smaller, rural, and religiously affiliated hospitals were significantly less likely to leverage Medicaid policies for IPP-LARC. Key determinants of increased uptake were provider champion advocacy, co-interventions for training hospital staff, and relieving the up-front financial burden associated with stocking LARCs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Medicaid reimbursement policies targeting IPP-LARC access are associated with increased adoption and reduced short-interval pregnancy. Co-interventions supporting hospitals and individuals who are immediately postpartum would further facilitate IPP-LARC access.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection and a leading cause of cervical cancer. In Georgia, cervical cancer ranks as the fifth most common cancer among women, with approximately 330 new cases and 200 deaths reported annually. Despite the availability of effective HPV vaccines, national vaccination coverage remains low. This study aimed to evaluate HPV vaccination coverage, analyze cervical cancer incidence trends, and model the potential impact of increased vaccination uptake on cancer prevention outcomes in Georgia.
Study design
A retrospective observational study was conducted using national health registry data and modeling projections to assess the burden of cervical cancer and estimate the effect of scaled vaccination coverage.
Methods
National health databases were used to analyze HPV vaccination rates and cervical cancer incidence. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and linear regression were applied to identify trends and disparities. Additionally, a dynamic transmission model was developed to simulate the 10-year impact of increasing HPV vaccination coverage on cervical cancer incidence.
Results
The crude cervical cancer incidence rate was 15.7 per 100,000 women, with an age-standardized rate of 10.6 per 100,000. In 2022, only 38 % of eligible girls aged 13–18 received the first HPV vaccine dose, and 26 % completed the second dose. Regional disparities in vaccination and screening were noted, and overall screening coverage declined to 13,890 women screened in 2022. Modeling showed that increasing vaccine coverage to 60 % could reduce cervical cancer incidence by 50 % (preventing ∼163 cases); coverage of 80 % and 90 % could reduce incidence by 70 % and 85 %, preventing 228 and 276 cases, respectively.
Conclusion
Low HPV vaccination uptake in Georgia (38 % first dose and 26 % dull coverage) and declining screening limit cervical cancer prevention. Modeling shows that increasing vaccination coverage to 60–90 % could prevent 163–276 cases over the next decade. Strengthening vaccination and screening strategies is essential to move forward elimination.
{"title":"Strategic implementation of HPV vaccination to eliminate cervical cancer in Georgia","authors":"Irakli Khuntsaria , Konstantine Gachechiladze , Elene Liparta , Tamar Kobulashvili , Mariam Jorbenadze , Tamaz Revazishvili , Ana Mamiseishvili , Elene Kekelia , Marina Topuridze , Lela Sturua , Thomas Schrader , Ekaterina Kldiashvili","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection and a leading cause of cervical cancer. In Georgia, cervical cancer ranks as the fifth most common cancer among women, with approximately 330 new cases and 200 deaths reported annually. Despite the availability of effective HPV vaccines, national vaccination coverage remains low. This study aimed to evaluate HPV vaccination coverage, analyze cervical cancer incidence trends, and model the potential impact of increased vaccination uptake on cancer prevention outcomes in Georgia.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A retrospective observational study was conducted using national health registry data and modeling projections to assess the burden of cervical cancer and estimate the effect of scaled vaccination coverage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>National health databases were used to analyze HPV vaccination rates and cervical cancer incidence. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and linear regression were applied to identify trends and disparities. Additionally, a dynamic transmission model was developed to simulate the 10-year impact of increasing HPV vaccination coverage on cervical cancer incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The crude cervical cancer incidence rate was 15.7 per 100,000 women, with an age-standardized rate of 10.6 per 100,000. In 2022, only 38 % of eligible girls aged 13–18 received the first HPV vaccine dose, and 26 % completed the second dose. Regional disparities in vaccination and screening were noted, and overall screening coverage declined to 13,890 women screened in 2022. Modeling showed that increasing vaccine coverage to 60 % could reduce cervical cancer incidence by 50 % (preventing ∼163 cases); coverage of 80 % and 90 % could reduce incidence by 70 % and 85 %, preventing 228 and 276 cases, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Low HPV vaccination uptake in Georgia (38 % first dose and 26 % dull coverage) and declining screening limit cervical cancer prevention. Modeling shows that increasing vaccination coverage to 60–90 % could prevent 163–276 cases over the next decade. Strengthening vaccination and screening strategies is essential to move forward elimination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100677
Abram L. Wagner , Marie Jacobson , Renie Cuyno Mellen , Widia Adiratna , Emily Treleaven , Aditya L. Ramadona , Retna Siwi Padmawati , Yayi Suryo Prabandari
Objective
This study examines the relationship between gotong royong participation and COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Study design
Cross-sectional survey.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 804 adults across rural and urban subdistricts in Yogyakarta province. The survey assessed COVID-19 vaccination status, engagement in gotong royong activities, and demographic, experiential, and normative factors related to vaccination. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify associations between gotong royong involvement and vaccination outcomes.
Results
Participation in gotong royong was reported by 44.3 % of respondents, with the most common activity being support and assistance (39.2 %). Among all participants, 10.8 % were unvaccinated, 43.9 % completed the primary series, and 41.8 % had received a booster dose. Individuals involved in gotong royong were less likely to be unvaccinated (5.3 % vs. 15.2 %) and, in multivariable analysis, had significantly higher odds of receiving at least one vaccine dose (OR: 3.41; 95 % CI: 1.78–6.54). They were also more likely to report community encouragement for vaccination, including from religious leaders (55.6 % vs. 40.2 %, P < 0.0001) and peers (83.7 % vs. 77.0 %, P = 0.0027).
Conclusions
These findings highlight the importance of aligning vaccination campaigns with culturally embedded social structures. Leveraging communal values and trusted local actors may enhance vaccine uptake in collectivist settings and inform broader strategies for routine immunization and pandemic preparedness.
{"title":"Gotong royong and COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia: Linking communal values to collective immunity","authors":"Abram L. Wagner , Marie Jacobson , Renie Cuyno Mellen , Widia Adiratna , Emily Treleaven , Aditya L. Ramadona , Retna Siwi Padmawati , Yayi Suryo Prabandari","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examines the relationship between gotong royong participation and COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional survey.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 804 adults across rural and urban subdistricts in Yogyakarta province. The survey assessed COVID-19 vaccination status, engagement in gotong royong activities, and demographic, experiential, and normative factors related to vaccination. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify associations between gotong royong involvement and vaccination outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participation in <em>gotong royong</em> was reported by 44.3 % of respondents, with the most common activity being support and assistance (39.2 %). Among all participants, 10.8 % were unvaccinated, 43.9 % completed the primary series, and 41.8 % had received a booster dose. Individuals involved in gotong royong were less likely to be unvaccinated (5.3 % vs. 15.2 %) and, in multivariable analysis, had significantly higher odds of receiving at least one vaccine dose (OR: 3.41; 95 % CI: 1.78–6.54). They were also more likely to report community encouragement for vaccination, including from religious leaders (55.6 % vs. 40.2 %, P < 0.0001) and peers (83.7 % vs. 77.0 %, P = 0.0027).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings highlight the importance of aligning vaccination campaigns with culturally embedded social structures. Leveraging communal values and trusted local actors may enhance vaccine uptake in collectivist settings and inform broader strategies for routine immunization and pandemic preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100669
John Patrick C. Toledo
Objective
To explore implementation issues and user experiences while evaluating the effect of HIV self-testing (HIVST) on diagnosis rates among vulnerable populations in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Study design & methods
The adoption of HIVST and its perceived effectiveness were investigated by a cross-sectional analysis. The study assessed HIVST-related procedural errors and knowledge gaps while concentrating on key populations, such as sex workers, non-heterosexual people, and those who are jailed.
Results
According to the study, there were notable user errors and knowledge gaps about the HIV window period, even though HIVST was generally thought to be acceptable and simple to use. Persistent discrimination and stigma also served as significant obstacles, impeding successful utilization and uptake.
Conclusion
According to the results, HIVST has a lot of potential to increase diagnoses, but it also calls for coordinated interventions. To get beyond implementation obstacles and eventually lower HIV transmission, these programs must incorporate HIVST distribution with focused education, counseling, and a strong linkage-to-care. For comparable public health situations, like those in the Philippines, this strategy is quite pertinent.
{"title":"Overcoming barriers in HIV testing: Impact and challenges of HIV self-testing in Brazil's high-risk populations","authors":"John Patrick C. Toledo","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore implementation issues and user experiences while evaluating the effect of HIV self-testing (HIVST) on diagnosis rates among vulnerable populations in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Study design & methods</h3><div>The adoption of HIVST and its perceived effectiveness were investigated by a cross-sectional analysis. The study assessed HIVST-related procedural errors and knowledge gaps while concentrating on key populations, such as sex workers, non-heterosexual people, and those who are jailed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>According to the study, there were notable user errors and knowledge gaps about the HIV window period, even though HIVST was generally thought to be acceptable and simple to use. Persistent discrimination and stigma also served as significant obstacles, impeding successful utilization and uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>According to the results, HIVST has a lot of potential to increase diagnoses, but it also calls for coordinated interventions. To get beyond implementation obstacles and eventually lower HIV transmission, these programs must incorporate HIVST distribution with focused education, counseling, and a strong linkage-to-care. For comparable public health situations, like those in the Philippines, this strategy is quite pertinent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100674
Takako Kanayasu , Hideki Murasawa
Objectives
Obesity is a global health problem owing to its association with various diseases, in turn requiring various treatment modalities, including expensive drugs and surgeries. In Japan, the obese population is relatively small, thus the impact of the disease is considered to be smaller than that in other countries. However, the impact of obesity and various comorbidities on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Japan remains clear.
Methods
A cross-sectional (web-based) survey targeting individuals with obesity in Japan was conducted in this study. The survey employed two kinds of HRQOL questionnaires: the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and EuroQoL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D). HRQOL scores were calculated for each body mass index category normal weight, and obese 1–3, classes. The effects of obesity and comorbidities on HRQOL were examined using a mediation analysis.
Results
Of the survey respondents, 4279 individuals meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the analysis. HRQOL scores generally showed an inverse U-shaped curve peaking at obese l, over weight. Although comorbidities significantly influenced HRQOL decline, obese 2 or higher demonstrated a significant direct effect on HRQOL.
Conclusion
While some findings of this study differ from conventional views in Japan and other countries, the impact of obesity on HRQOL may be consistent with findings in other countries when the mediating effects through comorbidities are considered.
{"title":"Obesity effects on the health-related quality of life in Japan: Implications from a cross-sectional study","authors":"Takako Kanayasu , Hideki Murasawa","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Obesity is a global health problem owing to its association with various diseases, in turn requiring various treatment modalities, including expensive drugs and surgeries. In Japan, the obese population is relatively small, thus the impact of the disease is considered to be smaller than that in other countries. However, the impact of obesity and various comorbidities on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Japan remains clear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional (web-based) survey targeting individuals with obesity in Japan was conducted in this study. The survey employed two kinds of HRQOL questionnaires: the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and EuroQoL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D). HRQOL scores were calculated for each body mass index category normal weight, and obese 1–3, classes. The effects of obesity and comorbidities on HRQOL were examined using a mediation analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the survey respondents, 4279 individuals meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the analysis. HRQOL scores generally showed an inverse U-shaped curve peaking at obese l, over weight. Although comorbidities significantly influenced HRQOL decline, obese 2 or higher demonstrated a significant direct effect on HRQOL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While some findings of this study differ from conventional views in Japan and other countries, the impact of obesity on HRQOL may be consistent with findings in other countries when the mediating effects through comorbidities are considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100670
Deborah Wallace
Objectives
New York City, like many global cities, suffers from an ever-intensifying housing famine, especially of low-cost rental units, which has led to steeply rising rents and housing code violations. The purpose of this study is to explore whether rent affects public health patterns over the Bronx and Manhattan.
Study design
Median rent was regressed against public health indicators by borough 2005–2021.
Data and methods
Bronx and Manhattan annual birth rates, rates of low-weight births, obesity prevalence, and mortality rates from drug overdose, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, and diabetes were acquired from the NYC Department of Health. Annual median rent for each borough was acquired from the American Community Survey. Bivariate and multivariate regressions revealed the associations.
Results
Both boroughs’ birth rates and obesity prevalence associated strongly with median rent, negatively for birth rate, positively for obesity prevalence. Rates of Bronx low-weight births, of Bronx and Manhattan drug deaths, and of Bronx cerebrovascular deaths declined in the early years but came to a threshold and rose. The threshold year-2021 rates associated strongly with annual median rents for those years. Rates of heart disease and diabetes mortalities showed a threshold effect, but plateaued, not rising.
Conclusion
Median rent behaved like a toxic chemical, eliciting defined patterns of public health degradation. The mix of responses to median rent mimic public health responses to the heavy metal lead: some without and some with a threshold. Toxic chemicals are regulated. Rent should be also.
{"title":"Rent as a toxic exposure: The Bronx and Manhattan","authors":"Deborah Wallace","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>New York City, like many global cities, suffers from an ever-intensifying housing famine, especially of low-cost rental units, which has led to steeply rising rents and housing code violations. The purpose of this study is to explore whether rent affects public health patterns over the Bronx and Manhattan.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Median rent was regressed against public health indicators by borough 2005–2021.</div></div><div><h3>Data and methods</h3><div>Bronx and Manhattan annual birth rates, rates of low-weight births, obesity prevalence, and mortality rates from drug overdose, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, and diabetes were acquired from the NYC Department of Health. Annual median rent for each borough was acquired from the American Community Survey. Bivariate and multivariate regressions revealed the associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both boroughs’ birth rates and obesity prevalence associated strongly with median rent, negatively for birth rate, positively for obesity prevalence. Rates of Bronx low-weight births, of Bronx and Manhattan drug deaths, and of Bronx cerebrovascular deaths declined in the early years but came to a threshold and rose. The threshold year-2021 rates associated strongly with annual median rents for those years. Rates of heart disease and diabetes mortalities showed a threshold effect, but plateaued, not rising.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Median rent behaved like a toxic chemical, eliciting defined patterns of public health degradation. The mix of responses to median rent mimic public health responses to the heavy metal lead: some without and some with a threshold. Toxic chemicals are regulated. Rent should be also.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100675
S.E. Perrett , M. Backx , E. Lewandowski , R. Lightburn , S. Roberts , T. Rooke , G. Ahern , B.J. Gray
Objectives
Chest X-ray (CXR) is recommended by the World Health Organization as a TB screening tool on admission to prison. We piloted the offer of CXR on admission to prison to understand if it was acceptable to residents, feasible to deliver within 48 h of admission, and to inform TB epidemiology.
Study design
Cross-sectional.
Methods
Between 1 September 2023 and 31 March 2024, CXRs were offered to new prison admissions. We measured the numbers accepting, numbers completed and the results. For each person accepting the CXR we undertook an assessment of clinical and social TB risks. We measured the time taken to deliver the CXR and receive results.
Results
CXR was acceptable to those in prison with 61.0 % (n = 310) of new admissions accepting the offer. Of those accepting the offer, 226 (72.9 %) went on to receive a CXR, equating to 44.5 % of all new arrivals within the pilot period. A quarter of those accepting the CXR offer did not attend their first appointment and needed further appointment offers. We observed that as the number of rearranged appointments increased the number of men attending decreased. The total median number of days from arrival at the prison to completion of CXR was 17 [IQR 13–20 days]. We did not identify any respiratory TB, however nine (4.0 %) CXRs were abnormal.
Conclusions
CXR screening was acceptable to prison residents but we could not achieve delivery within 48 h of arrival to prison. We identified other respiratory abnormalities suggesting CXR screening could be used as a wider respiratory health screen of which TB would be included.
{"title":"Using chest X-ray to screen for Tuberculosis on arrival to prison: A service evaluation","authors":"S.E. Perrett , M. Backx , E. Lewandowski , R. Lightburn , S. Roberts , T. Rooke , G. Ahern , B.J. Gray","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Chest X-ray (CXR) is recommended by the World Health Organization as a TB screening tool on admission to prison. We piloted the offer of CXR on admission to prison to understand if it was acceptable to residents, feasible to deliver within 48 h of admission, and to inform TB epidemiology.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Cross-sectional.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between 1 September 2023 and 31 March 2024, CXRs were offered to new prison admissions. We measured the numbers accepting, numbers completed and the results. For each person accepting the CXR we undertook an assessment of clinical and social TB risks. We measured the time taken to deliver the CXR and receive results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CXR was acceptable to those in prison with 61.0 % (n = 310) of new admissions accepting the offer. Of those accepting the offer, 226 (72.9 %) went on to receive a CXR, equating to 44.5 % of all new arrivals within the pilot period. A quarter of those accepting the CXR offer did not attend their first appointment and needed further appointment offers. We observed that as the number of rearranged appointments increased the number of men attending decreased. The total median number of days from arrival at the prison to completion of CXR was 17 [IQR 13–20 days]. We did not identify any respiratory TB, however nine (4.0 %) CXRs were abnormal.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CXR screening was acceptable to prison residents but we could not achieve delivery within 48 h of arrival to prison. We identified other respiratory abnormalities suggesting CXR screening could be used as a wider respiratory health screen of which TB would be included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100672
Wolfgang Messner, Julia Sojka
Objective
The study evaluates how children's information needs about COVID-19 during the pandemic were met through various channels, including family, peers, teachers, social media, and news outlets. By examining differences across countries, the research aims to be informative for public health practitioners involved in managing and delivering public health services during an emergency.
Study design
Utilizing data from the International Survey of Children's Well-Being (ISCWeB), the study analyzes responses from 25,184 children in urban schools across 22 countries. It explores the impact of different information sources on children's well-being.
Methods
Separately for each country and at the individual level of analysis, the study regresses variables related to COVID-19 information sources, support structures, information processing, demographics, online access, and first-hand pandemic experiences on children's subjective well-being. A structural interaction matrix assesses the combined effects of the information sources, while elastic net regression is employed to enhance interpretability and contain multicollinearity issues.
Results
The impact of various information sources on children's well-being varied significantly by country. Family and teachers were identified as the most positively influential sources across countries, while the effects of peers, social media, and news were more mixed.
Conclusion
The findings offer actionable insights for public health practitioners, underscoring the importance of choosing appropriate channels for delivering information to children based on their cultural contexts. Family and teachers are identified as key influencers across different countries.
{"title":"Family and teachers lead the way: How different information sources about COVID-19 influenced children's well-being during the pandemic","authors":"Wolfgang Messner, Julia Sojka","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study evaluates how children's information needs about COVID-19 during the pandemic were met through various channels, including family, peers, teachers, social media, and news outlets. By examining differences across countries, the research aims to be informative for public health practitioners involved in managing and delivering public health services during an emergency.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Utilizing data from the International Survey of Children's Well-Being (ISCWeB), the study analyzes responses from 25,184 children in urban schools across 22 countries. It explores the impact of different information sources on children's well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Separately for each country and at the individual level of analysis, the study regresses variables related to COVID-19 information sources, support structures, information processing, demographics, online access, and first-hand pandemic experiences on children's subjective well-being. A structural interaction matrix assesses the combined effects of the information sources, while elastic net regression is employed to enhance interpretability and contain multicollinearity issues.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The impact of various information sources on children's well-being varied significantly by country. Family and teachers were identified as the most positively influential sources across countries, while the effects of peers, social media, and news were more mixed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings offer actionable insights for public health practitioners, underscoring the importance of choosing appropriate channels for delivering information to children based on their cultural contexts. Family and teachers are identified as key influencers across different countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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