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Dimerized small molecule donor enables efficient ternary organic solar cells 二聚化小分子供体实现高效三元有机太阳能电池
IF 5.4 1区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100325
Mingrui Pu , Chunxian Ke , Yongwen Lang , Heng Li , Xiangyu Shen , Leilei Tian , Feng He

Ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) are the feasible and efficient strategy to achieve the high-performance OSCs. It is of great significance to develop a superior third component candidate for constructing efficient ternary OSCs. In this work, we intelligently designed and synthesized a dimerized small molecule donor by connecting two asymmetric small molecule donors with the vinyl group, which is named DSMD-βV. This innovative oligomeric molecule DSMD-βV not only exhibits the complementary absorption and the cascade energy level arrangement with PM6 and BTP-eC9, but also regulates the phase separation micromorphology based on PM6:BTP-eC9. Consequently, PM6:DSMD-βV:BTP-eC9 based ternary device exhibits the improved exciton dissociation, charge transport and decreased recombination, thus achieving a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.26 %, surpassing PM6:BTP-eC9 based binary (17.63 %). This work indicates that the dimerized small molecule donor is able to become a promising third component candidate, which also opens up a unique idea for the construction of efficient ternary organic solar cells.

三元有机太阳能电池(OSCs)是实现高性能 OSCs 的可行且高效的策略。为构建高效的三元有机太阳能电池,开发一种优异的候选第三组分具有重要意义。在这项工作中,我们通过将两个不对称的小分子供体用乙烯基连接起来,智能地设计并合成了一种二聚小分子供体,并将其命名为 DSMD-βV。这种创新的低聚分子 DSMD-βV 不仅与 PM6 和 BTP-eC9 具有互补吸收和级联能级排列,还能在 PM6:BTP-eC9 的基础上调节相分离微形态。因此,基于 PM6:DSMD-βV:BTP-eC9 的三元器件在激子解离、电荷传输和减少重组方面均有改善,从而实现了 18.26% 的优异功率转换效率(PCE),超过了基于 PM6:BTP-eC9 的二元器件(17.63%)。这项工作表明,二聚化小分子供体能够成为一种前景广阔的候选第三组分,这也为构建高效的三元有机太阳能电池开辟了一种独特的思路。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in the design, preparation and application of biomimetic damping materials 仿生阻尼材料的设计、制备和应用进展
IF 5.4 1区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100321
Xuefan Gu , Ling Wang , Xin Guan , Yilin Wang , Yilong Cheng , Youshen Wu

Biomimetic damping materials have emerged as promising candidates for various applications due to their ability to mimic the exceptional damping properties observed in biological systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the field of biomimetic damping gel materials. The conceptual framework of biomimetic damping materials is discussed, the synthesis methods inspired by biological principles are elucidated, and key considerations in material selection are highlighted. The latest research findings on the mechanical properties, biocompatibility and practical applications of these materials are synthesized and insights into the future directions of biomimetic damping gel materials are offered.

仿生阻尼材料能够模拟生物系统中观察到的特殊阻尼特性,因此已成为各种应用领域的理想候选材料。本综述全面概述了仿生物阻尼凝胶材料领域的最新进展。文章讨论了仿生物阻尼材料的概念框架,阐明了受生物原理启发的合成方法,并重点介绍了材料选择中的关键注意事项。综述了有关这些材料的机械性能、生物相容性和实际应用的最新研究成果,并对仿生物阻尼凝胶材料的未来发展方向提出了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Progress in biomaterials inspired by the extracellular matrix 受细胞外基质启发的生物材料研究进展
IF 5.4 1区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100323
Zhuolin Chen , Chengcheng Du , Senrui Liu, Jiacheng Liu, Yaji Yang, Lili Dong, Weikang Zhao, Wei Huang, Yiting Lei

Inspired by the extracellular matrix (ECM), biomaterials have emerged as promising strategies in the biomedical research and engineering domain, offering unique characteristics for tissue regeneration, drug delivery, therapeutic interventions, and cellular investigations. The ECM, a dynamic network structure secreted by various cells, primarily comprises diverse proteins capable of facilitating tissue-ECM signaling and regulatory functions through its rich array of bioactive substances and multi-level structural properties. Drawing inspiration from the intricate structure and biochemical composition of natural ECM, researchers have developed various biomaterials to encapsulate these features and create biomimetic microenvironments, such as electrospinning, hydrogels/hydrogel microspheres, decellularized ECM(dECM), and ECM-mimicking peptides. Furthermore, by mimicking the structural composition of ECM components, ECM-inspired biomaterials exhibit varying degrees of ECM functionalization, including providing structural support, cell adhesion, signal transduction, mitigating immune responses, and tissue remodeling. In summary, the advancements in ECM-inspired biomaterials offer significant promise in addressing key challenges in the fields of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery.

在细胞外基质(ECM)的启发下,生物材料已成为生物医学研究和工程领域前景广阔的战略,为组织再生、药物输送、治疗干预和细胞研究提供了独特的特性。ECM 是由各种细胞分泌的动态网络结构,主要由多种蛋白质组成,通过其丰富的生物活性物质和多层次的结构特性,能够促进组织-ECM 的信号传递和调节功能。研究人员从天然 ECM 的复杂结构和生化成分中汲取灵感,开发出各种生物材料来封装这些特征并创建仿生微环境,如电纺丝、水凝胶/水凝胶微球、脱细胞 ECM(dECM)和仿 ECM 肽。此外,通过模仿 ECM 成分的结构组成,受 ECM 启发的生物材料可实现不同程度的 ECM 功能化,包括提供结构支持、细胞粘附、信号转导、减轻免疫反应和组织重塑。总之,ECM 启发生物材料的进步为解决组织工程、再生医学和药物输送领域的关键挑战带来了巨大希望。
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引用次数: 0
Correlating crystallinity and performance in single-component organic solar cells based on double-cable conjugated polymers 基于双缆共轭聚合物的单组分有机太阳能电池的结晶度与性能相关性
IF 5.4 1区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100322
Zhou Zhang , Qiaomei Chen , Jing Wang , Chengyi Xiao , Zheng Tang , Christopher R. McNeill , Weiwei Li

The thin film morphology of double-cable conjugated polymers is critical to the performance of single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs). Here, we explore the effect of thin film crystallinity on device performance by varying the thermal annealing temperature used during device fabrication. Our investigations reveal that a moderate annealing temperature of 150 °C optimizes the power conversion efficiency in SCOSCs. Although higher annealing temperatures leads to increased crystalline order, a decrease in device performance is observed, attributed to imbalanced carrier transport and increased charge recombination. Additionally, the progressive decrease in the open-circuit voltage of these cells with increasing annealing temperature is linked to augmented non-radiative voltage losses, stemming from the increase in film crystallinity. This study underscores the critical necessity of achieving a delicate optimization of film microstructure in order to maximize the efficiency of SCOSCs, while also delineating prospective avenues for refining the molecular design and processing of double-cable polymers to bolster solar cell performance.

双电缆共轭聚合物的薄膜形态对于单组分有机太阳能电池 (SCOSC) 的性能至关重要。在此,我们通过改变器件制造过程中使用的热退火温度来探索薄膜结晶度对器件性能的影响。我们的研究发现,150 °C 的适度退火温度可优化 SCOSC 的功率转换效率。虽然较高的退火温度会导致晶体阶数增加,但器件性能却会下降,这归因于载流子传输失衡和电荷重组增加。此外,这些电池的开路电压随着退火温度的升高而逐渐降低,这与薄膜结晶度增加导致的非辐射电压损耗增加有关。这项研究强调了实现薄膜微观结构精细优化的重要性,以便最大限度地提高 SCOSC 的效率,同时也为完善双电缆聚合物的分子设计和加工以提高太阳能电池的性能指明了前景广阔的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Bioinspired stiff–soft gradient network structure for high-performance impact-resistant elastomers 用于高性能抗冲击弹性体的生物启发式软硬梯度网络结构
IF 5.4 1区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100320
Jin Huang , Hangsheng Zhou , Li Zhang , Hao Zha , Wei Shi , Tianyi Zhao , Mingjie Liu

Traditional impact-resistance materials relying on the combination of supporting materials and energy-dissipation elastomers can effectively reduce shock load, yet the sharp interface between two types of materials causes discontinuous stress transfer and cracking. Here, inspired by the squid beak, we report a type of high impact-resistance gradient elastomers with large-scale modulus gradient with about three orders of magnitude (modulus range of 7 × 103 ∼ 7 × 106 Pa) and high energy dissipation (loss factor > 0.6) over a wide temperature range by diffusively introducing stiff polymers in a highly damping elastomer with controlled mechanical properties. Under the action of an external force, our gradient elastomers exhibit soft-while-stiff attributes, combining cushioning and support. In drop hammer impact tests, our gradient materials can reduce impact strength by 80 %, significantly better than commercial protective gear. It is worth mentioning that the modulus of the bottom layer matches that of the tissues for better protection.

传统的抗冲击材料主要依靠支撑材料和消能弹性体的组合来有效降低冲击载荷,但两类材料之间的尖锐界面会导致不连续的应力传递和开裂。在此,我们受乌贼喙的启发,通过在具有可控机械性能的高阻尼弹性体中扩散引入刚性聚合物,报告了一种在宽温度范围内具有约三个数量级的大规模模量梯度(模量范围为 7 × 103 ∼ 7 × 106 Pa)和高能量耗散(损耗因子为 0.6)的高抗冲击梯度弹性体。在外力作用下,我们的梯度弹性体表现出软中带硬的特性,兼具缓冲和支撑作用。在落锤冲击测试中,我们的梯度材料可降低 80% 的冲击强度,明显优于商用防护装备。值得一提的是,底层的模量与组织的模量相匹配,可提供更好的保护。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-linkable binder for composite silicon-graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries 用于锂离子电池中硅-石墨复合阳极的可交联粘合剂
IF 5.4 1区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100319
Yi-Tong Zhang , Jin-Xin Xue , Rui Wang , Si-Xin Jia , Jian-Jun Zhou , Lin Li

Silicon (Si) is a promising substitute for graphite anode due to the high theoretical specific capacity (4200 mAh g−1). However, too large volume change exists during the lithiation/delithiation process. Composite anode, prepared by mixing Si with graphite, can realize higher specific capacity than graphite and much better cycle performance than Si anode. However, the capacity decay caused by pulverization of Si particles is still a great challenge. Here, a cross-linkable binder rich in nitrile, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups is designed for composite silicon-graphite (Si-C) anode. The nitrile and hydroxyl groups can be in situ cross-linked in the batteries through Ritter reaction. The cross-linked binder has excellent resilience and good adhesion to the active materials and current collector. The cycle performance of the cell with cross-linked binder is much better than the counterpart. Scanning electron microscopy results of the cycled Si-C anode show that the cross-linked binder can suppress the volume expansion and pulverization. Moreover, the investigation with X-ray photoelectronic spectrum and density function theory calculation demonstrate that the decomposition of ester solvent and LiPF6 on Si anode has been mitigated and more stable SEI film is formed on the Si-C anode. Our strategy of in situ cross-linking binder in the batteries has provided a feasible way for designing the next generation of silicon-based anodes with higher specific capacity and longer cycling life.

硅(Si)具有很高的理论比容量(4200 mAh g-1),因此很有希望成为石墨负极的替代品。然而,在石化/脱硅过程中体积变化太大。通过将硅与石墨混合制备的复合负极可以实现比石墨更高的比容量,循环性能也比硅负极好得多。然而,硅颗粒粉化导致的容量衰减仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在此,我们设计了一种富含腈基、羧基和羟基的可交联粘合剂,用于硅-石墨(Si-C)复合负极。腈基和羟基可通过里特反应在电池中原位交联。交联后的粘合剂具有优异的回弹性,与活性材料和集流器的粘附性良好。交联粘合剂电池的循环性能远远优于同类电池。循环硅-碳阳极的扫描电子显微镜结果表明,交联粘结剂可抑制体积膨胀和粉化。此外,X 射线光电子能谱研究和密度函数理论计算表明,酯溶剂和 LiPF6 在硅阳极上的分解得到了缓解,Si-C 阳极上形成了更稳定的 SEI 膜。我们在电池中原位交联粘合剂的策略为设计比容量更大、循环寿命更长的下一代硅基阳极提供了一种可行的方法。
{"title":"Cross-linkable binder for composite silicon-graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Yi-Tong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jin-Xin Xue ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Si-Xin Jia ,&nbsp;Jian-Jun Zhou ,&nbsp;Lin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silicon (Si) is a promising substitute for graphite anode due to the high theoretical specific capacity (4200 mAh <em>g</em><sup>−1</sup>). However, too large volume change exists during the lithiation/delithiation process. Composite anode, prepared by mixing Si with graphite, can realize higher specific capacity than graphite and much better cycle performance than Si anode. However, the capacity decay caused by pulverization of Si particles is still a great challenge. Here, a cross-linkable binder rich in nitrile, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups is designed for composite silicon-graphite (Si-C) anode. The nitrile and hydroxyl groups can be in situ cross-linked in the batteries through Ritter reaction. The cross-linked binder has excellent resilience and good adhesion to the active materials and current collector. The cycle performance of the cell with cross-linked binder is much better than the counterpart. Scanning electron microscopy results of the cycled Si-C anode show that the cross-linked binder can suppress the volume expansion and pulverization. Moreover, the investigation with X-ray photoelectronic spectrum and density function theory calculation demonstrate that the decomposition of ester solvent and LiPF<sub>6</sub> on Si anode has been mitigated and more stable SEI film is formed on the Si-C anode. Our strategy of in situ cross-linking binder in the batteries has provided a feasible way for designing the next generation of silicon-based anodes with higher specific capacity and longer cycling life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000833/pdfft?md5=c4442d9af935bafe898c6a39f67f368e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000833-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Updated view of new liquid-matter ferroelectrics with nematic and smectic orders 具有向列和共晶阶的新型液态物质铁电的最新观点
IF 5.4 1区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100318
Yaohao Song , Satoshi Aya , Mingjun Huang

The recent discovery of liquid-matter ferroelectrics not only opens a door to explore novel polar matter states and properties in the term of condensed matter physics but also provides unprecedented opportunities for developing new liquid crystal materials and technologies. The progression from the ferroelectric nematic phase to many other liquid-matter ferroelectrics represents a remarkable journey in emerging polar soft matter. In this perspective, we briefly introduce the latest quick rise and advancements of liquid-matter ferroelectrics that display the nematic and smectic characteristics. We summarize the recently-discovered new polar phases, their new physics, and potential technological innovations, and then give some hints that we consider critical for further exploration. More importantly, we seek to delve into broader discussions on chemical structure design, the underlying physical interactions driving various polar states, and their connections to a range of intriguing phenomena.

最近发现的液态物质铁电不仅为探索凝聚态物理学中的新型极性物质状态和性质打开了一扇大门,而且为开发新型液晶材料和技术提供了前所未有的机遇。从向列铁电相发展到许多其他液态物质铁电相,代表了新兴极性软物质的非凡历程。在这一视角中,我们简要介绍了显示向列和共晶特性的液态物质铁电的最新快速发展和进步。我们总结了最近发现的新极性相、它们的新物理学和潜在的技术创新,然后给出了一些我们认为对进一步探索至关重要的提示。更重要的是,我们试图深入探讨化学结构设计、驱动各种极性态的基本物理相互作用以及它们与一系列有趣现象之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Biomineralization strategy: from material manufacturing to biological regulation 生物矿化战略:从材料制造到生物调节
IF 5.4 1区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100317
Kexin Qin , Zitong Zheng , Jie Wang , Haihua Pan , Ruikang Tang

Biomineralization plays an important role in various physiological activities in both nature and living organisms. Organisms regulate the crystal nucleation, crystal phase, and crystal growth kinetics of inorganic phases through organic regulation, forming minerals with multi-level order, thereby playing a role in biological support, protection, and metabolic regulation. Unlike general inorganic minerals, biominerals are subtly regulated by organic organisms (such as small organic molecules, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids) and complex environments, possessing biological characteristics and becoming a part of living organisms. It can be seen that the process of biomineralization is not only the process of manufacturing biomaterials, but also the process of using materials to regulate organisms themselves. The biomimetic strategy based on biomineralization can achieve a huge transformation from the biomimetic preparation of functional materials to the biomimetic composite of organisms and materials. In this review, we briefly introduce biomimetic structures inspired by nature itself, and emphasize the important role of the relationship between organisms and materials in the process of biomineralization. We also briefly explore biominerals and their mechanisms. At the same time, a series of functional materials (such as self-cleaning hydrophobic materials, artificial spider silk fibers, mother of pearl like composite materials, humidity responsive materials, and bioprinting materials) synthesized through biomimetic strategies inspired by biomanufacturing materials were systematically elucidated. And a brief discussion was given on the synthesis of new functional organisms using biomimetic strategies to regulate organisms, such as using functional materials to regulate biomimetic repair of hard tissues, using biomineralization strategies to coat vaccines to improve their thermal stability during transportation and drug delivery efficiency in vivo, and constructing functional biomimetic artificial organelles on demand. Finally, this article summarizes the current opportunities and challenges based on biomineralization, providing further feasible guidance for future material regulation of life.

生物矿化在自然界和生物体的各种生理活动中发挥着重要作用。生物通过有机调控无机相的晶体成核、晶相和晶体生长动力学,形成具有多级有序的矿物,从而在生物支持、保护和代谢调节中发挥作用。与一般无机矿物不同,生物矿物受有机物(如有机小分子、肽、蛋白质、核酸等)和复杂环境的微妙调控,具有生物特性,成为生物体的一部分。可见,生物矿化过程不仅是制造生物材料的过程,也是利用材料调节生物体本身的过程。基于生物矿化的生物仿生策略可以实现从功能材料的生物仿生制备到生物与材料的生物仿生复合的巨大转变。在这篇综述中,我们简要介绍了受自然本身启发的生物仿生结构,并强调了生物与材料之间的关系在生物矿化过程中的重要作用。我们还简要探讨了生物矿物及其机理。同时,系统阐述了在生物制造材料的启发下,通过生物仿生策略合成的一系列功能材料(如自洁疏水材料、人造蜘蛛丝纤维、类珍珠母复合材料、湿度响应材料、生物打印材料等)。并简要论述了利用生物仿生策略调控生物体合成新的功能生物体,如利用功能材料调控硬组织的生物仿生修复、利用生物矿化策略包覆疫苗以提高疫苗在运输过程中的热稳定性和体内给药效率、按需构建功能性生物仿生人工细胞器等。最后,本文总结了当前基于生物矿化的机遇与挑战,为未来的生命材料调控提供了进一步的可行性指导。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear optical director reorientation in heliconical cholesteric liquid crystals: a brief review 螺旋胆甾型液晶中的非线性光学导向重新定向:简要回顾
IF 5.4 1区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100311
Liana Lucchetti , Giovanni Nava

Cholesteric liquid crystals, also known as chiral nematics, possess a right-angle helicoidal structure with pitch in the submicrometer and micrometer range. Although the possibility of getting optical reorientation in this kind of materials has been considered since the discovery of giant optical nonlinearity in nematic liquid crystals, a significant light-induced modulation of the helical structure has shown to be a challenging task. The recent experimental realization of a chiral phase with an oblique helicoidal structure, identified as the heliconical phase predicted by Meyer and DeGennes in 1968, offers the opportunity to observe such an optical reorientation of the optic axis. This paper is a brief review of the nonlinear optical properties of these unconventional chiral nematic liquid crystals and is aimed at showing that the world of liquid crystalline phases can still amaze with new material properties and new physics.

胆甾型液晶又称手性向列液晶,具有直角螺旋结构,间距在亚微米和微米范围内。虽然自从发现向列液晶的巨大光学非线性以来,人们就一直在考虑在这类材料中实现光学重新定向的可能性,但要在光的诱导下对螺旋结构进行明显的调制,已被证明是一项具有挑战性的任务。最近通过实验发现了一种具有斜螺旋结构的手性相,即 Meyer 和 DeGennes 于 1968 年预测的螺旋相,这为观察这种光轴的光学重新定向提供了机会。本文简要回顾了这些非常规手性向列液晶的非线性光学特性,旨在说明液晶相的世界仍然可以通过新的材料特性和新的物理学而令人惊叹。
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引用次数: 0
Chiral ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals as materials for versatile laser devices 作为多功能激光设备材料的手性铁电向列液晶
IF 5.4 1区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100316
César L. Folcia , Josu Ortega , Teresa Sierra , Alejandro Martínez-Bueno , Jesús Etxebarria

We present a liquid-crystal laser device based on the chiral ferroelectric nematic phase (NF*). The laser medium is obtained by mixing a ferroelectric nematic material with a chiral agent and a small proportion of a fluorescent dye. Notably, in the NF* phase very low electric fields perpendicular to the helical axis are able to reorient the molecules, giving rise to a periodic structure whose director profile is not single harmonic but contains the contribution of various Fourier components. This feature induces the appearance of several photonic bandgaps whose spectral ranges depend on the field, which can be exploited to build tunable laser devices. Here we report the characterization of home-made NF* lasers that can be tunable under low electric fields and present laser action in two of the photonic bands of the material. The obtained results open a promising route for the design of new and more versatile liquid-crystal based lasers.

我们介绍了一种基于手性铁电向列相 (NF*) 的液晶激光设备。这种激光介质是通过将铁电向列材料与手性剂和少量荧光染料混合而获得的。值得注意的是,在 NF* 相中,垂直于螺旋轴的极低电场能够使分子重新定向,从而产生一种周期性结构,这种结构的方向轮廓不是单次谐波,而是包含各种傅立叶分量。这一特征导致出现了多个光子带隙,其光谱范围取决于场,可用于制造可调谐激光设备。在此,我们报告了自制 NF* 激光器的特性,这种激光器可在低电场下进行调谐,并在材料的两个光子带中产生激光作用。所获得的结果为设计基于液晶的新型多功能激光器开辟了一条前景广阔的道路。
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引用次数: 0
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