Pub Date : 2021-07-11DOI: 10.21608/JHIPH.2021.183220
Khalid S Al-Murshed, Lamiaa A. Fiala, E. Abdel-Gawad, H. Atwa
An interview survey was conducted on 639 and 340 mother-child pairs from Ismailia, Egypt and Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [KSA], respectively. The children were 13-36 months old. Mothers were selected randomly from primary health care centers. The study aimed at comparing breast-feeding practices in the study areas and to identify some determinants of exclusive breast-feeding and early complementary feeding. The study has shown that 39.7% of Egyptian mothers and 66.4% of Saudi mothers initiated exclusive breast-feeding at 4-6 months. Most of Egyptian mothers [60.3%] started complementary feeding early [before 4 months] as compared to [33.6%] of the Saudis. Egyptian mothers tended to terminate breast-feeding later than Saudi mothers. More than one-third of Saudi mothers did that during the first 6 months of child age, as compared to only 6.7% in Egypt. The majority of Egyptian mothers [77.2%] gave sugar water or infant formula soon after giving birth, the comparable figure in Saudi mothers was only [34.4%]. Women’s primary sources of information and support for breast-feeding were: nobody [i.e., personal decision], mother or close relatives, and medical personnel. In both study areas, early complementary feeding increased with higher levels of mothers’ education, younger mother’s age, mother’s employment, shorter maternity leave, longer hospital stay after delivery, and narrower inter-pregnancy spacing. Early initiation of breast-feeding within the first hour of birth showed no association with early complementary feeding neither in Egypt nor in KSA. The study recommends that efforts to improve breast-feeding should include a variety of strategies and target groups, as well as modifying key behaviors found to be most detrimental to exclusive breast-feeding by trying innovative strategies in health education and mass media programs.
{"title":"Breast-Feeding and Complementary Feeding Practices in Egypt and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Khalid S Al-Murshed, Lamiaa A. Fiala, E. Abdel-Gawad, H. Atwa","doi":"10.21608/JHIPH.2021.183220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JHIPH.2021.183220","url":null,"abstract":"An interview survey was conducted on 639 and 340 mother-child pairs from Ismailia, Egypt and Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [KSA], respectively. The children were 13-36 months old. Mothers were selected randomly from primary health care centers. The study aimed at comparing breast-feeding practices in the study areas and to identify some determinants of exclusive breast-feeding and early complementary feeding. The study has shown that 39.7% of Egyptian mothers and 66.4% of Saudi mothers initiated exclusive breast-feeding at 4-6 months. Most of Egyptian mothers [60.3%] started complementary feeding early [before 4 months] as compared to [33.6%] of the Saudis. Egyptian mothers tended to terminate breast-feeding later than Saudi mothers. More than one-third of Saudi mothers did that during the first 6 months of child age, as compared to only 6.7% in Egypt. The majority of Egyptian mothers [77.2%] gave sugar water or infant formula soon after giving birth, the comparable figure in Saudi mothers was only [34.4%]. Women’s primary sources of information and support for breast-feeding were: nobody [i.e., personal decision], mother or close relatives, and medical personnel. In both study areas, early complementary feeding increased with higher levels of mothers’ education, younger mother’s age, mother’s employment, shorter maternity leave, longer hospital stay after delivery, and narrower inter-pregnancy spacing. Early initiation of breast-feeding within the first hour of birth showed no association with early complementary feeding neither in Egypt nor in KSA. The study recommends that efforts to improve breast-feeding should include a variety of strategies and target groups, as well as modifying key behaviors found to be most detrimental to exclusive breast-feeding by trying innovative strategies in health education and mass media programs.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77297935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-17DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2021.178354
Hala Yousef, S. Aref, Ehsan Gaber
This research was launched to determine to what extent decentralization influences nurse’s autonomy, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. There are studies which show that decentralization decision making increase productivity, improves moral, increases favorable attitudes, and decreases absenteeism. Decentralization of decision making is often facilitated by participatire management strategies whereby individuals throughout the organization are given more information, knowledge, and power. This research was conducted in inpatients units at Assiut University Hospital and number of head nurses participated in the study. Data were collected through a questionnaire form and three different tools for measuring various scales. The results of the present study revealed that mean score of head nurses organizational commitment and job satisfaction was high and low as regarding to decentralization. There was a direct effect of decentralization on organizational commitment. Decentralization was the only significant predictor of autonomy. Managers should diagnose the organizational situation and select the decision making level that will best meet the organization’s needs. When determining the optimal degree of decentralization for an organization, top management needs a positive attitude toward decentralization, they need competent personnel to whom they can delegate authority and access information necessary for decision making.
{"title":"Decentralization and its Impact on Nurses’ Autonomy, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment at Assiut University Hospitals","authors":"Hala Yousef, S. Aref, Ehsan Gaber","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2021.178354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2021.178354","url":null,"abstract":"This research was launched to determine to what extent decentralization influences nurse’s autonomy, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. There are studies which show that decentralization decision making increase productivity, improves moral, increases favorable attitudes, and decreases absenteeism. Decentralization of decision making is often facilitated by participatire management strategies whereby individuals throughout the organization are given more information, knowledge, and power. This research was conducted in inpatients units at Assiut University Hospital and number of head nurses participated in the study. Data were collected through a questionnaire form and three different tools for measuring various scales. The results of the present study revealed that mean score of head nurses organizational commitment and job satisfaction was high and low as regarding to decentralization. There was a direct effect of decentralization on organizational commitment. Decentralization was the only significant predictor of autonomy. Managers should diagnose the organizational situation and select the decision making level that will best meet the organization’s needs. When determining the optimal degree of decentralization for an organization, top management needs a positive attitude toward decentralization, they need competent personnel to whom they can delegate authority and access information necessary for decision making.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"357 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75499851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2021.189470
M. Fekry, R. Farrag, Heba M. Selim, S. Asser, N. Abdeen
Background: Micro-ribonucleic acids (MiRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules which regulate gene expression. Several miRNAs including miR-23a were found to be frequently deregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Objective: This study aimed to evaluate serum miR-23a as a biomarker of hepatitis C related HCC. Methods: This study was conducted on 60 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients (group I: without cirrhosis, group II with cirrhosis and group III with HCV associated HCC) and a control group of 20 healthy volunteers. All patients were submitted to history taking, clinical examination in addition to categorization and staging of HCC patients. Following extraction of RNA from serum samples, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed. Calculation of serum miR-23a was done using the comparative cycle threshold (Ct) method (2). Results: Serum miR-23a levels (2) were significantly higher in cirrhotic and HCC patients compared to chronic hepatitis C patients (CHC). However, no significant difference was noted between cirrhotic and HCC patients. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-23a levels for discriminating HCC patients from cirrhotic patients were 55% and 65%, respectively. MiR-23a levels had sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 70% for discriminating metastatic from non-metastatic HCC patients. Conclusion: Higher miR-23a levels were detected among metastatic HCC patients than among those without metastasis. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-23a levels for discriminating HCC patients from cirrhotic patients were lower than those of alpha fetoprotein (AFP).
{"title":"Serum MiRNA-23a as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker of Hepatitis C Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"M. Fekry, R. Farrag, Heba M. Selim, S. Asser, N. Abdeen","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2021.189470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2021.189470","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Micro-ribonucleic acids (MiRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules which regulate gene expression. Several miRNAs including miR-23a were found to be frequently deregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Objective: This study aimed to evaluate serum miR-23a as a biomarker of hepatitis C related HCC. Methods: This study was conducted on 60 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients (group I: without cirrhosis, group II with cirrhosis and group III with HCV associated HCC) and a control group of 20 healthy volunteers. All patients were submitted to history taking, clinical examination in addition to categorization and staging of HCC patients. Following extraction of RNA from serum samples, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed. Calculation of serum miR-23a was done using the comparative cycle threshold (Ct) method (2). Results: Serum miR-23a levels (2) were significantly higher in cirrhotic and HCC patients compared to chronic hepatitis C patients (CHC). However, no significant difference was noted between cirrhotic and HCC patients. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-23a levels for discriminating HCC patients from cirrhotic patients were 55% and 65%, respectively. MiR-23a levels had sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 70% for discriminating metastatic from non-metastatic HCC patients. Conclusion: Higher miR-23a levels were detected among metastatic HCC patients than among those without metastasis. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-23a levels for discriminating HCC patients from cirrhotic patients were lower than those of alpha fetoprotein (AFP).","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88292179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2021.190765
N. Radwan, I. Kabbash, E. Abd-Ellatif, M. Abu-elenin
Background: Early marriage with its harmful effects on women’s health is one of the most important public health issues. Objective: This study was designed to explore the perception and determinants of early marriage and its harmful consequences on females in urban and rural areas of Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 months and included 1,293 women from family health facilities in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. A predesigned interview questionnaire was used to collect related data. Results: Of the participants, 36.7% married before the age of 20 years: this phenomenon was significantly more prevalent in rural than in urban areas (45.5% vs. 27.8%, respectively). Significant factors associated with early marriage included low educational level of the females and their parents (p > 0.001(. Conclusion: Early marriage is still practiced in Egypt with misconceptions about the proper age of marriage. This harmful practice might lead to adverse implications on women’s social and psychological aspects and children’s health. Therefore, formulating an integrated approach, including enforcing the law and motivating community stakeholders and health authorities to combat this phenomenon, is necessary.
{"title":"Early Marriage Determinants and Implications among Egyptian Women in Gharbia Governorate","authors":"N. Radwan, I. Kabbash, E. Abd-Ellatif, M. Abu-elenin","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2021.190765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2021.190765","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early marriage with its harmful effects on women’s health is one of the most important public health issues. Objective: This study was designed to explore the perception and determinants of early marriage and its harmful consequences on females in urban and rural areas of Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 months and included 1,293 women from family health facilities in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. A predesigned interview questionnaire was used to collect related data. Results: Of the participants, 36.7% married before the age of 20 years: this phenomenon was significantly more prevalent in rural than in urban areas (45.5% vs. 27.8%, respectively). Significant factors associated with early marriage included low educational level of the females and their parents (p > 0.001(. Conclusion: Early marriage is still practiced in Egypt with misconceptions about the proper age of marriage. This harmful practice might lead to adverse implications on women’s social and psychological aspects and children’s health. Therefore, formulating an integrated approach, including enforcing the law and motivating community stakeholders and health authorities to combat this phenomenon, is necessary.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86553019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2021.191776
Abdullah Alqathami, N. Mohamed
Background: COVID-19 vaccination is a crucial public health intervention to stem the pandemic, however, there is a public hesitation to take the vaccine all over the world because of concerns about safety. Objective(s): To assess the intention to take COVID-19 vaccines among adults in Saudi Arabia, and to explore determinants of this intention and causes of refusal of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1345 adults in all provinces of Saudi Arabia using a questionnaire that was distributed via all social media channels. Stepwise binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors to accept COVID-19 vaccination. Results: About 48% of respondents intend to receive COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of COVID-19 vaccines acceptance were perception of strong possibility of getting COVID-19 infection, high risk perception of the COVID-19, adherence to protective measures during the pandemic, receiving flu vaccines and high level of knowledge. The three most common causes of refusal to receive COVID-19 vaccines were fear from side effects of vaccines (76.8%), absence of trust that it will prevent COVID-19 infection (44%) and being in good health (28.7%). Conclusion and recommendations: The willingness of adults to receive COVID-19 vaccines is suboptimal. There is a need for targeted health education messages using a multidisciplinary team capable of good communication with the public and dissemination of accurate messages via all social media platforms to correct misconceptions about the vaccines especially that related to public confidence in vaccine safety.
{"title":"Public Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Vaccines in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdullah Alqathami, N. Mohamed","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2021.191776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2021.191776","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 vaccination is a crucial public health intervention to stem the pandemic, however, there is a public hesitation to take the vaccine all over the world because of concerns about safety. Objective(s): To assess the intention to take COVID-19 vaccines among adults in Saudi Arabia, and to explore determinants of this intention and causes of refusal of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1345 adults in all provinces of Saudi Arabia using a questionnaire that was distributed via all social media channels. Stepwise binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors to accept COVID-19 vaccination. Results: About 48% of respondents intend to receive COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of COVID-19 vaccines acceptance were perception of strong possibility of getting COVID-19 infection, high risk perception of the COVID-19, adherence to protective measures during the pandemic, receiving flu vaccines and high level of knowledge. The three most common causes of refusal to receive COVID-19 vaccines were fear from side effects of vaccines (76.8%), absence of trust that it will prevent COVID-19 infection (44%) and being in good health (28.7%). Conclusion and recommendations: The willingness of adults to receive COVID-19 vaccines is suboptimal. There is a need for targeted health education messages using a multidisciplinary team capable of good communication with the public and dissemination of accurate messages via all social media platforms to correct misconceptions about the vaccines especially that related to public confidence in vaccine safety.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80882868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-09DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2020.106798
R. Ali
Background: Egypt is reported to have the fastest growing epidemic of HIV in the Middle East and North Africa Region. Nurses who play a crucial role in delivering health care to persons with HIV/AIDS should be equipped with adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS, in order to have sense of comfort to enable positive attitude towards such patients. Objective(s): The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude regarding HIV/AIDS among nursing students in Sohag University. Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted among 324 randomly selected students of Faculty of Nursing, Sohag University, Egypt during the academic year 2019/2020. A self-administered questionnaire was used for collecting data about socio-demographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude of the study participants. Results: Most of the participants (78.4%)had a good overall knowledge about HIV/AIDS. However, some misconceptions were found as only 12.7% of them knew that HIV/AIDS cannot be prevented by vaccine. About 19% of the respondents mentioned that HIV cannot be transmitted by using toothbrushes. Less than one third were aware that HIV cannot be transmitted by either mosquito bites or by using swimming pools or toilets with infected persons and that persons may be symptoms free for more than 10 years. Concerning attitude, more than half of the students (52.6%) had negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients. On conducting logistic regression analysis, male sex and residing in urban areas were significant predictors of good knowledge and positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS, respectively. Information about HIV/AIDs was gained from TV (60.6%) followed by internet (45%), university curriculum (27%), friends (22%) and family (18%) Conclusion: The studied nursing students had moderately good general knowledge about HIV, but several misconceptions were prevalent among them. However, more than half of them exhibited negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS indicating urgent need for training programs to improve their knowledge and change their attitude towards persons with HIV/AIDS.
{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of Nursing Students about HIV/AIDS in Sohag, Egypt","authors":"R. Ali","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2020.106798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2020.106798","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Egypt is reported to have the fastest growing epidemic of HIV in the Middle East and North Africa Region. Nurses who play a crucial role in delivering health care to persons with HIV/AIDS should be equipped with adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS, in order to have sense of comfort to enable positive attitude towards such patients. Objective(s): The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude regarding HIV/AIDS among nursing students in Sohag University. Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted among 324 randomly selected students of Faculty of Nursing, Sohag University, Egypt during the academic year 2019/2020. A self-administered questionnaire was used for collecting data about socio-demographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude of the study participants. Results: Most of the participants (78.4%)had a good overall knowledge about HIV/AIDS. However, some misconceptions were found as only 12.7% of them knew that HIV/AIDS cannot be prevented by vaccine. About 19% of the respondents mentioned that HIV cannot be transmitted by using toothbrushes. Less than one third were aware that HIV cannot be transmitted by either mosquito bites or by using swimming pools or toilets with infected persons and that persons may be symptoms free for more than 10 years. Concerning attitude, more than half of the students (52.6%) had negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients. On conducting logistic regression analysis, male sex and residing in urban areas were significant predictors of good knowledge and positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS, respectively. Information about HIV/AIDs was gained from TV (60.6%) followed by internet (45%), university curriculum (27%), friends (22%) and family (18%) Conclusion: The studied nursing students had moderately good general knowledge about HIV, but several misconceptions were prevalent among them. However, more than half of them exhibited negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS indicating urgent need for training programs to improve their knowledge and change their attitude towards persons with HIV/AIDS.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87475546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2020.85569
A. Hasab, E. El-Ghitany, N. Ahmed
Background: Since its emergence in December 2019, the COVID-19 virus has spread to every continent on earth. Countries are racing to slow down the spread of the disease. The pandemic is still ongoing and global efforts are marathoning to comprehend the virus biology, epidemiology, natural history and eventually applying the sound control measures promptly. Objectives: The study was carried out to demonstrate the epidemiological distribution and modeling of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic in Egypt. Methods: Secondary data in the situation reports of WHO, Worldometer and Egyptian MoHP Report about the COVID-19 epidemic in Egypt were analysed till April 10, 2020. Wolfram Player 12 software was used for the Susceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The cumulative proportional survival at the end of the epidemic is expected to be 82%. Meanwhile, the transmission rate per infectious individual (β) was 0.09 and the recovery rate (γ) was 0.30. The fraction of infectious individuals is not expected to grow exponentially. The basic reproductive rate (R0) was 0.23 and the duration of infection was 2.62 days Conclusion and recommendation: As for the available data by April 10, 2020, Egypt COVID-19 epidemic situation is not frightening. Even though, strengthening all the mitigation efforts to keep the exposure probability, as well as the transmission rate as low as possible is mandatory for containment of the epidemic.
背景:自2019年12月出现以来，COVID-19病毒已蔓延到地球各大洲。各国正在竞相减缓这种疾病的传播。大流行仍在继续，全球正在努力了解病毒的生物学、流行病学、自然史，并最终迅速采取合理的控制措施。目的:研究新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)在埃及的流行病学分布和建模。方法:分析截至2020年4月10日WHO、Worldometer和埃及MoHP报告中关于埃及COVID-19疫情的二手数据。采用Wolfram Player 12软件对COVID-19大流行的易感感染恢复(SIR)流行动态进行分析。结果:疫情结束时的累积比例生存率预计为82%。个体传播率(β)为0.09，恢复率(γ)为0.30。预计受感染个体的比例不会呈指数级增长。基本繁殖率(R0)为0.23，感染持续时间为2.62 d。结论与建议:截至2020年4月10日，根据现有数据，埃及新冠肺炎疫情并不可怕。尽管如此，加强所有缓解努力，以保持接触概率，以及传播率尽可能低，是遏制疫情的必要条件。
{"title":"Situational Analysis and Epidemic Modeling of COVID-19 in Egypt","authors":"A. Hasab, E. El-Ghitany, N. Ahmed","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2020.85569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2020.85569","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since its emergence in December 2019, the COVID-19 virus has spread to every continent on earth. Countries are racing to slow down the spread of the disease. The pandemic is still ongoing and global efforts are marathoning to comprehend the virus biology, epidemiology, natural history and eventually applying the sound control measures promptly. Objectives: The study was carried out to demonstrate the epidemiological distribution and modeling of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic in Egypt. Methods: Secondary data in the situation reports of WHO, Worldometer and Egyptian MoHP Report about the COVID-19 epidemic in Egypt were analysed till April 10, 2020. Wolfram Player 12 software was used for the Susceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The cumulative proportional survival at the end of the epidemic is expected to be 82%. Meanwhile, the transmission rate per infectious individual (β) was 0.09 and the recovery rate (γ) was 0.30. The fraction of infectious individuals is not expected to grow exponentially. The basic reproductive rate (R0) was 0.23 and the duration of infection was 2.62 days Conclusion and recommendation: As for the available data by April 10, 2020, Egypt COVID-19 epidemic situation is not frightening. Even though, strengthening all the mitigation efforts to keep the exposure probability, as well as the transmission rate as low as possible is mandatory for containment of the epidemic.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80553206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.63794
G. Wassif, Dina Gamal-Eldin, D. Boulos
Background & Objective(s): Numerous studies have shown a high incidence of burnout in health care professionals as well as individuals whose activities are psychologically similar to the work of students. The study aimed to estimate the frequency of stress and burnout among medical students and to investigate the relationship between stress, burnout level, medical students’ characteristics and some health related behaviors. Methods: A Cross sectional study was carried out at Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt among 390 medical students. Data were collected using two validated instruments “Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale” & “Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale” Results: Nearly two thirds of the medical students 66.1% had high stress levels; the most prominent burn out subscale was depersonalization 75.6%. The main 3 reasons of stress among medical students were fear of hurting patients, students’ perception that their clinical practice is not enough, limited time for training. There was a highly statistically significant relationship between high stress levels, high burnout subscales, using hypnotics and smoking. Conclusion: Medical students are exposed to a great deal of stress & burnout symptoms that mainly result from their worry about their future career and late exposure to clinical training. The present study would recommend integration of clinical sciences with basic sciences in addition to social skills in the medical students’ curricula.
{"title":"Stress and Burnout Among Medical Students","authors":"G. Wassif, Dina Gamal-Eldin, D. Boulos","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.63794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.63794","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Objective(s): Numerous studies have shown a high incidence of burnout in health care professionals as well as individuals whose activities are psychologically similar to the work of students. The study aimed to estimate the frequency of stress and burnout among medical students and to investigate the relationship between stress, burnout level, medical students’ characteristics and some health related behaviors. Methods: A Cross sectional study was carried out at Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt among 390 medical students. Data were collected using two validated instruments “Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale” & “Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale” Results: Nearly two thirds of the medical students 66.1% had high stress levels; the most prominent burn out subscale was depersonalization 75.6%. The main 3 reasons of stress among medical students were fear of hurting patients, students’ perception that their clinical practice is not enough, limited time for training. There was a highly statistically significant relationship between high stress levels, high burnout subscales, using hypnotics and smoking. Conclusion: Medical students are exposed to a great deal of stress & burnout symptoms that mainly result from their worry about their future career and late exposure to clinical training. The present study would recommend integration of clinical sciences with basic sciences in addition to social skills in the medical students’ curricula.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82727033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.65675
{"title":"Acknowledgement for 2019 Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.65675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.65675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74604900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2019.63793
A. Alshammari, B. Piko
Background & Objective(s): Socioeconomic inequalities play an important role in health. Although studies report less inequalities in adolescent health compared to other age groups, there may be differences in their health behavior and mental health. This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to analyze these associations. Methods: Using a sample of students (n = 112, aged 13 - 18 years) data were collected from public and private schools in Irbid governorate, Jordan, November, 2018. Measurements included socioeconomic status indicators (education and income of the parents, assessed by the adolescent), the Global School-based Student Health Survey, health behaviors (tobacco use, personal hygiene, dietary behavior), Satisfaction with Life Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant association between the family affluence and both paternal ( p = 0.003) and maternal educational levels ( p =0.008). There was a relationship between paternal education and not having enough food at home ( p = 0.006), adolescents’ eating fruit per week ( p = 0.037), and washing their hands before eating (p = 0.004). Maternal education level was related to the students’ eating vegetables ( p = 0.011) and fruits ( p = 0.030) per week. The association of family affluence with eating fast food was significant ( p = 0.05). The relationship of depression and family affluence was linear. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that adolescents’ health behavior may dominantly be related to paternal education, while their mental health may be related to family affluence. The data of this study will help in establishing effective and efficient counseling and support intervention programs.
{"title":"A Pilot Study for Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health among Jordanian Adolescents","authors":"A. Alshammari, B. Piko","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2019.63793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2019.63793","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Objective(s): Socioeconomic inequalities play an important role in health. Although studies report less inequalities in adolescent health compared to other age groups, there may be differences in their health behavior and mental health. This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to analyze these associations. Methods: Using a sample of students (n = 112, aged 13 - 18 years) data were collected from public and private schools in Irbid governorate, Jordan, November, 2018. Measurements included socioeconomic status indicators (education and income of the parents, assessed by the adolescent), the Global School-based Student Health Survey, health behaviors (tobacco use, personal hygiene, dietary behavior), Satisfaction with Life Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant association between the family affluence and both paternal ( p = 0.003) and maternal educational levels ( p =0.008). There was a relationship between paternal education and not having enough food at home ( p = 0.006), adolescents’ eating fruit per week ( p = 0.037), and washing their hands before eating (p = 0.004). Maternal education level was related to the students’ eating vegetables ( p = 0.011) and fruits ( p = 0.030) per week. The association of family affluence with eating fast food was significant ( p = 0.05). The relationship of depression and family affluence was linear. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that adolescents’ health behavior may dominantly be related to paternal education, while their mental health may be related to family affluence. The data of this study will help in establishing effective and efficient counseling and support intervention programs.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84061659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：