Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-07
M. Honcharenko
The process and mechanisms of communication between the politician and the audience, the role of external and conjunctural factors, their influence on the effectiveness of communication and the expediency of using certain means of interaction are studied. Factors that directly affect the quality of a political actor's contact with voters are considered, as well as those that indirectly affect the relevance of political statements. Formulated principles of evaluating the effectiveness of communication with a certain audience. Actual problems of communication between the politician and the audience in the scientific, social, public and political spheres are revealed. The problem of communication between a politician and an audience is actualized in the scientific, socio-political, public, purely political spheres. The effectiveness and expediency of using certain formats of communication between a politician and an audience against the background of various external conditions is analyzed. Attention is focused on the need for careful analysis not only of the audience as such, but also of external factors that can affect the perception of information by the voter. The study of individual formats and the specifics of their application in communication between a politician and an audience opens up opportunities for more effective and transparent interaction between political actors and civil society. This enables the creation, improvement and effective use of the most appropriate means of public communication. Recommendations are provided for preparing, editing and evaluating the effectiveness of public communication activities in the context of political activity. It is proved that there is a connection between the effectiveness of a certain means of communication and external factors. Methods of assessing the expediency of using various means of public communication are proposed and attention is focused on their specificity. A hypothesis is proposed about the significant influence of external factors on the perception of information by the audience, in particular on the political behavior of voters.
{"title":"COMMUNICATION OF POLITICIANS WITH THE AUDIENCE: TOOLS AND SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS","authors":"M. Honcharenko","doi":"10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-07","url":null,"abstract":"The process and mechanisms of communication between the politician and the audience, the role of external and conjunctural factors, their influence on the effectiveness of communication and the expediency of using certain means of interaction are studied. Factors that directly affect the quality of a political actor's contact with voters are considered, as well as those that indirectly affect the relevance of political statements. Formulated principles of evaluating the effectiveness of communication with a certain audience. Actual problems of communication between the politician and the audience in the scientific, social, public and political spheres are revealed. The problem of communication between a politician and an audience is actualized in the scientific, socio-political, public, purely political spheres.\u0000\u0000The effectiveness and expediency of using certain formats of communication between a politician and an audience against the background of various external conditions is analyzed. Attention is focused on the need for careful analysis not only of the audience as such, but also of external factors that can affect the perception of information by the voter. The study of individual formats and the specifics of their application in communication between a politician and an audience opens up opportunities for more effective and transparent interaction between political actors and civil society. This enables the creation, improvement and effective use of the most appropriate means of public communication. Recommendations are provided for preparing, editing and evaluating the effectiveness of public communication activities in the context of political activity.\u0000\u0000It is proved that there is a connection between the effectiveness of a certain means of communication and external factors. Methods of assessing the expediency of using various means of public communication are proposed and attention is focused on their specificity. A hypothesis is proposed about the significant influence of external factors on the perception of information by the audience, in particular on the political behavior of voters.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83803817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-04
N. Vinnykova
A transnationalization of corruption practices, born by globalization processes, is one of nowadays negative phenomenon that deserves intensive studying. Digital technologies smooth the pathways for transnational corruption. On the other hand, digitalization also provides tools for building up respective countermeasures. This article examines the potential of digital technologies, primarily artificial intelligence (AI), in preventing corruption practices. Firstly, the characteristics of the «global corruption» phenomenon are outlined. The experience of implementing digital technologies in the corruption countermeasures has been analysed that revealed problems and prospective trends in the development of digital anti-corruption mechanisms at the supra-national level of governance. Digital tools for detecting and tracking of transnational corruption schemes were described in the framework of international journalistic investigations or anti-corruption control technologies in the European Union. One of key factors preventing the effective application of AI against the transnational corruption is the lack of the consolidated international regulatory regime for data evaluation. However, AI is ambivalent for both fighting corruption and creation new corruption pathways. Arguments in support of the distributed ledger technologies as the promising corruption-preventing techniques are provided. The study discloses factors inhibiting the scaling of the implementation of blockchain or smart contracts as mechanisms of reducing the risks of corruption. The need to develop international standards for the use of AI technologies in the fight against corruption practices is emphasized. The creation of a transnational structure with appropriate rule-making and control powers in this area becomes extremely important.
{"title":"DIGTIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN COMBATING GLOBAL CORRUPTION","authors":"N. Vinnykova","doi":"10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-04","url":null,"abstract":"A transnationalization of corruption practices, born by globalization processes, is one of nowadays negative phenomenon that deserves intensive studying. Digital technologies smooth the pathways for transnational corruption. On the other hand, digitalization also provides tools for building up respective countermeasures. This article examines the potential of digital technologies, primarily artificial intelligence (AI), in preventing corruption practices.\u0000\u0000Firstly, the characteristics of the «global corruption» phenomenon are outlined. The experience of implementing digital technologies in the corruption countermeasures has been analysed that revealed problems and prospective trends in the development of digital anti-corruption mechanisms at the supra-national level of governance. Digital tools for detecting and tracking of transnational corruption schemes were described in the framework of international journalistic investigations or anti-corruption control technologies in the European Union. One of key factors preventing the effective application of AI against the transnational corruption is the lack of the consolidated international regulatory regime for data evaluation. However, AI is ambivalent for both fighting corruption and creation new corruption pathways. Arguments in support of the distributed ledger technologies as the promising corruption-preventing techniques are provided. The study discloses factors inhibiting the scaling of the implementation of blockchain or smart contracts as mechanisms of reducing the risks of corruption. The need to develop international standards for the use of AI technologies in the fight against corruption practices is emphasized. The creation of a transnational structure with appropriate rule-making and control powers in this area becomes extremely important.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88234907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-01
O. Romanyuk
This paper is devoted to clarifying the essence of ruscism as a phenomenon of modern socio-political reality. It is noted that the concept of ruscism appeared in public and scientific circulation as a result of the formation of Putin's regime in Russia, and its spread is connected with the beginning of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. Although this concept has already received its interpretations in the publications of a number of analysts, there is still no complete conceptual understanding of it. The author believes that the conceptual understanding of ruscism should be carried out within the framework of totalitarian studies, since it is a new version of totalitarianism. The idea of ruscism as a simple imitation of fascism and Nazism is refuted. The emphasis is placed on his historical Russian roots. Attention is drawn to the facts that, firstly, Russian statehood originates in the Golden Horde, from which it inherited the despotic character of government and aggressive foreign policy; secondly, Russia has never had long periods of democratic rule in the course of its historical development; thirdly, the first totalitarian regime in the modern world arose precisely in Russia; fourthly, under Stalin, it acquired the greatest totalitarian quality in history. The author emphasizes that ruscism cannot be considered a simple resuscitation of Stalinism, because it arose in the new historical conditions of the development of both Russia and its international environment, which determined its peculiarities. The peculiarities of ruscism as a new version of totalitarianism are that: the creation of a totalitarian party, the formation of a broad totalitarian movement, and the development of a totalitarian doctrine took place already after Putin acquired state power; the Russian political system is formally multi-party; the control of the political regime over the functioning of the economy is carried out not so much by formal state institutions as by Putin's informal clan.
{"title":"RUSCISM AS A NEW VERSION OF TOTALITARIANISM","authors":"O. Romanyuk","doi":"10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is devoted to clarifying the essence of ruscism as a phenomenon of modern socio-political reality. It is noted that the concept of ruscism appeared in public and scientific circulation as a result of the formation of Putin's regime in Russia, and its spread is connected with the beginning of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. Although this concept has already received its interpretations in the publications of a number of analysts, there is still no complete conceptual understanding of it. The author believes that the conceptual understanding of ruscism should be carried out within the framework of totalitarian studies, since it is a new version of totalitarianism. The idea of ruscism as a simple imitation of fascism and Nazism is refuted. The emphasis is placed on his historical Russian roots.\u0000\u0000Attention is drawn to the facts that, firstly, Russian statehood originates in the Golden Horde, from which it inherited the despotic character of government and aggressive foreign policy; secondly, Russia has never had long periods of democratic rule in the course of its historical development; thirdly, the first totalitarian regime in the modern world arose precisely in Russia; fourthly, under Stalin, it acquired the greatest totalitarian quality in history. The author emphasizes that ruscism cannot be considered a simple resuscitation of Stalinism, because it arose in the new historical conditions of the development of both Russia and its international environment, which determined its peculiarities.\u0000\u0000The peculiarities of ruscism as a new version of totalitarianism are that: the creation of a totalitarian party, the formation of a broad totalitarian movement, and the development of a totalitarian doctrine took place already after Putin acquired state power; the Russian political system is formally multi-party; the control of the political regime over the functioning of the economy is carried out not so much by formal state institutions as by Putin's informal clan.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85013148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-06
Svitlana Denysiuk
The tools of realization of direct democracy in Switzerland are considered. The Swiss political system, levels of government and distribution of powers between institutions are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that direct democracy allows the population to directly influence important decisions at all levels. Swiss citizens have the opportunity to vote on their own through a popular initiative and a referendum, which is optional and mandatory. The historical principles of development of instruments of direct democracy are considered. Assumptions are made about possible risks and shortcomings in the process of implementing direct democracy. The point is that extreme right-wing forces may abuse the instruments of democracy to amend existing legislation. The goal is to promote politicians' own interests. With the help of political technologies, in particular the use of populist slogans, inaccurate statistics and false facts, the leaders of radical parties manipulate the opinion of citizens, inciting them to put forward certain projects to national referendums. The assumption is substantiated that the vote of citizens can lead to the tyranny of the majority. Legislation and responsibility of citizens minimize the risk of such a scenario. The political and legal bases for the use of direct democracy in Switzerland are analyzed. Comparing the advantages and risks of decision-making with such a system, it is concluded that it is optimal for today. The focus of Switzerland's direct democracy is a compromise dialogue between citizens and the authorities. The draft law «On Local Referendum» № 5512 was considered. Its purpose is to return to the citizens of Ukraine the constitutional right to independently resolve issues of local significance by the territorial community by direct vote. Suggestions for improving the content of this bill have been formulated. We are talking about: the expediency of dividing referendums into types; analysis of the percentage of turnout when considering issues of local importance, increasing the number of questions for voting, etc. It is noted that in order to successfully use the Swiss experience in Ukrainian society, these proposals require broad discussion with the involvement of political scientists and lawyers, awareness of their own responsibility to politicians and the public.
{"title":"FEATURES OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN SWITZERLAND: POLITICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS","authors":"Svitlana Denysiuk","doi":"10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-06","url":null,"abstract":"The tools of realization of direct democracy in Switzerland are considered. The Swiss political system, levels of government and distribution of powers between institutions are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that direct democracy allows the population to directly influence important decisions at all levels. Swiss citizens have the opportunity to vote on their own through a popular initiative and a referendum, which is optional and mandatory. The historical principles of development of instruments of direct democracy are considered.\u0000\u0000Assumptions are made about possible risks and shortcomings in the process of implementing direct democracy. The point is that extreme right-wing forces may abuse the instruments of democracy to amend existing legislation. The goal is to promote politicians' own interests. With the help of political technologies, in particular the use of populist slogans, inaccurate statistics and false facts, the leaders of radical parties manipulate the opinion of citizens, inciting them to put forward certain projects to national referendums. The assumption is substantiated that the vote of citizens can lead to the tyranny of the majority. Legislation and responsibility of citizens minimize the risk of such a scenario.\u0000\u0000The political and legal bases for the use of direct democracy in Switzerland are analyzed.\u0000\u0000Comparing the advantages and risks of decision-making with such a system, it is concluded that it is optimal for today. The focus of Switzerland's direct democracy is a compromise dialogue between citizens and the authorities.\u0000\u0000The draft law «On Local Referendum» № 5512 was considered. Its purpose is to return to the citizens of Ukraine the constitutional right to independently resolve issues of local significance by the territorial community by direct vote. Suggestions for improving the content of this bill have been formulated. We are talking about: the expediency of dividing referendums into types; analysis of the percentage of turnout when considering issues of local importance, increasing the number of questions for voting, etc. It is noted that in order to successfully use the Swiss experience in Ukrainian society, these proposals require broad discussion with the involvement of political scientists and lawyers, awareness of their own responsibility to politicians and the public.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73731038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-05
Victor Rubanov
Subject and functions of political consulting are analyzed, which plays rather an important productive and procedural role within the frame of scholarly process aimed at preparing and finally taking crucial political decisions as well as their subsequent implementations. In spite of the fact, its practical use as a scholarly instrument for political decision-making have been yet imperfect, fragmentary, thus it cannot meet the real political necessities of today. Such a state of things is determined, on the one hand, by the significant increase of the subjects of the said process, namely, members of business circles, mass media, profile expertize and analysis centers, specializing in preparatory steps for political decision-making. While, on the other hand, the exact procedural role of political consultants in a very complicated process of new policies emerging has, up to now, been studied dramatically inadequate. Inadequate is, first and foremost, studying political consulting as a classical specialized scholarly instrument, designed not only for optimization of electoral process, market relations in society, but also for working out optimum variants of any political decisions. The purpose of this article is to solve the above-descried scholarly problem, i.e. defining of the subject matter and functions of political consulting as a scholarly subject of political and managerial nature as well as defining its role within the sphere of Political Analysis. All told, the author has analyzed various approaches of other scholars to definitions of political consulting’s essence as a socio-political phenomenon and also as a scientific notion. The author has thoroughly studied exact procedural functions of political consulting as a relatively independent scholarly subject and as an inalienable element of Political Analysis, providing for scientific basis for the preparation of modern political decisions. The said analysis of the problem has resulted in the author’s attempt to determine, within the system of Political Analysis, the exact procedural functions of political consulting as a specialized scholarly subject in the framework of political management, its theoretical and methodological fundamentals, including the sphere of practical politics. The article also defines the exact procedural role of political consulting in the scientifically-based process of preparing political decisions, final decision-making and their practical implementations.
{"title":"THE SUBJECT MATTER AND FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL CONSULTING","authors":"Victor Rubanov","doi":"10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2022-41-05","url":null,"abstract":"Subject and functions of political consulting are analyzed, which plays rather an important productive and procedural role within the frame of scholarly process aimed at preparing and finally taking crucial political decisions as well as their subsequent implementations. In spite of the fact, its practical use as a scholarly instrument for political decision-making have been yet imperfect, fragmentary, thus it cannot meet the real political necessities of today. Such a state of things is determined, on the one hand, by the significant increase of the subjects of the said process, namely, members of business circles, mass media, profile expertize and analysis centers, specializing in preparatory steps for political decision-making. While, on the other hand, the exact procedural role of political consultants in a very complicated process of new policies emerging has, up to now, been studied dramatically inadequate. Inadequate is, first and foremost, studying political consulting as a classical specialized scholarly instrument, designed not only for optimization of electoral process, market relations in society, but also for working out optimum variants of any political decisions.\u0000\u0000The purpose of this article is to solve the above-descried scholarly problem, i.e. defining of the subject matter and functions of political consulting as a scholarly subject of political and managerial nature as well as defining its role within the sphere of Political Analysis. All told, the author has analyzed various approaches of other scholars to definitions of political consulting’s essence as a socio-political phenomenon and also as a scientific notion. The author has thoroughly studied exact procedural functions of political consulting as a relatively independent scholarly subject and as an inalienable element of Political Analysis, providing for scientific basis for the preparation of modern political decisions.\u0000\u0000The said analysis of the problem has resulted in the author’s attempt to determine, within the system of Political Analysis, the exact procedural functions of political consulting as a specialized scholarly subject in the framework of political management, its theoretical and methodological fundamentals, including the sphere of practical politics. The article also defines the exact procedural role of political consulting in the scientifically-based process of preparing political decisions, final decision-making and their practical implementations.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"226 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77561108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-5
T. Sharamok, N. Yesipova, V. Kurchenko
The morphometric indices of red blood cells of young fish of various species inhabiting coastal zones of the water bodies were studied. The subjects of the research were the fish of four families: Carp (Alburnus alburnus, Carassius gibelio, Rhodeus amarus, Abramis brama, Rutilus rutilus), Needles (Syngnathus abaster nigro lineatus), Centrarchidae (Lepomis gibbosus), Loaches (Cobitis taenia taenia), Gobies (Neogobius fluviatilis). The hydroecological conditions were characterized by an intense oxygen regime, high content of phosphates, and heavy metals (zinc). The fish peripheral blood was taken from the tail vein; smears were made according to the classical Romanowsky-Giemsa method. Our research showed that the red blood cells of young fish belonging to the ecological group of inactive and unpretentious species (Neogobius fluviatilis, Carassius gibelio) had the largest cross-sectional area and a high index of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. The indicators of erythrocyte eccentricity were the highest in the active fish with high energy costs (Alburnus alburnus, Lepomis gibbosus). The largest number of erythrocytes with pathological events (cytolysis, karyolysis, pyknosis, poikilocytosis) was observed in the young Alburnus alburnus (14%), and the smallest one in Rhodeus amarus and Lepomis gibbosus (2–4%). In the individuals of Syngnathus abaster nigro lineatus affected by parasitic nematodes of the genus Ascaris, the number of erythrocytes with pathologies increased to 81%. Under the toxic load, destabilization of the fish circulatory system begins with the appearance of the young forms of erythrocytes as compensation for depleted mature erythrocytes and ends with the mass destruction of mature erythrocytes. Given these patterns, as well as the relatively low number of young ballast forms of erythrocytes and mature erythrocytes with pathological features, we can assume that the state of the red blood cells in the studied young fishes meets the conditional norm, with the exception of the blood of Syngnathus abaster nigro lineatus infected with parasites. In our opinion, the main characteristics of the fish red blood that reflect the fishes’ adaptive capacities are as follows: eccentricity ratio of erythrocytes, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, ratio of the young ballast forms of erythrocytes, and the relative number of erythrocytes with pathology.
{"title":"The red blood cells cytometric characteristics of young fresh-water fish of various families","authors":"T. Sharamok, N. Yesipova, V. Kurchenko","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-5","url":null,"abstract":"The morphometric indices of red blood cells of young fish of various species inhabiting coastal zones of the water bodies were studied. The subjects of the research were the fish of four families: Carp (Alburnus alburnus, Carassius gibelio, Rhodeus amarus, Abramis brama, Rutilus rutilus), Needles (Syngnathus abaster nigro lineatus), Centrarchidae (Lepomis gibbosus), Loaches (Cobitis taenia taenia), Gobies (Neogobius fluviatilis). The hydroecological conditions were characterized by an intense oxygen regime, high content of phosphates, and heavy metals (zinc). The fish peripheral blood was taken from the tail vein; smears were made according to the classical Romanowsky-Giemsa method. Our research showed that the red blood cells of young fish belonging to the ecological group of inactive and unpretentious species (Neogobius fluviatilis, Carassius gibelio) had the largest cross-sectional area and a high index of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. The indicators of erythrocyte eccentricity were the highest in the active fish with high energy costs (Alburnus alburnus, Lepomis gibbosus). The largest number of erythrocytes with pathological events (cytolysis, karyolysis, pyknosis, poikilocytosis) was observed in the young Alburnus alburnus (14%), and the smallest one in Rhodeus amarus and Lepomis gibbosus (2–4%). In the individuals of Syngnathus abaster nigro lineatus affected by parasitic nematodes of the genus Ascaris, the number of erythrocytes with pathologies increased to 81%. Under the toxic load, destabilization of the fish circulatory system begins with the appearance of the young forms of erythrocytes as compensation for depleted mature erythrocytes and ends with the mass destruction of mature erythrocytes. Given these patterns, as well as the relatively low number of young ballast forms of erythrocytes and mature erythrocytes with pathological features, we can assume that the state of the red blood cells in the studied young fishes meets the conditional norm, with the exception of the blood of Syngnathus abaster nigro lineatus infected with parasites. In our opinion, the main characteristics of the fish red blood that reflect the fishes’ adaptive capacities are as follows: eccentricity ratio of erythrocytes, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, ratio of the young ballast forms of erythrocytes, and the relative number of erythrocytes with pathology.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"51 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80224760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-6
Y. Batuieva, O. Avksentieva
The present paper concerns the influence of selective light irradiation of various spectrums ‒ red (RL, 660 nm), green (GL, 530 nm), and blue (BL, 450 nm) on the proliferative activity of root meristem cells, biomass accumulation, and growth processes in the above-ground and underground parts of etiolated soybean seedlings. Seedlings of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) of two varieties, contrasting in photoperiodic reaction, the short-day variety Khadzhibei and the photoperiodic-neutral variety Yatran, were used as plant material. Sterilized soybean seeds were germinated in Petri dishes for three days in darkness at 22±1°C. After that, their photoreceptor system was activated by irradiation with monochromatic light of red, green, and blue spectrums for five days, 30 minutes daily, with the use of Korobov LED matrices. Control plants were cultivated under the same conditions but without selective light exposure. Samples for the proliferative activity analysis were taken in dynamics on the 6th, 7th, and 8th days of the experiment. The seedlings’ growth reaction was analyzed at the end of the experiment, on the 11th day. The experiments showed that axial organs of soybean seedlings react in different ways when exposed to selective light of various spectrums: linear measures of the seedlings’ above-ground part largely depend on the RL impact, while the root system reacts more actively to the BL impact. Under activation of the phytochrome system with RL, the above-ground part of seedlings changes its morphogenetic development program from scotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis. At the same time, biomass accumulation in the etiolated seedlings of the short-day Khadzhibey variety was influenced by irradiation with all the applied spectra; the biomass of photoperiodic-neutral soybean seedlings of the Yatran variety was affected only by RL. The root meristem of etiolated soybean seedlings of the Khadzhibey variety was sensitive to both RL and BL irradiation, while that of the seedlings of the Yatran variety reacted to a greater extent to the BL and GL exposure. Based on the results obtained, we suppose that soybean seedlings with contrasting photoperiodic sensitivity have different compositions and activity of photoreceptor systems. It is manifested in regulation of the meristem proliferative activity, growth, and morphogenetic processes.
本文研究了红(RL, 660 nm)、绿(GL, 530 nm)、蓝(BL, 450 nm)不同光谱的选择性光照射对黄化大豆幼苗地上部和地下部根分生组织细胞增殖活性、生物量积累和生长过程的影响。大豆幼苗(Glycine max (L.))以短日照品种Khadzhibei和光周期中性品种Yatran为材料，对比了两个品种的光周期反应。无菌的大豆种子在培养皿中22±1℃黑暗条件下发芽3天。之后，使用Korobov LED矩阵，用红、绿、蓝光谱的单色光照射5天，每天30分钟，激活他们的光感受器系统。对照植株在相同条件下栽培，但不选择性光照。分别于实验第6、7、8天动态取样进行增殖活性分析。在试验结束的第11天，分析幼苗的生长反应。试验表明，大豆幼苗轴向器官在不同光谱的选择性光照射下表现出不同的反应方式:幼苗地上部分的线性测量主要取决于RL的影响，而根系对BL的影响反应更为积极。在RL激活光敏色素系统的作用下，幼苗地上部分的形态发育过程由卵形态发生向光形态发生转变。同时，辐照对短日品种卡德兹贝黄化苗生物量积累有一定的影响;雅然品种光周期中性大豆幼苗生物量仅受光照影响。Khadzhibey品种黄化大豆幼苗的根分生组织对RL和BL照射均敏感，而Yatran品种幼苗的根分生组织对BL和GL照射的反应程度更大。基于这些结果，我们推测具有不同光周期敏感性的大豆幼苗具有不同的光感受器系统组成和活性。它表现在对分生组织增殖活性、生长和形态发生过程的调节。
{"title":"Regulation of the mitotic activity of root meristems and growth processes of soybean seedlings with a contrasting photoperiodic response by selective light","authors":"Y. Batuieva, O. Avksentieva","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-6","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper concerns the influence of selective light irradiation of various spectrums ‒ red (RL, 660 nm), green (GL, 530 nm), and blue (BL, 450 nm) on the proliferative activity of root meristem cells, biomass accumulation, and growth processes in the above-ground and underground parts of etiolated soybean seedlings. Seedlings of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) of two varieties, contrasting in photoperiodic reaction, the short-day variety Khadzhibei and the photoperiodic-neutral variety Yatran, were used as plant material. Sterilized soybean seeds were germinated in Petri dishes for three days in darkness at 22±1°C. After that, their photoreceptor system was activated by irradiation with monochromatic light of red, green, and blue spectrums for five days, 30 minutes daily, with the use of Korobov LED matrices. Control plants were cultivated under the same conditions but without selective light exposure. Samples for the proliferative activity analysis were taken in dynamics on the 6th, 7th, and 8th days of the experiment. The seedlings’ growth reaction was analyzed at the end of the experiment, on the 11th day. The experiments showed that axial organs of soybean seedlings react in different ways when exposed to selective light of various spectrums: linear measures of the seedlings’ above-ground part largely depend on the RL impact, while the root system reacts more actively to the BL impact. Under activation of the phytochrome system with RL, the above-ground part of seedlings changes its morphogenetic development program from scotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis. At the same time, biomass accumulation in the etiolated seedlings of the short-day Khadzhibey variety was influenced by irradiation with all the applied spectra; the biomass of photoperiodic-neutral soybean seedlings of the Yatran variety was affected only by RL. The root meristem of etiolated soybean seedlings of the Khadzhibey variety was sensitive to both RL and BL irradiation, while that of the seedlings of the Yatran variety reacted to a greater extent to the BL and GL exposure. Based on the results obtained, we suppose that soybean seedlings with contrasting photoperiodic sensitivity have different compositions and activity of photoreceptor systems. It is manifested in regulation of the meristem proliferative activity, growth, and morphogenetic processes.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83342057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-4
Y. Mahmudova
The research was conducted from 1998 to 2019 at the nine water bodies of Azerbaijan. During the study, 94 individuals of the Little Grebes (Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas, 1764)) were examined by the method of complete helminthological dissection. As a result, 12 trematode species belonging to one order, seven families, and eight genera were found: Patagifer bilobus, Petasiger megacantha, P. skrjabini, Echinochasmus coaxatus, E. dietzevi, E. mordax, Mesorchis pseudoechinatus, Cryptocotyle concavum, Metorchis intermedius, Eucotyle cohni, Strigea falconis, Hysteromorpha triloba. Of these, three species (Petasiger megacantha, Echinochasmus coaxatus and E. dietzevi) are specific grebe parasites, while the others infect various waterfowl. Except for Strigea falconis, whose cercariae penetrate actively into the bird’s body and transform into metacercarie, all the trematode found are ingested by the birds and mature in their intestine. The grebe, as a fish-eating bird, is infected with six trematode species (Patagifer bilobus, Petasiger megacantha, Mesorchis pseudoechinatus, Cryptocotyle concavum, Metorchis intermedius, Hysteromorpha triloba) that parasite in fish at the stage of metacercaria. Other species use aquatic invertebrates as second intermediate hosts. We established that species diversity of the grebe trematodes depended on the reservoir size and the richness of its hydrofauna, increasing with the increase of both factors. The differences between the faunas of grebe trematodes in various water bodies depended on the distance between them and the similarity of their living conditions. Seven grebe trematode species (Petasiger megacantha, P. skrjabini, Echinochasmus coaxatus, E. dietzevi, Cryptocotyle concavum, Metorchis intermedius, Eucotyle cohni) belong to the northern group of helminthes, while the five species (Patagifer bilobus, Echinochasmus mordax, Mesorchis pseudoechinatus, Strigea falconis, Hysteromorpha triloba) are ubiquitous. Southern trematode species were absent from the examined birds. Presumably, this can be explained by the dominance of grebes from northern populations wintering on the water bodies of Azerbaijan.
{"title":"Ecological and faunistic analyses of the trematodes of the Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas, 1764)) in Azerbaijan","authors":"Y. Mahmudova","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-4","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted from 1998 to 2019 at the nine water bodies of Azerbaijan. During the study, 94 individuals of the Little Grebes (Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas, 1764)) were examined by the method of complete helminthological dissection. As a result, 12 trematode species belonging to one order, seven families, and eight genera were found: Patagifer bilobus, Petasiger megacantha, P. skrjabini, Echinochasmus coaxatus, E. dietzevi, E. mordax, Mesorchis pseudoechinatus, Cryptocotyle concavum, Metorchis intermedius, Eucotyle cohni, Strigea falconis, Hysteromorpha triloba. Of these, three species (Petasiger megacantha, Echinochasmus coaxatus and E. dietzevi) are specific grebe parasites, while the others infect various waterfowl. Except for Strigea falconis, whose cercariae penetrate actively into the bird’s body and transform into metacercarie, all the trematode found are ingested by the birds and mature in their intestine. The grebe, as a fish-eating bird, is infected with six trematode species (Patagifer bilobus, Petasiger megacantha, Mesorchis pseudoechinatus, Cryptocotyle concavum, Metorchis intermedius, Hysteromorpha triloba) that parasite in fish at the stage of metacercaria. Other species use aquatic invertebrates as second intermediate hosts. We established that species diversity of the grebe trematodes depended on the reservoir size and the richness of its hydrofauna, increasing with the increase of both factors. The differences between the faunas of grebe trematodes in various water bodies depended on the distance between them and the similarity of their living conditions. Seven grebe trematode species (Petasiger megacantha, P. skrjabini, Echinochasmus coaxatus, E. dietzevi, Cryptocotyle concavum, Metorchis intermedius, Eucotyle cohni) belong to the northern group of helminthes, while the five species (Patagifer bilobus, Echinochasmus mordax, Mesorchis pseudoechinatus, Strigea falconis, Hysteromorpha triloba) are ubiquitous. Southern trematode species were absent from the examined birds. Presumably, this can be explained by the dominance of grebes from northern populations wintering on the water bodies of Azerbaijan.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74780244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-3
H. Fu, L. Atramentova
Diploid einkorn wheat (2n = 14) is an ancient crop that people cultivate for 10 thousand years. The grain of this wheat is a valuable product for a healthy diet, which determines the increasing interest in einkorn wheat by scientists and agricultural producers. Meanwhile, the wide use of this crop is hindered by several shortcomings that complicate the usage of modern technologies: low yield, ear fragility, a tendency to lodging, and difficult grain threshing. Nevertheless, there are some preconditions for improving the agronomic properties of this crop. We carried out crosses in seven combinations with the use of three wheat species (T. boeoticum, T. monococcum, T. sinskajae) to improve the diploid einkorn wheat in terms of productivity and threshing. In total, the hybrid seed set in the crosses varies from 6.3 % to 79.7 %. In the combination of cultivated wheat T. sinskajae with wild T. boeoticum, differences in the results of reciprocal crosses are observed specifically in the hybrid seed set (in the forward cross it equals 6.3 %; in the reverse one, 48.9 %). Hybrids from reciprocal crosses of T. monococcum var. sofianum UA0300649 and T. sinskajae f. aristata were equivalent in seed set (72 and 82 %) and inheritance patterns and had similar quantitative traits. In other combinations, the seed set varied from 12.5 to 45.6 %. Hybrid depression was the most frequent (22 cases out of 49) inheritance type of the F1 quantitative traits in einkorns; dominance of the parent form with a large trait manifestation was registered in 11 cases, and heterosis in four cases. In hybrids, the inheritance of spike length is correlated with the inheritance type of the ear number (r = 0.92) and the grain number (r = 0.78) per spike. The dominance degrees after these two traits are also highly correlated (r = 0.89). The combination UA0300400 T. boeoticum var. thaoudar ARM / UA0300224 T. sinskajae var. sinskajae RUS, which manifested heterosis for kernel number per spike (Hp = 1.2), the weight of spike (Hp = 11.8) and weight of kernels per spike (Hp = 5.4) is of particular interest. The combination UA0300222 T. monococcum var. hohensteinii / UA0300224 T. sinskajae var. sinskajae is promising for creating easily threshed material.
二倍体小麦(2n = 14)是一种古老的作物，人们种植了一万年。这种小麦的籽粒是健康饮食的宝贵产品，这决定了科学家和农业生产者对小麦的兴趣日益增加。与此同时，这种作物的广泛应用受到一些缺点的阻碍，这些缺点使现代技术的使用复杂化:产量低、穗脆、容易倒伏和谷物脱粒困难。然而，改善这种作物的农艺性状有一些先决条件。利用3个小麦品种(T. boeoticum, T. monococum, T. sinskajae)进行7个组合的杂交，以提高二倍体小麦的产量和脱粒率。杂交结实率在6.3% ~ 79.7%之间。在栽培小麦与野生小麦组合中，正交结果的差异主要表现在杂交结实率上(正交为6.3%;相反，48.9%)。单球菌变种sofium UA0300649与sinskajae f. aristata正交杂种在结实率(72%)和遗传模式(82%)上相当，数量性状相似。在其他组合中，结实率从12.5%到45.6%不等。玉米F1数量性状的遗传型以杂交抑郁最为常见(49例中有22例);性状表现大的亲本型优势11例，杂种优势4例。在杂交种中，穗长遗传与穗穗穗数(r = 0.92)和粒数(r = 0.78)遗传类型相关。这两个性状之后的显性度也高度相关(r = 0.89)。UA0300400 T. boeoticum var. thaoudar ARM / UA0300224 T. sinskajae var. sinskajae RUS组合在穗粒数(Hp = 1.2)、穗粒重(Hp = 11.8)和穗粒重(Hp = 5.4)方面表现出显著的杂种优势。UA0300222 T. monococum var. hohensteinii / UA0300224 T. sinskajae var. sinskajae的组合有望创造易脱粒的材料。
{"title":"Inheritance of traits in F1 hybrids of diploid einkorn wheat of the spring crop","authors":"H. Fu, L. Atramentova","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-3","url":null,"abstract":"Diploid einkorn wheat (2n = 14) is an ancient crop that people cultivate for 10 thousand years. The grain of this wheat is a valuable product for a healthy diet, which determines the increasing interest in einkorn wheat by scientists and agricultural producers. Meanwhile, the wide use of this crop is hindered by several shortcomings that complicate the usage of modern technologies: low yield, ear fragility, a tendency to lodging, and difficult grain threshing. Nevertheless, there are some preconditions for improving the agronomic properties of this crop. We carried out crosses in seven combinations with the use of three wheat species (T. boeoticum, T. monococcum, T. sinskajae) to improve the diploid einkorn wheat in terms of productivity and threshing. In total, the hybrid seed set in the crosses varies from 6.3 % to 79.7 %. In the combination of cultivated wheat T. sinskajae with wild T. boeoticum, differences in the results of reciprocal crosses are observed specifically in the hybrid seed set (in the forward cross it equals 6.3 %; in the reverse one, 48.9 %). Hybrids from reciprocal crosses of T. monococcum var. sofianum UA0300649 and T. sinskajae f. aristata were equivalent in seed set (72 and 82 %) and inheritance patterns and had similar quantitative traits. In other combinations, the seed set varied from 12.5 to 45.6 %. Hybrid depression was the most frequent (22 cases out of 49) inheritance type of the F1 quantitative traits in einkorns; dominance of the parent form with a large trait manifestation was registered in 11 cases, and heterosis in four cases. In hybrids, the inheritance of spike length is correlated with the inheritance type of the ear number (r = 0.92) and the grain number (r = 0.78) per spike. The dominance degrees after these two traits are also highly correlated (r = 0.89). The combination UA0300400 T. boeoticum var. thaoudar ARM / UA0300224 T. sinskajae var. sinskajae RUS, which manifested heterosis for kernel number per spike (Hp = 1.2), the weight of spike (Hp = 11.8) and weight of kernels per spike (Hp = 5.4) is of particular interest. The combination UA0300222 T. monococcum var. hohensteinii / UA0300224 T. sinskajae var. sinskajae is promising for creating easily threshed material.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81621357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-1
R. Bondus, Y. Kharchenko, M. Furdyga, L. Mishchenko, A. Podhaietskyi, V. Hordienko, O. Hordienko, V. Koval
The article presents the results of 1954-2021 studies on the potato polymorphism as a consequence of species evolution and practical application of these investigations. The issue of adaptability of valuable genes of potato, which contributed to its preservation in nature for a long time, is covered, and the potato evolution is traced on living material. It is noted that some species of this crop do not exist any longer and, given this, the importance of the plant genetic bank as a depository of material and intellectual assets of the people of Ukraine is stressed. The studies allowed for identification of valuable potato accessions, analysis of the genealogy of individual cultivars, which provided an opportunity to investigate the relationships between modern cultivars and their ancestors. The identified or newly created valuable potato accessions found further practical use, as they were involved in breeding, scientific and educational programs. Due to multi-year research aimed at targeted involvement, effectively use and preservation of the authenticity of the valuable gene pool of potatoes as well as at optimization of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the National Bank of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine, a pedigree database on 301 accessions from 18 countries with certificates for 35 valuable unique accessions was formed and registered with the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources. We also built-up collections of 6 different types, specifically, a trait collection for yield including 46 accessions from 8 countries; a trait collection for starch content and technological scores (61 accessions from 5 countries); a working trait collection for large tubers (121 accessions from 16 countries); a working trait collection for resistance to viral diseases (31 accessions from 7 countries); and a trait collection for distinctness traits (568 accessions from 15 countries). The above collections and accessions of the potato gene pool are a concentrated reserve of valuable genes as well as material and an intellectual asset of the people of Ukraine; they play an important role in improving the welfare of the nation and the strength of the state, increase its scientific, intellectual and spiritual potentials and need preserving in a viable state and genetic integrity.
{"title":"Polymorphism of the available potato gene pool for resistance to abiotic and biotic factors of the environment and its practical use","authors":"R. Bondus, Y. Kharchenko, M. Furdyga, L. Mishchenko, A. Podhaietskyi, V. Hordienko, O. Hordienko, V. Koval","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2022-38-1","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of 1954-2021 studies on the potato polymorphism as a consequence of species evolution and practical application of these investigations. The issue of adaptability of valuable genes of potato, which contributed to its preservation in nature for a long time, is covered, and the potato evolution is traced on living material. It is noted that some species of this crop do not exist any longer and, given this, the importance of the plant genetic bank as a depository of material and intellectual assets of the people of Ukraine is stressed. The studies allowed for identification of valuable potato accessions, analysis of the genealogy of individual cultivars, which provided an opportunity to investigate the relationships between modern cultivars and their ancestors. The identified or newly created valuable potato accessions found further practical use, as they were involved in breeding, scientific and educational programs. Due to multi-year research aimed at targeted involvement, effectively use and preservation of the authenticity of the valuable gene pool of potatoes as well as at optimization of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the National Bank of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine, a pedigree database on 301 accessions from 18 countries with certificates for 35 valuable unique accessions was formed and registered with the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources. We also built-up collections of 6 different types, specifically, a trait collection for yield including 46 accessions from 8 countries; a trait collection for starch content and technological scores (61 accessions from 5 countries); a working trait collection for large tubers (121 accessions from 16 countries); a working trait collection for resistance to viral diseases (31 accessions from 7 countries); and a trait collection for distinctness traits (568 accessions from 15 countries). The above collections and accessions of the potato gene pool are a concentrated reserve of valuable genes as well as material and an intellectual asset of the people of Ukraine; they play an important role in improving the welfare of the nation and the strength of the state, increase its scientific, intellectual and spiritual potentials and need preserving in a viable state and genetic integrity.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87960681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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