Public Health in Practice最新文献_第2页

Lower-sodium, potassium-enriched salt substitution: An opportunity for improving blood pressure in Jamaica? 低钠富钾盐替代品：牙买加改善血压的机会？

IF 1.9 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health in Practice

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2026.100726

Jacqueline P. Duncan , Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid , Trevor S. Ferguson , Mary-Anne Land , Bruce Neal

引用次数: 0

Determinants of caregivers' acceptance of the malaria vaccine: The case of Bamenda and Bamenda III Health Districts in Cameroon 护理人员接受疟疾疫苗的决定因素：喀麦隆巴门达和巴门达第三卫生区案例

IF 1.9 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health in Practice

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2026.100724

Loveline Nzenria Aboki , Nfor Omarine Nlinwe , Calvin Bisong Ebai , Loveline Lum Niba , Mary Bi Suh Atanga

Objectives

Malaria continues to be a major health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, prompting the introduction of malaria vaccines such as RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix™) and R21/Matrix-M to reduce disease incidence. Understanding caregivers’ acceptance is critical for successful vaccine deployment. This study assessed factors influencing malaria vaccine acceptance among caregivers in Bamenda and Bamenda III Health Districts of Cameroon.

Study design

This was a cross-sectional survey conducted among 1000 caregivers of children aged five years and below, using a structured questionnaire.

Methods

Data on socio-demographics, perceptions, sources of information, and vaccine acceptance were collected. Associations between variables and vaccine acceptance were analyzed using Chi-square tests, with significant factors further explored through post-hoc analysis and odds ratios.

Results

Overall, 89.6 % of caregivers indicated their willingness to vaccinate their children. Significant factors associated with vaccine acceptability included source of information (community health events vs. social media, p = 0.037; OR = 1.663, 95 % CI: 1.032–2.68), individual perception (very rejecting vs. very accepting, p = 0.000; OR = 0.098, 95 % CI: 0.05–0 0.193), Sex (male vs. female, p = 0.028; OR = 0.704, 95 % CI: 0.515–0 0.963), religion (other religion vs. Christian, p = 0.001; OR = 0.386, 95 % CI: 0.224–0.663), occupation (NGO employed vs. self-employed, p = 0.045; OR = 2.92, 95 % CI: 1.024–8.327).

Conclusions

Most caregivers demonstrated high acceptance of the malaria vaccine, influenced by positive perceptions and trust in healthcare sources. However, misinformation and limited awareness remain barriers. To improve vaccine uptake, targeted health communication strategies should focus on enhancing information accuracy, engaging trusted health professionals, and leveraging mobile health tools. Strengthening community engagement and addressing misconceptions are essential to achieving higher vaccine coverage and advancing malaria control efforts, especially in the Bamenda and Bamenda III Health Districts.

疟疾仍然是撒哈拉以南非洲地区的主要健康负担，促使RTS、S/AS01 （Mosquirix™）和R21/Matrix-M等疟疾疫苗的引入，以降低疾病发病率。了解照顾者的接受程度对于疫苗的成功部署至关重要。本研究评估了喀麦隆巴门达和巴门达第三卫生区护理人员接受疟疾疫苗的影响因素。研究设计这是一项横断面调查，使用结构化问卷对1000名5岁及以下儿童的照顾者进行调查。方法收集社会人口统计学、认知、信息来源和疫苗接受度数据。使用卡方检验分析变量与疫苗接受度之间的关联，并通过事后分析和优势比进一步探索显著因素。结果89.6%的护理人员表示愿意为孩子接种疫苗。重要因素包括与疫苗相关的可接受性的信息来源(社区卫生事件与社会媒体,p = 0.037;或= 1.663,95%置信区间CI: 1.032 - -2.68),个人感觉(非常拒绝和接受,p = 0.000;或= 0.098,95% CI: 0.05 0 0.193),性别(男与女,p = 0.028;或= 0.704,95% CI: 0.515 0 0.963),宗教(其他宗教与基督教,p = 0.001;或= 0.386,95%置信区间CI: 0.224 - -0.663),占领(非政府组织工作和自由职业者,p = 0.045;Or = 2.92, 95% ci: 1.024-8.327)。结论大多数护理人员对疟疾疫苗的接受程度较高，这是受到对医疗保健来源的积极认知和信任的影响。然而，错误的信息和有限的认识仍然是障碍。为了提高疫苗的吸收率，有针对性的卫生传播战略应侧重于提高信息准确性，让值得信赖的卫生专业人员参与，并利用移动卫生工具。加强社区参与和消除误解对于实现更高的疫苗覆盖率和推进疟疾控制工作至关重要，特别是在巴门达和巴门达第三卫生区。

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引用次数: 0

Antibiotic knowledge among ethnic minority groups in high-income countries: A mixed–methods systematic review 高收入国家少数民族人群的抗生素知识：一项混合方法的系统评价

IF 1.9 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health in Practice

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100715

Luisa Silva , Mayuri Gogoi , Zainab Lal , Paul Bird , Nisha George , Daniel Pan , Rebecca F. Baggaley , Pip Divall , Holly Reilly , Laura Nellums , Manish Pareek

Objectives

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern. Although low-income countries are disproportionately affected by AMR, certain underserved groups in high-income countries (HICs), such as migrants and ethnic minorities, disproportionately bear the burden of AMR. This may be driven by socio-cultural factors including differences in health literacy. This review aimed to investigate the level of antibiotic knowledge amongst different ethnic minority groups in HICs.

Study design

This was a mixed-methods systematic literature review.

Methods

We searched four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, CINAHL) to May 5, 2023, for primary studies on knowledge of antibiotics in different ethnic groups in HICs. We included studies in English using qualitative, quantitative and/or mixed-methods approaches and reporting on antibiotic knowledge by ethnicity. We used the convergent integrated approach for data synthesis and the Mixed-Methods Appraisal tool for quality assessment.

Results

3935 articles were screened and 24 studies (17 quantitative, 5 qualitative, and 2 mixed-methods) were included, comprising 52778 participants from 8 countries (USA, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands, Greece, Sweden, Germany). Overall, participants from ethnic minority groups were able to identify common names of antibiotics and were aware of risks of antibiotics and side effects. However, participants thought antibiotics would treat viral-type illnesses. Ethnic minority groups generally had lower levels of knowledge compared to ethnic majority groups.

Conclusions

Although ethnic minority communities possessed good levels of knowledge on certain aspects of antibiotics (e.g. being able to identify names of antibiotics), there were gaps in other areas (e.g. misperception that antibiotics are used for viral infections). The lower level of knowledge in ethnic minority groups compared to majority groups may be a contributing factor to health inequalities, which calls for co-designed, culturally competent, educational interventions.

目的抗菌素耐药性（AMR）是一个主要的全球公共卫生问题。尽管低收入国家受到抗菌素耐药性的影响尤为严重，但高收入国家中某些服务不足的群体，如移民和少数民族，承受抗菌素耐药性的负担尤为严重。这可能是由社会文化因素造成的，包括卫生知识的差异。本综述旨在调查hic中不同少数民族人群的抗生素知识水平。研究设计这是一项混合方法的系统文献综述。方法检索MEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochrane library、CINAHL 4个数据库（截至2023年5月5日），收集不同种族HICs患者抗生素知识的初步研究。我们纳入了使用定性、定量和/或混合方法的英语研究，并按种族报告了抗生素知识。我们使用聚合集成方法进行数据合成，使用混合方法评估工具进行质量评估。结果共筛选3935篇文献，纳入24项研究（定量方法17项，定性方法5项，混合方法2项），包括来自8个国家（美国、英国、澳大利亚、新西兰、荷兰、希腊、瑞典、德国）的52778名受试者。总体而言，来自少数民族群体的参与者能够识别抗生素的常用名称，并意识到抗生素的风险和副作用。然而，参与者认为抗生素可以治疗病毒性疾病。与多数民族相比，少数民族的知识水平普遍较低。结论少数民族社区虽然对抗生素的某些方面（如能够识别抗生素的名称）具有良好的知识水平，但在其他方面（如对抗生素用于病毒感染的误解）存在差距。与多数群体相比，少数民族群体的知识水平较低，这可能是造成健康不平等的一个因素，因此需要共同设计、具有文化竞争力的教育干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Connecticut's substance use primary prevention resource assessment and interactive map initiative 康涅狄格州物质使用初级预防资源评估和互动地图倡议

IF 1.9 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health in Practice

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100721

Shayna D. Cunningham, Jennifer Sussman, Sydney Tabor, Alison Wiser, Megan A. O'Grady

Objectives

Connecticut consistently reports higher rates of alcohol and cannabis use than national averages. To inform equitable and data-driven prevention planning, this study assessed statewide substance use primary prevention resources and developed an interactive map to visualize and optimize prevention capacity across the state.

Study design

Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Methods

Surveys of Regional Behavioral Health Action Organizations (RBHAOs) and Local Prevention Councils (LPCs) assessed prevention strategies, funding sources, target populations, and implementation settings. Data were supplemented with web searches of public prevention resources and analyzed descriptively to identify geographic and community-type disparities. Findings informed the design of an interactive ArcGIS map to support planning and resource allocation.

Results

Data were collected from all five RBHAOs and 81 % of LPCs, representing 78 % of Connecticut towns. Most towns (92 %) received LPC prevention funding, and 77 % reported at least one additional funding source. The most common prevention strategies were information dissemination (85 %), education (80 %), and social marketing (64 %), primarily implemented in community and school settings. Rural and eastern regions reported fewer prevention resources and lower participation rates.

Conclusions

Connecticut's prevention infrastructure employs a comprehensive, multi-strategy approach but shows regional disparities in funding and strategy implementation. The interactive prevention map provides an actionable and adaptable framework for other jurisdictions to assess, visualize, and strengthen substance use prevention systems using standardized, data-driven approaches. Because many existing efforts rely heavily on educational and informational strategies, which alone have limited capacity to produce sustained, population-level change, expanding systems-level and environmental prevention strategies is important for long-term impact and equity.

康涅狄格州报告的酒精和大麻使用率一直高于全国平均水平。为了为公平和数据驱动的预防规划提供信息，本研究评估了全州物质使用初级预防资源，并开发了一个互动地图，以可视化和优化全州的预防能力。研究设计描述性横断面研究。方法对区域行为健康行动组织（RBHAOs）和地方预防委员会（LPCs）进行调查，评估预防策略、资金来源、目标人群和实施环境。数据补充了公共预防资源的网络搜索，并进行描述性分析，以确定地理和社区类型的差异。研究结果为交互式ArcGIS地图的设计提供了信息，以支持规划和资源分配。结果从所有五个rbhao和81%的lpc收集数据，代表康涅狄格州78%的城镇。大多数城镇（92%）获得了预防艾滋病的资金，77%的城镇报告至少有一个额外的资金来源。最常见的预防策略是信息传播（85%）、教育（80%）和社会营销（64%），主要在社区和学校环境中实施。农村和东部地区报告的预防资源较少，参与率较低。结论：康涅狄格州的预防基础设施采用了全面的、多战略的方法，但在资金和战略实施方面存在地区差异。互动式预防地图为其他司法管辖区提供了一个可操作和适应性强的框架，以便使用标准化的数据驱动方法评估、可视化和加强物质使用预防系统。由于许多现有的努力严重依赖教育和信息战略，而这些战略本身产生持续的人口一级变化的能力有限，因此扩大系统一级和环境预防战略对于长期影响和公平是重要的。

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引用次数: 0

Fifty shades of pregnancy warning labels on wine bottles: An observational study in France 酒瓶上怀孕警告标签的五十种色调：法国的一项观察性研究

IF 1.9 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health in Practice

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100714

Olivier Droulers , Sophie Lacoste-Badie

Introduction

In 2006, France passed a regulation requiring all alcoholic beverage bottles to carry a health warning aimed at pregnant women. The regulation stated that the pregnancy warning label (PWL) must appear on a contrasting background in a way that is visible, legible, clearly understandable, and indelible. It must not be concealed, obscured, or separated by any other text or image. The current study aims to assess whether current PWLs comply with the legal requirements.

Methods

Conducted between January and April 2025, the study is based on observations of PWLs displayed on alcoholic beverage bottles in supermarkets and wine shops across France.

Results

The study reveals widespread non-compliance with French regulations regarding PWLs on wine bottles. Common issues include inadequate label size, poor colour contrast, unclear designs, and placement that impairs visibility such as positioning the PWL at the edge of the label, on transparent backgrounds, or among competing logos and text.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the limitations of relying solely on general principles like visibility and legibility in health warning legislation. Effective implementation requires clear, detailed, and enforceable regulatory standards.

2006年，法国通过了一项规定，要求所有含酒精的饮料瓶上都印有针对孕妇的健康警告。该法规规定，怀孕警告标签（PWL）必须以可见、易读、清晰易懂和不可磨灭的方式出现在对比鲜明的背景上。它不得被任何其他文本或图像隐藏、模糊或分隔。本研究旨在评估现时的工务船是否符合法例规定。该研究于2025年1月至4月进行，基于对法国各地超市和葡萄酒商店中酒精饮料瓶上展示的pwl的观察。结果该研究揭示了普遍不遵守法国关于酒瓶上pwl的规定。常见的问题包括标签尺寸不足、颜色对比度差、设计不清晰，以及将PWL定位在标签边缘、透明背景或竞争的徽标和文本之间等影响可见性的位置。结论健康警示立法中单纯依靠可视性、易读性等一般原则的局限性。有效的实施需要清晰、详细和可执行的监管标准。

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引用次数: 0

Frameworks encompassing intersectional perspective of artificial intelligence in healthcare. Scoping review 包括医疗保健中人工智能交叉视角的框架。范围审查

IF 1.9 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health in Practice

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100713

Sua Amaya-Santos , Carlos Vargas , Clara Bermúdez-Tamayo

Objectives

This study systematically evaluates how existing AI frameworks in healthcare address intersectional bias across the AI lifecycle and explores the mitigation strategies proposed.

Study design

Scoping review.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted per PRISMA-ScR guidelines, analyzing studies from 2014 to 2024. Searches included MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), SCOPUS, ESCI, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. Data were extracted on bias-related challenges and mitigation strategies across AI lifecycle phases (development, validation, implementation, monitoring). Studies were ranked by inclusivity (high, medium, or low).

Results

Of 374 records, 43 studies met inclusion criteria, primarily from high-income countries. Gender/sex (51.2 %) and race/ethnicity (44.2 %) were the most addressed dimensions, while disability (14 %) and citizenship (9.3 %) were least addressed. Inclusivity was categorized as high (21 studies, 48.8 %), medium (23.2 %), or low (27.9 %). Overall, 14 biases and 21 mitigation strategies were identified.

Conclusions

Significant gaps remain in addressing intersectional biases in AI frameworks, particularly for underrepresented groups such as individuals with disabilities and non-citizens. Despite many frameworks demonstrating efforts toward inclusivity, attention to intersectionality remains uneven and largely inconsistent. Mapping biases to lifecycle phases highlights actionable strategies to improve equity and inclusivity in AI-driven healthcare. These findings provide valuable guidance for researchers, policymakers, and developers to create equitable and responsible AI systems.

本研究系统地评估了医疗保健领域现有的人工智能框架如何解决整个人工智能生命周期中的交叉偏差，并探讨了提出的缓解策略。研究设计范围审查。方法根据PRISMA-ScR指南进行范围综述，分析2014 - 2024年的研究。检索包括MEDLINE （Ovid）、PubMed、EMBASE （Ovid）、SCOPUS、ESCI、IEEE explore和谷歌Scholar。提取了人工智能生命周期各阶段（开发、验证、实施、监测）中与偏见相关的挑战和缓解战略的数据。研究按包容性（高、中、低）进行排名。结果在374项记录中，43项研究符合纳入标准，主要来自高收入国家。性别/性别（51.2%）和种族/民族（44.2%）是被提及最多的维度，而残疾（14%）和公民身份（9.3%）被提及最少。包容性分为高（21项研究，48.8%）、中（23.2%）和低（27.9%）。总体而言，确定了14种偏见和21种缓解策略。在解决人工智能框架中的交叉偏见方面仍然存在重大差距，特别是对于残疾人和非公民等代表性不足的群体。尽管许多框架展示了对包容性的努力，但对交叉性的关注仍然不平衡，而且在很大程度上不一致。将偏见映射到生命周期阶段突出了可操作的战略，以改善人工智能驱动的医疗保健中的公平性和包容性。这些发现为研究人员、政策制定者和开发人员创造公平和负责任的人工智能系统提供了宝贵的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Prescribing of high-cost targeted therapies in England is diverging by region 在英国，高成本的靶向治疗处方因地区而异

IF 1.9 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health in Practice

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100717

Julian Matthewman , Sinéad Langan , Reecha Sofat , James Galloway , Mark Russell

Objectives

To examine regional variation in the prescribing of targeted therapies for chronic inflammatory disorders in England between 2019 and 2025.

Study design

Retrospective observational study.

Methods

This study analysed Secondary Care Medicines Data from all NHS hospitals in England to evaluate time-trends in prescribing rates of targeted therapies by Integrated Care Board (ICB).

Results

Substantial and increasing regional variation in prescribing rates for targeted therapies was observed between 2019 and 2025. The disparity between the highest and lowest prescribing ICBs increased over time, with rates ranging from 2.0 to 6.5 per 1000 people in 2019 and 3.4 to 14.2 per 1000 people in 2025.

Conclusions

There is marked and growing regional variation in the prescribing of targeted therapies across England. Further research should explore the reasons for this divergence to ensure equitable access to these highly effective treatments for patients with chronic inflammatory disorders, irrespective of geography.

目的研究2019年至2025年英国慢性炎症性疾病靶向治疗处方的地区差异。研究设计回顾性观察性研究。方法本研究分析了英国所有NHS医院的二级保健药物数据，以评估综合护理委员会（ICB）的靶向治疗处方率的时间趋势。结果在2019年至2025年期间，观察到靶向治疗的处方率存在显著且不断增加的区域差异。最高和最低处方icb之间的差距随着时间的推移而扩大，2019年的比率为每1000人2.0至6.5,2025年为每1000人3.4至14.2。结论：在整个英格兰，靶向治疗的处方存在显著且日益增长的地区差异。进一步的研究应该探索这种差异的原因，以确保慢性炎症性疾病患者不分地域地公平获得这些高效治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring human milk donation: A cross-sectional study 探索母乳捐赠：一项横断面研究

IF 1.9 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health in Practice

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100716

Evy Present , Els Driessen , Yvonne Kuipers

Objective

To examine and describe the current practices and perspectives regarding human milk donation in Belgium.

Study design

A cross-sectional study was conducted, utilising an online survey distributed to women and their partners or co-parents.

Methods

Demographic and personal details and responses related to awareness, information resources, milk transfer, and donor-recipient and recipient-donor contact were obtained. We measured factors influencing the intention to donate and receive human milk (0–5 scale), attitudes toward human milk donation (1–4 scale) and donation practices (dichotomous responses). Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.

Results

The analysis included 873 respondents. A surplus (4.6 ± 1.0) or shortage (3.9 ± 1.7) of milk is the primary factor influencing the intention to donate or receive human milk, reported by 88 % and 78 % of respondents, respectively. Most donations (85.7 %) occur through social media (50 %) and personal networks (47.6 %). Key perspectives of milk donation include healthcare providers’ familiarity (3.7 ± 0.5), public awareness (3.6 ± 0.5), mandatory blood testing (3.5 ± 0.7), and donor screening (3.5 ± 0.6). Human milk banks are perceived as valuable resources (3.5 ± 0.6), while altruism (3.4 ± 0.6) is key to donating. There is broad support for making human milk accessible to all infants, not just those who are premature or ill (3.4 ± 0.6).

Conclusions

Personal attitudes and intentions shape informal, self-regulated milk donation. Healthcare providers should consider these perspectives when advising on milk donation practices.

目的研究和描述比利时人乳捐赠的现状和前景。研究设计进行了一项横断面研究，利用在线调查分发给女性及其伴侣或共同父母。方法获取调查对象的人口学和个人资料，以及相关的认知、信息资源、母乳输送、供体-受体和供体-受体联系情况。我们测量了影响捐赠和接受母乳意愿的因素（0-5分），对母乳捐赠的态度（1-4分）和捐赠行为（二分法回答）。采用描述性统计方法对数据进行分析。结果共纳入调查对象873人。88%和78%的受访者分别表示，母乳过剩（4.6±1.0）或短缺（3.9±1.7）是影响捐赠或接受母乳意愿的主要因素。大部分捐款（85.7%）是通过社交媒体（50%）和个人网络（47.6%）进行的。捐赠母乳的关键因素包括医疗保健提供者的熟悉度（3.7±0.5）、公众意识（3.6±0.5）、强制性血液检测（3.5±0.7）和捐赠者筛查（3.5±0.6）。母乳库被认为是有价值的资源（3.5±0.6），而利他主义（3.4±0.6）是捐赠的关键。广泛支持向所有婴儿提供母乳，而不仅仅是早产儿或患病婴儿（3.4±0.6）。结论个人的态度和意向决定了非正式的、自我调节的母乳捐赠。医疗保健提供者在建议母乳捐赠实践时应考虑这些观点。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive outside-of-school intervention to promote school attendance and achievement during the COVID-19 pandemic 在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间促进出勤率和学业成绩的综合校外干预措施

IF 1.9 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health in Practice

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100719

Emily M. D'Agostino , Raha Manyara , Tyler Erickson , Angel Chen , Ashley Peters , Ashley Blakemore , Elena Maina , Cynthia Vargas , Kanecia O. Zimmerman

Objectives

School absenteeism predicts poor academic achievement and long-term health inequities. Chronic absenteeism increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic, and both student attendance and achievement disparities widened. This study examined the association between participation in an intensive outside-of-school intervention, Student U, and school absenteeism, as well as changes in attendee academic performance during the pandemic.

Study design

Observational cohort study.

Methods

A simple linear regression model was performed testing the association between Student U attendance and schools absences. Paired t-tests and a global test for overall improvement using generalized estimating equations were performed to examine changes in pre- and post-test academic performance.

Results

The sample included 65 students (Hispanic/Latino, 56.9 %; Non-Hispanic Black/African American, 33.8 %; 80.0 % first-generation college-bound). For every day a 7th-grade student attended Student U, school absences decreased by 0.14 days (p = 0.02). Mean differences in overall improvement for 7th- and 10th-grade student test scores were 23.65 (95 % CI: 19.91, 27.39; p < 0.001) and 22.12 (95 % CI: 15.67, 28.58; p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the association between participation in Student U and lower school absenteeism, as well as improved academic performance across multiple subjects for underserved youth. Findings reinforce the potential for comprehensive and intensive outside-of-school programs to support underserved youth and mitigate inequities following pandemics and other public health emergencies.

目的学校缺勤预示着学习成绩差和长期健康不平等。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，长期缺勤率急剧上升，学生出勤率和成绩差距都扩大了。本研究调查了参与强化校外干预、学生U和学校缺勤之间的关系，以及大流行期间出席者学业成绩的变化。研究设计：观察性队列研究。方法采用简单线性回归模型检验学生出勤与缺勤之间的关系。使用广义估计方程进行配对t检验和总体改进的全球检验，以检查测试前和测试后学业成绩的变化。结果样本包括65名学生（西班牙裔/拉丁裔占56.9%；非西班牙裔黑人/非洲裔美国人占33.8%；第一代大学生占80.0%）。七年级学生每参加学生U一天，缺课天数减少0.14天（p = 0.02）。七年级和十年级学生考试成绩总体改善的平均差异分别为23.65 （95% CI: 19.91, 27.39; p < 0.001）和22.12 （95% CI: 15.67, 28.58; p < 0.001）。结论：我们证明了学生U的参与与较低的学校缺勤率之间的联系，以及缺勤青少年在多个科目上学习成绩的提高。研究结果表明，有可能开展全面和密集的校外项目，以支持得不到充分服务的青年，并缓解大流行和其他突发公共卫生事件后的不平等现象。

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引用次数: 0

Quality of life among tuberculosis patients in Lalitpur, Nepal: A cross-sectional study 尼泊尔拉利特普尔肺结核患者的生活质量：一项横断面研究

IF 1.9 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health in Practice

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100712

Rewati Raj Karki , Bhawani Katwal , Nirmal Sapkota , Amanuel Yosef , Nirmal Gautam

Objective

This study aimed to assess the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among Tuberculosis (TB) patients and investigate the association between HRQoL and its associated factors to inform patient-centred care.

Study design

Cross-Sectional study.

Methods

A structured questionnaire was employed to TB patients attending 23 Direct Observation Treatment System (DOTS) centres in the Lalitpur district. HRQoL was measured using the WHOQOL tool, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with poor HRQoL.

Results

The findings of this study revealed that chronic disease was significantly associated with poor psychological (adjOR = 0.07, 95 % CI: 0.03–0.14) and physical functioning scores (adjOR = 0.45, 95 % CI: 0.23–0.89). Being married enhanced physical functioning (adjOR = 2.12, 95 % CI: 1.19–3.79), while lower education levels negatively affected physical functioning (adjOR = 0.78, 95 % CI: 0.31–0.82).

Conclusions

Chronic comorbidities, MDR-TB, and socioeconomic disadvantage were key determinants of poor HRQoL among TB patients. Interventions addressing both clinical and sociodemographic factors such as integrated care for chronic disease, psychosocial support, and targeted social assistance may help improve quality of life and reduce disparities among patients with tuberculosis.

目的评价结核（TB）患者健康相关生活质量（HRQoL），探讨HRQoL与相关因素的关系，为以患者为中心的护理提供依据。研究设计横断面研究。方法对拉利特普尔地区23个直接观察治疗系统（DOTS）中心的结核病患者进行结构化问卷调查。采用WHOQOL工具测量HRQoL，并采用多因素logistic回归确定与HRQoL差相关的因素。结果慢性疾病与心理（adjOR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03-0.14）和身体功能评分差（adjOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23-0.89）显著相关。结婚增强了身体机能（adjOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.19-3.79），而较低的教育水平对身体机能有负面影响（adjOR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.31-0.82）。结论慢性合并症、耐多药结核病和社会经济劣势是结核病患者HRQoL较差的主要决定因素。针对临床和社会人口因素的干预措施，如慢性病综合护理、社会心理支持和有针对性的社会援助，可能有助于改善结核病患者的生活质量，缩小结核病患者之间的差距。

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