Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100547
Indigo Starkey, Philip Satherley, John Ford, Michelle Black
{"title":"To improve the health of the nation we need a wealth of people doing public health","authors":"Indigo Starkey, Philip Satherley, John Ford, Michelle Black","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100547","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000843/pdfft?md5=b290462cc231406d2c9302f8f9ec16ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000843-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142075871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100538
Gill Hubbard , Diane Dixon , Marie Johnston , Chantal den Daas
Objectives
To investigate the relationship between long-term condition (LTC) status and adherence to protective behaviours against infectious disease (face covering, physical distancing, hand hygiene).
Study design
Representative cross-sectional observational survey in summer 2020 in Scotland.
Methods
Independent variable is LTC status (LTC, disability, no LTC); dependent variable is adherence to protective behaviours (face covering, hand hygiene, social distancing); moderator variables are age, gender and area deprivation; mediator variables are perceived threat and psychological distress. P values of p < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant.
Results
3972 participants of whom 2696 (67.9 %) indicated not having a LTC. People with no LTC had lowest adherence to protective behaviours, perceived threat and psychological distress. Age did not moderate the relationship between LTC status and adherence; females were more adherent than males and this gender difference was greater in people with disability compared to people with no LTC; adherence was greater for people with a LTC in the more deprived areas compared to the least deprived areas whereas adherence in those with no LTC was not related to area deprivation; threat appraisal partially mediated the relationship between having a LTC or disability and adherence; psychological distress did not mediate the relationship between LTC status and adherence.
Conclusions
This study addresses a gap in evidence about protective behaviours of people with LTCs. Perceptions of threat may be useful intervention targets against winter flu and during future pandemics in order to protect people with LTCs who are one of the most vulnerable groups of the population.
{"title":"People with long-term conditions are more adherent to protective behaviours against infectious disease","authors":"Gill Hubbard , Diane Dixon , Marie Johnston , Chantal den Daas","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To investigate the relationship between long-term condition (LTC) status and adherence to protective behaviours against infectious disease (face covering, physical distancing, hand hygiene).</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Representative cross-sectional observational survey in summer 2020 in Scotland.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Independent variable is LTC status (LTC, disability, no LTC); dependent variable is adherence to protective behaviours (face covering, hand hygiene, social distancing); moderator variables are age, gender and area deprivation; mediator variables are perceived threat and psychological distress. P values of p < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>3972 participants of whom 2696 (67.9 %) indicated not having a LTC. People with no LTC had lowest adherence to protective behaviours, perceived threat and psychological distress. Age did not moderate the relationship between LTC status and adherence; females were more adherent than males and this gender difference was greater in people with disability compared to people with no LTC; adherence was greater for people with a LTC in the more deprived areas compared to the least deprived areas whereas adherence in those with no LTC was not related to area deprivation; threat appraisal partially mediated the relationship between having a LTC or disability and adherence; psychological distress did not mediate the relationship between LTC status and adherence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study addresses a gap in evidence about protective behaviours of people with LTCs. Perceptions of threat may be useful intervention targets against winter flu and during future pandemics in order to protect people with LTCs who are one of the most vulnerable groups of the population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000752/pdfft?md5=1800029dfebb1e45e69dde5b7e9edf5e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000752-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100537
A.H. Seuc , M. Mirabal-Sosa , Y. Garcia-Serrano , K. Alfonso-Sague , L. Fernandez-Gonzalez
Objective
To estimate the national and provincial number of excess deaths due to diabetes across Cuba in 2019.
Study design
Cross-sectional design with secondary data.
Methods
We used DISMODII, a computerized generic disease model, to assess disease burden by modelling the relationships between incidence, prevalence, and disease-specific mortality. Baseline input data included population structure, total mortality, and age- and sex-specific estimates for diabetes prevalence from the Cuban National Health Survey 2019, and available published estimates of the relative risk of death for people with diabetes compared to people without diabetes. The results were internally validated with DISMODII output for duration of diabetes (years).
Results
In 2019, we estimated an excess of mortality attributable to diabetes of 7.5 times the diabetes mortality reported by the National Death Registry, which is equivalent to 16.4 % of all deaths in Cuba. The percentages of all-cause mortality among provinces varied between 10.7 % in Villa Clara and 24.5 % in Ciego de Avila.
Conclusions
These are the first estimates of mortality attributable to diabetes in Cuba and its provinces. Diabetes is likely to be a much more prominent leading cause of death than the 9th ranking reported by the Cuban National Death Registry 2019. Disease models similar to DISMODII are important tools to validate the epidemiologic indicators used in the burden of disease calculations.
{"title":"Mortality attributable to diabetes in Cuba: Estimates for 2019","authors":"A.H. Seuc , M. Mirabal-Sosa , Y. Garcia-Serrano , K. Alfonso-Sague , L. Fernandez-Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To estimate the national and provincial number of excess deaths due to diabetes across Cuba in 2019.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Cross-sectional design with secondary data.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used DISMODII, a computerized generic disease model, to assess disease burden by modelling the relationships between incidence, prevalence, and disease-specific mortality. Baseline input data included population structure, total mortality, and age- and sex-specific estimates for diabetes prevalence from the Cuban National Health Survey 2019, and available published estimates of the relative risk of death for people with diabetes compared to people without diabetes. The results were internally validated with DISMODII output for duration of diabetes (years).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In 2019, we estimated an excess of mortality attributable to diabetes of 7.5 times the diabetes mortality reported by the National Death Registry, which is equivalent to 16.4 % of all deaths in Cuba. The percentages of all-cause mortality among provinces varied between 10.7 % in Villa Clara and 24.5 % in Ciego de Avila.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These are the first estimates of mortality attributable to diabetes in Cuba and its provinces. Diabetes is likely to be a much more prominent leading cause of death than the 9th ranking reported by the Cuban National Death Registry 2019. Disease models similar to DISMODII are important tools to validate the epidemiologic indicators used in the burden of disease calculations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000740/pdfft?md5=dab1d9093431bb2dd5ac561f6985e2a9&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000740-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142058484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100536
Rainer Reile , Renata Oja
Objectives
Excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to adverse health outcomes but is differentiated by socio-economic indicators. The study analyses the educational disparities in adults frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in Estonia and its temporal changes between 2006 and 2022.
Study design
Repeated cross-sectional survey.
Methods
Nationally representative data from 9 biennial cross-sectional surveys on 25–64-year-old Estonian residents (n = 20396) was used for the study. Changes in frequent (on 6–7 days per week) consumption of SSBs by study year, sex, age, and education is analysed using descriptive statistics and binomial logistic regression. Prevalence and odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) are presented focusing on temporal and educational patterns in frequent SSB consumption.
Results
The prevalence of frequent SSB consumption among Estonian adults declined consistently from 2006 (14.0 %) to 2018 (5.2 %), followed by statistically non-significant increases in 2020 (6.8 %) and 2022 (7.1 %). Prevalence of frequent SSB consumption was significantly (p < 0.01) higher among adults with primary or lower education (12.4 %) compared to tertiary education group (4.8 %). The educational differences in SSB consumption (12.4 % in primary or lower vs. 4.8 % in tertiary education) were nearly three-fold after adjusting for sex, age, and period effects (OR 2.84, 95 % CI 1.71–4.74) and have been consistent since 2010.
Conclusions
Although frequent consumption of SSBs has been generally decreasing among Estonian adults, the findings illustrate the persisting educational gradients in exposure that expectedly translates into socio-economic inequalities in adverse health outcomes resulting from excessive SSB consumption.
{"title":"Temporal changes and educational disparities in the frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among Estonian adults during 2006–2022","authors":"Rainer Reile , Renata Oja","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to adverse health outcomes but is differentiated by socio-economic indicators. The study analyses the educational disparities in adults frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in Estonia and its temporal changes between 2006 and 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Repeated cross-sectional survey.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nationally representative data from 9 biennial cross-sectional surveys on 25–64-year-old Estonian residents (n = 20396) was used for the study. Changes in frequent (on 6–7 days per week) consumption of SSBs by study year, sex, age, and education is analysed using descriptive statistics and binomial logistic regression. Prevalence and odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) are presented focusing on temporal and educational patterns in frequent SSB consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of frequent SSB consumption among Estonian adults declined consistently from 2006 (14.0 %) to 2018 (5.2 %), followed by statistically non-significant increases in 2020 (6.8 %) and 2022 (7.1 %). Prevalence of frequent SSB consumption was significantly (p < 0.01) higher among adults with primary or lower education (12.4 %) compared to tertiary education group (4.8 %). The educational differences in SSB consumption (12.4 % in primary or lower <em>vs.</em> 4.8 % in tertiary education) were nearly three-fold after adjusting for sex, age, and period effects (OR 2.84, 95 % CI 1.71–4.74) and have been consistent since 2010.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Although frequent consumption of SSBs has been generally decreasing among Estonian adults, the findings illustrate the persisting educational gradients in exposure that expectedly translates into socio-economic inequalities in adverse health outcomes resulting from excessive SSB consumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000739/pdfft?md5=f77e2d0b86d9935965289b118d0aea3c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000739-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142075876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100541
Mayanka Ambade , Rockli Kim , S.V. Subramanian
Background
Patient experiences have not been documented at all India level among older adults for inpatient and outpatient services. We provide all-India and sub national estimates on six domains of patient experience, namely: waiting time, respectful treatment, clarity of explanation provided, privacy during consultation, treated by provider of choice, and cleanliness of facility.
Methods
Unit records of adults aged 45 years and above for their inpatient (n = 4330) or outpatient (n = 33,724) service use were assessed from the Longitudinal Ageing Survey of India (LASI), conducted in 2017-18. We identified patient experience as negative if the respondent rated it as either “Bad” or “Very Bad” on a five-point Likert scale. We computed proportion of negative experience by socio-economic status, geographic location, and type of healthcare facilities. We used binary logistic regression to estimate predictors of negative patient experience, and a three-level logistic regression model to partition the total geographic variation of patient experiences.
Findings
Most individuals rated their experience in all six domains as “Good”. Negative experiences were higher among patients who used public facilities, specifically for waiting time and cleanliness of facility. Among inpatients, the higher-than-average negative experience was noted in the north and northwest, while among outpatients, it was higher in the northeast. The largest geographic variation in negative patient experience was attributable to the villages/CEBs for all domains in outpatient services and three domains of inpatient services, whereas states accounted for the other three inpatient domains.
Interpretation
Majority of older adults rated their experience of healthcare use positively, but less for public health facilities.
{"title":"Experience of health care utilization for inpatient and outpatient services among older adults in India","authors":"Mayanka Ambade , Rockli Kim , S.V. Subramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Patient experiences have not been documented at all India level among older adults for inpatient and outpatient services. We provide all-India and sub national estimates on six domains of patient experience, namely: waiting time, respectful treatment, clarity of explanation provided, privacy during consultation, treated by provider of choice, and cleanliness of facility.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Unit records of adults aged 45 years and above for their inpatient (n = 4330) or outpatient (n = 33,724) service use were assessed from the Longitudinal Ageing Survey of India (LASI), conducted in 2017-18. We identified patient experience as negative if the respondent rated it as either “Bad” or “Very Bad” on a five-point Likert scale. We computed proportion of negative experience by socio-economic status, geographic location, and type of healthcare facilities. We used binary logistic regression to estimate predictors of negative patient experience, and a three-level logistic regression model to partition the total geographic variation of patient experiences.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Most individuals rated their experience in all six domains as “Good”. Negative experiences were higher among patients who used public facilities, specifically for waiting time and cleanliness of facility. Among inpatients, the higher-than-average negative experience was noted in the north and northwest, while among outpatients, it was higher in the northeast. The largest geographic variation in negative patient experience was attributable to the villages/CEBs for all domains in outpatient services and three domains of inpatient services, whereas states accounted for the other three inpatient domains.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Majority of older adults rated their experience of healthcare use positively, but less for public health facilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000788/pdfft?md5=8227ac0b18ce5f57c3cb8b14a412d5c0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000788-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100535
D.S. Ong , P.V. Licciardi , K. Mulholland , L.A.H. Do
Background
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe complication associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical epidemiology of MIS-C is not completely understood in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to limited reporting, including in Asia where there was a substantial burden of COVID-19. We aimed to discuss the challenges of diagnosing MIS-C and factors which may cause children from Asian LMICs to have an increased risk of MIS-C.
Methods
Not applicable.
Results
The burden of MIS-C in Asian LMICs may be disproportionately high due to underlying risk factors, resource-limited health systems, and the increased infectivity and transmissibility of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants. Complex clinical features of MIS-C contributed to missed or delayed diagnosis and treatment, while underlying risk factors including ethnicity, chronic health conditions, and socioeconomic factors may have predisposed children in Asian LMICs to MIS-C.
Conclusions
There was a lack of data on the clinical epidemiology of MIS-C in Asian LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite reports of higher paediatric mortality rates compared to high-income countries. This highlights the need for LMICs to have strong surveillance systems to collect high-quality and timely data on newly emerging complications associated with a pandemic, such as MIS-C. This will lead to rapid understanding of these emerging complications, and inform clinical management, disease prevention and health system planning.
{"title":"An opportunity missed: Strengthening health system data on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children from low- and middle-income countries in Asia","authors":"D.S. Ong , P.V. Licciardi , K. Mulholland , L.A.H. Do","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe complication associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical epidemiology of MIS-C is not completely understood in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to limited reporting, including in Asia where there was a substantial burden of COVID-19. We aimed to discuss the challenges of diagnosing MIS-C and factors which may cause children from Asian LMICs to have an increased risk of MIS-C.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Not applicable.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The burden of MIS-C in Asian LMICs may be disproportionately high due to underlying risk factors, resource-limited health systems, and the increased infectivity and transmissibility of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants. Complex clinical features of MIS-C contributed to missed or delayed diagnosis and treatment, while underlying risk factors including ethnicity, chronic health conditions, and socioeconomic factors may have predisposed children in Asian LMICs to MIS-C.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There was a lack of data on the clinical epidemiology of MIS-C in Asian LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite reports of higher paediatric mortality rates compared to high-income countries. This highlights the need for LMICs to have strong surveillance systems to collect high-quality and timely data on newly emerging complications associated with a pandemic, such as MIS-C. This will lead to rapid understanding of these emerging complications, and inform clinical management, disease prevention and health system planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000727/pdfft?md5=82d8a6a413df0c354925d7c673a1222b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000727-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100534
Ross Arena , Nicolaas P. Pronk , Thomas E. Kottke , Anthony Arena , Colin Woodard
Objectives
There are numerous population health challenges confronting the United States (U.S.), including the unhealthy lifestyle – chronic disease pandemics. However, the impact of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and the increased prevalence of chronic diseases that result from them affect many facets of life outside of the health domain, and their scope remains under-appreciated. The current analysis contributes to addressing this knowledge gap by comparing the newly developed Lifestyle Health Index (LHI) to U.S. county-level voter turnout rates in the 2020 presidential election.
County-level data on the LHI, percent voter turnout, and the American Nations regional cultures model schematic was used in the current analysis.
Results
Pearson correlations between county-level LHI scores and sub scores and Democratic, Republican, and overall voter turnout were all statistically significant and of similar strength (r > 0.63, p < 0.001). All counties in the worst performing LHI quartile had a voter turnout <60 %. Higher LHIs were consistently assocaited with lower voter turnout across the regional cultures, although heterogeneity was evident across the American Nations.
Conclusions
A large percentage of the U.S. population is afflicted with poor health, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are a primary driver. Poor health does not occur in a vacuum and impacts many other facets of an individual's life. The current study further demonstrates the potential detrimental impact of poor health on civic engagement, specifically participation in the electoral process (i.e, citizens' health may influence voter turnout). Health care professionals and institutions in the U.S. should uniformly embrace the recent policy brief by the American College of Physicians on participation in the electoral process for patients receiving care. This paradigm shift has the potential to substantially improve voter turnout during U.S. elections.
{"title":"The relationship between the lifestyle health index and voter turnout during the 2020 United States presidential election in the context of regional cultures","authors":"Ross Arena , Nicolaas P. Pronk , Thomas E. Kottke , Anthony Arena , Colin Woodard","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>There are numerous population health challenges confronting the United States (U.S.), including the unhealthy lifestyle – chronic disease pandemics. However, the impact of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and the increased prevalence of chronic diseases that result from them affect many facets of life outside of the health domain, and their scope remains under-appreciated. The current analysis contributes to addressing this knowledge gap by comparing the newly developed Lifestyle Health Index (LHI) to U.S. county-level voter turnout rates in the 2020 presidential election.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>County-level data on the LHI, percent voter turnout, and the American Nations regional cultures model schematic was used in the current analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Pearson correlations between county-level LHI scores and sub scores and Democratic, Republican, and overall voter turnout were all statistically significant and of similar strength (<em>r</em> > 0.63, <em>p</em> < 0.001). All counties in the worst performing LHI quartile had a voter turnout <60 %. Higher LHIs were consistently assocaited with lower voter turnout across the regional cultures, although heterogeneity was evident across the American Nations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A large percentage of the U.S. population is afflicted with poor health, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are a primary driver. Poor health does not occur in a vacuum and impacts many other facets of an individual's life. The current study further demonstrates the potential detrimental impact of poor health on civic engagement, specifically participation in the electoral process (i.e, citizens' health may influence voter turnout). Health care professionals and institutions in the U.S. should uniformly embrace the recent policy brief by the American College of Physicians on participation in the electoral process for patients receiving care. This paradigm shift has the potential to substantially improve voter turnout during U.S. elections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000715/pdfft?md5=cda00469c5066e1bbac7931d1aca98ea&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000715-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100531
Bassil Bacare , Mallika L. Mendu
{"title":"The rising cost of applying to medical school — Lack of cost mitigation and trends in workforce diversity","authors":"Bassil Bacare , Mallika L. Mendu","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000685/pdfft?md5=2d47f06dd53ba062b4d4f19690dfc38a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000685-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141698272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100533
Amy Barnes , Kevin Brain , Fiona Phillips
Objective
To rapidly synthesise evidence for local practice on what initiatives UK European Capitals and Cities of Culture (UKEUCoCs) have implemented connecting cultural activities with green, blue, or outdoor space (culture-nature initiatives) and their impacts on planetary health outcomes: personal health and wellbeing, wider determinants of health particularly the environment, and existing inequality.
Study design
Rapid evidence review.
Methods
A rapid review of published articles and evaluation reports. Published articles were identified through database searches (Proquest, OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE) in January–February 2024. Data was extracted directly into a table and findings synthesised narratively by theme.
Results
Published evidence about UKEUCoC culture-nature initiatives was limited but five initiative types were identified: 1) growing-focused activities; 2) activities exploring human-nature relationships; 3) targeted nature-based wellbeing activities; 4) activities connecting cultural engagement with environmental activism; and 5) use of outdoor spaces for artworks, performances and festivals. UKEUCoC culture-nature initiatives may contribute to short-term improvements in mental health and wellbeing (confidence, self-esteem, subjective wellbeing), community health (community relations, civic pride), cultural participation, and local environmental quality and use, but risk widening existing inequalities. Co-creating initiatives at hyper-local levels with marginalised groups and trusted Community Champions, active involvement, and creating equitable access to livelihood opportunities may mitigate inequality risks.
Conclusions
Evidence is limited but suggests UKEUCoC culture-nature initiatives could positively support planetary health outcomes in the short-term. Equity in these outcomes appears to rely however, on action to ensure the involvement of and sustainable livelihood creation for marginalised groups. It is unclear how outcomes are generated across the initiative types identified, including through interactions between them, where they are implemented. The five initiative types identified in this work could be targeted for further investigation in research and practice on culture-nature initiatives for health more generally, using a complex systems approach to evaluation.
{"title":"Short communication: Five ways UK European Capitals and cities of culture have connected cultural activities with nature and their impacts on health and wellbeing, wider determinants of health and inequality","authors":"Amy Barnes , Kevin Brain , Fiona Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To rapidly synthesise evidence for local practice on what initiatives UK European Capitals and Cities of Culture (UKEUCoCs) have implemented connecting cultural activities with green, blue, or outdoor space (culture-nature initiatives) and their impacts on planetary health outcomes: personal health and wellbeing, wider determinants of health particularly the environment, and existing inequality.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Rapid evidence review.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A rapid review of published articles and evaluation reports. Published articles were identified through database searches (Proquest, OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE) in January–February 2024. Data was extracted directly into a table and findings synthesised narratively by theme.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Published evidence about UKEUCoC culture-nature initiatives was limited but five initiative types were identified: 1) growing-focused activities; 2) activities exploring human-nature relationships; 3) targeted nature-based wellbeing activities; 4) activities connecting cultural engagement with environmental activism; and 5) use of outdoor spaces for artworks, performances and festivals. UKEUCoC culture-nature initiatives may contribute to short-term improvements in mental health and wellbeing (confidence, self-esteem, subjective wellbeing), community health (community relations, civic pride), cultural participation, and local environmental quality and use, but risk widening existing inequalities. Co-creating initiatives at hyper-local levels with marginalised groups and trusted Community Champions, active involvement, and creating equitable access to livelihood opportunities may mitigate inequality risks.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Evidence is limited but suggests UKEUCoC culture-nature initiatives could positively support planetary health outcomes in the short-term. Equity in these outcomes appears to rely however, on action to ensure the involvement of and sustainable livelihood creation for marginalised groups. It is unclear how outcomes are generated across the initiative types identified, including through interactions between them, where they are implemented. The five initiative types identified in this work could be targeted for further investigation in research and practice on culture-nature initiatives for health more generally, using a complex systems approach to evaluation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000703/pdfft?md5=d2e40f0917975f02fc3cd55905319b3c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000703-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100530
Irene A. Agyepong , Emelia Agblevor , Selase Odopey , Selasie Addom , Nana Efua Enyimayew Afun , Mary Pomaa Agyekum , Paapa Yaw Asante , Grace Emmanuelle Aye , Natasha Darko , Aïssa Diarra , Ama Pokuaa Fenny , Annick Gladzah , Nassirou Ibrahim , Aline Kagambega , Lauren J. Wallace , Jacob Novignon , Maurice Yaogo , Roxane Borgès Da Sliva , Tim Ensor , Tolib Mirzoev
Objectives
A quarter of West Africa's population are adolescents 10–19 years. Their mental, sexual, and reproductive health is inter-related. We therefore aimed to examine published evidence on effectiveness of interventions for adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to inform development, implementation and de-implementation of policies and programs.
Study design
The study design was a scoping review.
Methods
We considered all qualitative and quantitative research designs that included adolescents 10–19 years in any type of intervention evaluation that included adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health. Outcomes were as defined by the researchers. PubMed/Medline, APA PsycINFO, CAIRN, and Google Scholar databases were searched for papers published between January 2000 and November 9, 2023.1526 English and French language papers were identified. After eliminating duplicates, screening abstracts and then full texts, 27 papers from studies in ECOWAS were included.
Results
Interventions represented three categories: service access, quality, and utilization; knowledge and information access and intersectionality and social determinants of adolescent health. Most studies were small-scale intervention research projects and interventions focused on sexual and reproductive or mental health individually rather than synergistically. The most common evaluation designs were quasi-experimental (13/27) followed by observational studies (8/27); randomized, and cluster randomized controlled trials (5/27), and one realist evaluation. The studies that evaluated policies and programs being implemented at scale used observational designs.
Conclusion
Research with robust evaluation designs on synergistic approaches to adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health policies, interventions, implementation and de-implementation is urgently needed to inform adolescent health policies and programs.
{"title":"Interventions for adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health in West Africa: A scoping review","authors":"Irene A. Agyepong , Emelia Agblevor , Selase Odopey , Selasie Addom , Nana Efua Enyimayew Afun , Mary Pomaa Agyekum , Paapa Yaw Asante , Grace Emmanuelle Aye , Natasha Darko , Aïssa Diarra , Ama Pokuaa Fenny , Annick Gladzah , Nassirou Ibrahim , Aline Kagambega , Lauren J. Wallace , Jacob Novignon , Maurice Yaogo , Roxane Borgès Da Sliva , Tim Ensor , Tolib Mirzoev","doi":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>A quarter of West Africa's population are adolescents 10–19 years. Their mental, sexual, and reproductive health is inter-related. We therefore aimed to examine published evidence on effectiveness of interventions for adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to inform development, implementation and de-implementation of policies and programs.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>The study design was a scoping review.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We considered all qualitative and quantitative research designs that included adolescents 10–19 years in any type of intervention evaluation that included adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health. Outcomes were as defined by the researchers. PubMed/Medline, APA PsycINFO, CAIRN, and Google Scholar databases were searched for papers published between January 2000 and November 9, 2023.1526 English and French language papers were identified. After eliminating duplicates, screening abstracts and then full texts, 27 papers from studies in ECOWAS were included.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Interventions represented three categories: service access, quality, and utilization; knowledge and information access and intersectionality and social determinants of adolescent health. Most studies were small-scale intervention research projects and interventions focused on sexual and reproductive or mental health individually rather than synergistically. The most common evaluation designs were quasi-experimental (13/27) followed by observational studies (8/27); randomized, and cluster randomized controlled trials (5/27), and one realist evaluation. The studies that evaluated policies and programs being implemented at scale used observational designs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Research with robust evaluation designs on synergistic approaches to adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health policies, interventions, implementation and de-implementation is urgently needed to inform adolescent health policies and programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34141,"journal":{"name":"Public Health in Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535224000673/pdfft?md5=ca2495aabed8770894154f755c275f4a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666535224000673-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141623617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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