Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2187547
Krithi Ganesh
{"title":"India-China rivalry: Asymmetric no longer","authors":"Krithi Ganesh","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2187547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2187547","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127341102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2131248
Anand Kumar, K. Parameswaran
ABSTRACT The world ocean is a continuum that facilitates relatively free interchange among its parts and is of fundamental importance to studying environmental justice. Environmental justice sits within the larger ambit of social justice and equity. The article examines the effects of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing within the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) on sustainability, and damage to the marine ecology, resulting in environmental and distributive injustice to the coastal communities. It also highlights the prevalence of IUU fishing on the high seas and in the exclusive economic zones (EEZ) of the coastal States vis-à-vis existing international fisheries laws. In addition, the article analyses the feasibility of managing the marine environment in the IOR through people’s participation, utilising the tenets of Commander’s Estimate of the Situation (CES), and suggests courses of action (CoAs) to achieve environmental justice. Further, it makes use of three case studies to assess the feasibility of people's participation in achieving sustainable fishing practices.
{"title":"Sustainable fishery: Combating IUU fishing through people's participation to ensure environmental justice","authors":"Anand Kumar, K. Parameswaran","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2131248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2131248","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The world ocean is a continuum that facilitates relatively free interchange among its parts and is of fundamental importance to studying environmental justice. Environmental justice sits within the larger ambit of social justice and equity. The article examines the effects of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing within the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) on sustainability, and damage to the marine ecology, resulting in environmental and distributive injustice to the coastal communities. It also highlights the prevalence of IUU fishing on the high seas and in the exclusive economic zones (EEZ) of the coastal States vis-à-vis existing international fisheries laws. In addition, the article analyses the feasibility of managing the marine environment in the IOR through people’s participation, utilising the tenets of Commander’s Estimate of the Situation (CES), and suggests courses of action (CoAs) to achieve environmental justice. Further, it makes use of three case studies to assess the feasibility of people's participation in achieving sustainable fishing practices.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116550729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2126060
N. Nair
ABSTRACT China has been consistently staking claim to the entire South China Sea (SCS) citing historical linkages. The consistent nature of these claims point towards the long-term nature of China’s interests, from nationalism and reclaiming lost territories to commercial and geostrategic interests. The onset of COVID-19 in Wuhan in November 2019 and its transformation into a global pandemic witnessed a shift in China’s foreign policy. The article analyses China’s evolving geopolitical interests and recent geopolitical opportunism during COVID-19, by way of unilateral state-level administrative actions, completion of military infrastructure development, conduct of military exercises, aggressive military actions, and wolf warrior diplomacy, to gain operational advantage by changing the status quo in its favour in the SCS in order to subordinate other claimants and dominate the region.
{"title":"China in South China Sea: Evolving geopolitical interests and opportunism","authors":"N. Nair","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2126060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2126060","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT China has been consistently staking claim to the entire South China Sea (SCS) citing historical linkages. The consistent nature of these claims point towards the long-term nature of China’s interests, from nationalism and reclaiming lost territories to commercial and geostrategic interests. The onset of COVID-19 in Wuhan in November 2019 and its transformation into a global pandemic witnessed a shift in China’s foreign policy. The article analyses China’s evolving geopolitical interests and recent geopolitical opportunism during COVID-19, by way of unilateral state-level administrative actions, completion of military infrastructure development, conduct of military exercises, aggressive military actions, and wolf warrior diplomacy, to gain operational advantage by changing the status quo in its favour in the SCS in order to subordinate other claimants and dominate the region.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124534181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2023.2176545
Sayantan Haldar
ABSTRACT This article looks at the potential of Bangladesh in India’s maritime strategy in the Bay of Bengal, in light of the shifting focus on the emergent Indo-Pacific. It argues that India’s maritime strategy in the Bay of Bengal is a driver of its wider engagement in the emerging Indo-Pacific. Therefore, engaging Bangladesh in the Bay of Bengal is strategically imperative for India. However, this requires New Delhi to deepen and expand its strategic convergences with Bangladesh and ensure that Dhaka warms up to the idea of an emergent Indo-Pacific that might even prompt geopolitical and geo-strategic competition with China.
{"title":"Bangladesh in India’s maritime strategy towards the Bay of Bengal: Towards a comprehensive Indo-Pacific outlook","authors":"Sayantan Haldar","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2023.2176545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2023.2176545","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article looks at the potential of Bangladesh in India’s maritime strategy in the Bay of Bengal, in light of the shifting focus on the emergent Indo-Pacific. It argues that India’s maritime strategy in the Bay of Bengal is a driver of its wider engagement in the emerging Indo-Pacific. Therefore, engaging Bangladesh in the Bay of Bengal is strategically imperative for India. However, this requires New Delhi to deepen and expand its strategic convergences with Bangladesh and ensure that Dhaka warms up to the idea of an emergent Indo-Pacific that might even prompt geopolitical and geo-strategic competition with China.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126878638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2143134
N. Agarwala
ABSTRACT Seaports have evolved with changing technologies to ensure the handling of close to 80 per cent of global trade by volume and 70 per cent by value. As the ports have grown across the world, unabated pollution from numerous activities of ships, ports, industries, and infrastructure development has forced countries to focus on safe, efficient, and sustainable ports by focusing on community development to achieve cleaner harbours, skies, and soil. An effort of the Government of India for major Indian ports in this direction is Project Green Ports. Though the project was initiated in 2016, there is little update available about the project. It is to fill this gap that the article discusses the progress of the major Indian ports towards becoming green ports. In doing so, the article analyses the efforts made and the existing shortcomings to answer whether the Indian ports are on the right track to becoming green ports.
{"title":"Project Green Ports: Are Indian ports on the right track?","authors":"N. Agarwala","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2143134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2143134","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Seaports have evolved with changing technologies to ensure the handling of close to 80 per cent of global trade by volume and 70 per cent by value. As the ports have grown across the world, unabated pollution from numerous activities of ships, ports, industries, and infrastructure development has forced countries to focus on safe, efficient, and sustainable ports by focusing on community development to achieve cleaner harbours, skies, and soil. An effort of the Government of India for major Indian ports in this direction is Project Green Ports. Though the project was initiated in 2016, there is little update available about the project. It is to fill this gap that the article discusses the progress of the major Indian ports towards becoming green ports. In doing so, the article analyses the efforts made and the existing shortcomings to answer whether the Indian ports are on the right track to becoming green ports.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128758837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2097702
S. Agarwal, K. Agnihotri
ABSTRACT Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st Century. Climate change-induced challenges are intrinsically linked to the oceans because they are a critical part of the global climate system. Increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have resulted in sea level rise, which acts as a threat multiplier in the maritime domain. Sea level rise will also affect established baselines of certain countries, especially archipelagic states and island nations; which in turn, will certainly impinge on states' maritime zones and related rights under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The scenario is also likely to exacerbate geopolitical tensions in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), which is emerging as the focal point of great power rivalry. From a strategic point of view, these climate-induced maritime challenges present a compelling opportunity for India to work collaboratively with the IOR countries to improve upon the regional human and environmental security, in accordance with India's maritime security strategy. If the Indian initiatives concurrently, manage to balance the overarching Chinese objective of leveraging their increased presence in the IOR to influence non-traditional security dynamics in the region to their benefit, so much the better.
{"title":"UNCLOS and climate-induced maritime challenges: Strategic implications for the Indian Ocean Region","authors":"S. Agarwal, K. Agnihotri","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2097702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2097702","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st Century. Climate change-induced challenges are intrinsically linked to the oceans because they are a critical part of the global climate system. Increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have resulted in sea level rise, which acts as a threat multiplier in the maritime domain. Sea level rise will also affect established baselines of certain countries, especially archipelagic states and island nations; which in turn, will certainly impinge on states' maritime zones and related rights under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The scenario is also likely to exacerbate geopolitical tensions in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), which is emerging as the focal point of great power rivalry. From a strategic point of view, these climate-induced maritime challenges present a compelling opportunity for India to work collaboratively with the IOR countries to improve upon the regional human and environmental security, in accordance with India's maritime security strategy. If the Indian initiatives concurrently, manage to balance the overarching Chinese objective of leveraging their increased presence in the IOR to influence non-traditional security dynamics in the region to their benefit, so much the better.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134635875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2091020
Musili Wambua
ABSTRACT The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) marked the last stage in developing a comprehensive and codified legal regime for ocean governance. The resultant United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was a compromise instrument that accommodated the interests of diverse groups at UNCLOS III. As a compromise instrument, the Convention did not address all pertinent issues on ocean governance. Some of the fundamental shortcomings of UNCLOS include a restricted definition of piracy under Article 101 and lack of a definitive enforcement mechanism under Article 105. The article highlights these shortfalls and outlines the efforts by the global community to address the shortcomings in order to combat maritime security threats, both at regional and global levels.
{"title":"A critical review of the global legal framework on piracy: 40 years after UNCLOS","authors":"Musili Wambua","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2091020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2091020","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) marked the last stage in developing a comprehensive and codified legal regime for ocean governance. The resultant United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was a compromise instrument that accommodated the interests of diverse groups at UNCLOS III. As a compromise instrument, the Convention did not address all pertinent issues on ocean governance. Some of the fundamental shortcomings of UNCLOS include a restricted definition of piracy under Article 101 and lack of a definitive enforcement mechanism under Article 105. The article highlights these shortfalls and outlines the efforts by the global community to address the shortcomings in order to combat maritime security threats, both at regional and global levels.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123867653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2124027
John J Vachaparambil, Purnima Malik
The National Maritime Foundation (NMF) – India’s foremost maritime think tank and the only one that concentrates upon all facets of the maritime domain relevant to India – conducts intensive and extensive independent and policy-relevant research into a wide variety of issues that would enable the shaping and execution of optimal strategies for the preservation, promotion, and protection of the country’s maritime interests. Mindful of the opportunities offered by the fact that the year 2022 marks four decades in which the world’s oceanic governance has been guided by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982, the NMF has thought it prudent and useful to devote the Summer 2022 edition of its flagship journal, Maritime Affairs to commemoration of this seminal event and develop it as a Special Issue. The current edition thus comprises a number of thematic articles on UNCLOS – its ramifications, successes, and challenges. The preamble to the UNCLOS lays down the inspirations and principles that are elaborated upon in its subsequent articles. It reflects the desire of its member States to establish a legal order for the seas and oceans, and to promote peaceful use of the oceans with due regard for the sovereignty of all States. It also lays emphasis on the equitable and efficient utilisation of marine resources; conservation of living resources; and the study, protection, and preservation of the marine environment. The full text of the 1982 Convention consists of 320 articles and nine annexes, governing very nearly all aspects of the globe’s oceanic spaces, including delimitation, prevention and control of pollution, preservation and protection of marine environment and living resources, marine scientific research, economic and commercial activities, the transfer of technology, and the settlement of disputes relating to ocean matters. The codification process in respect of the UNCLOS commenced in 1949 when the International Law Commission (ILC), in its first session, drew up a provisional list of topics whose codification it considered to be necessary and feasible. Amongst these were the regime of the high seas and the regime of the territorial sea. The regime of the high seas was, in fact, included amongst the topics that were to be accorded the highest priority. In its second session, held in 1950, the ILC considered the question of the high seas, taking as a basis of discussion the report of its special rapporteur, JPA Francois. However, the ILC opined that it could not undertake the codification of the law of the high seas in all its aspects, and that it would, consequently, have to select subjects that it could take up in the first phase of its work. It was also decided to set aside, for the time being, subjects that were already being studied by other United Nations (UN) organs, or by specialised agencies, including subjects which, because of their technical nature, were not suitable for study. In its third session (1951)
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue","authors":"John J Vachaparambil, Purnima Malik","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2124027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2124027","url":null,"abstract":"The National Maritime Foundation (NMF) – India’s foremost maritime think tank and the only one that concentrates upon all facets of the maritime domain relevant to India – conducts intensive and extensive independent and policy-relevant research into a wide variety of issues that would enable the shaping and execution of optimal strategies for the preservation, promotion, and protection of the country’s maritime interests. Mindful of the opportunities offered by the fact that the year 2022 marks four decades in which the world’s oceanic governance has been guided by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982, the NMF has thought it prudent and useful to devote the Summer 2022 edition of its flagship journal, Maritime Affairs to commemoration of this seminal event and develop it as a Special Issue. The current edition thus comprises a number of thematic articles on UNCLOS – its ramifications, successes, and challenges. The preamble to the UNCLOS lays down the inspirations and principles that are elaborated upon in its subsequent articles. It reflects the desire of its member States to establish a legal order for the seas and oceans, and to promote peaceful use of the oceans with due regard for the sovereignty of all States. It also lays emphasis on the equitable and efficient utilisation of marine resources; conservation of living resources; and the study, protection, and preservation of the marine environment. The full text of the 1982 Convention consists of 320 articles and nine annexes, governing very nearly all aspects of the globe’s oceanic spaces, including delimitation, prevention and control of pollution, preservation and protection of marine environment and living resources, marine scientific research, economic and commercial activities, the transfer of technology, and the settlement of disputes relating to ocean matters. The codification process in respect of the UNCLOS commenced in 1949 when the International Law Commission (ILC), in its first session, drew up a provisional list of topics whose codification it considered to be necessary and feasible. Amongst these were the regime of the high seas and the regime of the territorial sea. The regime of the high seas was, in fact, included amongst the topics that were to be accorded the highest priority. In its second session, held in 1950, the ILC considered the question of the high seas, taking as a basis of discussion the report of its special rapporteur, JPA Francois. However, the ILC opined that it could not undertake the codification of the law of the high seas in all its aspects, and that it would, consequently, have to select subjects that it could take up in the first phase of its work. It was also decided to set aside, for the time being, subjects that were already being studied by other United Nations (UN) organs, or by specialised agencies, including subjects which, because of their technical nature, were not suitable for study. In its third session (1951)","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133735896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2097643
Ashutosh Kumar Singh
ABSTRACT The world’s oceans are facing a multitude of security challenges across various domains that require dynamic and varied responses, specific to the threat. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides a comprehensive regulatory framework to for ocean governance, facilitating a cooperative approach to addressing regional bilateral and multilateral divergences affecting the maritime security dynamic in various parts of the globe. This is also supported by various other conventions aimed at protecting the oceans and ensuring their sustainability for the future. However, the effective implementation of these depends on the will and the inclination to do so. This article highlights some specific areas of concern and offers a perspective on how UNCLOS can be used effectively to address the wide spectrum of kinetic and non-kinetic challenges in the maritime domain through efficient and effective regional multilateral governance architectures.
{"title":"UNCLOS: Facilitating ocean governance and maritime security","authors":"Ashutosh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2097643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2097643","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The world’s oceans are facing a multitude of security challenges across various domains that require dynamic and varied responses, specific to the threat. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides a comprehensive regulatory framework to for ocean governance, facilitating a cooperative approach to addressing regional bilateral and multilateral divergences affecting the maritime security dynamic in various parts of the globe. This is also supported by various other conventions aimed at protecting the oceans and ensuring their sustainability for the future. However, the effective implementation of these depends on the will and the inclination to do so. This article highlights some specific areas of concern and offers a perspective on how UNCLOS can be used effectively to address the wide spectrum of kinetic and non-kinetic challenges in the maritime domain through efficient and effective regional multilateral governance architectures.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126014205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2080376
Á. García-Carriazo
ABSTRACT The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) has been analysing submissions for extension of the continental shelf for the last 20 years. As a scientific and technical body, the CLCS is mandated to examine the coastal states’ submissions according to geological and geomorphological criteria, which sometimes implies a qualitative reasoning that allows this panel to carry out its functions. In some other instances, the CLCS faces situations which require an interpretation beyond geophysical factors. Under those circumstances, the CLCS refrains from making interpretations as certain issues go beyond a scientific–technical assessment.
{"title":"Submissions to the commission on the limits of the continental shelf: Practice and controversies","authors":"Á. García-Carriazo","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2080376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2080376","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) has been analysing submissions for extension of the continental shelf for the last 20 years. As a scientific and technical body, the CLCS is mandated to examine the coastal states’ submissions according to geological and geomorphological criteria, which sometimes implies a qualitative reasoning that allows this panel to carry out its functions. In some other instances, the CLCS faces situations which require an interpretation beyond geophysical factors. Under those circumstances, the CLCS refrains from making interpretations as certain issues go beyond a scientific–technical assessment.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122670515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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