Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2220-8089-2020-37-18
The Republic of Azerbaijan’s state hood development process state and stages, the features of which are determined by the specifics of history, geographical, geopolitical, national, and cultural factors, are considered. The role of the nation-state as the only possible political institution that can defend national interests both within the country (in the economic, sociocultural, domestic political spheres) and in the international arena is highlighted. The growing role of the modern state in preserving its sovereignty in the era of the formation of a multipolar post-globalization world and the effective use of its own natural and other resources for the benefit of the citizens of their country is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the relations of Azerbaijan as one of the countries of the South Caucasus with powerful geopolitical actors, with the European Unionin particular. The presence of the unresolved problem of the prolonged Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict, which is a threat to the national sovereignty of Azerbaijan, is brought up. The specifics of Azerbaijan’s relations with the European Union are explained, namely: on the one hand, the importance of Azerbaijan as a transit country and supplier of gas and oil resources of the Caspian basin to the EU, and on the other hand, constant pressure on the political leadership of Azerbaijan to force them to make structural political changes and steadily implement generally accepted in Western Europe, democratic principles and values. The gradual transformation of the policy of the European Union itself is emphasized in the sense of closer proximity to a realistic assessment of its relations with member countries, neighboring countries, and associate members.
{"title":"EUROPEAN ASPECT OF AZERBAIJAN'S FOREIGN POLICY","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2220-8089-2020-37-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2020-37-18","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of Azerbaijan’s state hood development process state and stages, the features of which are determined by the specifics of history, geographical, geopolitical, national, and cultural factors, are considered. The role of the nation-state as the only possible political institution that can defend national interests both within the country (in the economic, sociocultural, domestic political spheres) and in the international arena is highlighted. The growing role of the modern state in preserving its sovereignty in the era of the formation of a multipolar post-globalization world and the effective use of its own natural and other resources for the benefit of the citizens of their country is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the relations of Azerbaijan as one of the countries of the South Caucasus with powerful geopolitical actors, with the European Unionin particular. The presence of the unresolved problem of the prolonged Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict, which is a threat to the national sovereignty of Azerbaijan, is brought up. The specifics of Azerbaijan’s relations with the European Union are explained, namely: on the one hand, the importance of Azerbaijan as a transit country and supplier of gas and oil resources of the Caspian basin to the EU, and on the other hand, constant pressure on the political leadership of Azerbaijan to force them to make structural political changes and steadily implement generally accepted in Western Europe, democratic principles and values. The gradual transformation of the policy of the European Union itself is emphasized in the sense of closer proximity to a realistic assessment of its relations with member countries, neighboring countries, and associate members.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76848792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2020-35-5
The model of congenic strains of Drosophila melanogaster was used to investigate the peculiarities of the effect of mutations in yellow (y), ebony (e), and black (b) genes involved in biogenesis of cuticle pigments on imago mating behavior indicators. The aim of this study was to find out if the effect of the given mutations on Drosophila imago mating behavior depends on the general genetic background on which they are realized. To achieve this goal, pairs of congenic strains were constructed using successive saturation crosses followed by selection for the marker phenotype resulted in each of the mutant alleles introduced in homozygous condition into the genotype of either Canton-S or Oregon-R wild-type stock instead of the corresponding wild-type allele present in these stocks initially. Individuals of strains resulted were tested for mating receptivity of females and mating activity of males. Each of the indicators was evaluated as a proportion of sexually mature but virgin individuals of a particular sex copulated successfully within the first hour after placing them in a test chamber with an excess of individuals of the opposite sex. According to the data obtained and the results of their statistical analysis, it was proved that the introduction of a mutation into the genetic background of the wild-type stock is accompanied with a change in the studied characteristics of imago mating behavior. The effect depends on the mutation introduced and on the genotype of the recipient stock. Thus, males of the yC-S strain are characterized by increased mating activity comparatively to males of the wild-type Canton-S stock. These results expand the known effects of yellow mutation. Males of the bC-S and eC-S strains, on the contrary, are less active than the males of the wild-type Canton-S stock. The most pronounced effects on mating receptivity of females were fixed for b (an increase in the indicator when introduced into Oregon genetic background) and e (a decrease when introduced into Canton-S genetic background) mutations. The indicators studied under the conditions of the given experimental scheme change in direct proportion (rS = 0,76; p < 0,05). In other words, if the strain is characterized by high mating activity of males, as a rule, a high mating receptivity of females will be also observed.
{"title":"Effects of body pigmentation mutations on Drosophila melanogaster mating behavior","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2020-35-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2020-35-5","url":null,"abstract":"The model of congenic strains of Drosophila melanogaster was used to investigate the peculiarities of the effect of mutations in yellow (y), ebony (e), and black (b) genes involved in biogenesis of cuticle pigments on imago mating behavior indicators. The aim of this study was to find out if the effect of the given mutations on Drosophila imago mating behavior depends on the general genetic background on which they are realized. To achieve this goal, pairs of congenic strains were constructed using successive saturation crosses followed by selection for the marker phenotype resulted in each of the mutant alleles introduced in homozygous condition into the genotype of either Canton-S or Oregon-R wild-type stock instead of the corresponding wild-type allele present in these stocks initially. Individuals of strains resulted were tested for mating receptivity of females and mating activity of males. Each of the indicators was evaluated as a proportion of sexually mature but virgin individuals of a particular sex copulated successfully within the first hour after placing them in a test chamber with an excess of individuals of the opposite sex. According to the data obtained and the results of their statistical analysis, it was proved that the introduction of a mutation into the genetic background of the wild-type stock is accompanied with a change in the studied characteristics of imago mating behavior. The effect depends on the mutation introduced and on the genotype of the recipient stock. Thus, males of the yC-S strain are characterized by increased mating activity comparatively to males of the wild-type Canton-S stock. These results expand the known effects of yellow mutation. Males of the bC-S and eC-S strains, on the contrary, are less active than the males of the wild-type Canton-S stock. The most pronounced effects on mating receptivity of females were fixed for b (an increase in the indicator when introduced into Oregon genetic background) and e (a decrease when introduced into Canton-S genetic background) mutations. The indicators studied under the conditions of the given experimental scheme change in direct proportion (rS = 0,76; p < 0,05). In other words, if the strain is characterized by high mating activity of males, as a rule, a high mating receptivity of females will be also observed.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84297796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2020-35-2
The results of ecological and floristic studies of the rarity component of the urban flora of Kharkiv City in the valley of the Udy River within the Novobovarskyi microdistrict are presented. Field studies were conducted in 2017‒2020. A triangular section of 30.48 hectares was investigated near the Novozhanovo railway station. It is located on the left bank of the river Udy and is bounded on both sides by railway embankments. The Udy River valley is situated in the northeast of the city, mainly in the previously underdeveloped areas; its significant part lays in the exclusion zone of the Kharkiv railway junction and road transport routes. A large area of the river valley is swampy, therefore unsuitable for economic use. The Udianskyi eco-corridor of local importance passes through the city. It consists of two key areas: the Zhovtnevyi Hydropark wetlands and the Kriukivskyi hydrological reserve of local importance. Currently, it has been proposed to create a botanical preserve of local importance "Novozhanivskyi" for the protection of species and associations rare for Kharkiv Region and for conservation of the true meadow formation (Prata genuine) of the class Festuceta pratensis. The site is of scientific importance, since a number of species growing there are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine and need protection under Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) – Ophioglossum vulgatum, Botrychium lunaria, Anacamptis coriophora, A. palustris, Epipactis palustris, Parnassia palustris, Centaurium erythraea, C. pulchellum, Valeriana officinalis, Inula helenium, Dianthus stenocalyx. The investigated area phytodiversity is represented by meadow and psammophytic species of vascular plants: Calamagrostis epigeios, Agrostis vinealis, Poa pratensis, Koeleria cristata, Nardus stricta, Sieglingia decumbens, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Festuca orientalis, Juncus gerardii, Botrychium lunaria, Genista tinctoria, Solidago virgaurea, Euphrasia pectinata, Stellaria graminea, Hieracium villosum, H. umbellatum, Polygala sibirica, Plantago lanceolata, Equisetum arvense, Achillea submillefolium. For the five plant species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, the distribution maps within the area of proposed preserve are given.
{"title":"Materials to the creation of the botanical preserve of local importance «Novozhanivskyi»","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2020-35-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2020-35-2","url":null,"abstract":"The results of ecological and floristic studies of the rarity component of the urban flora of Kharkiv City in the valley of the Udy River within the Novobovarskyi microdistrict are presented. Field studies were conducted in 2017‒2020. A triangular section of 30.48 hectares was investigated near the Novozhanovo railway station. It is located on the left bank of the river Udy and is bounded on both sides by railway embankments. The Udy River valley is situated in the northeast of the city, mainly in the previously underdeveloped areas; its significant part lays in the exclusion zone of the Kharkiv railway junction and road transport routes. A large area of the river valley is swampy, therefore unsuitable for economic use. The Udianskyi eco-corridor of local importance passes through the city. It consists of two key areas: the Zhovtnevyi Hydropark wetlands and the Kriukivskyi hydrological reserve of local importance. Currently, it has been proposed to create a botanical preserve of local importance \"Novozhanivskyi\" for the protection of species and associations rare for Kharkiv Region and for conservation of the true meadow formation (Prata genuine) of the class Festuceta pratensis. The site is of scientific importance, since a number of species growing there are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine and need protection under Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) – Ophioglossum vulgatum, Botrychium lunaria, Anacamptis coriophora, A. palustris, Epipactis palustris, Parnassia palustris, Centaurium erythraea, C. pulchellum, Valeriana officinalis, Inula helenium, Dianthus stenocalyx. The investigated area phytodiversity is represented by meadow and psammophytic species of vascular plants: Calamagrostis epigeios, Agrostis vinealis, Poa pratensis, Koeleria cristata, Nardus stricta, Sieglingia decumbens, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Festuca orientalis, Juncus gerardii, Botrychium lunaria, Genista tinctoria, Solidago virgaurea, Euphrasia pectinata, Stellaria graminea, Hieracium villosum, H. umbellatum, Polygala sibirica, Plantago lanceolata, Equisetum arvense, Achillea submillefolium. For the five plant species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, the distribution maps within the area of proposed preserve are given.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78060788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2220-8089-2020-37-03
There is a need to distinguish between modernization as a theory and as a process. It is noted that modernization should also be distinguished in a broad sense (as a constant process of producing certain responses to environmental challenges) and in a narrow sense (as a process of learning models of economic, social, political and cultural development of Western society). The content of the theory of modernization as an interdisciplinary system of views, ideas, schemes, and models of analysis is revealed, which reveals the dynamics of overcoming the backwardness of traditional societies, studies the patterns of transformation of transitional societies into modern, developed ones. As a process, modernization is interpreted by modern science as a process of acquisition by less developed societies of a number of features characteristic of more developed societies. There are several stages in the evolution of the theory of modernization, the features of each of them are considered. The first stage (mid-1950s and 1960s) was the period of the origin and formation of the theory of modernization, the development of concrete-oriented models of socio-economic development based on it. At the second stage of modernization there was a reassessment of the ideas of the first stage, analysis of miscalculations identified in socio-political practice. It has been proved that modernization has an inverse vector. The main element on which the nature of transitional processes and transformations depends, began to be considered a socio-cultural factor. The third, modern, stage of modernization (late 1980s - early 1990s) took place in the context of the collapse of the world socialist system, when post-socialist countries tried to become on a par with developed Western countries through Westernization. There is an error in the mechanical transfer of the Western model to other countries due to disregard for the different potential of their development and the ability of developed countries to constantly improve their system. It turns out that at the present stage it is worth talking more about "post-modernization", which is based on the desire for deep understanding of various social and political actors in society, the search for new social values, the ability to compromise on fundamental political issues and more.
{"title":"CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE THEORY OF MODERNIZATION IN MODERN POLITICAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2220-8089-2020-37-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2020-37-03","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need to distinguish between modernization as a theory and as a process. It is noted that modernization should also be distinguished in a broad sense (as a constant process of producing certain responses to environmental challenges) and in a narrow sense (as a process of learning models of economic, social, political and cultural development of Western society). The content of the theory of modernization as an interdisciplinary system of views, ideas, schemes, and models of analysis is revealed, which reveals the dynamics of overcoming the backwardness of traditional societies, studies the patterns of transformation of transitional societies into modern, developed ones. As a process, modernization is interpreted by modern science as a process of acquisition by less developed societies of a number of features characteristic of more developed societies. There are several stages in the evolution of the theory of modernization, the features of each of them are considered. The first stage (mid-1950s and 1960s) was the period of the origin and formation of the theory of modernization, the development of concrete-oriented models of socio-economic development based on it. At the second stage of modernization there was a reassessment of the ideas of the first stage, analysis of miscalculations identified in socio-political practice. It has been proved that modernization has an inverse vector. The main element on which the nature of transitional processes and transformations depends, began to be considered a socio-cultural factor. The third, modern, stage of modernization (late 1980s - early 1990s) took place in the context of the collapse of the world socialist system, when post-socialist countries tried to become on a par with developed Western countries through Westernization. There is an error in the mechanical transfer of the Western model to other countries due to disregard for the different potential of their development and the ability of developed countries to constantly improve their system. It turns out that at the present stage it is worth talking more about \"post-modernization\", which is based on the desire for deep understanding of various social and political actors in society, the search for new social values, the ability to compromise on fundamental political issues and more.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78165304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-07DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2019-33-1
І. В. Нікітченко, А. К. Павлій, Т. В. Бараннік, В. Г. Гевоян
Heme (iron-protoporphyrin IX) is involved in various cellular functions. The release of heme under hemolysis or under the damage of intracellular hemeproteins leads to its accumulation in tissues and, as a result, to the activation of free radical processes. Reduced glutathione (GSH) functions as an endogenous water-soluble antioxidant and a regulator of cells redox status, but its effect on the development of oxidative stress under hemin action in mammals remains not investigated. The aim of this work was to study the effect of hemin chloride on some hemeproteins activity and a number of prooxidant-antioxidant status indexes in rat liver and blood under GSH level modulation in vivo. White male rats weighing 170–280 g were taken for investigation. Hemin chloride and GSH were injected intraperitoneally. Blood plasma, homogenate, and postmitochondrial fraction of liver were the objects of study. Hemin chloride injection (50 mg/kg body weight) caused the increase in heme-containing products level in blood and free heme level in liver of rats, which was accompanied by the activation of free radical processes in these tissues. The accumulation of free heme in liver was proved by an increase in tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) holoenzyme activity and heme saturation. The pretreatment by GSH (500 mg/kg body weight) 0.5 h before hemin chloride injection normalized GSH content, but did not prevent heme accumulation, the decrease in triglycerides level and the increase in lipid hydroperoxides content in rat blood plasma under hemin action. In liver, GSH injection prevented the increase in lipid hydroperoxides and protein carbonyl derivatives concentration as well as in TDO holoenzyme activity, and decreased the degree of TDO heme saturation. All these changes occurred under GSH content increase in liver. Catalase activity in liver did not differ from the control values after hemin chloride injection as well as after glutathione and hemin coadministration. The analysis of relationship between parameters studied in this work revealed the strong positive correlation between GSH content in plasma and liver (r=0.85; p<0.001), which was consistent with literature data on the significant role of liver in supplying other tissues with reduced glutathione. A negative correlation was found between lipid peroxidation products and triglycerides content in plasma (r=–0.52; p<0.05), which indicated the participation of triglycerides unsaturated fatty acids as substrates in the peroxidation processes under hemin action. No significant correlation between GSH and hydroperoxides content, as well as between GSH and heme-containing products levels in blood plasma was revealed. Thus, the water-soluble antioxidant glutathione was not effective enough to prevent damage of lipid components in blood under hemin chloride action in the selected dose. In the liver, on the contrary, GSH injection prevented heme accumulation and oxidative stress development under hemin action, which wa
{"title":"Effect of reduced glutathione on the indexes of oxidative stress and heme metabolism in liver and blood of rats under hemin chloride injection in vivo","authors":"І. В. Нікітченко, А. К. Павлій, Т. В. Бараннік, В. Г. Гевоян","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2019-33-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2019-33-1","url":null,"abstract":"Heme (iron-protoporphyrin IX) is involved in various cellular functions. The release of heme under hemolysis or under the damage of intracellular hemeproteins leads to its accumulation in tissues and, as a result, to the activation of free radical processes. Reduced glutathione (GSH) functions as an endogenous water-soluble antioxidant and a regulator of cells redox status, but its effect on the development of oxidative stress under hemin action in mammals remains not investigated. The aim of this work was to study the effect of hemin chloride on some hemeproteins activity and a number of prooxidant-antioxidant status indexes in rat liver and blood under GSH level modulation in vivo. White male rats weighing 170–280 g were taken for investigation. Hemin chloride and GSH were injected intraperitoneally. Blood plasma, homogenate, and postmitochondrial fraction of liver were the objects of study. Hemin chloride injection (50 mg/kg body weight) caused the increase in heme-containing products level in blood and free heme level in liver of rats, which was accompanied by the activation of free radical processes in these tissues. The accumulation of free heme in liver was proved by an increase in tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) holoenzyme activity and heme saturation. The pretreatment by GSH (500 mg/kg body weight) 0.5 h before hemin chloride injection normalized GSH content, but did not prevent heme accumulation, the decrease in triglycerides level and the increase in lipid hydroperoxides content in rat blood plasma under hemin action. In liver, GSH injection prevented the increase in lipid hydroperoxides and protein carbonyl derivatives concentration as well as in TDO holoenzyme activity, and decreased the degree of TDO heme saturation. All these changes occurred under GSH content increase in liver. Catalase activity in liver did not differ from the control values after hemin chloride injection as well as after glutathione and hemin coadministration. The analysis of relationship between parameters studied in this work revealed the strong positive correlation between GSH content in plasma and liver (r=0.85; p<0.001), which was consistent with literature data on the significant role of liver in supplying other tissues with reduced glutathione. A negative correlation was found between lipid peroxidation products and triglycerides content in plasma (r=–0.52; p<0.05), which indicated the participation of triglycerides unsaturated fatty acids as substrates in the peroxidation processes under hemin action. No significant correlation between GSH and hydroperoxides content, as well as between GSH and heme-containing products levels in blood plasma was revealed. Thus, the water-soluble antioxidant glutathione was not effective enough to prevent damage of lipid components in blood under hemin chloride action in the selected dose. In the liver, on the contrary, GSH injection prevented heme accumulation and oxidative stress development under hemin action, which wa","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77041055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2220-8089-2019-35-10
The publication is devoted to the analysis of the UK exit from the European Union as a manifestation of the systemic crisis of the liberal democracy model. The causes and difficulties of this process are analyzed under the conditions of the failure of the political system to make political decisions. The problematic issues of liberal ideology and the model of liberal democracy were examined. The differences in the ideological convictions of the two founders of liberalism – Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, as well as the role of these differences in the modern functioning of liberal democracy in the United Kingdom. The role of globalization processes in the world in the context of the development and functioning of liberal democracy is analyzed. Some features of the course of globalization processes in the world are highlighted. The features of the existence of the European Union as an international supranational organization in the context of its influence on the functioning and stability of the political system of the United Kingdom are examined. The features of the functioning of the model of liberal democracy under conditions of strengthening the international way of making political, economic and legal decisions are emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the political motives of organizing of start of the process of the UK’s exit from the European Union, as well as the consequences of such a decision. In addition, the role of populist movements in this process, that have Euro-skeptical positions, has been established. The features of the functioning of populist movements are highlighted. The essence of the crisis of the model of liberal democracy in the United Kingdom is determined. The author analyzes the risks of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union in the context of a peace settlement of the conflict in Northern Ireland as one of the indicators of the crisis of the liberal political system. In conclusion is performed analysis of some results of the referendum on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union.
{"title":"BREXIT AS A MANIFESTATION OF THE CRISIS OF LIBERAL DEMOCRACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2220-8089-2019-35-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2019-35-10","url":null,"abstract":"The publication is devoted to the analysis of the UK exit from the European Union as a manifestation of the systemic crisis of the liberal democracy model. The causes and difficulties of this process are analyzed under the conditions of the failure of the political system to make political decisions. The problematic issues of liberal ideology and the model of liberal democracy were examined. The differences in the ideological convictions of the two founders of liberalism – Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, as well as the role of these differences in the modern functioning of liberal democracy in the United Kingdom. The role of globalization processes in the world in the context of the development and functioning of liberal democracy is analyzed. Some features of the course of globalization processes in the world are highlighted. The features of the existence of the European Union as an international supranational organization in the context of its influence on the functioning and stability of the political system of the United Kingdom are examined. The features of the functioning of the model of liberal democracy under conditions of strengthening the international way of making political, economic and legal decisions are emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the political motives of organizing of start of the process of the UK’s exit from the European Union, as well as the consequences of such a decision. In addition, the role of populist movements in this process, that have Euro-skeptical positions, has been established. The features of the functioning of populist movements are highlighted. The essence of the crisis of the model of liberal democracy in the United Kingdom is determined. The author analyzes the risks of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union in the context of a peace settlement of the conflict in Northern Ireland as one of the indicators of the crisis of the liberal political system. In conclusion is performed analysis of some results of the referendum on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75354292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2220-8089-2019-36-06
Майдан Свободи, Майдан Свободи
The results of the parliamentary elections of 2019 in the Republic of Moldova and the features of the structure of the state power vertical are analyzed. Using mathematical methods, the results of the parliamentary elections were also analyzed, the main determinants of the prevailing political processes, the key regions of the main political forces were determined, the general political landscape of the republic was clarified and investigated, its main laws were determined. The problematic issues of the political life and structure of the Republic of Moldova were examined. The features of the electoral legislation of the country are established. The properties of the main political parties of the republic are analyzed. Some features of the course of the national election process are highlighted. The features of the main political parties, their electoral field, ideological orientation, the history of formation and inter-party relations are considered. The factors of influence on the will of Moldovan voters are investigated. In addition, an effective number of parties has been established in the Moldovan parliament. The configurations of potential coalitions in the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova are analyzed. The ethnic component in the political life of the country is clarified. The role of the regional factor in the electoral process is emphasized. The spatial and electoral similarity of parties in the 2019 parliamentary elections was determined. The features of the functioning of the political system of the country are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the stability and capacity of possible coalitions and the success of potential coalition negotiations in general. The degree of regional homogeneity of the parties is clarified. The role of religion in the electoral process during the parliamentary elections of 2019 is determined. The results of mathematical calculations are analyzed and the results of the analysis are summed up.
{"title":"SPATIAL-ELECTORAL ANALYSIS OF THE PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS OF 2019 IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA","authors":"Майдан Свободи, Майдан Свободи","doi":"10.26565/2220-8089-2019-36-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2019-36-06","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the parliamentary elections of 2019 in the Republic of Moldova and the features of the structure of the state power vertical are analyzed. Using mathematical methods, the results of the parliamentary elections were also analyzed, the main determinants of the prevailing political processes, the key regions of the main political forces were determined, the general political landscape of the republic was clarified and investigated, its main laws were determined. The problematic issues of the political life and structure of the Republic of Moldova were examined. The features of the electoral legislation of the country are established. The properties of the main political parties of the republic are analyzed. Some features of the course of the national election process are highlighted. The features of the main political parties, their electoral field, ideological orientation, the history of formation and inter-party relations are considered. The factors of influence on the will of Moldovan voters are investigated. In addition, an effective number of parties has been established in the Moldovan parliament. The configurations of potential coalitions in the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova are analyzed. The ethnic component in the political life of the country is clarified. The role of the regional factor in the electoral process is emphasized. The spatial and electoral similarity of parties in the 2019 parliamentary elections was determined. The features of the functioning of the political system of the country are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the stability and capacity of possible coalitions and the success of potential coalition negotiations in general. The degree of regional homogeneity of the parties is clarified. The role of religion in the electoral process during the parliamentary elections of 2019 is determined. The results of mathematical calculations are analyzed and the results of the analysis are summed up.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81462036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2220-8089-2019-36-01
The article analyzes the key factors, trends and prospects for the transformation of political regimes in the context of transition to a polycentric world order. Geopolitical uncertainties are causing significant apprehension among elite and scientists at the beginning new era. This is due to some change in the hegemony of the world powers. The nature of hegemony, changing world order received special attention in the twentieth century and remains in the focus of researches to this day I Wallerstein stressed that the hegemonic states must be powerful to receive the benefits of its status. «Unipolar order» in world politics has turned out to be dysfunctional in terms of ensuring global prosperity and security, promoting democratic practices, and strengthening world order and stability across all regions. Destabilization of the entire world order is due to aggravating internal political divisions and confrontations in the USA and in the countries of the European Union. Processes of reforming new geopolitical coalitions have provided geopolitical turbulence. Turbulent world of international relations and politics is characterized by two overarching trends: (1) the supersession of geopolitics by geoeconomics; (2) mutations of the international security which is increasingly shifting from the interstate level to security threats the growing importance and intensity of conflicts between different value systems and ideologies, in particular between integrationist (such as democracy and human rights) and particularistic ideologies (such as nationalism or religious fundamentalism). Confrontation of the processes of Westernization and Easternization means the weakening of influence of Western countries and strengthening of Eastern. According to some forecasts, economic and technological revolutions will change the economies and social structures of societies; social and democratic revolutions will exert pressure on different levels of government; the geopolitical revolution will create a multipolar world. In the conditions of geopolitical turbulence main courses of power are eroded and predict the trajectories of the transformation of political regimes in the coming decades, especially in the face of strengthening Asia and Latin America, is too complicated.
{"title":"TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL MODES IN THE CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL TURBULENCE","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2220-8089-2019-36-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2019-36-01","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the key factors, trends and prospects for the transformation of political regimes in the context of transition to a polycentric world order. Geopolitical uncertainties are causing significant apprehension among elite and scientists at the beginning new era. This is due to some change in the hegemony of the world powers. The nature of hegemony, changing world order received special attention in the twentieth century and remains in the focus of researches to this day I Wallerstein stressed that the hegemonic states must be powerful to receive the benefits of its status. «Unipolar order» in world politics has turned out to be dysfunctional in terms of ensuring global prosperity and security, promoting democratic practices, and strengthening world order and stability across all regions. Destabilization of the entire world order is due to aggravating internal political divisions and confrontations in the USA and in the countries of the European Union. Processes of reforming new geopolitical coalitions have provided geopolitical turbulence. Turbulent world of international relations and politics is characterized by two overarching trends: (1) the supersession of geopolitics by geoeconomics; (2) mutations of the international security which is increasingly shifting from the interstate level to security threats the growing importance and intensity of conflicts between different value systems and ideologies, in particular between integrationist (such as democracy and human rights) and particularistic ideologies (such as nationalism or religious fundamentalism). Confrontation of the processes of Westernization and Easternization means the weakening of influence of Western countries and strengthening of Eastern. According to some forecasts, economic and technological revolutions will change the economies and social structures of societies; social and democratic revolutions will exert pressure on different levels of government; the geopolitical revolution will create a multipolar world. In the conditions of geopolitical turbulence main courses of power are eroded and predict the trajectories of the transformation of political regimes in the coming decades, especially in the face of strengthening Asia and Latin America, is too complicated.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82244032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2019-33-5
Ю. Герман, О. В. Легостаєва, О. М. Бабика, O. V. L. O. Y. German, O. M. Babyka
The bystander effect refers to the non-target effects of ionizing radiation and it is the occurrence of radiation damages in the cells that have not been exposed to direct action of ionizing radiation. The aim of the study is to investigate the possibility of forming the “bystander effect” during the germination of irradiated and intact seeds of some soybean Glycine max (L.) Mer. varieties in the common aquatic environment. The soybean seeds of the Raiduga and Sprytna varieties (obtained by selection) and the genetically modified Apollo variety had been exposed to γ-radiation at a dose of 40 Gy. The mitotic activity of the seedlings root meristem cells of irradiated (IR) and intact (IN) seeds, as well as intact seeds, which were germinated in the same aqueous medium together with irradiated (INIR), was analyzed. The similar levels of mitotic activity were observed in seedlings of breeding varieties in “IN” variant, while cells in genetically modified variety divided more intensively. Radiation exposure in a dose of 40 Gy increased the level of mitotic activity in all varieties. The values of the mitotic indices increased 2 times in the varieties of Raiduga and Sprytna. The increase in Apollo variety was less significant, but this may be due to a high level of mitotic activity in the control variant. Irradiation also contributed to the appearance of chromosomal aberrations: fragments and bridges. The increase in mitotic activity in the meristem of the studied varieties to the mentioned levels may indicate the presence of a pool of meristem cells that can accelerate the passage of phases of the mitotic cycle under extreme conditions. Mitotic activity increased in the “INIR” variant in all investigated varieties. The largest excess over the “IN” was in Sprytna, a little less in the variety Raiduga. The proliferative activity in the Apollo variety meristem remained almost unchanged. Thus, the work shows the possibility of a “bystander effect” forming under the condition of joint germination of irradiated and intact seeds in the common aquatic environment. The intensity of “bystander effect” formation depends on the genotype and start mitotic potential.
旁观者效应是指电离辐射的非靶效应，是指未受到电离辐射直接作用的细胞发生辐射损伤。本研究旨在探讨某些大豆甘氨酸(Glycine max (L.))辐照后完整种子萌发过程中形成“旁观者效应”的可能性。海洋博物馆。品种常见于水生环境。将Raiduga和Sprytna品种(通过选择获得)和转基因Apollo品种的大豆种子暴露在40 Gy剂量的γ辐射下。分析了辐照种子(IR)和完整种子(IN)幼苗根分生组织细胞的有丝分裂活性，以及与辐照种子(INIR)一起在同一水培养基中萌发的完整种子。在“in”变异育种品种的幼苗中观察到类似水平的有丝分裂活性，而转基因品种的细胞分裂更强烈。40戈瑞剂量的辐射暴露增加了所有品种的有丝分裂活性水平。有丝分裂指数在赖杜加和斯普莱纳品种中增加了2倍。阿波罗品种的增加不太显著，但这可能是由于控制变种的高水平有丝分裂活性。照射也导致染色体畸变的出现:片段和桥。所研究品种的分生组织有丝分裂活性增加到上述水平，可能表明在极端条件下，分生组织细胞池的存在可以加速有丝分裂周期阶段的通过。在所有被调查的品种中，“INIR”变异的有丝分裂活性都有所增加。超过“IN”的最多的是Sprytna, Raiduga品种稍少。阿波罗品种分生组织的增殖活性几乎保持不变。因此，本研究表明，在普通水生环境中，辐照和完好的种子共同发芽的情况下，可能会形成“旁观者效应”。“旁观者效应”形成的强度取决于基因型和起始有丝分裂潜能。
{"title":"Induction of bystander effect in root meristem of soybean seedlings after γ-irradiation","authors":"Ю. Герман, О. В. Легостаєва, О. М. Бабика, O. V. L. O. Y. German, O. M. Babyka","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2019-33-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2019-33-5","url":null,"abstract":"The bystander effect refers to the non-target effects of ionizing radiation and it is the occurrence of radiation damages in the cells that have not been exposed to direct action of ionizing radiation. The aim of the study is to investigate the possibility of forming the “bystander effect” during the germination of irradiated and intact seeds of some soybean Glycine max (L.) Mer. varieties in the common aquatic environment. The soybean seeds of the Raiduga and Sprytna varieties (obtained by selection) and the genetically modified Apollo variety had been exposed to γ-radiation at a dose of 40 Gy. The mitotic activity of the seedlings root meristem cells of irradiated (IR) and intact (IN) seeds, as well as intact seeds, which were germinated in the same aqueous medium together with irradiated (INIR), was analyzed. The similar levels of mitotic activity were observed in seedlings of breeding varieties in “IN” variant, while cells in genetically modified variety divided more intensively. Radiation exposure in a dose of 40 Gy increased the level of mitotic activity in all varieties. The values of the mitotic indices increased 2 times in the varieties of Raiduga and Sprytna. The increase in Apollo variety was less significant, but this may be due to a high level of mitotic activity in the control variant. Irradiation also contributed to the appearance of chromosomal aberrations: fragments and bridges. The increase in mitotic activity in the meristem of the studied varieties to the mentioned levels may indicate the presence of a pool of meristem cells that can accelerate the passage of phases of the mitotic cycle under extreme conditions. Mitotic activity increased in the “INIR” variant in all investigated varieties. The largest excess over the “IN” was in Sprytna, a little less in the variety Raiduga. The proliferative activity in the Apollo variety meristem remained almost unchanged. Thus, the work shows the possibility of a “bystander effect” forming under the condition of joint germination of irradiated and intact seeds in the common aquatic environment. The intensity of “bystander effect” formation depends on the genotype and start mitotic potential.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82542448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2075-5457-2019-32-11
The bivalve mollusc Sinanodonta woodiana Lea, 1834, Chinese pond mussel is a species that quickly colonizes new territories. The article presents the results of research of the morphology and ecology of the Chinese pond mussel from a Repida River (Matroska Village, Odessa Oblast) and a pond in the Hnylop’yat River basin (Romanivka Village, Zhytomir Oblast). The biomass, density, age and sex structure of the populations of these animals were analyzed. The biomass of molluscs is 227.1 and 133.5 g/m2 from the Repida River and a pond in the Romanivka Village, respectively, the density is 1.8 and 0.5 ind./m2. The age structure of the population of S. woodiana is formed by juveniles (the number of 2–3 year old molluscs is 39.5 and 57.1% of two biotopes, respectively), individuals of middle age (4–6 years old – 51.2 and 38.1%) and individuals of the senior group (9.3 and 4.8%). The ratio of age groups in the age structure is 0.8 : 1 : 0.2 for molluscs from the River Repida and 1.5 : 1 : 0.1 for a S. woodiana from the pond. In the sex structure of the molluscs from Repida River males dominated (female: male ratio is 0.7 : 1), but in the sex structure of the investigated group from a pond females were quantitatively superior to males (1.3 : 1). The presence of a significant proportion of young individuals indicate an active reproduction of the local populations. We found glochidia in the gills of females of S. woodiana with a shell length of 9.3–17.5 cm. That is, even with slow growth rates of molluscs in a reservoir with a natural temperature condition of northern Ukraine, they are capable of reproduction at 2 years of age. The data on morphometry of the shells of Chinese pond mussels and biotopical preferences of investigated population of these mollusсs are given. The high level of morphological variability of the shells of S. woodiana, in particular their shape and color, is presented. In the river near the Matroska Village, the average length of a shell is 106±9.7 mm. Molluscs from the pond in the Romanivka Village have larger sizes (132.4±6.9 mm). S. woodiana have a relatively high, short (H/L index value is 0.68 and 0.61 in molluscs from the Repida River and a pond in the Romanivka Village, respectively) and rather convex shell (W/L index is 0.37 and 0.39). After acclimatization under the new conditions, a change in the morphometric indices of the shell in mollusсs from the pond in the Romanivka Village is noticeable. Thus, a statistically significant decrease in the H/L index and an increase in the W/H index in mollusсs from the pond were noted. There were no statistically significant differences in the W/L index. Consequently, mollusсs, introduced into the pond, had an absolute increase in the size of the shell and a relative decrease in its height. The low water temperature does not limit the spread of S. woodiana.
{"title":"Intraspecific variation and population ecology of Sinanodonta woodiana (Bivalvia, Unionidae) in connection with the introduction of this species in Ukraine","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2075-5457-2019-32-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2019-32-11","url":null,"abstract":"The bivalve mollusc Sinanodonta woodiana Lea, 1834, Chinese pond mussel is a species that quickly colonizes new territories. The article presents the results of research of the morphology and ecology of the Chinese pond mussel from a Repida River (Matroska Village, Odessa Oblast) and a pond in the Hnylop’yat River basin (Romanivka Village, Zhytomir Oblast). The biomass, density, age and sex structure of the populations of these animals were analyzed. The biomass of molluscs is 227.1 and 133.5 g/m2 from the Repida River and a pond in the Romanivka Village, respectively, the density is 1.8 and 0.5 ind./m2. The age structure of the population of S. woodiana is formed by juveniles (the number of 2–3 year old molluscs is 39.5 and 57.1% of two biotopes, respectively), individuals of middle age (4–6 years old – 51.2 and 38.1%) and individuals of the senior group (9.3 and 4.8%). The ratio of age groups in the age structure is 0.8 : 1 : 0.2 for molluscs from the River Repida and 1.5 : 1 : 0.1 for a S. woodiana from the pond. In the sex structure of the molluscs from Repida River males dominated (female: male ratio is 0.7 : 1), but in the sex structure of the investigated group from a pond females were quantitatively superior to males (1.3 : 1). The presence of a significant proportion of young individuals indicate an active reproduction of the local populations. We found glochidia in the gills of females of S. woodiana with a shell length of 9.3–17.5 cm. That is, even with slow growth rates of molluscs in a reservoir with a natural temperature condition of northern Ukraine, they are capable of reproduction at 2 years of age. The data on morphometry of the shells of Chinese pond mussels and biotopical preferences of investigated population of these mollusсs are given. The high level of morphological variability of the shells of S. woodiana, in particular their shape and color, is presented. In the river near the Matroska Village, the average length of a shell is 106±9.7 mm. Molluscs from the pond in the Romanivka Village have larger sizes (132.4±6.9 mm). S. woodiana have a relatively high, short (H/L index value is 0.68 and 0.61 in molluscs from the Repida River and a pond in the Romanivka Village, respectively) and rather convex shell (W/L index is 0.37 and 0.39). After acclimatization under the new conditions, a change in the morphometric indices of the shell in mollusсs from the pond in the Romanivka Village is noticeable. Thus, a statistically significant decrease in the H/L index and an increase in the W/H index in mollusсs from the pond were noted. There were no statistically significant differences in the W/L index. Consequently, mollusсs, introduced into the pond, had an absolute increase in the size of the shell and a relative decrease in its height. The low water temperature does not limit the spread of S. woodiana.","PeriodicalId":34206,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo Natsional''nogo Universitetu Imeni VN Karazina Seriia Biologiia","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84825539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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