Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.266685
D. Mohamed, H. Abdelaziz
Background: Caffeine intake is common among adolescents especially young athletes for many reasons. Many young adolescents and athletes had mixed perceptions of caffeine safety. Aims: The aim of present study was to estimate mean daily caffeine consumption among young athletes, identify different caffeinated products commonly consumed by them, assess their perception towards caffeinated products in relation to athletic performance. Methods: A cross sectional approach using a predesigned interview questionnaire to collect data from 420 adolescent athletes, aged 13-18 years of both sexes, recruited from different sports was followed. Results : The mean caffeine intake from all sources (frequently cola drinks) was 47.3 ± 54.2 mg/day (0.9 ± 1.3 mg/kg/day). Total daily caffeine intake was positively correlated with training load (p<0.001). More than half (57.8%) of young athletes who took supplements or caffeinated beverages were advised to do so by a coach. Improvement of athletic performance, increase attention, and improvement of body shape were the common reasons for supplements and caffeinated beverages intake. Around 40% of young athletes perceived that intake of caffeinated beverages before training improves energy and attention, respectively during training. While 20.5% agreed that they reduce tension before training or competitions. Conclusion: The mean caffeine intake from all sources was considered safe. There is a positive relationship between total daily caffeine intake and perception that intake of caffeinated beverages before training improves energy and attention during training, and that they reduce the tension before training. Although, caffeine intake was within safe levels, young athletes should be aware of different sources of it to avoid negative side effects of its high intake.
{"title":"Caffeine Consumption among Young Athletes and Their Perception in Relation to Performance","authors":"D. Mohamed, H. Abdelaziz","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.266685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.266685","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Caffeine intake is common among adolescents especially young athletes for many reasons. Many young adolescents and athletes had mixed perceptions of caffeine safety. Aims: The aim of present study was to estimate mean daily caffeine consumption among young athletes, identify different caffeinated products commonly consumed by them, assess their perception towards caffeinated products in relation to athletic performance. Methods: A cross sectional approach using a predesigned interview questionnaire to collect data from 420 adolescent athletes, aged 13-18 years of both sexes, recruited from different sports was followed. Results : The mean caffeine intake from all sources (frequently cola drinks) was 47.3 ± 54.2 mg/day (0.9 ± 1.3 mg/kg/day). Total daily caffeine intake was positively correlated with training load (p<0.001). More than half (57.8%) of young athletes who took supplements or caffeinated beverages were advised to do so by a coach. Improvement of athletic performance, increase attention, and improvement of body shape were the common reasons for supplements and caffeinated beverages intake. Around 40% of young athletes perceived that intake of caffeinated beverages before training improves energy and attention, respectively during training. While 20.5% agreed that they reduce tension before training or competitions. Conclusion: The mean caffeine intake from all sources was considered safe. There is a positive relationship between total daily caffeine intake and perception that intake of caffeinated beverages before training improves energy and attention during training, and that they reduce the tension before training. Although, caffeine intake was within safe levels, young athletes should be aware of different sources of it to avoid negative side effects of its high intake.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73831254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.246672
Elham E. Elsakka, M. Abdelhady, Shimaa Anwar
Background: Siblings of children with a chronic disease, such as cerebral palsy (CP), are considered a “population at risk to experience psychological difficulties”. Objective(s): to estimate the occurrence of depression and anxiety among siblings of children with CP compared to siblings of apparently normal children. Methods: The study was a comparative cross-sectional study. 130 children were recruited from the Outpatient Behaviour and Neurology Clinic. They were divided into two groups: Group I: Included 65 children aged between 7 – 17 years and lived in the same house with their siblings diagnosed with CP. Group II: Included 65 apparently normal children, matched for gender, age, and socioeconomic status with the first group, and having no siblings with CP or other chronic illness. Both groups were subjected to history taking for gender, age, socioeconomic status and psychometric assessment using Kovac Children’s Depression Inventory and Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale. In addition to history of CP in siblings of group I. Results : Depression was found in 33.8% and anxiety in 36.9% in siblings of CP children while depression was found in 16.9% and anxiety in 20% of the control group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the occurrence of depression and anxiety (p=0.0266, p=0.033 respectively). Conclusion: There is a high occurrence of depression and anxiety among siblings of children with CP compared to the control group. It is recommended to raise the awareness of the pediatric neurologists and general pediatricians to catch early symptoms of depression and anxiety among siblings of children with neurological disability, to improve the quality of life of the whole family.
{"title":"Depression and Anxiety Among Siblings of Children with Cerebral Palsy","authors":"Elham E. Elsakka, M. Abdelhady, Shimaa Anwar","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.246672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.246672","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Siblings of children with a chronic disease, such as cerebral palsy (CP), are considered a “population at risk to experience psychological difficulties”. Objective(s): to estimate the occurrence of depression and anxiety among siblings of children with CP compared to siblings of apparently normal children. Methods: The study was a comparative cross-sectional study. 130 children were recruited from the Outpatient Behaviour and Neurology Clinic. They were divided into two groups: Group I: Included 65 children aged between 7 – 17 years and lived in the same house with their siblings diagnosed with CP. Group II: Included 65 apparently normal children, matched for gender, age, and socioeconomic status with the first group, and having no siblings with CP or other chronic illness. Both groups were subjected to history taking for gender, age, socioeconomic status and psychometric assessment using Kovac Children’s Depression Inventory and Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale. In addition to history of CP in siblings of group I. Results : Depression was found in 33.8% and anxiety in 36.9% in siblings of CP children while depression was found in 16.9% and anxiety in 20% of the control group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the occurrence of depression and anxiety (p=0.0266, p=0.033 respectively). Conclusion: There is a high occurrence of depression and anxiety among siblings of children with CP compared to the control group. It is recommended to raise the awareness of the pediatric neurologists and general pediatricians to catch early symptoms of depression and anxiety among siblings of children with neurological disability, to improve the quality of life of the whole family.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84436055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.238180
A. Mehanna
Every country in the world is experiencing growth in both the size and the proportion of older persons in the population. While this shift in distribution of a country's population towards older ages – known as population ageing – started in high-income countries, it is now low- and middle-income countries that are experiencing the greatest change. This article reviews the challenges, opportunities and efforts to promote health among older people. The WHO defines healthy ageing as “the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age.” Functional ability consists of the intrinsic capacity of the individual, relevant environmental characteristics and the interaction between them. Being able to live in environments that support and maintain one’s intrinsic capacity and functional ability is key to healthy ageing. In fact, the environments that people live in as children – or even as developing fetuses – combined with their personal characteristics, have long-term effects on how they age. Older people suffer from psychosocial problems as social isolation, loneliness, and elder abuse. They are also subject to dementia, the most severe expression of cognitive impairment, which represents the main cause of disability in elderly people. Neurodegeneration due to Alzheimer disease (AD) underlies most of the dementia, with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) presenting the second-most common cause. Consistent evidence from observational studies estimates that one-third of Alzheimer disease cases worldwide are attributable to seven common modifiable risk factors: diabetes mellitus, midlife hypertension, midlife obesity, physical inactivity, depression, smoking and low education. Evidence from the multidomain clinical trials of dementia preventive interventions suggests that targeting these risk factors in individuals who are at an increased risk of dementia is an effective strategy. According to a recent systematic review on the prevalence of dementia in Egypt (2017), the prevalence of dementia ranged from 2.01% to 5.07%. Dementia increased with age, with the rapid increase among those aging ≥80. Also, its prevalence was higher among illiterate groups than among educated groups. There is an urgent need for the implementation of a national policy for elderly care in Egypt. Although such policies exist, the effectiveness of existing policies and the role of national committees need to be evaluated in order to revive and mobilize the resources available. Mohamed Salama, an Egyptian neurotoxicologist and Atlantic Senior Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), believes Egypt is unprepared for demographic ageing. While region-specific risk factors for dementia are available for Europe, North America and more recently for India, China, and Latin America, the Middle Eastern and Northern African (MENA) region has no such data to guide strategies for dementia prevention. In this context,
{"title":"Healthy Ageing: Reviewing the Challenges, Opportunities, and Efforts to Promote Health Among Old People","authors":"A. Mehanna","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.238180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.238180","url":null,"abstract":"Every country in the world is experiencing growth in both the size and the proportion of older persons in the population. While this shift in distribution of a country's population towards older ages – known as population ageing – started in high-income countries, it is now low- and middle-income countries that are experiencing the greatest change. This article reviews the challenges, opportunities and efforts to promote health among older people. The WHO defines healthy ageing as “the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age.” Functional ability consists of the intrinsic capacity of the individual, relevant environmental characteristics and the interaction between them. Being able to live in environments that support and maintain one’s intrinsic capacity and functional ability is key to healthy ageing. In fact, the environments that people live in as children – or even as developing fetuses – combined with their personal characteristics, have long-term effects on how they age. Older people suffer from psychosocial problems as social isolation, loneliness, and elder abuse. They are also subject to dementia, the most severe expression of cognitive impairment, which represents the main cause of disability in elderly people. Neurodegeneration due to Alzheimer disease (AD) underlies most of the dementia, with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) presenting the second-most common cause. Consistent evidence from observational studies estimates that one-third of Alzheimer disease cases worldwide are attributable to seven common modifiable risk factors: diabetes mellitus, midlife hypertension, midlife obesity, physical inactivity, depression, smoking and low education. Evidence from the multidomain clinical trials of dementia preventive interventions suggests that targeting these risk factors in individuals who are at an increased risk of dementia is an effective strategy. According to a recent systematic review on the prevalence of dementia in Egypt (2017), the prevalence of dementia ranged from 2.01% to 5.07%. Dementia increased with age, with the rapid increase among those aging ≥80. Also, its prevalence was higher among illiterate groups than among educated groups. There is an urgent need for the implementation of a national policy for elderly care in Egypt. Although such policies exist, the effectiveness of existing policies and the role of national committees need to be evaluated in order to revive and mobilize the resources available. Mohamed Salama, an Egyptian neurotoxicologist and Atlantic Senior Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), believes Egypt is unprepared for demographic ageing. While region-specific risk factors for dementia are available for Europe, North America and more recently for India, China, and Latin America, the Middle Eastern and Northern African (MENA) region has no such data to guide strategies for dementia prevention. In this context,","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85448121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.230587
H. Ahmed
Background: since COVID-19 emergence in December 2019, health systems in collaboration with scientists all over the world struggled to face this pandemic. Population acceptance of vaccination is a very important factor necessary to achieve herd immunity. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of vaccine acceptance and its predictors among the Egyptian population. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted on a total sample of 846 individuals selected by using the non-probability snowball sampling technique during August and September 2021. Data was collected by An Arabic questionnaire which included data on the socio-economic characters of the participants, health-related variables, and the outcome variable (participants' vaccine acceptance). The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to identify the association between vaccine acceptance and socio-demographic and health-related variables. Results : Of 846 participants, 467 accept vaccination representing 55.2% of the total sample. Vaccine acceptance was associated with a higher age group (>50 years), male gender, urban residents, educated, married, high-income individuals, and healthcare workers. Also, vaccine acceptance was associated with a history of chronic disease, fair/poor self-rated health status, negative history of COVID-19 infection, and a high perception of the infection risk. About 83.4% of vaccine refusals believed that the vaccine is not safe, while 50.7% believed it is ineffective. Conclusion: Socio-demographic and some health-related characters are significant predicators of vaccine acceptance among the population. These variables must be taken into consideration in interventions aimed to increase the population vaccination rate.
{"title":"Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccines Acceptability among Egyptian Population: An On-line Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"H. Ahmed","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.230587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.230587","url":null,"abstract":"Background: since COVID-19 emergence in December 2019, health systems in collaboration with scientists all over the world struggled to face this pandemic. Population acceptance of vaccination is a very important factor necessary to achieve herd immunity. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of vaccine acceptance and its predictors among the Egyptian population. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted on a total sample of 846 individuals selected by using the non-probability snowball sampling technique during August and September 2021. Data was collected by An Arabic questionnaire which included data on the socio-economic characters of the participants, health-related variables, and the outcome variable (participants' vaccine acceptance). The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to identify the association between vaccine acceptance and socio-demographic and health-related variables. Results : Of 846 participants, 467 accept vaccination representing 55.2% of the total sample. Vaccine acceptance was associated with a higher age group (>50 years), male gender, urban residents, educated, married, high-income individuals, and healthcare workers. Also, vaccine acceptance was associated with a history of chronic disease, fair/poor self-rated health status, negative history of COVID-19 infection, and a high perception of the infection risk. About 83.4% of vaccine refusals believed that the vaccine is not safe, while 50.7% believed it is ineffective. Conclusion: Socio-demographic and some health-related characters are significant predicators of vaccine acceptance among the population. These variables must be taken into consideration in interventions aimed to increase the population vaccination rate.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78322090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.230357
R. Emara, Doha Abo Zahra
Background: Renal diet knowledge -especially phosphorus knowledge- is generally poor in Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) patients due to the complexity of information about dietary phosphorus thus causing poor compliance to dietary phosphorus guidelines and hyperphosphatemia. Objective(s): This study aimed to investigate the relationship between knowledge about phosphorus, dietary phosphorus intake and serum phosphorus level in MHD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 MHD patients in the hemodialysis center in Alexandria Main University Hospital. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data and 24-hour dietary recall. A 25-item nutrition knowledge questionnaire was asked to patients. Patients’ medical records were reviewed to collect data about the underlying cause of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), duration of dialysis and serum biochemical parameters. Dry Body Weight (DBW) and height were measured using a stadiometer following a standard protocol and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Results : Hyperphosphatemia was common (44.5%) in the present sample. Energy intake and protein intake were inadequate in 76.4% and 74.5% of patients. Mean phosphorus intake of hyperphosphatemia patients was higher than controlled patients (1053.99±420.18 mg/d vs 854.18±353.99 mg/d). Almost half of the patients (51.2 %) who consumed phosphorus intake >1000 mg/d had hyperphosphatemia and 61.0 % of patients with poor total renal diet knowledge and two thirds of patients (66.7%) with poor phosphorus knowledge had hyperphosphatemia. Phosphorus knowledge was a strong determinant for controlled serum phosphorus (OR =0.545 p=0.005), dietary phosphorus intake was a risk factor for hyperphosphatemia (OR=1.001, p=0.024). The main determinant of dietary phosphorus adherence was protein intake (OR =1.084, p<0.001). Conclusion: MHD patients have both poor renal diet and phosphorus knowledge. Phosphorus knowledge protects against development of hyperphosphatemia. Patients with higher protein intake had a high phosphorus intake. MHD patients need to be educated how to consume adequate protein while choosing lower phosphorus protein choices.
{"title":"The Relationship between Knowledge about Phosphorus, Dietary Phosphorus Intake and Serum Phosphorus Level in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients","authors":"R. Emara, Doha Abo Zahra","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.230357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.230357","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Renal diet knowledge -especially phosphorus knowledge- is generally poor in Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) patients due to the complexity of information about dietary phosphorus thus causing poor compliance to dietary phosphorus guidelines and hyperphosphatemia. Objective(s): This study aimed to investigate the relationship between knowledge about phosphorus, dietary phosphorus intake and serum phosphorus level in MHD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 MHD patients in the hemodialysis center in Alexandria Main University Hospital. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data and 24-hour dietary recall. A 25-item nutrition knowledge questionnaire was asked to patients. Patients’ medical records were reviewed to collect data about the underlying cause of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), duration of dialysis and serum biochemical parameters. Dry Body Weight (DBW) and height were measured using a stadiometer following a standard protocol and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Results : Hyperphosphatemia was common (44.5%) in the present sample. Energy intake and protein intake were inadequate in 76.4% and 74.5% of patients. Mean phosphorus intake of hyperphosphatemia patients was higher than controlled patients (1053.99±420.18 mg/d vs 854.18±353.99 mg/d). Almost half of the patients (51.2 %) who consumed phosphorus intake >1000 mg/d had hyperphosphatemia and 61.0 % of patients with poor total renal diet knowledge and two thirds of patients (66.7%) with poor phosphorus knowledge had hyperphosphatemia. Phosphorus knowledge was a strong determinant for controlled serum phosphorus (OR =0.545 p=0.005), dietary phosphorus intake was a risk factor for hyperphosphatemia (OR=1.001, p=0.024). The main determinant of dietary phosphorus adherence was protein intake (OR =1.084, p<0.001). Conclusion: MHD patients have both poor renal diet and phosphorus knowledge. Phosphorus knowledge protects against development of hyperphosphatemia. Patients with higher protein intake had a high phosphorus intake. MHD patients need to be educated how to consume adequate protein while choosing lower phosphorus protein choices.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86571339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.254511
Raouf Ghaly, Hanaa Ismael, A. Khamis, Shimaa A. Mahmoud, M. El-Gerbed, Samar M Aborhyem
Background: Avena sativa has been recognized as a healthy and nutritious cereal, containing a high concentration of dietary fiber and dense nutrients. Many scientific research studies linked oats as a healthy diet in the fight against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective(s): This study aims to assess the proximate analysis of Avena Sativa (oats) cultivated in Egypt to evaluate its main nutrient content, and study its effect on blood glucose homeostasis, lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Proximate analysis was measured in oats using standard methods. A total of fifty rats grouped into 10 control rats and four groups of 40 diabetic rats were included in the study. The four diabetic groups were classified into the diabetic control group, and the three experimental groups one of them treated with 200 mg/kg Metformin, the other fed on oat grains only as the main diet and the last one fed on oat grains and treated with metformin. Results : Oats are rich in dietary fibers, fat, and protein (9.3, 8.75, and 14.12% respectively). Treatment with metformin and oats showed an improvement in blood glucose homeostasis including FBG, insulin, and HOMA-IR (127, 12.44, and 3.92 respectively). Lipid profile showed a statistical change among all studied groups. The lowest decrease in lipid profile (LDL and TC) was in the combined group (79.56 and 151.4 respectively). Conclusion: Chemical analysis of oats revealed that it’s a good source of the main nutrients, containing protein and fibers compared to standard pellets. In addition, it has a promoting healthy effect on blood levels of fast glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA- IR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Oats revealed a modulatory curative effect on the diseased and pancreatic tissues.
{"title":"Efficacy of Avena Sativa on Regulating Some Biochemical Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Male Albino Rats","authors":"Raouf Ghaly, Hanaa Ismael, A. Khamis, Shimaa A. Mahmoud, M. El-Gerbed, Samar M Aborhyem","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.254511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.254511","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Avena sativa has been recognized as a healthy and nutritious cereal, containing a high concentration of dietary fiber and dense nutrients. Many scientific research studies linked oats as a healthy diet in the fight against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective(s): This study aims to assess the proximate analysis of Avena Sativa (oats) cultivated in Egypt to evaluate its main nutrient content, and study its effect on blood glucose homeostasis, lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Proximate analysis was measured in oats using standard methods. A total of fifty rats grouped into 10 control rats and four groups of 40 diabetic rats were included in the study. The four diabetic groups were classified into the diabetic control group, and the three experimental groups one of them treated with 200 mg/kg Metformin, the other fed on oat grains only as the main diet and the last one fed on oat grains and treated with metformin. Results : Oats are rich in dietary fibers, fat, and protein (9.3, 8.75, and 14.12% respectively). Treatment with metformin and oats showed an improvement in blood glucose homeostasis including FBG, insulin, and HOMA-IR (127, 12.44, and 3.92 respectively). Lipid profile showed a statistical change among all studied groups. The lowest decrease in lipid profile (LDL and TC) was in the combined group (79.56 and 151.4 respectively). Conclusion: Chemical analysis of oats revealed that it’s a good source of the main nutrients, containing protein and fibers compared to standard pellets. In addition, it has a promoting healthy effect on blood levels of fast glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA- IR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Oats revealed a modulatory curative effect on the diseased and pancreatic tissues.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78578114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-11DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.213662
N. Mohammed, A. Hamed, Seham Abo Kresha
Background: Self-medication is a common practice in both developed and developing countries especially in low-income communities. Major problems related to self-medication are resources wastage, and serious health hazards like adverse reactions, prolonged suffering and antibiotic resistance. Objective(s): This study was conducted to describe the pattern of self-medication in Sohag governorate and identify its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1052 outpatients attending primary health care centers in five randomly selected districts in Sohag governorate. An interviewing questionnaire was designed to gather data including socio-demographic characteristics, suffering from chronic diseases, health care services used and opinion about health care services, whether practicing selfmedication or not, and the pattern of the reported self-medication practices. Univariate and multiple binary logistic regression analysis were used to determine predictor variables of self-medication. Results: Self-medication was practiced by 41.4% of the participants. Out of them, 110 (25.2%) used drugs only, 97 (22.3%) used CAM and 229 (52.5%) used both drugs and CAM. Multiple binary logistic regression revealed that aging, rural residence, female gender, inconvenient perceived access to healthcare, presence of chronic diseases and income (1000-2000 pounds) per month were strong predictor variables of self-medication. Conclusion: The study highlighted the wide practicing of self-medication using drugs and/or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among the participants. There are many cases that do not have a medical or psychological explanation for use of CAM. It is mandatory to increase the awareness about self-medication problem and implementing strict measures to prevent drug dispensing through community pharmacies and herbalists. More attention should be paid to CAM and legalization of its use.
{"title":"Self-Medication and Associated Factors in Sohag Governorate","authors":"N. Mohammed, A. Hamed, Seham Abo Kresha","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.213662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.213662","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Self-medication is a common practice in both developed and developing countries especially in low-income communities. Major problems related to self-medication are resources wastage, and serious health hazards like adverse reactions, prolonged suffering and antibiotic resistance. Objective(s): This study was conducted to describe the pattern of self-medication in Sohag governorate and identify its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1052 outpatients attending primary health care centers in five randomly selected districts in Sohag governorate. An interviewing questionnaire was designed to gather data including socio-demographic characteristics, suffering from chronic diseases, health care services used and opinion about health care services, whether practicing selfmedication or not, and the pattern of the reported self-medication practices. Univariate and multiple binary logistic regression analysis were used to determine predictor variables of self-medication. Results: Self-medication was practiced by 41.4% of the participants. Out of them, 110 (25.2%) used drugs only, 97 (22.3%) used CAM and 229 (52.5%) used both drugs and CAM. Multiple binary logistic regression revealed that aging, rural residence, female gender, inconvenient perceived access to healthcare, presence of chronic diseases and income (1000-2000 pounds) per month were strong predictor variables of self-medication. Conclusion: The study highlighted the wide practicing of self-medication using drugs and/or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among the participants. There are many cases that do not have a medical or psychological explanation for use of CAM. It is mandatory to increase the awareness about self-medication problem and implementing strict measures to prevent drug dispensing through community pharmacies and herbalists. More attention should be paid to CAM and legalization of its use.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83631378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2021.210183
Elham E. Elsakka, Bayoumi Ghareib, A. Deghady, H. Abdelrahman
Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality. Children with DS have elevated serum uric acid (UA) levels. Objective(s): The aim of the present study was to estimate the serum UA levels in children with DS and compare it with the levels in normal children. Methods: A case control study was conducted on 200 children at Alexandria University hospital, divided into two groups. Group I: included 100 children with DS (cases). Group II: included 100 healthy children as a control group. Children of both groups were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, renal function tests and serum UA estimation. Results: 5% of patients had upper normal, 16% had high serum UA levels. None of the children in the control group had upper normal or high serum UA levels. This was statistically significant. Mean serum UA in patients was significantly higher than in the control children. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum UA and patients’ age. No statistically significant correlation between serum UA and gender was detected in both groups. Conclusion: Serum UA was significantly higher in children with DS than in controls. There was a significant positive correlation between serum UA and patients’ age.
{"title":"Serum Uric Acid in Children with Down Syndrome","authors":"Elham E. Elsakka, Bayoumi Ghareib, A. Deghady, H. Abdelrahman","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2021.210183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2021.210183","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality. Children with DS have elevated serum uric acid (UA) levels. Objective(s): The aim of the present study was to estimate the serum UA levels in children with DS and compare it with the levels in normal children. Methods: A case control study was conducted on 200 children at Alexandria University hospital, divided into two groups. Group I: included 100 children with DS (cases). Group II: included 100 healthy children as a control group. Children of both groups were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, renal function tests and serum UA estimation. Results: 5% of patients had upper normal, 16% had high serum UA levels. None of the children in the control group had upper normal or high serum UA levels. This was statistically significant. Mean serum UA in patients was significantly higher than in the control children. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum UA and patients’ age. No statistically significant correlation between serum UA and gender was detected in both groups. Conclusion: Serum UA was significantly higher in children with DS than in controls. There was a significant positive correlation between serum UA and patients’ age.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76818158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2021.212861
{"title":"Acknowledgement for 2021 Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2021.212861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2021.212861","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88936541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/jhiph.2022.212216
Elham E. Elsakka, M. Khalil
Background: As research about COVID-19 continues, a lot of facts keep on changing and many myths are also prevalent regarding the prevention and management of the infection. Objective(s): The aim of the present study was to assess the current knowledge, perception and practice towards COVID-19 pandemic among children and adolescents in Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 512 children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years living in different Egyptian cities, during the first half of July 2020, by an anonymous online questionnaire; designed to assess knowledge, perception and practices of children and adolescents towards COVID-19 disease. Results: The study included 512 participants. The mean age was 13.39 ± 3.24 years and 65.2% were females. About half of the participants perceived the situation in Egypt as bad, and 41.5% as getting worse, 47.7% thought that media is not telling the truth, 6.7% thought people were respecting lockdown, 40.2% had expectations that COVID-19 will end soon and 37.5% expected that they will return to school regularly in the next academic year. The general knowledge was good in 58% and poor in 1.2% of participants. The mode of transmission knowledge was good in 58% and poor in 11.7% of participants. The disease prevention knowledge was good in 68.3% and poor in 9.4% of participants. The practice of participants was good in 16.2% and poor in 11.3%. Overall knowledge and practice significantly improved with increased age. Practice was significantly better in females than in males. Conclusion: Knowledge of children and adolescents about COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt was good, while their practice towards the pandemic was fair. It has shown that good knowledge does not necessarily result in good practice.
{"title":"Knowledge, Perception and Practice of Children and Adolescents towards COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt","authors":"Elham E. Elsakka, M. Khalil","doi":"10.21608/jhiph.2022.212216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jhiph.2022.212216","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As research about COVID-19 continues, a lot of facts keep on changing and many myths are also prevalent regarding the prevention and management of the infection. Objective(s): The aim of the present study was to assess the current knowledge, perception and practice towards COVID-19 pandemic among children and adolescents in Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 512 children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years living in different Egyptian cities, during the first half of July 2020, by an anonymous online questionnaire; designed to assess knowledge, perception and practices of children and adolescents towards COVID-19 disease. Results: The study included 512 participants. The mean age was 13.39 ± 3.24 years and 65.2% were females. About half of the participants perceived the situation in Egypt as bad, and 41.5% as getting worse, 47.7% thought that media is not telling the truth, 6.7% thought people were respecting lockdown, 40.2% had expectations that COVID-19 will end soon and 37.5% expected that they will return to school regularly in the next academic year. The general knowledge was good in 58% and poor in 1.2% of participants. The mode of transmission knowledge was good in 58% and poor in 11.7% of participants. The disease prevention knowledge was good in 68.3% and poor in 9.4% of participants. The practice of participants was good in 16.2% and poor in 11.3%. Overall knowledge and practice significantly improved with increased age. Practice was significantly better in females than in males. Conclusion: Knowledge of children and adolescents about COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt was good, while their practice towards the pandemic was fair. It has shown that good knowledge does not necessarily result in good practice.","PeriodicalId":34256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Institute of Public Health","volume":"418 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79621397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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