Pub Date : 2023-03-21DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2023.291704
Rania Hussein, E. El-Ghitany, E. Elmongui, D. Ismail, Hossam Hassan, Mohamed Gomaa
{"title":"Determinants of Severity of COVID-19 Infection Among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt","authors":"Rania Hussein, E. El-Ghitany, E. Elmongui, D. Ismail, Hossam Hassan, Mohamed Gomaa","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2023.291704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2023.291704","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86781800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2023.289124
Zeinab N. Shata, N. Mohamed, Noha Moustafa
Background: Schools are a channel to better inform, and health educate children and adolescents about the hazards of tobacco smoking increasing their chance of stopping smoking, or even prevent its sporadic or regular use. Objective(s): To assess primary public school children’s knowledge regarding smoking, its associated factors, and to evaluate the impact of an educational session about tobacco smoking on the knowledge of school children in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted targeting a total number of 565 primary public-school children by using a pre-designed self-administered questionnaire, as a tool for assessment of their knowledge before and after applying an educational session for them. Results : Current smokers among the participant students accounted for 6.1% (6.2% of girls vs. 5.9% of boys), while 7.1% were ever smokers. Students with good knowledge constituted 9.7%, while those with poor knowledge represented 37.7%. Five items showed less than 50% correct response before the intervention and improved significantly (p = 0.000) after the intervention, namely “Nicotine is the substance that gives the distinctive flavor of cigarettes and is also used as an insecticide”, “Cigarettes contain toxic substances such as arsenic and cyanide”, “Tobacco kills nearly half of its users”, “Drinking waterpipe (Shisha) is less harmful than cigarettes”, and “Electronic cigarettes have no harm and help in quitting smoking”. Education of the mother (beta = 0.139, p= 0.017), information on packets (beta = 0.135, p = 0.015), having a friend who is smoker (beta = - 0.135, p = 0.005), having a working mother (beta = 0.131, p = 0.006), gender (beta = 0.128, p = 0.007), and smoking status (beta = - 0.119, p = 0.012) were the most important predictors of the baseline knowledge score. The total knowledge of the participating students improved significantly after intervention, there was a highly statistically significant difference in the median score before and after the intervention (9 vs. 13, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The lower incidence of smoking among the children having better knowledge combined with the revealed result of the effectiveness of the educational intervention in improving the knowledge of school children especially at that young age mandate the integration of such education among the school curricula.
{"title":"Tobacco Smoking: Knowledge of Primary School Children and Impact of Educational Intervention in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Zeinab N. Shata, N. Mohamed, Noha Moustafa","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2023.289124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2023.289124","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Schools are a channel to better inform, and health educate children and adolescents about the hazards of tobacco smoking increasing their chance of stopping smoking, or even prevent its sporadic or regular use. Objective(s): To assess primary public school children’s knowledge regarding smoking, its associated factors, and to evaluate the impact of an educational session about tobacco smoking on the knowledge of school children in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted targeting a total number of 565 primary public-school children by using a pre-designed self-administered questionnaire, as a tool for assessment of their knowledge before and after applying an educational session for them. Results : Current smokers among the participant students accounted for 6.1% (6.2% of girls vs. 5.9% of boys), while 7.1% were ever smokers. Students with good knowledge constituted 9.7%, while those with poor knowledge represented 37.7%. Five items showed less than 50% correct response before the intervention and improved significantly (p = 0.000) after the intervention, namely “Nicotine is the substance that gives the distinctive flavor of cigarettes and is also used as an insecticide”, “Cigarettes contain toxic substances such as arsenic and cyanide”, “Tobacco kills nearly half of its users”, “Drinking waterpipe (Shisha) is less harmful than cigarettes”, and “Electronic cigarettes have no harm and help in quitting smoking”. Education of the mother (beta = 0.139, p= 0.017), information on packets (beta = 0.135, p = 0.015), having a friend who is smoker (beta = - 0.135, p = 0.005), having a working mother (beta = 0.131, p = 0.006), gender (beta = 0.128, p = 0.007), and smoking status (beta = - 0.119, p = 0.012) were the most important predictors of the baseline knowledge score. The total knowledge of the participating students improved significantly after intervention, there was a highly statistically significant difference in the median score before and after the intervention (9 vs. 13, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The lower incidence of smoking among the children having better knowledge combined with the revealed result of the effectiveness of the educational intervention in improving the knowledge of school children especially at that young age mandate the integration of such education among the school curricula.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79007614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2023.286592
N. A. Abd El-Fatah, Amany Aboelseoud
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include several nutrition-focused goals. Nutrition has direct effects on the second and third SDGs, namely achieving zero hunger and good health and well-being, as well as indirect effects on the first, fifth, sixth, eighth, and seventeenth. Achievement of SDG goals is a prerequisite for meeting the global nutrition targets by 2025. Despite some improvement, Egypt is falling short of meeting the majority of the nutrition targets. From a public health nutrition perspective, there are several gaps in progress toward the SDGs related to nutrition policies, programs, or intervention levels. Political commitment, multisectoral cooperation, adequate financing, scaling up existing interventions, delivering new policies, and incorporating best practices into national policies are crucial for accelerating nutrition progress. Investing in data needed and the capacity to use it, health system capacity building, service providers training, informing beneficiaries, program monitoring and evaluation, and establishing a nutrition surveillance system to adequately inform policy formation are crucial to achieving the target. In order to provide nutrition interventions in an integrated manner, a multi-systems approach should focus on the food, health, water, and sanitation systems, as well as the education and social protection systems. The food system must support low-cost and nutritionally diverse diets, healthy food environments, and positive practices. In addition, legislation, labeling, taxes, and marketing regulations are significant. In generating evidence, science and academia play a crucial role in accelerating the progress of SDG targets. This article reviews the nutritional problem in Egypt and concludes that long-term sustainable development in Egypt cannot be achieved unless malnutrition is effectively addressed (especially in anemia among preschool and school children, exclusive breastfeeding, and overweight and obesity in adolescents and adults).
{"title":"Progress in Egypt’s Sustainable Development Goals from a Public Health Nutrition Perspective","authors":"N. A. Abd El-Fatah, Amany Aboelseoud","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2023.286592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2023.286592","url":null,"abstract":"The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include several nutrition-focused goals. Nutrition has direct effects on the second and third SDGs, namely achieving zero hunger and good health and well-being, as well as indirect effects on the first, fifth, sixth, eighth, and seventeenth. Achievement of SDG goals is a prerequisite for meeting the global nutrition targets by 2025. Despite some improvement, Egypt is falling short of meeting the majority of the nutrition targets. From a public health nutrition perspective, there are several gaps in progress toward the SDGs related to nutrition policies, programs, or intervention levels. Political commitment, multisectoral cooperation, adequate financing, scaling up existing interventions, delivering new policies, and incorporating best practices into national policies are crucial for accelerating nutrition progress. Investing in data needed and the capacity to use it, health system capacity building, service providers training, informing beneficiaries, program monitoring and evaluation, and establishing a nutrition surveillance system to adequately inform policy formation are crucial to achieving the target. In order to provide nutrition interventions in an integrated manner, a multi-systems approach should focus on the food, health, water, and sanitation systems, as well as the education and social protection systems. The food system must support low-cost and nutritionally diverse diets, healthy food environments, and positive practices. In addition, legislation, labeling, taxes, and marketing regulations are significant. In generating evidence, science and academia play a crucial role in accelerating the progress of SDG targets. This article reviews the nutritional problem in Egypt and concludes that long-term sustainable development in Egypt cannot be achieved unless malnutrition is effectively addressed (especially in anemia among preschool and school children, exclusive breastfeeding, and overweight and obesity in adolescents and adults).","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86601655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2023.286393
M. Hussein
Background: Carbon footprint is a widely used tool to measure the impact of human activities on global warming . The lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly changed energy consumption forms and decreased CO 2 emissions worldwide. This research is a trial to elaborate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the carbon footprint of the High Institute of Public Health (HIPH). Objective(s): The present study aimed at measuring the amount of water, electricity, fuel, and paper consumption by HIPH before and during the emergence of COVID-19 and assessing the carbon footprint of the HIPH population inside the building through the same period. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done using a pre-designed questionnaire targeting 10 % of the HIPH population before and during the pandemic. Bills of water, electricity, paper, and fuel consumption were used to calculate the carbon footprint for one year before and one year during COVID-19. Results : Online responses increased during COVID-19 emergence (69.2% during COVID-19 pandemic versus 44.1% before COVID-19 pandemic). Females were more than 2/3 of the respondents (70.6%). There was a significant difference in traveling outside Egypt before and during COVID-19 (χ2=12.794, p -value=0.002). A significant reduction in the average time spent in front of the computer at HIPH was found during the emergence of COVID-19 as most of the work became from home (χ2= 18.443, p -value= 0.001). Significant reduction in the consumption of hot drinks, cold drinks, bottled water and food inside the HIPH was noticed (χ2=50.219, p -value<0.0001; χ2=12.030, p -value=0.017; χ2=15.945, p -value=0.004; χ2=72.929, p -value<0.0001 respectively). The carbon footprint of HIPH in the period from July 2018 to June 2019 was 79.43MT of CO 2 e. In the period from July 2020 to June 2021, it was 59.85MT of CO 2 e with a 25% reduction in the emission. Conclusion: The carbon footprint of HIPH was reduced during the lockdown period compared to that before the epidemic. So, efforts should be gathered to hasten the reduction of carbon footprint through encouraging online teaching and changing lifestyle.
背景:碳足迹是一种广泛使用的衡量人类活动对全球变暖影响的工具。新冠肺炎大流行导致的封锁显著改变了全球能源消费形式，减少了二氧化碳排放。该研究是阐明新冠疫情对公共卫生高等研究所(HIPH)碳足迹影响的一项试验。目的:本研究旨在测量HIPH在COVID-19出现之前和期间的水、电、燃料和纸张消耗量，并评估同一时期建筑物内HIPH人口的碳足迹。方法:在大流行之前和期间，使用预先设计的针对10% HIPH人群的问卷进行横断面调查。使用水、电、纸和燃料消耗的账单来计算COVID-19之前和期间一年的碳足迹。结果:在COVID-19出现期间，在线响应增加(COVID-19大流行期间为69.2%，而COVID-19大流行前为44.1%)。女性超过三分之二(70.6%)。在COVID-19之前和期间出国旅行的人数差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.794, p值=0.002)。在COVID-19出现期间，HIPH在计算机前的平均时间显着减少，因为大部分工作都是在家完成的(χ2= 18.443, p -value= 0.001)。HIPH内热饮、冷饮、瓶装水和食品的消费量显著减少(χ2=50.219, p值<0.0001;χ2=12.030, p -value=0.017;χ2=15.945, p值=0.004;χ2=72.929, p值<0.0001)。2018年7月至2019年6月期间，HIPH的碳足迹为7943 mt CO 2 e, 2020年7月至2021年6月期间，其碳足迹为59.85MT CO 2 e，排放量减少了25%。结论:与疫情前相比，封城期间HIPH的碳足迹有所减少。因此，应该通过鼓励在线教学和改变生活方式来加快减少碳足迹。
{"title":"Carbon Footprint of High Institute of Public Health Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. Hussein","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2023.286393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2023.286393","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Carbon footprint is a widely used tool to measure the impact of human activities on global warming . The lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly changed energy consumption forms and decreased CO 2 emissions worldwide. This research is a trial to elaborate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the carbon footprint of the High Institute of Public Health (HIPH). Objective(s): The present study aimed at measuring the amount of water, electricity, fuel, and paper consumption by HIPH before and during the emergence of COVID-19 and assessing the carbon footprint of the HIPH population inside the building through the same period. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done using a pre-designed questionnaire targeting 10 % of the HIPH population before and during the pandemic. Bills of water, electricity, paper, and fuel consumption were used to calculate the carbon footprint for one year before and one year during COVID-19. Results : Online responses increased during COVID-19 emergence (69.2% during COVID-19 pandemic versus 44.1% before COVID-19 pandemic). Females were more than 2/3 of the respondents (70.6%). There was a significant difference in traveling outside Egypt before and during COVID-19 (χ2=12.794, p -value=0.002). A significant reduction in the average time spent in front of the computer at HIPH was found during the emergence of COVID-19 as most of the work became from home (χ2= 18.443, p -value= 0.001). Significant reduction in the consumption of hot drinks, cold drinks, bottled water and food inside the HIPH was noticed (χ2=50.219, p -value<0.0001; χ2=12.030, p -value=0.017; χ2=15.945, p -value=0.004; χ2=72.929, p -value<0.0001 respectively). The carbon footprint of HIPH in the period from July 2018 to June 2019 was 79.43MT of CO 2 e. In the period from July 2020 to June 2021, it was 59.85MT of CO 2 e with a 25% reduction in the emission. Conclusion: The carbon footprint of HIPH was reduced during the lockdown period compared to that before the epidemic. So, efforts should be gathered to hasten the reduction of carbon footprint through encouraging online teaching and changing lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80325203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2023.294888
Jackleen Azer Abd El-Halim, E. Darwish, G. Gewaifel
Background: Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is one of the major public health problems, which in addition to physical disorders, affects patients’ quality of life (QoL). In Egypt, the prevalence of HBV is 1% while 87.2% of the liver cirrhosis patients reported poor QoL. Objective(s): The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on the QoL in Egypt. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Clinic of “On State Expenses Treatment” in Alexandria and Cairo for 18 months using WHOQO-BREF 26 questionnaire. It is composed of four domains: physical, social, psychological, and environmental. Each domain included different facets. A total of 294 HBV patients, as well as 64 physicians, as a control, participated in the study. Representation of the different chronic hepatitis B clinical stages was ensured. Results : The overall 100-format QoL score was low (0.2). The QoL score among Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients was the lowest, with the physical domain being greatly impaired, while the QoL score in the Chronic hepatitis B clinical stage was the highest, with the psychological domain showing the greatest impairment. Stepwise multiple regression modeling resulted in three main predictors (classification of the clinical stage, marital status, and smoking). These predictors were responsible for 41% of the variance in the QoL score. The classification of the clinical stage and smoking were inversely correlated to the QoL, the marital status was positively correlated. Conclusion: The current study highlighted the importance of social support in the management of CHB patients. Moreover, the rehabilitation programs in the late stages of the disease are highly recommended, as the physical aspects become more affected at the end stage of the disease, as well as psychological aspects. The importance of early diagnosis and management of cases is an important priority especially with the fact that the clinical stage is a major predictor of the overall QoL of the patients.
{"title":"The Effect of Chronic Hepatitis B on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-sectional Study on Egyptian Patients","authors":"Jackleen Azer Abd El-Halim, E. Darwish, G. Gewaifel","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2023.294888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2023.294888","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is one of the major public health problems, which in addition to physical disorders, affects patients’ quality of life (QoL). In Egypt, the prevalence of HBV is 1% while 87.2% of the liver cirrhosis patients reported poor QoL. Objective(s): The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on the QoL in Egypt. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Clinic of “On State Expenses Treatment” in Alexandria and Cairo for 18 months using WHOQO-BREF 26 questionnaire. It is composed of four domains: physical, social, psychological, and environmental. Each domain included different facets. A total of 294 HBV patients, as well as 64 physicians, as a control, participated in the study. Representation of the different chronic hepatitis B clinical stages was ensured. Results : The overall 100-format QoL score was low (0.2). The QoL score among Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients was the lowest, with the physical domain being greatly impaired, while the QoL score in the Chronic hepatitis B clinical stage was the highest, with the psychological domain showing the greatest impairment. Stepwise multiple regression modeling resulted in three main predictors (classification of the clinical stage, marital status, and smoking). These predictors were responsible for 41% of the variance in the QoL score. The classification of the clinical stage and smoking were inversely correlated to the QoL, the marital status was positively correlated. Conclusion: The current study highlighted the importance of social support in the management of CHB patients. Moreover, the rehabilitation programs in the late stages of the disease are highly recommended, as the physical aspects become more affected at the end stage of the disease, as well as psychological aspects. The importance of early diagnosis and management of cases is an important priority especially with the fact that the clinical stage is a major predictor of the overall QoL of the patients.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88583830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.258417
Dalia Eldeeb, A. Abdelmaksoud
Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and a high body mass index (BMI) are both regarded as serious public health issues. VDD has been documented at all stages of life and is frequently linked to the development of obesity. Objective(s): To measure Vitamin D (Vit. D) level in overweight and obese adult patients, and to determine the effect of anthropometric measurements on Vit. D level. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by random sampling technique, upon 250 overweight and obese adult patients (62% females and 38% males) admitted to the outpatient clinics at Alexandria Main University Hospital in the period from April 2021 to September 2021. Patients were categorized according to WHO BMI classification. Data were collected by a questionnaire through interview which included data about the patients’ sociodemographic characteristics. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, and the enzyme linked fluorescence assay (ELFA) method was employed to quantify serum 25(OH) D by using the Endocrine Society cutoffs to determine Vit. D level. Results : Among 250 overweight and obese patients, 59.2% suffered from VDD. Negative correlations were found between Vit. D levels and age (r=-0.139) , weight (r=-0.844), waist circumference (r=-0.502), and truncal fat (r=-0.395). Conclusion: More than half of the overweight and obese persons had low serum concentrations of Vit. D. Their anthropometric measurements had a negative correlation with Vit. D levels. They may need a higher dose of Vit. D supplements compared to lean subjects.
{"title":"Vitamin D Level among Overweight and Obese Adults Attending Outpatient Clinics at Alexandria Main University Hospital","authors":"Dalia Eldeeb, A. Abdelmaksoud","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.258417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.258417","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and a high body mass index (BMI) are both regarded as serious public health issues. VDD has been documented at all stages of life and is frequently linked to the development of obesity. Objective(s): To measure Vitamin D (Vit. D) level in overweight and obese adult patients, and to determine the effect of anthropometric measurements on Vit. D level. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by random sampling technique, upon 250 overweight and obese adult patients (62% females and 38% males) admitted to the outpatient clinics at Alexandria Main University Hospital in the period from April 2021 to September 2021. Patients were categorized according to WHO BMI classification. Data were collected by a questionnaire through interview which included data about the patients’ sociodemographic characteristics. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, and the enzyme linked fluorescence assay (ELFA) method was employed to quantify serum 25(OH) D by using the Endocrine Society cutoffs to determine Vit. D level. Results : Among 250 overweight and obese patients, 59.2% suffered from VDD. Negative correlations were found between Vit. D levels and age (r=-0.139) , weight (r=-0.844), waist circumference (r=-0.502), and truncal fat (r=-0.395). Conclusion: More than half of the overweight and obese persons had low serum concentrations of Vit. D. Their anthropometric measurements had a negative correlation with Vit. D levels. They may need a higher dose of Vit. D supplements compared to lean subjects.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74911945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.258199
M. A. Abd Elmaksoud, Hala Ali, B. Gharib, Sally Othman, S. Elsayed
Background: Disorders of sex development (DSD) are a category of congenital diseases characterized by aberrant internal and external genital structure development. Parental adjustment and functioning have been highlighted as being at risk in this environment. Objective(s): To compare the impact of children with XX, DSD and XY, DSD on their families, and factors influencing the burden on these parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on parents of all 72 children with DSD who were diagnosed and followed up regularly between January and May 2021 at Alexandria University Children's Hospital's Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic, Egypt. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Family Impact Module (PedsQL TM FIM) (Arabic version) version 2 was used for assessing family impact and economic burden. Results : The current study included 72 children with DSD, 57 diagnosed with 46,XX, and 15 with 46,XY. The mean age of studied children was 7.93 ± 4.03 years. Parents of children with XX, DSD had lower scores (reduced family function) on all categories (except for family relationships) of the PedsQL™ FIM version 2 questionnaire, with no statistically significant difference. The worry domain had the lowest mean scores, with 33.86 ± 21.59 in children with XX,DSD and 45.33 ± 29.79 in those with XY,DSD. Univariate and correlation analyses found that having a sibling with the same condition had a statistically significant (r=-0.359,p= 0.002) negative impact on the family. Conclusion: XX,DSD had more negative impact on parents than XY,DSD, especially in the worry domain. Additionally, having siblings with similar conditions exhibited a strong correlation to creating a negative influence.
背景:性发育障碍(DSD)是一类以内外生殖器结构发育异常为特征的先天性疾病。在这种环境中，父母的适应和功能被强调为处于危险之中。目的:比较XX、DSD患儿与XY、DSD患儿对家庭的影响及影响家长负担的因素。方法:对2021年1月至5月在埃及亚历山大大学儿童医院内分泌科门诊诊断并定期随访的所有72名DSD儿童的父母进行横断面研究。使用儿科生活质量量表™(PedsQL™)家庭影响模块(PedsQL TM FIM)(阿拉伯文版)第2版来评估家庭影响和经济负担。结果:本研究纳入72例DSD患儿，其中57例诊断为46,xx, 15例诊断为46,xy。研究儿童平均年龄为7.93±4.03岁。患有XX, DSD的儿童的父母在PedsQL™FIM version 2问卷的所有类别(家庭关系除外)中得分较低(家庭功能降低)，但差异无统计学意义。焦虑领域得分最低，XX、DSD患儿为33.86±21.59分，XY、DSD患儿为45.33±29.79分。单变量分析和相关分析发现，兄弟姐妹中有一个患有相同疾病对家庭的负面影响具有统计学意义(r=-0.359,p= 0.002)。结论:XX、DSD对家长的负面影响大于XY、DSD，尤其是在担忧领域。此外，有类似情况的兄弟姐妹与产生负面影响有很强的相关性。
{"title":"Impact of Disorders of Sex Development on Egyptian Parents and Factors Affecting Them","authors":"M. A. Abd Elmaksoud, Hala Ali, B. Gharib, Sally Othman, S. Elsayed","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.258199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.258199","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Disorders of sex development (DSD) are a category of congenital diseases characterized by aberrant internal and external genital structure development. Parental adjustment and functioning have been highlighted as being at risk in this environment. Objective(s): To compare the impact of children with XX, DSD and XY, DSD on their families, and factors influencing the burden on these parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on parents of all 72 children with DSD who were diagnosed and followed up regularly between January and May 2021 at Alexandria University Children's Hospital's Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic, Egypt. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Family Impact Module (PedsQL TM FIM) (Arabic version) version 2 was used for assessing family impact and economic burden. Results : The current study included 72 children with DSD, 57 diagnosed with 46,XX, and 15 with 46,XY. The mean age of studied children was 7.93 ± 4.03 years. Parents of children with XX, DSD had lower scores (reduced family function) on all categories (except for family relationships) of the PedsQL™ FIM version 2 questionnaire, with no statistically significant difference. The worry domain had the lowest mean scores, with 33.86 ± 21.59 in children with XX,DSD and 45.33 ± 29.79 in those with XY,DSD. Univariate and correlation analyses found that having a sibling with the same condition had a statistically significant (r=-0.359,p= 0.002) negative impact on the family. Conclusion: XX,DSD had more negative impact on parents than XY,DSD, especially in the worry domain. Additionally, having siblings with similar conditions exhibited a strong correlation to creating a negative influence.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83295368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-13DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.254505
Omnya Abdelbaky, Shaymaa M. Deifallah, G. Amin, Diaa Marzouk
Background: Developmental delays (DDs) in children are rising and necessitate routine screening for early recognition and management. Objective(s): To estimate the prevalence of developmental delays among children 2-36 months of age in a Primary Health Care (PHC) center in Cairo, Egypt. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Saraya El-Koba PHC center involving 193 children 2-36 months of age. Data were collected using Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) to assess five domains of development: communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social. Some parents’ characteristics were also included. Results : Frequency of developmental delays was 9.3%. The domains with the most frequent delays were the communication and gross motor (3.1% each) and the least was the fine motor domain (1.04%). Girls scored significantly higher than boys in the problem-solving domain (p=0.037). First to third order of birth had higher communication and social scores (p=0.025, p=0.003 respectively). Highly educated mothers had children with higher fine motor and total developmental scores (p<0.001 and 0.014 respectively), while highly educated fathers had children with higher communication scores (p=0.009). Duration of breast feeding was positively correlated with gross motor and social scores (p=0.001, p=0.042 respectively). Conclusion: The frequency of DDs was 9.3%. This prevalence is considered high compared to previous studies. It showed several associated factors and recommended early screening of preschool children for prompt recognition and timely intervention.
{"title":"Screening for Developmental Delays in Children 2-36 Months of Age in a Primary Health Care Center in Cairo, Egypt","authors":"Omnya Abdelbaky, Shaymaa M. Deifallah, G. Amin, Diaa Marzouk","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.254505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.254505","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Developmental delays (DDs) in children are rising and necessitate routine screening for early recognition and management. Objective(s): To estimate the prevalence of developmental delays among children 2-36 months of age in a Primary Health Care (PHC) center in Cairo, Egypt. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Saraya El-Koba PHC center involving 193 children 2-36 months of age. Data were collected using Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) to assess five domains of development: communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social. Some parents’ characteristics were also included. Results : Frequency of developmental delays was 9.3%. The domains with the most frequent delays were the communication and gross motor (3.1% each) and the least was the fine motor domain (1.04%). Girls scored significantly higher than boys in the problem-solving domain (p=0.037). First to third order of birth had higher communication and social scores (p=0.025, p=0.003 respectively). Highly educated mothers had children with higher fine motor and total developmental scores (p<0.001 and 0.014 respectively), while highly educated fathers had children with higher communication scores (p=0.009). Duration of breast feeding was positively correlated with gross motor and social scores (p=0.001, p=0.042 respectively). Conclusion: The frequency of DDs was 9.3%. This prevalence is considered high compared to previous studies. It showed several associated factors and recommended early screening of preschool children for prompt recognition and timely intervention.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80242796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.266381
S. Lotfy, A. Refaat, S. Amer, Sally Elotla
Background: Mental health issues are major public health concern. Primary caregivers of diabetic children carry multi-dimensional burden during management of this chronic condition and are vulnerable to various mental disorders. Objective(s): To identify the common mental health disorders and mental health help-seeking behaviors among caregivers of diabetic children. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study including primary caregivers of children with type-1 diabetes (n=151) and caregivers of non-diabetic children (n=151) was carried out at Suez Canal University and Health Insurance hospitals in Ismailia, Egypt. Participants completed a structured questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, medical histories, and recent mental health help-seeking behaviors. WHO self-reporting questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) was used to assess the suspected Common Mental Health Disorders (CMHD) among studied caregivers. Results : suspected CMHD among caregivers of diabetic children was relatively higher than the caregivers of non-diabetic children (75.5% vs. 72.2%, p = 0.513). The proportion of caregivers of diabetic children who sought formal sources of mental health help was significantly lower than caregivers of non-diabetic children (6.7% vs. 20.5%). Caregivers with suspected CMHD had significantly lower perceived mental and physical health and sought mental health help more than those with no suspected CMHD (31.8% vs. 17.7%, p =0.02). The main significant determinants of suspected CMHD were the perceived mental and physical health (p<0.001, and 0.027, respectively). Conclusion: No significant difference in CMHD existed between caregivers in studied groups. Caregivers of diabetic children were less likely to seek formal sources of mental health help-seeking. Perceived mental and physical health were the determinants of CMHD.
背景:心理健康问题是主要的公共卫生问题。糖尿病儿童的主要照顾者在治疗这一慢性疾病过程中承担着多方面的负担，并且容易受到各种精神障碍的影响。目的:了解糖尿病儿童照顾者常见的心理健康障碍及心理健康求助行为。方法:在埃及伊斯梅利亚的苏伊士运河大学和健康保险医院对1型糖尿病儿童的主要照顾者(n=151)和非糖尿病儿童的照顾者(n=151)进行比较横断面研究。参与者完成了一份结构化问卷，包括社会人口特征、病史和最近的心理健康求助行为。采用世卫组织自我报告问卷-20 (SRQ-20)评估研究对象中疑似常见精神健康障碍(CMHD)的情况。结果:糖尿病患儿护理人员疑似CMHD发生率高于非糖尿病患儿护理人员(75.5% vs. 72.2%， p = 0.513)。糖尿病儿童的照顾者寻求正规心理健康帮助的比例显著低于非糖尿病儿童的照顾者(6.7% vs. 20.5%)。疑似CMHD的护理人员的心理和身体健康状况明显低于无疑似CMHD的护理人员(31.8% vs. 17.7%， p =0.02)。疑似CMHD的主要决定因素是感知到的心理和身体健康状况(p分别<0.001和0.027)。结论:两组护理人员CMHD无显著差异。糖尿病儿童的照顾者不太可能寻求正式的心理健康帮助来源。感知到的精神和身体健康是CMHD的决定因素。
{"title":"Common Mental Health Disorders and Mental Health Help-Seeking Behaviors among Caregivers of Diabetic Children in Ismailia","authors":"S. Lotfy, A. Refaat, S. Amer, Sally Elotla","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.266381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.266381","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mental health issues are major public health concern. Primary caregivers of diabetic children carry multi-dimensional burden during management of this chronic condition and are vulnerable to various mental disorders. Objective(s): To identify the common mental health disorders and mental health help-seeking behaviors among caregivers of diabetic children. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study including primary caregivers of children with type-1 diabetes (n=151) and caregivers of non-diabetic children (n=151) was carried out at Suez Canal University and Health Insurance hospitals in Ismailia, Egypt. Participants completed a structured questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, medical histories, and recent mental health help-seeking behaviors. WHO self-reporting questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) was used to assess the suspected Common Mental Health Disorders (CMHD) among studied caregivers. Results : suspected CMHD among caregivers of diabetic children was relatively higher than the caregivers of non-diabetic children (75.5% vs. 72.2%, p = 0.513). The proportion of caregivers of diabetic children who sought formal sources of mental health help was significantly lower than caregivers of non-diabetic children (6.7% vs. 20.5%). Caregivers with suspected CMHD had significantly lower perceived mental and physical health and sought mental health help more than those with no suspected CMHD (31.8% vs. 17.7%, p =0.02). The main significant determinants of suspected CMHD were the perceived mental and physical health (p<0.001, and 0.027, respectively). Conclusion: No significant difference in CMHD existed between caregivers in studied groups. Caregivers of diabetic children were less likely to seek formal sources of mental health help-seeking. Perceived mental and physical health were the determinants of CMHD.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73009441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.266016
Samar M Aborhyem, A. Hassan, I. Wahdan
The rapid identification of infectious disease outbreaks is critical, both for effective initiation of public health intervention measures and timely alerting of government agencies and the general public. Surveillance capacity for such detection can be costly, and many countries lack the public health infrastructure to identify outbreaks at their earliest stages. Wastewater surveillance is a promising complementary approach to clinical surveillance for monitoring community outbreaks. This approach can help detect the presence of pathogens across municipalities, and estimate disease incidence independent of individual testing. Wastewater surveillance may help overcome known limitations of clinical surveillance, such as low population coverage, high costs, testing and reporting delays, and the uncertain likelihood of an individual to seek health care. It is less resource intensive than large scale clinical testing, making it an optimal and cost-effective tool for long term monitoring as well as early identification of pathogens circulating in the population.
{"title":"Wastewater Surveillance System as a Complementary Approach for Rapid Identification of Infectious Diseases Outbreaks","authors":"Samar M Aborhyem, A. Hassan, I. Wahdan","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.266016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.266016","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid identification of infectious disease outbreaks is critical, both for effective initiation of public health intervention measures and timely alerting of government agencies and the general public. Surveillance capacity for such detection can be costly, and many countries lack the public health infrastructure to identify outbreaks at their earliest stages. Wastewater surveillance is a promising complementary approach to clinical surveillance for monitoring community outbreaks. This approach can help detect the presence of pathogens across municipalities, and estimate disease incidence independent of individual testing. Wastewater surveillance may help overcome known limitations of clinical surveillance, such as low population coverage, high costs, testing and reporting delays, and the uncertain likelihood of an individual to seek health care. It is less resource intensive than large scale clinical testing, making it an optimal and cost-effective tool for long term monitoring as well as early identification of pathogens circulating in the population.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89582560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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