Pub Date : 2019-11-14DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.59201
Naglaa Abdelaziz, M. Fekry, M. Hashish
Background: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in liver or serum despite the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a frequent contaminant with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV has a negative effect on HBV disease accelerating its natural course. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the occurrence of OBI in Egyptian HIV-infected patients with isolated anti-HBc. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 197 HIV infected patients. They were tested for HBsAg, Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), and CD4 count. Patients with sole anti-HBc were screened for HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Among those patients, 13 (6.60%) were positive for HBsAg, 82 (41.62%) for anti-HBc and 70 (35.53%) for anti-HBs. Their corresponding median CD4 count was 310.00 cells/mm3, 497.50 cells/mm3 and 525.50 cells/mm3, respectively. Anti-HBc was the sole marker in 35 (17.77%) patients of whom 7 (20%) were HBV DNA positive indicating OBI. Most OBI patients were non-vaccinated against HBV. There was no significant statistical relationship between the presence of OBI and CD4 count, although most of them had CD4 count less than 500 cells/mm3. Conclusion: The present study underscores the importance of OBI screening among HIV patients with isolated anti-HBc.
{"title":"Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Egyptian HIV-Infected Patients with Isolated Anti-HBc","authors":"Naglaa Abdelaziz, M. Fekry, M. Hashish","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.59201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.59201","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in liver or serum despite the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a frequent contaminant with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV has a negative effect on HBV disease accelerating its natural course. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the occurrence of OBI in Egyptian HIV-infected patients with isolated anti-HBc. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 197 HIV infected patients. They were tested for HBsAg, Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), and CD4 count. Patients with sole anti-HBc were screened for HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Among those patients, 13 (6.60%) were positive for HBsAg, 82 (41.62%) for anti-HBc and 70 (35.53%) for anti-HBs. Their corresponding median CD4 count was 310.00 cells/mm3, 497.50 cells/mm3 and 525.50 cells/mm3, respectively. Anti-HBc was the sole marker in 35 (17.77%) patients of whom 7 (20%) were HBV DNA positive indicating OBI. Most OBI patients were non-vaccinated against HBV. There was no significant statistical relationship between the presence of OBI and CD4 count, although most of them had CD4 count less than 500 cells/mm3. Conclusion: The present study underscores the importance of OBI screening among HIV patients with isolated anti-HBc.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83732082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-02DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.56579
N. El-Nimr, S. Bassiouny, D. Tayel
Background & Objective(s): There has been a sharp increase in caffeine consumption among the Arab youth. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of caffeine consumption among Alexandria University students, to assess their caffeine daily intake, to estimate the proportion of caffeine withdrawal and intoxication among caffeine consumers and to investigate the relationship between caffeine intake with body composition, blood pressure, and caffeine withdrawal and intoxication. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 400 students from faculties of Alexandria University were included in the study. Data were collected using a predesigned structured interviewing questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure measurement. The daily dietary intake of caffeine in mg /kg body weight/day was estimated for each subject and compared to the safe levels set by the EFSA. Results: Almost all students consumed caffeinated drinks, with Cola drinks ranking 1st . About 12% had caffeine withdrawal, 0.5% suffered from caffeine intoxication and 65.3% exceeded the safe level set by the EFSA. The association between the level of caffeine consumption and the anthropometric measures was not significant, while the association between the level of caffeine consumption and blood pressure was significant. Conclusion: The consumption of caffeine containing drinks among Alexandria University students was very high and exceeded the safe levels, which calls for campaigns to increase their awareness about the impact of high consumption of caffeine containing food and beverages on their health.
{"title":"Pattern of Caffeine Consumption Among University Students","authors":"N. El-Nimr, S. Bassiouny, D. Tayel","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.56579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.56579","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Objective(s): There has been a sharp increase in caffeine consumption among the Arab youth. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of caffeine consumption among Alexandria University students, to assess their caffeine daily intake, to estimate the proportion of caffeine withdrawal and intoxication among caffeine consumers and to investigate the relationship between caffeine intake with body composition, blood pressure, and caffeine withdrawal and intoxication. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 400 students from faculties of Alexandria University were included in the study. Data were collected using a predesigned structured interviewing questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure measurement. The daily dietary intake of caffeine in mg /kg body weight/day was estimated for each subject and compared to the safe levels set by the EFSA. Results: Almost all students consumed caffeinated drinks, with Cola drinks ranking 1st . About 12% had caffeine withdrawal, 0.5% suffered from caffeine intoxication and 65.3% exceeded the safe level set by the EFSA. The association between the level of caffeine consumption and the anthropometric measures was not significant, while the association between the level of caffeine consumption and blood pressure was significant. Conclusion: The consumption of caffeine containing drinks among Alexandria University students was very high and exceeded the safe levels, which calls for campaigns to increase their awareness about the impact of high consumption of caffeine containing food and beverages on their health.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73010301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-02DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.56578
Doaa M. M. Osman, M. Edrees, Shaimaa S. Abdelrheem, D. Abdel-Salam
Background & Objective(s): There is limited published data on Egyptian oral epidemiologic health status especially among adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate oral health status and their associated variables among secondary school students in Assiut Governorate; Upper Egypt. Methods: : A cross sectional study was conducted on 872 students using a representative sample from public, private and technical secondary schools. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire including inquires about sociodemographic data, oral health behaviors and selfperception of oral health. Oral health was assessed by Decayed Missing Filled Teeth index (DMFT), Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), and Basic Periodontal Examination index (BPE). Results: Prevalence of oral health diseases was as follow; dental caries was 47.5%, gingivitis was 31%, while periodontitis was 15.7%. About 80% of the students owned a toothbrush; however 25% of them never perform teeth brushing. Unfavorable OHI-S score was significantly positively correlated with worse DMFT and BPE scores. Concurrently, BPE index was significantly positively correlated with DMFT index. Females had higher risk for unfavorable DMFT scores compared to males. Increased age, female gender, enrollment in technical schools, and bad/ unknown selfperception of oral health were significant predictors of worse periodontal scores. The significant predictors of worse oral hygienic scores were increased age, enrollment in technical schools, and bad/ unknown self-perception of oral health. Conclusion: Considerable proportions of students suffered from oral health disorders. Unfavorable oral health indices were related to female gender, technical school enrollment, increasing age and bad/unknown self-perception of oral health. Oral health indices are compatible with each other; where healthier oral hygiene condition is correlated with better dental and periodontal oral health statuses. Superior periodontal status is correlated with favorable dental condition.
{"title":"Oral Health Indices among Secondary School Students in Assiut Governorate; Upper Egypt","authors":"Doaa M. M. Osman, M. Edrees, Shaimaa S. Abdelrheem, D. Abdel-Salam","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.56578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.56578","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Objective(s): There is limited published data on Egyptian oral epidemiologic health status especially among adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate oral health status and their associated variables among secondary school students in Assiut Governorate; Upper Egypt. Methods: : A cross sectional study was conducted on 872 students using a representative sample from public, private and technical secondary schools. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire including inquires about sociodemographic data, oral health behaviors and selfperception of oral health. Oral health was assessed by Decayed Missing Filled Teeth index (DMFT), Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), and Basic Periodontal Examination index (BPE). Results: Prevalence of oral health diseases was as follow; dental caries was 47.5%, gingivitis was 31%, while periodontitis was 15.7%. About 80% of the students owned a toothbrush; however 25% of them never perform teeth brushing. Unfavorable OHI-S score was significantly positively correlated with worse DMFT and BPE scores. Concurrently, BPE index was significantly positively correlated with DMFT index. Females had higher risk for unfavorable DMFT scores compared to males. Increased age, female gender, enrollment in technical schools, and bad/ unknown selfperception of oral health were significant predictors of worse periodontal scores. The significant predictors of worse oral hygienic scores were increased age, enrollment in technical schools, and bad/ unknown self-perception of oral health. Conclusion: Considerable proportions of students suffered from oral health disorders. Unfavorable oral health indices were related to female gender, technical school enrollment, increasing age and bad/unknown self-perception of oral health. Oral health indices are compatible with each other; where healthier oral hygiene condition is correlated with better dental and periodontal oral health statuses. Superior periodontal status is correlated with favorable dental condition.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84539837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-17DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.53992
I. Wahdan, D. ElSayed, H. Ibrahim
Background: Infections during labor and the puerperium are among the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide, accounting for about one tenth of the global burden of maternal deaths. The infection risk associated with care in labor rooms is probably quite high. Objective(s): The study was conducted to assess infection control (IC) knowledge and practices of obstetricians in maternity hospitals in Alexandria during normal labor and to design, implement and evaluate the effect of an intervention program on IC practices of obstetricians. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 135 obstetricians followed by an intervention study (one group pretest-posttest design). All obstetricians were asked to fill a questionnaire for assessment of knowledge and were observed three times using a checklist for assessment of practice. A health education program was designed and implemented among obstetricians then practices of obstetricians were reassessed using the same checklist. Results: Nearly 90% of obstetricians in this study had a good level of knowledge regarding standard IC precautions. Nearly two thirds of obstetricians (65.9%) had poor level of practice while 34.1% had fair level of practice pre-intervention. Post-intervention, 46.7% of obstetricians had fair level of practice. Areas of poor practice were hand hygiene and use of PPE. The best area of improvement in post-intervention was hand hygiene while use of PPE did not improve much. Conclusion: There is a gap between knowledge of obstetricians regarding IC and their practices.
{"title":"Infection Control Knowledge and Practices of Obstetricians during Normal Labor in Maternity Hospitals in Alexandria: An Intervention Study","authors":"I. Wahdan, D. ElSayed, H. Ibrahim","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.53992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.53992","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infections during labor and the puerperium are among the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide, accounting for about one tenth of the global burden of maternal deaths. The infection risk associated with care in labor rooms is probably quite high. Objective(s): The study was conducted to assess infection control (IC) knowledge and practices of obstetricians in maternity hospitals in Alexandria during normal labor and to design, implement and evaluate the effect of an intervention program on IC practices of obstetricians. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 135 obstetricians followed by an intervention study (one group pretest-posttest design). All obstetricians were asked to fill a questionnaire for assessment of knowledge and were observed three times using a checklist for assessment of practice. A health education program was designed and implemented among obstetricians then practices of obstetricians were reassessed using the same checklist. Results: Nearly 90% of obstetricians in this study had a good level of knowledge regarding standard IC precautions. Nearly two thirds of obstetricians (65.9%) had poor level of practice while 34.1% had fair level of practice pre-intervention. Post-intervention, 46.7% of obstetricians had fair level of practice. Areas of poor practice were hand hygiene and use of PPE. The best area of improvement in post-intervention was hand hygiene while use of PPE did not improve much. Conclusion: There is a gap between knowledge of obstetricians regarding IC and their practices.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"221 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89341648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.49271
Nadia Elzeiny, E. Sultan, Hend Shetya
Background & Objective(s): Anaemia is considered the most frequent complication related to pregnancy. It is also the most common preventable cause of fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. Despite the routine use of iron and folate supplementation for prevention of anaemia in Egypt, the prevalence of anaemia is still high This study was conducted to estimate the occurrence of anaemia and investigate the relationship between maternal anaemia and perinatal outcomes at Karmouz Family Health Unit in Alexandria. Methods: The study involved 206 pregnant women in third trimester. It was conducted on two phases: First, a cross sectional study using an interviewing questionnaire to collect data about sociodemographic profile and drug history. Laboratory data was collected from records to estimate the occurrence of anaemia. Then, a prospective cohort study was carried out using a follow up sheet to assess perinatal outcomes of maternal anaemia. Results: The results of our study show that the occurrence of anaemia among studied pregnant women was high (73.8%). Most of the women who did not regularly receive iron supplementation were anaemic. Maternal anaemia was shown to be significantly associated with preterm labor, low birth weight, congenital anomalies, small head sized babies and neonatal intensive care admission. Moreover, hemorrhage and infection were significantly encountered maternal complications. Conclusion: Irregular intake of iron supplementation during pregnancy was significantly associated with anaemia. Moreover, maternal anaemia was significantly related to maternal and neonatal
{"title":"Perinatal Outcomes of Maternal Anemia in Alexandria, Egypt","authors":"Nadia Elzeiny, E. Sultan, Hend Shetya","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.49271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.49271","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Objective(s): Anaemia is considered the most frequent complication related to pregnancy. It is also the most common preventable cause of fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. Despite the routine use of iron and folate supplementation for prevention of anaemia in Egypt, the prevalence of anaemia is still high This study was conducted to estimate the occurrence of anaemia and investigate the relationship between maternal anaemia and perinatal outcomes at Karmouz Family Health Unit in Alexandria. Methods: The study involved 206 pregnant women in third trimester. It was conducted on two phases: First, a cross sectional study using an interviewing questionnaire to collect data about sociodemographic profile and drug history. Laboratory data was collected from records to estimate the occurrence of anaemia. Then, a prospective cohort study was carried out using a follow up sheet to assess perinatal outcomes of maternal anaemia. Results: The results of our study show that the occurrence of anaemia among studied pregnant women was high (73.8%). Most of the women who did not regularly receive iron supplementation were anaemic. Maternal anaemia was shown to be significantly associated with preterm labor, low birth weight, congenital anomalies, small head sized babies and neonatal intensive care admission. Moreover, hemorrhage and infection were significantly encountered maternal complications. Conclusion: Irregular intake of iron supplementation during pregnancy was significantly associated with anaemia. Moreover, maternal anaemia was significantly related to maternal and neonatal","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88348660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.49258
Najah El-Wadawe, Eman A. Omran, W. Hazzah, W. Bakr
Background & Objective(s): Campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic, food-borne bacterial disease caused by Campylobacter spp. The most common pathogenic species are Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and C. coli. Multiple reservoirs harbor Campylobacter but chicken are considered the most common. Different chicken parts can harbour Campylobacter, particularly the intestine while chicken breasts usually have minimal counts. Antibiotics are used as feed as well as for therapeutic purposes in animals, and thus antimicrobial resistance of some Campylobacter isolates to common antibiotics is an issue of public health importance. The aim of this study was to detect C. jejuni and C. coli in chicken using conventional methods (culture followed by biochemical tests) and PCR, with identification of antimicrobial resistance of isolates. Methods: In the present study, Campylobacter was isolated from 100 different chicken parts (thigh, neck, intestine and wings) collected from 40 different chickens. Culture on charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (CCDA) was followed by biochemical confirmation of Campylobacter spp then by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Simultaneously, DNA of Campylobacter was detected from chicken broth by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Both conventional and PCR methods were compared. Campylobacter colony count was determined for different chicken parts, and the antimicrobial resistance of isolates was identified. Results: Out of the 100 examined chicken samples, 79 were presumptively positive on CCDA while only 15 isolates were MALDI-TOF confirmed (18.98%). All samples had Campylobacter counts exceeding 104 cfu/g. Colony counts ≥105 cfu/gm were encountered in 77.7% of PCR positive samples. Multiplex PCR had low sensitivity (60%) for detection of Campylobacter in chicken broth compared to confirmed cultures. Despite this drawback, PCR was advantageous over culture in detecting samples with mixed Campylobacter species. The intestine had the highest frequency (27.5%) of Campylobacter, with 72.7% of its samples yielding ≥105 cfu/g. C. jejuni responded better to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol (susceptibility= 100%, 80% and 80% respectively) while C. coli had a poorer susceptibility profile. Tetracycline and nalidixic acid had a poor antibacterial effect on both C. jejuni and C. coli. Conclusion: The distribution of Campylobacter species varied according to chicken part, with the intestine having the highest counts. All chicken samples had Campylobacter counts more than 10 4 cfu/g. PCR had 60% sensitivity compared to culture, but was more superior in detecting mixed cultures. C. jejuni was more sensitive to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol antibiotics
{"title":"Detection of Campylobacter in Chicken Parts by Conventional Methods and Polymerase Chain Reaction with Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Profile","authors":"Najah El-Wadawe, Eman A. Omran, W. Hazzah, W. Bakr","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.49258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.49258","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Objective(s): Campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic, food-borne bacterial disease caused by Campylobacter spp. The most common pathogenic species are Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and C. coli. Multiple reservoirs harbor Campylobacter but chicken are considered the most common. Different chicken parts can harbour Campylobacter, particularly the intestine while chicken breasts usually have minimal counts. Antibiotics are used as feed as well as for therapeutic purposes in animals, and thus antimicrobial resistance of some Campylobacter isolates to common antibiotics is an issue of public health importance. The aim of this study was to detect C. jejuni and C. coli in chicken using conventional methods (culture followed by biochemical tests) and PCR, with identification of antimicrobial resistance of isolates. Methods: In the present study, Campylobacter was isolated from 100 different chicken parts (thigh, neck, intestine and wings) collected from 40 different chickens. Culture on charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (CCDA) was followed by biochemical confirmation of Campylobacter spp then by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Simultaneously, DNA of Campylobacter was detected from chicken broth by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Both conventional and PCR methods were compared. Campylobacter colony count was determined for different chicken parts, and the antimicrobial resistance of isolates was identified. Results: Out of the 100 examined chicken samples, 79 were presumptively positive on CCDA while only 15 isolates were MALDI-TOF confirmed (18.98%). All samples had Campylobacter counts exceeding 104 cfu/g. Colony counts ≥105 cfu/gm were encountered in 77.7% of PCR positive samples. Multiplex PCR had low sensitivity (60%) for detection of Campylobacter in chicken broth compared to confirmed cultures. Despite this drawback, PCR was advantageous over culture in detecting samples with mixed Campylobacter species. The intestine had the highest frequency (27.5%) of Campylobacter, with 72.7% of its samples yielding ≥105 cfu/g. C. jejuni responded better to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol (susceptibility= 100%, 80% and 80% respectively) while C. coli had a poorer susceptibility profile. Tetracycline and nalidixic acid had a poor antibacterial effect on both C. jejuni and C. coli. Conclusion: The distribution of Campylobacter species varied according to chicken part, with the intestine having the highest counts. All chicken samples had Campylobacter counts more than 10 4 cfu/g. PCR had 60% sensitivity compared to culture, but was more superior in detecting mixed cultures. C. jejuni was more sensitive to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol antibiotics","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85296736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.49272
E. Mobarak, E. Sultan
Background: Prevalence of Caesarean delivery (CD) is increasing worldwide including Egypt. Alexandria is one of the governorates recording the highest rates in Egypt. Identifying factors associated with CD is important to plan for reduction. Objective: To identify prevalence, indications and determinants of CD in Alexandria, Egypt. Methods: This cross sectional survey was carried out in Alexandria, Egypt between July and December 2017. Target population was ever-married fertile women aged 15-49 years. Only women having at least one child aged ≤ 5 years were included. Using the cluster sample survey, 900 eligible women were selected and subjected to an interview questionnaire for data collection. It included socio-demographic data, habits, reproductive history and medical profile. Results: Prevalence of CD in Alexandria (2017) was 70.4%. The reported leading causes for CD were previous CD (34.9%) and women request (12.1%). The significant socio-demographic factors associated with CD included educational level (p< 0.000) and residence (OR=2). Biomedical variables involved previous abortion (p= 0.005), previous complicated pregnancy (OR=1.6), frequent antenatal visits (OR=1.8), pre-/eclampsia (OR=1.8), previous CD (OR=2.2), assisted reproduction (OR=2.2), delivery age ≥35 (OR=2.2), preceding birth interval ≤ 2 (OR=2.2), parity ≥5 (OR=2.5), preterm labour (OR=2.6), delivery in private sector (OR=2.7), and multiple pregnancy (OR=5.7). Conclusion: The rate of CD in Alexandria is high. Predictors of CD are high parity, pre-/eclampsia, previous CD, short preceding birth interval, higher education, urban residence, frequent antenatal visits, and delivery in private sector. The study recommends women health education and developing guidelines with medical audit of CD practice.
{"title":"Prevalence, Indications and Determinants of Caesarean Delivery in Alexandria, Egypt","authors":"E. Mobarak, E. Sultan","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.49272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.49272","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prevalence of Caesarean delivery (CD) is increasing worldwide including Egypt. Alexandria is one of the governorates recording the highest rates in Egypt. Identifying factors associated with CD is important to plan for reduction. Objective: To identify prevalence, indications and determinants of CD in Alexandria, Egypt. Methods: This cross sectional survey was carried out in Alexandria, Egypt between July and December 2017. Target population was ever-married fertile women aged 15-49 years. Only women having at least one child aged ≤ 5 years were included. Using the cluster sample survey, 900 eligible women were selected and subjected to an interview questionnaire for data collection. It included socio-demographic data, habits, reproductive history and medical profile. Results: Prevalence of CD in Alexandria (2017) was 70.4%. The reported leading causes for CD were previous CD (34.9%) and women request (12.1%). The significant socio-demographic factors associated with CD included educational level (p< 0.000) and residence (OR=2). Biomedical variables involved previous abortion (p= 0.005), previous complicated pregnancy (OR=1.6), frequent antenatal visits (OR=1.8), pre-/eclampsia (OR=1.8), previous CD (OR=2.2), assisted reproduction (OR=2.2), delivery age ≥35 (OR=2.2), preceding birth interval ≤ 2 (OR=2.2), parity ≥5 (OR=2.5), preterm labour (OR=2.6), delivery in private sector (OR=2.7), and multiple pregnancy (OR=5.7). Conclusion: The rate of CD in Alexandria is high. Predictors of CD are high parity, pre-/eclampsia, previous CD, short preceding birth interval, higher education, urban residence, frequent antenatal visits, and delivery in private sector. The study recommends women health education and developing guidelines with medical audit of CD practice.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76316978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-11DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.40617
N. El-Nimr, Hussien Elaswdi, M. El-Borgy, S. Sallam
Background & Objective(s): Self-medication with antibiotics is a worldwide problem and a major driver of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The objectives were to estimate the frequency, describe pattern and identify possible determinants of self-medication with antibiotics among adults in Misurata and to evaluate the impact of a mass media campaign on their knowledge and attitude regarding self-medication with antibiotics. Methods: In the 1st phase, a cross sectional design was used and 277 adults accompanying patients attending the outpatient clinics of Misurata Central Hospital were interviewed using a predesigned structured questionnaire. Data about pattern of antibiotic use, knowledge and attitude was collected. In the 2nd phase, an intervention design (one group pretest post-test design) was used. A two months mass media campaign in the form of a radio program (one episode/week for eight weeks), a TV episode and written articles in Misurata University magazine about the correct use of antibiotics was launched and its effect was assessed after three months. Results: Among adults using antibiotics, 39.5% used it as self-medication. Several defects in the pattern of antibiotic use was noticed including the duration of use, indication, and course completion. Almost two thirds had poor knowledge about antibiotics, while the majority had neutral or positive attitudes. The mean knowledge and attitude scores regarding antibiotics had significantly increased after the mass media campaign (from 9.03± 3.02 to 18.1± 4.21 and from 23.17± 5.11 to 25.81± 4.83,
{"title":"Impact of a Mass Media Campaign on Adults’ Knowledge and Attitudes towards Antibiotic Use","authors":"N. El-Nimr, Hussien Elaswdi, M. El-Borgy, S. Sallam","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.40617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.40617","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Objective(s): Self-medication with antibiotics is a worldwide problem and a major driver of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The objectives were to estimate the frequency, describe pattern and identify possible determinants of self-medication with antibiotics among adults in Misurata and to evaluate the impact of a mass media campaign on their knowledge and attitude regarding self-medication with antibiotics. Methods: In the 1st phase, a cross sectional design was used and 277 adults accompanying patients attending the outpatient clinics of Misurata Central Hospital were interviewed using a predesigned structured questionnaire. Data about pattern of antibiotic use, knowledge and attitude was collected. In the 2nd phase, an intervention design (one group pretest post-test design) was used. A two months mass media campaign in the form of a radio program (one episode/week for eight weeks), a TV episode and written articles in Misurata University magazine about the correct use of antibiotics was launched and its effect was assessed after three months. Results: Among adults using antibiotics, 39.5% used it as self-medication. Several defects in the pattern of antibiotic use was noticed including the duration of use, indication, and course completion. Almost two thirds had poor knowledge about antibiotics, while the majority had neutral or positive attitudes. The mean knowledge and attitude scores regarding antibiotics had significantly increased after the mass media campaign (from 9.03± 3.02 to 18.1± 4.21 and from 23.17± 5.11 to 25.81± 4.83,","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80262747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-11DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.40616
I. Wahdan, Z. Gad, I. Habib, O. Elshazly
{"title":"Effect of an Educational Program on Food Safety Practices in Food Preparation and Handling Procedures in Governmental Hospitals of an Egyptian Governorate","authors":"I. Wahdan, Z. Gad, I. Habib, O. Elshazly","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.40616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.40616","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85521799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-02DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.38646
N. El-Nimr, A. Wahdan, I. Wahdan
Background & Objective(s): The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in developing countries has highlighted the importance of monitoring the economic cost of tobacco use. The aim of this work was to calculate the inpatient smoking-attributable health care expenditure (SAE) for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) among adults in
{"title":"Smoking Attributable Inpatient Healthcare Expenditure among Adults in Alexandria, Egypt","authors":"N. El-Nimr, A. Wahdan, I. Wahdan","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.38646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.38646","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Objective(s): The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in developing countries has highlighted the importance of monitoring the economic cost of tobacco use. The aim of this work was to calculate the inpatient smoking-attributable health care expenditure (SAE) for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) among adults in","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82705334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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