Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.157-166
Tooba Noor, Zareen Kiran, Arif Ali, S. Syed, Farina Hanif
Background: Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and its related nephropathy. Timely detection of copeptin, a surrogate biomarker of AVP, would help in minimizing the osmoregulatory complications secondary to DM. The study aimed to correlate serum copeptin levels with serum osmolarity and electrolytes in subjects with progressive stages of DM. Methodology: A total of 120 patients were recruited as controls, pre-diabetes, DM without nephropathy, and nephropathy. Serum copeptin levels were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. At the same time, routine biochemical tests for diabetes and renal function were done from the affiliated diagnostic laboratory. Results: The mean copeptin and osmolarity levels were 207.74 ± 192.08 pg/ml and 302.29 ± 18.13 mOsm/kg, respectively. Both, the copeptin and osmolarity levels raises progressively from controls to various stages of DM and share significant positive correlation (r=0.214, p=0.019). Osmolarity was also correlated significantly with RBS (r=0.262), BUN (r=0.844), Na+ (r=0.210) and K+ (r=0.461). Conclusion: The significant correlation of copeptin with osmolarity highlights the importance of the AVP system in regulating body fluid equilibrium in diabetic patients progressing towards nephropathy. Timely detection of copeptin can play an important role in the early management of the disease.
{"title":"Correlation of copeptin with osmolarity and electrolytes in diabetes Mellitus: A tertiary center outpatient experience.","authors":"Tooba Noor, Zareen Kiran, Arif Ali, S. Syed, Farina Hanif","doi":"10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.157-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.157-166","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and its related nephropathy. Timely detection of copeptin, a surrogate biomarker of AVP, would help in minimizing the osmoregulatory complications secondary to DM. The study aimed to correlate serum copeptin levels with serum osmolarity and electrolytes in subjects with progressive stages of DM. \u0000Methodology: A total of 120 patients were recruited as controls, pre-diabetes, DM without nephropathy, and nephropathy. Serum copeptin levels were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. At the same time, routine biochemical tests for diabetes and renal function were done from the affiliated diagnostic laboratory. \u0000Results: The mean copeptin and osmolarity levels were 207.74 ± 192.08 pg/ml and 302.29 ± 18.13 mOsm/kg, respectively. Both, the copeptin and osmolarity levels raises progressively from controls to various stages of DM and share significant positive correlation (r=0.214, p=0.019). Osmolarity was also correlated significantly with RBS (r=0.262), BUN (r=0.844), Na+ (r=0.210) and K+ (r=0.461). \u0000Conclusion: The significant correlation of copeptin with osmolarity highlights the importance of the AVP system in regulating body fluid equilibrium in diabetic patients progressing towards nephropathy. Timely detection of copeptin can play an important role in the early management of the disease.","PeriodicalId":34196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45806260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.141-143
Y. Lee, Naveen Ramasami
{"title":"Interactions of Little-brain and Big-brain in Explaining Abdominal Symptoms","authors":"Y. Lee, Naveen Ramasami","doi":"10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.141-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.141-143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44965868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.144-149
Shagufta Nesar, M. Shoaib, Kiran Rafiq, M. Mughal, Tayyaba Mumtaz, Ishrat Younus, Arfa Akram
Background: Geriatrics refers to age-related health changes and consequently causes complications in polypharmacy, generalizing prescribing patterns. The study aimed to investigate the pervasiveness of medication inaccuracies along with drug interactions. Methodology: Out of 450 prescriptions only 210 were selected that contained Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) and other drugs. Drug-drug interactions were articulated by Micromedex 2.0, and the harm score was determined by National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention. Results: The outcomes revealed that 645 medication errors were identified and multiple errors were present in a single prescription. The most frequent error was unstated patient's weight (98.6%) proceeds from drug-drug interactions (66.7%). According to the harm score, 36.66% of prescriptions were placed in category D, there was a statistically significant association between the drug-drug interaction and the number of prescribed drugs (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The prime solution is that the physicians should be facilitated withal trainings about drug interactions and prescription writing skills according to WHO guidelines or other recognized standards.
{"title":"Medication errors with influencing factors of polypharmacy among elderly patients using Calcium Chanel Blockers.","authors":"Shagufta Nesar, M. Shoaib, Kiran Rafiq, M. Mughal, Tayyaba Mumtaz, Ishrat Younus, Arfa Akram","doi":"10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.144-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.144-149","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Geriatrics refers to age-related health changes and consequently causes complications in polypharmacy, generalizing prescribing patterns. The study aimed to investigate the pervasiveness of medication inaccuracies along with drug interactions. \u0000Methodology: Out of 450 prescriptions only 210 were selected that contained Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) and other drugs. Drug-drug interactions were articulated by Micromedex 2.0, and the harm score was determined by National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention. \u0000Results: The outcomes revealed that 645 medication errors were identified and multiple errors were present in a single prescription. The most frequent error was unstated patient's weight (98.6%) proceeds from drug-drug interactions (66.7%). According to the harm score, 36.66% of prescriptions were placed in category D, there was a statistically significant association between the drug-drug interaction and the number of prescribed drugs (p<0.0001). \u0000Conclusion: The prime solution is that the physicians should be facilitated withal trainings about drug interactions and prescription writing skills according to WHO guidelines or other recognized standards.","PeriodicalId":34196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45398598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.255-272
Arsalan Rasheed, Μalaika Νοοr, Τahir Usman, Rizwana Bilqees, Muhammad Afnan, S. Gul, N. Khan, S. Khattak, Irfan Khattak, A. A. Shah
Background: The SARS-COV-2's spread from continent to the continent has resulted in an increased number of mutations in the viral gene encoding proteins. As a result, mutations in target proteins provide a significant challenge in creating antiviral drugs and vaccines. The present review discussed the COVID-19 epidemiology and the effects of drugs being tested against COVID-19/SARS-COV-2. Dosage of these drugs along with associated challenges was also discussed. Methodology: Systematic review was conducted after a thorough search in the "PubMed, NIH, Elsevier, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar database. 45 studies on drugs associated with COVID-19 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for this review. Results: The FDA only accepted the Remdesivir drug against SARS-COV-2, as the hospitalized patients recovered very quickly by taking it. Antiviral EIDD-2801 has been found to make the SARS-COV-2 unable to infect cells by causing genetic modifications in the virus RNA. Similarly, Nitazoxanide appeared beneficial against SARS-COV-2 in a primary intervention and severe conditions (including pregnancy) without undesirable effects on the newborns. Children with mild cases can be handled solely by proper caring. Conclusion: Although Remdesivir and Dexamethasone are recommended in severe cases, clinical trials are ongoing to investigate other possible therapies like MAb and Convalescent Plasma antibodies for COVID-19. Older drugs (usually used to treat other conditions) are also under-tested by researchers to see if they are effective for COVID-19. Further tests are essential to validate whether any of the mentioned above possible therapies would be helpful for COVID-19 treatment.
背景:SARS-COV-2在大陆之间的传播导致编码蛋白质的病毒基因突变数量增加。因此，靶蛋白的突变为制造抗病毒药物和疫苗提供了重大挑战。本文综述了COVID-19流行病学和正在试验的药物对COVID-19/SARS-COV-2的作用。还讨论了这些药物的剂量以及相关的挑战。方法:在PubMed, NIH, Elsevier, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct和谷歌Scholar数据库中进行全面检索后进行系统评价。45项与COVID-19相关的药物研究符合纳入标准，入选本综述。结果:FDA只接受了治疗SARS-COV-2的Remdesivir药物，因为住院患者服用后恢复很快。抗病毒药物EIDD-2801已被发现通过引起病毒RNA的遗传修饰使SARS-COV-2无法感染细胞。同样，Nitazoxanide在初级干预和严重情况(包括妊娠)中似乎对SARS-COV-2有益，对新生儿没有不良影响。病情轻微的儿童可以通过适当的照顾来处理。结论:尽管在重症病例中推荐使用瑞德西韦和地塞米松，但仍在进行临床试验，以研究其他可能的治疗方法，如单抗和COVID-19恢复期血浆抗体。研究人员也没有对旧药物(通常用于治疗其他疾病)进行充分的测试，以确定它们是否对COVID-19有效。进一步的测试对于验证上述任何可能的治疗方法是否有助于治疗COVID-19至关重要。
{"title":"Drugs being tested against covid-19 to slow down its spread and find effective treatment: A systematic review.","authors":"Arsalan Rasheed, Μalaika Νοοr, Τahir Usman, Rizwana Bilqees, Muhammad Afnan, S. Gul, N. Khan, S. Khattak, Irfan Khattak, A. A. Shah","doi":"10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.255-272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.255-272","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The SARS-COV-2's spread from continent to the continent has resulted in an increased number of mutations in the viral gene encoding proteins. As a result, mutations in target proteins provide a significant challenge in creating antiviral drugs and vaccines. The present review discussed the COVID-19 epidemiology and the effects of drugs being tested against COVID-19/SARS-COV-2. Dosage of these drugs along with associated challenges was also discussed. \u0000Methodology: Systematic review was conducted after a thorough search in the \"PubMed, NIH, Elsevier, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar database. 45 studies on drugs associated with COVID-19 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for this review. \u0000Results: The FDA only accepted the Remdesivir drug against SARS-COV-2, as the hospitalized patients recovered very quickly by taking it. Antiviral EIDD-2801 has been found to make the SARS-COV-2 unable to infect cells by causing genetic modifications in the virus RNA. Similarly, Nitazoxanide appeared beneficial against SARS-COV-2 in a primary intervention and severe conditions (including pregnancy) without undesirable effects on the newborns. Children with mild cases can be handled solely by proper caring. \u0000Conclusion: Although Remdesivir and Dexamethasone are recommended in severe cases, clinical trials are ongoing to investigate other possible therapies like MAb and Convalescent Plasma antibodies for COVID-19. Older drugs (usually used to treat other conditions) are also under-tested by researchers to see if they are effective for COVID-19. Further tests are essential to validate whether any of the mentioned above possible therapies would be helpful for COVID-19 treatment.","PeriodicalId":34196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44642344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.227-232
Faryal Shoukat, Huzaifa Ather Rajar, N. Baig
Background: Neck Disability (ND) is a global health concern among bankers due to the prolonged computer usage demand of the job. Literature reported neck pain and fear of activity among bankers; however, evidence is scarce regarding the association between them. Therefore this survey aimed to evaluate the relationship between ND and Fear Avoidance Beliefs (FAB) among bankers. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on bankers of Karachi, Pakistan, using a convenience sampling technique. Volunteer bankers working for two or more years, and having neck pain for more than three months were enrolled in the study. ND was evaluated using Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire and FAB questionnaire to assess activity fear. Statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS version 20. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the association between ND and FAB. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% CI. Results: A total of 100 bankers were included in the study. The Pearson correlation test shows a significant moderate and positive correlation between NDI and FAB among bankers (r=0.61). Conclusion: It was concluded that the bankers suffer from ND and fear of activity performance, and a significant moderate and positive association was found between ND and FAB. Hence, further experimental research related to neck posture, work-station ergonomics, and ND is needed so that the global issue can be resolved and bankers' work performance could be enhanced.
{"title":"Relationship of neck disability and fear-avoidance beliefs among bankers.","authors":"Faryal Shoukat, Huzaifa Ather Rajar, N. Baig","doi":"10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.227-232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.227-232","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neck Disability (ND) is a global health concern among bankers due to the prolonged computer usage demand of the job. Literature reported neck pain and fear of activity among bankers; however, evidence is scarce regarding the association between them. Therefore this survey aimed to evaluate the relationship between ND and Fear Avoidance Beliefs (FAB) among bankers. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on bankers of Karachi, Pakistan, using a convenience sampling technique. Volunteer bankers working for two or more years, and having neck pain for more than three months were enrolled in the study. ND was evaluated using Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire and FAB questionnaire to assess activity fear. Statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS version 20. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the association between ND and FAB. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% CI. \u0000Results: A total of 100 bankers were included in the study. The Pearson correlation test shows a significant moderate and positive correlation between NDI and FAB among bankers (r=0.61). \u0000Conclusion: It was concluded that the bankers suffer from ND and fear of activity performance, and a significant moderate and positive association was found between ND and FAB. Hence, further experimental research related to neck posture, work-station ergonomics, and ND is needed so that the global issue can be resolved and bankers' work performance could be enhanced.","PeriodicalId":34196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47525755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.220-226
Sobia Hasan, F. Lasi, Saad Saleem, A. Fazal, Rabia Khan
Background: Anterior knee pain is the most common problem encountered by clinicians with an estimated prevalence of 15-45% around the globe. Thereby, this study aimed to determine the effects of isometrics and short arc quadriceps exercises on patients with patellofemoral knee pain. Methodology: The quasi-experimental study was conducted in Ameen Medical and Dental Centre, Karachi on a total of 80 anterior knee pain patients, including both genders and ages ranging from 16-40 years. The individuals were divided into two equal groups A and B (n=40) which followed isometric and short arc quadriceps exercises regimen, respectively. The pre and post-assessment of pain, muscle activity, muscle thickness measurement, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was done using Kujala assessment score, visual analog scale, Electromyography (EMG) biofeedback, and rehabilitative ultrasound imaging, respectively on the first day, 6th and 8th week of exercises session. Results: The results showed that pain was much decreased from 1st to 8th week after following Short arc quadriceps exercises (p<0.0001). The results also showed the higher muscle efficacy and HRQoL after following short arc quadriceps exercises, whereas Rehabilitative Ultrasound showed the higher effectiveness of Isometric quadricep exercises in increasing the muscle mass. Conclusion: It is concluded that the short arc quadriceps exercises have greater effectiveness in reducing pain, enhancing muscle activity, and increasing the HRQoL, whereas isometric quadricep exercises have shown beneficial effects in increasing muscle mass.
{"title":"Isometric & short arc exercises effect on the quadricep muscle of patello-femoral knee pain patients.","authors":"Sobia Hasan, F. Lasi, Saad Saleem, A. Fazal, Rabia Khan","doi":"10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.220-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.220-226","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anterior knee pain is the most common problem encountered by clinicians with an estimated prevalence of 15-45% around the globe. Thereby, this study aimed to determine the effects of isometrics and short arc quadriceps exercises on patients with patellofemoral knee pain. Methodology: The quasi-experimental study was conducted in Ameen Medical and Dental Centre, Karachi on a total of 80 anterior knee pain patients, including both genders and ages ranging from 16-40 years. The individuals were divided into two equal groups A and B (n=40) which followed isometric and short arc quadriceps exercises regimen, respectively. The pre and post-assessment of pain, muscle activity, muscle thickness measurement, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was done using Kujala assessment score, visual analog scale, Electromyography (EMG) biofeedback, and rehabilitative ultrasound imaging, respectively on the first day, 6th and 8th week of exercises session. Results: The results showed that pain was much decreased from 1st to 8th week after following Short arc quadriceps exercises (p<0.0001). The results also showed the higher muscle efficacy and HRQoL after following short arc quadriceps exercises, whereas Rehabilitative Ultrasound showed the higher effectiveness of Isometric quadricep exercises in increasing the muscle mass. Conclusion: It is concluded that the short arc quadriceps exercises have greater effectiveness in reducing pain, enhancing muscle activity, and increasing the HRQoL, whereas isometric quadricep exercises have shown beneficial effects in increasing muscle mass.","PeriodicalId":34196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45685720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.167-171
W. Shaikh, Imrana Sharif, Salman El Khalid, Agha Zohaib, Raja Rizwan Ahmed, S. Mithani
Background: Simple nephrectomy is a technique of removing the kidney from within the gerota’s fascia and is usually for a non-functioning kidney. While for renal tumors, radical nephrectomy is done, which involves the removal of the kidney with gerota’s fascia along with the ureter. Histopathology of patients who undergo simple nephrectomy sometime reveals renal malignancy. Such patients often need further treatment as simple nephrectomy in such cases is mostly suboptimal. The number of studies reporting tumors in simple nephrectomy specimens is limited. We aim to report single-center pathological findings in nephrectomy specimens from patients treated for non-functioning kidneys due to renal stone disease. Methodology: The medical record of patients (n=210) who underwent simple nephrectomy between 2014 and 2021 at the Kidney Centre Postgraduate Training Institute due to renal stone disease was reviewed retrospectively. Results: The total number of patients undergoing simple nephrectomy for non-functioning kidneys due to stone disease was 210. Of those patients, 117 were males, and 93 were females. The mean age was 45.33 ± 17.65 years. The histopathology report of specimens revealed renal malignancy in 10 patients (4.76%), xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in 11 patients, tuberculosis of the kidney in 7 patients, and chronic pyelonephritis in 182 patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of renal malignancy in patients undergoing simple nephrectomy is significantly high.
{"title":"Incidental renal neoplasia following simple nephrectomy of the non-functioning kidney. Is it more common than previously reported?","authors":"W. Shaikh, Imrana Sharif, Salman El Khalid, Agha Zohaib, Raja Rizwan Ahmed, S. Mithani","doi":"10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.167-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.167-171","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Simple nephrectomy is a technique of removing the kidney from within the gerota’s fascia and is usually for a non-functioning kidney. While for renal tumors, radical nephrectomy is done, which involves the removal of the kidney with gerota’s fascia along with the ureter. Histopathology of patients who undergo simple nephrectomy sometime reveals renal malignancy. Such patients often need further treatment as simple nephrectomy in such cases is mostly suboptimal. The number of studies reporting tumors in simple nephrectomy specimens is limited. We aim to report single-center pathological findings in nephrectomy specimens from patients treated for non-functioning kidneys due to renal stone disease. \u0000Methodology: The medical record of patients (n=210) who underwent simple nephrectomy between 2014 and 2021 at the Kidney Centre Postgraduate Training Institute due to renal stone disease was reviewed retrospectively. \u0000Results: The total number of patients undergoing simple nephrectomy for non-functioning kidneys due to stone disease was 210. Of those patients, 117 were males, and 93 were females. The mean age was 45.33 ± 17.65 years. The histopathology report of specimens revealed renal malignancy in 10 patients (4.76%), xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in 11 patients, tuberculosis of the kidney in 7 patients, and chronic pyelonephritis in 182 patients. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of renal malignancy in patients undergoing simple nephrectomy is significantly high.","PeriodicalId":34196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48320813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.202-212
A. Fatima, Zulfiqar Ali Mirani, A. Siddiqui, S. Urooj, T. Abbas
Background: The increasing rate of water-borne diseases in Karachi demands the characterization of associated pathogens. Nowadays, water-borne infections become more resistant to treatment due to biofilm formation and excessive use of antibiotics. Biofilm formation in water deteriorates the quality of water. This study identified and characterized biofilm-producing E. coli in drinking water. Methodology: Water samples were analyzed for heterotrophic plate count and total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli. The Kirby disk bar diffusion method was used to investigate antibiotic susceptibility in biofilm-producing E. coli. The Congo red and tube ring methods were used to identify biofilm producers. The effect of biofilm formation on the hydrophobicity of E. coli was performed by the BATH method. The soft agar method determines the colony spreading ability of biofilm and non-biofilm producers. Molecular characterization of virulence genes of E. coli was performed by a PCR. Scanning electron microscopy for biofilm construction was conducted. Results: The total 120 water samples were tested for heterotrophic plate count and total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli. 78% were unfit in this study, and 21.66% were fit. 38 E. coli strains were found in water samples. According to findings, the hydrophobicity of biofilm-producing isolates increased with the incubation period. Colony-forming unit drops one logarithm in the biofilm state compared to the planktonic stage. Biofilm producers were more resistant to antibiotics. The virulence genes, pet, lt, and stx2, were used for the molecular characterization. Conclusion: The presence of biofilm-producing E. coli in drinking water is alarming, and it indicates inappropriate treatment of the water supply system. To prevent rapid water-borne diseases, adequate actions are required to control drinking-water biofilm producers.
{"title":"Isolation and identification of Biofilm-producing E. coli from drinking water.","authors":"A. Fatima, Zulfiqar Ali Mirani, A. Siddiqui, S. Urooj, T. Abbas","doi":"10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.202-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.202-212","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The increasing rate of water-borne diseases in Karachi demands the characterization of associated pathogens. Nowadays, water-borne infections become more resistant to treatment due to biofilm formation and excessive use of antibiotics. Biofilm formation in water deteriorates the quality of water. This study identified and characterized biofilm-producing E. coli in drinking water. \u0000Methodology: Water samples were analyzed for heterotrophic plate count and total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli. The Kirby disk bar diffusion method was used to investigate antibiotic susceptibility in biofilm-producing E. coli. The Congo red and tube ring methods were used to identify biofilm producers. The effect of biofilm formation on the hydrophobicity of E. coli was performed by the BATH method. The soft agar method determines the colony spreading ability of biofilm and non-biofilm producers. Molecular characterization of virulence genes of E. coli was performed by a PCR. Scanning electron microscopy for biofilm construction was conducted. \u0000Results: The total 120 water samples were tested for heterotrophic plate count and total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli. 78% were unfit in this study, and 21.66% were fit. 38 E. coli strains were found in water samples. According to findings, the hydrophobicity of biofilm-producing isolates increased with the incubation period. Colony-forming unit drops one logarithm in the biofilm state compared to the planktonic stage. Biofilm producers were more resistant to antibiotics. The virulence genes, pet, lt, and stx2, were used for the molecular characterization. \u0000Conclusion: The presence of biofilm-producing E. coli in drinking water is alarming, and it indicates inappropriate treatment of the water supply system. To prevent rapid water-borne diseases, adequate actions are required to control drinking-water biofilm producers.","PeriodicalId":34196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45465921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.213-219
Sagheera Bibi, L. Naz
Background: Herbal treatment has paid much attention in the world over the past decades. Nelumbo nucifera is used all over the world as a medicinal plant. It is an aquatic perennial plant belonging to the Nelumbonaceae family. The protective effects of Nelumbo nucifera are due to the active ingredients present in it. The study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Nelumbo nucifera seeds against hepatotoxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Methodology: Eighteen Wistar Albino rats were allotted into three groups (n=6), control group, CCl4 treated group given CCl4 0.8 ml/kg body weight subcutaneously twice a week, CCl4 + N. Nucifera treated group given CCl4 0.8 ml/kg body weight 2 times a week subcutaneously and also given Nelumbo nucifera extract (200 mg/kg body weight) orally through gavage daily. After 28 days of the experiment, serum samples were taken for estimation of enzyme activities and liver tissue samples were collected for evaluation of antioxidant enzyme levels. Results: It was observed that liver weight increased in the CCl4 treated group while liver weight decreased in CCl4 + N. Nucifera treated group. CCl4 administration significantly raises the transaminase levels such as Aspartate transaminase (AST) (p<0.01), Aspartate transaminase (ALT) (p<0.05), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p<0.05) whereas CCl4 + N. Nucifera treated group serum transaminases are reduced. Antioxidant activities such as Catalase (p>0.05), Glutathione (GSH) (p>0.05) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p=0.05) decreased in the CCl4 treated group. Significant elevation of antioxidant enzymes; Catalase (p<0.05), GSH (p<0.05) and SOD (p>0.05) in CCl4 + N. Nucifera treated group. Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p<0.05) significantly raised in the CCl4 hepatotoxic group compared to the control group. A decreased MDA levels were observed in the CCl4 + N. Nucifera treated group, indicating its potential to counteract the harmful effects of CCl4. Conclusion: This study suggests that Nelumbo nucifera seeds have overcome CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by their antioxidant effects.
{"title":"The therapeutic potential of Nelumbo Nucifera against oxidative damage induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in rats.","authors":"Sagheera Bibi, L. Naz","doi":"10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.213-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.213-219","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Herbal treatment has paid much attention in the world over the past decades. Nelumbo nucifera is used all over the world as a medicinal plant. It is an aquatic perennial plant belonging to the Nelumbonaceae family. The protective effects of Nelumbo nucifera are due to the active ingredients present in it. The study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Nelumbo nucifera seeds against hepatotoxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. \u0000Methodology: Eighteen Wistar Albino rats were allotted into three groups (n=6), control group, CCl4 treated group given CCl4 0.8 ml/kg body weight subcutaneously twice a week, CCl4 + N. Nucifera treated group given CCl4 0.8 ml/kg body weight 2 times a week subcutaneously and also given Nelumbo nucifera extract (200 mg/kg body weight) orally through gavage daily. After 28 days of the experiment, serum samples were taken for estimation of enzyme activities and liver tissue samples were collected for evaluation of antioxidant enzyme levels. \u0000Results: It was observed that liver weight increased in the CCl4 treated group while liver weight decreased in CCl4 + N. Nucifera treated group. CCl4 administration significantly raises the transaminase levels such as Aspartate transaminase (AST) (p<0.01), Aspartate transaminase (ALT) (p<0.05), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p<0.05) whereas CCl4 + N. Nucifera treated group serum transaminases are reduced. Antioxidant activities such as Catalase (p>0.05), Glutathione (GSH) (p>0.05) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p=0.05) decreased in the CCl4 treated group. Significant elevation of antioxidant enzymes; Catalase (p<0.05), GSH (p<0.05) and SOD (p>0.05) in CCl4 + N. Nucifera treated group. Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p<0.05) significantly raised in the CCl4 hepatotoxic group compared to the control group. A decreased MDA levels were observed in the CCl4 + N. Nucifera treated group, indicating its potential to counteract the harmful effects of CCl4. \u0000Conclusion: This study suggests that Nelumbo nucifera seeds have overcome CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by their antioxidant effects.","PeriodicalId":34196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49181852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-21DOI: 10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.172-178
Muhammad Naeem Pasha, Sheeza Naeem Pasha, Ayeza Naeem, Tanveer Abbas, Syed Nurul Haq
Background: Spinal anaesthesia is the most appropriate method that is more advantageous than general anaesthesia. The study was planned to comparatively assess the effects of hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine with isobaric 0.5% Ropivacaine in Elective Lower Limb Surgery. Methodology: One hundred patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I and II were selected for elective lower segment operation. Participants were assorted into two groups without following any fixed criteria and treated as; Group B and R, injected with bupivacaine in 0.5% hyperbaric condition and 0.5% isobaric ropivacaine, respectively. Results: The time of onset of blockage of sensation was prominently lesser in Group B contrary to Group R. The time slot of attainment of maximum sensory block up to T6 level was statistically significant and was smaller in Group B. The duration for the two-segment regression's sensorial blockage was more duration in Group B. The average extent of blockage of sensation was lesser in the R group. The time to achieve maximum motor blockage when testing via Bromage scale 2 was lower in the B group. In group B, the mean duration of the motor blockade was calibrated from the Bromage scale. Conclusion: The use of ropivacaine given for lower segment surgeries provided an efficient level of block required during the surgery with a speedy outset of motor and sensory blockade and less time needed to achieve motor blockade.
{"title":"A study to compare 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 0.5% isobaric ropivacaine intrathecally for elective lower limb surgery.","authors":"Muhammad Naeem Pasha, Sheeza Naeem Pasha, Ayeza Naeem, Tanveer Abbas, Syed Nurul Haq","doi":"10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.172-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v10.i2.2022.172-178","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Spinal anaesthesia is the most appropriate method that is more advantageous than general anaesthesia. The study was planned to comparatively assess the effects of hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine with isobaric 0.5% Ropivacaine in Elective Lower Limb Surgery. \u0000Methodology: One hundred patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I and II were selected for elective lower segment operation. Participants were assorted into two groups without following any fixed criteria and treated as; Group B and R, injected with bupivacaine in 0.5% hyperbaric condition and 0.5% isobaric ropivacaine, respectively. \u0000Results: The time of onset of blockage of sensation was prominently lesser in Group B contrary to Group R. The time slot of attainment of maximum sensory block up to T6 level was statistically significant and was smaller in Group B. The duration for the two-segment regression's sensorial blockage was more duration in Group B. The average extent of blockage of sensation was lesser in the R group. The time to achieve maximum motor blockage when testing via Bromage scale 2 was lower in the B group. In group B, the mean duration of the motor blockade was calibrated from the Bromage scale. \u0000Conclusion: The use of ropivacaine given for lower segment surgeries provided an efficient level of block required during the surgery with a speedy outset of motor and sensory blockade and less time needed to achieve motor blockade.","PeriodicalId":34196,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44775238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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