Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2091571
Ana Olivert
ABSTRACT On the 40th anniversary of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the oceans are facing unprecedented challenges and threats, for which solutions can be found in both international law and the law of the sea. This article explains why UNCLOS continues to be the main source for States to find solutions in those areas falling within the law of the sea where it does not provide immediate answers. Despite the unquestionable contribution of UNCLOS towards securing a peaceful legal order for the seas, the ambition of securing equity has not been attained and enforcement on the high seas is weak. The idea of how a new culture of cooperation and compliance could reverse current trends affecting the oceans is also explored here. In this regard, the European Union (EU) has been taken as an example of a key global player to put forward a vision with the necessary actions and policies on the basis of UNCLOS, coupled with the doctrine of the pressure points, to entice States to comply with international law.
{"title":"The role of UNCLOS in upholding maritime order and global ocean governance: A new global order for the oceans through leadership and pressure points","authors":"Ana Olivert","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2091571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2091571","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT On the 40th anniversary of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the oceans are facing unprecedented challenges and threats, for which solutions can be found in both international law and the law of the sea. This article explains why UNCLOS continues to be the main source for States to find solutions in those areas falling within the law of the sea where it does not provide immediate answers. Despite the unquestionable contribution of UNCLOS towards securing a peaceful legal order for the seas, the ambition of securing equity has not been attained and enforcement on the high seas is weak. The idea of how a new culture of cooperation and compliance could reverse current trends affecting the oceans is also explored here. In this regard, the European Union (EU) has been taken as an example of a key global player to put forward a vision with the necessary actions and policies on the basis of UNCLOS, coupled with the doctrine of the pressure points, to entice States to comply with international law.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129165113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2074583
P. Gopal
ABSTRACT The Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) is a veritable constitution of the oceans that was negotiated with the overarching objective of protecting the “common heritage of mankind”. While the primary goal of developing countries was to protect their economic interests by seeking maritime areas with exclusive jurisdiction, the LOSC has a significant role in furthering maritime security cooperation among countries. The universally accepted trait of international cooperation in maritime security efforts requires a commonality of perception of threats and the legally acceptable ways in which they may be mitigated. In order to develop meaningful cooperative endeavours in maritime security, it is essential for India to develop a domestic legislative framework that supports its maritime security demands and promotes its standing as an upholder of the international order.
{"title":"India’s maritime security legal framework and its influence on international maritime security cooperation","authors":"P. Gopal","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2074583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2074583","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) is a veritable constitution of the oceans that was negotiated with the overarching objective of protecting the “common heritage of mankind”. While the primary goal of developing countries was to protect their economic interests by seeking maritime areas with exclusive jurisdiction, the LOSC has a significant role in furthering maritime security cooperation among countries. The universally accepted trait of international cooperation in maritime security efforts requires a commonality of perception of threats and the legally acceptable ways in which they may be mitigated. In order to develop meaningful cooperative endeavours in maritime security, it is essential for India to develop a domestic legislative framework that supports its maritime security demands and promotes its standing as an upholder of the international order.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129007714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2106664
Petal Alexander
ABSTRACT The International Seabed Authority (ISA), acting on behalf of mankind as a whole, decides on measures to achieve the common heritage of mankind principle in relation to activities in the area. Various approaches towards this end are noted in United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), such as: a state acting in good faith, especially when its action is likely to affect prejudicially the interests of mankind as a whole; laying down detailed rules on economic and financial issues; transfer of technology to developing states; and reserved sites for developing states. Ultimately, the ISA aims to use an equitable approach to protect the marine environment and human life with respect to activities in the area. These approaches, found in UNCLOS, confirm that it remains resolute in its advocacy for the principle of common heritage of mankind.
{"title":"Conservation and sustainable use of the marine environment under UNCLOS: For the benefit of mankind as a “whole”","authors":"Petal Alexander","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2106664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2106664","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The International Seabed Authority (ISA), acting on behalf of mankind as a whole, decides on measures to achieve the common heritage of mankind principle in relation to activities in the area. Various approaches towards this end are noted in United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), such as: a state acting in good faith, especially when its action is likely to affect prejudicially the interests of mankind as a whole; laying down detailed rules on economic and financial issues; transfer of technology to developing states; and reserved sites for developing states. Ultimately, the ISA aims to use an equitable approach to protect the marine environment and human life with respect to activities in the area. These approaches, found in UNCLOS, confirm that it remains resolute in its advocacy for the principle of common heritage of mankind.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123303381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2097701
A. Bisen
ABSTRACT Bangladesh’s initiation of arbitration proceedings separately against India and Myanmar, under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), resulted in the creation of a “grey area”, having overlapping continental shelf and exclusive economic zone rights, between India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. There are several examples of cooperative frameworks for management of overlapping maritime claims areas around the world, but no such mechanism exists in South Asia. The resolution of the grey area remains an impediment towards ensuring collective maritime security and comprehensive development of the Bay of Bengal. Being the biggest nation in the region, and with its “Neighbourhood First” policy and its promotion of Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) to harness shared and accelerated growth through mutual cooperation, India needs to take the lead in seeking a resolution of the grey area.
{"title":"Enhancing maritime security in the Bay of Bengal: Resolution of Grey Areas between India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar","authors":"A. Bisen","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2097701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2097701","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Bangladesh’s initiation of arbitration proceedings separately against India and Myanmar, under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), resulted in the creation of a “grey area”, having overlapping continental shelf and exclusive economic zone rights, between India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. There are several examples of cooperative frameworks for management of overlapping maritime claims areas around the world, but no such mechanism exists in South Asia. The resolution of the grey area remains an impediment towards ensuring collective maritime security and comprehensive development of the Bay of Bengal. Being the biggest nation in the region, and with its “Neighbourhood First” policy and its promotion of Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) to harness shared and accelerated growth through mutual cooperation, India needs to take the lead in seeking a resolution of the grey area.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122563497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2091974
Rita El Murr
ABSTRACT The world is facing today a global population explosion that is already straining the land-extracted resources, leading to countries turning to their ocean floors and waters where huge discoveries are shedding light on further hydrocarbon reserves, poly-metallic nodules and biological resources, a major breakthrough in fields like the medical and energy, to say the least. The need to exploit and manage these resources is greater than ever, but far from being evident when maritime claims overlap. This article aims at studying the complexity of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) regime and highlighting the interim solutions mechanisms proposed by this regime when EEZ claims overlap, in order to show how UNCLOS was one big step ahead of rising maritime disputes, whilst reflecting the Parties’ willingness to secure a fast and peaceful way towards exploiting and managing resources.
{"title":"Interim solutions under the exclusive economic zone regime: New analyses and prospects","authors":"Rita El Murr","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2091974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2091974","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The world is facing today a global population explosion that is already straining the land-extracted resources, leading to countries turning to their ocean floors and waters where huge discoveries are shedding light on further hydrocarbon reserves, poly-metallic nodules and biological resources, a major breakthrough in fields like the medical and energy, to say the least. The need to exploit and manage these resources is greater than ever, but far from being evident when maritime claims overlap. This article aims at studying the complexity of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) regime and highlighting the interim solutions mechanisms proposed by this regime when EEZ claims overlap, in order to show how UNCLOS was one big step ahead of rising maritime disputes, whilst reflecting the Parties’ willingness to secure a fast and peaceful way towards exploiting and managing resources.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129450141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2021.2008624
G. Roy
ABSTRACT K.M. Panikkar’s understanding of India’s strategic vision for the Indian Ocean highlighted the strategic dots of Socotra and Indonesia, which were a part of a larger game plan of a “strategic arc”. His idea of Socotra and Indonesia was based on the linkage between the two strategic sea lanes of communication. In the present context, Panikkar’s strategic arc has been readopted in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s new vision, which aims to pave the way for India to engage in friendly ports so as to create a network of strategic ports for defence and civilian purposes. This article endeavours to understand Panikkar’s “strategic arc”, traced from the east coast of Africa to the island of Sumatra. Further, it analyses how Panikkar’s strategic arc has been realigned and reinvigorated in the present scenario from Oman to the islands of Indonesia, which helps in furthering India’s economic interests as well as protect its strategic well-being. The article concludes by offering a set of policy recommendations based on Panikkar’s strategic arc and how these could be inculcated within the larger framework on India’s security and maritime policy.
{"title":"India’s strategic vision: Imprints of K.M. Panikkar’s arc","authors":"G. Roy","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2021.2008624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2021.2008624","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT K.M. Panikkar’s understanding of India’s strategic vision for the Indian Ocean highlighted the strategic dots of Socotra and Indonesia, which were a part of a larger game plan of a “strategic arc”. His idea of Socotra and Indonesia was based on the linkage between the two strategic sea lanes of communication. In the present context, Panikkar’s strategic arc has been readopted in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s new vision, which aims to pave the way for India to engage in friendly ports so as to create a network of strategic ports for defence and civilian purposes. This article endeavours to understand Panikkar’s “strategic arc”, traced from the east coast of Africa to the island of Sumatra. Further, it analyses how Panikkar’s strategic arc has been realigned and reinvigorated in the present scenario from Oman to the islands of Indonesia, which helps in furthering India’s economic interests as well as protect its strategic well-being. The article concludes by offering a set of policy recommendations based on Panikkar’s strategic arc and how these could be inculcated within the larger framework on India’s security and maritime policy.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126176082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2021.2015135
Vinay Kaura, Garima Kumawat
ABSTRACT The article explains how Japan's strategic interests are converging with India against an assertive China in the Indo-Pacific. Japan has been pursuing a “Free and Open Indo-Pacific” (FOIP) policy, which seeks to manage China's rise by deepening Japan's strategic coordination and cooperation with its closest partners through the Quad. Though Japan still values its bilateral relationship with the United States (US), its security partnership with India is part of Tokyo's persistent efforts to support the US-led rules-based international order. In order to counter China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the Indo-Pacific region, Japan has been a strong supporter among the Quad to promote non-military cooperation, primarily focusing on infrastructure building, supply chain resilience and technological innovations. The article argues that Japan's strategic engagement with India is now an integral part of its wider national security posture as Tokyo has come to recognise New Delhi as an important balancer against Beijing. That the US has enhanced its ties with India in recent years has further facilitated Japan–India strategic convergence since it is aligned with American policy towards the Indo-Pacific region in an era of great power competition.
{"title":"Managing China’s rise in the Indo-Pacific: Japan’s strategic engagement with India","authors":"Vinay Kaura, Garima Kumawat","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2021.2015135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2021.2015135","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The article explains how Japan's strategic interests are converging with India against an assertive China in the Indo-Pacific. Japan has been pursuing a “Free and Open Indo-Pacific” (FOIP) policy, which seeks to manage China's rise by deepening Japan's strategic coordination and cooperation with its closest partners through the Quad. Though Japan still values its bilateral relationship with the United States (US), its security partnership with India is part of Tokyo's persistent efforts to support the US-led rules-based international order. In order to counter China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the Indo-Pacific region, Japan has been a strong supporter among the Quad to promote non-military cooperation, primarily focusing on infrastructure building, supply chain resilience and technological innovations. The article argues that Japan's strategic engagement with India is now an integral part of its wider national security posture as Tokyo has come to recognise New Delhi as an important balancer against Beijing. That the US has enhanced its ties with India in recent years has further facilitated Japan–India strategic convergence since it is aligned with American policy towards the Indo-Pacific region in an era of great power competition.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122733420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2022.2027115
Saurabh Thakur
ABSTRACT Seaports are an indispensable asset in interconnected and interdependent global supply chains. Their complex infrastructural and operational systems and critical foreland and hinterland networks make ports a vital nodal point in the economic progress of nations at large, and the coastal urban agglomerations in particular. These critical maritime assets are currently under threat from the disruptive impacts of anthropogenic climate change, such as sea-level rise and intensifying extreme weather events. The economic losses from these impacts will span a wide range, from hard infrastructural damages to operational delays in supply chain management. Incorporating climate resilience in existing and new port infrastructure remains a complex challenge that will require port authorities to confront the problem of climate uncertainty and its socio-economic implications. This article focuses on seaports in the Indian context to highlight the complex threats of climate change. It examines the main debates on climate uncertainty and policymaking, path dependencies in port planning, global best practices, knowledge gaps and strategies that will be critical for Indian ports to better confront climate change induced disruptions in the near future.
{"title":"Ports and climate uncertainty: An economic imperative for India","authors":"Saurabh Thakur","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2022.2027115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2022.2027115","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Seaports are an indispensable asset in interconnected and interdependent global supply chains. Their complex infrastructural and operational systems and critical foreland and hinterland networks make ports a vital nodal point in the economic progress of nations at large, and the coastal urban agglomerations in particular. These critical maritime assets are currently under threat from the disruptive impacts of anthropogenic climate change, such as sea-level rise and intensifying extreme weather events. The economic losses from these impacts will span a wide range, from hard infrastructural damages to operational delays in supply chain management. Incorporating climate resilience in existing and new port infrastructure remains a complex challenge that will require port authorities to confront the problem of climate uncertainty and its socio-economic implications. This article focuses on seaports in the Indian context to highlight the complex threats of climate change. It examines the main debates on climate uncertainty and policymaking, path dependencies in port planning, global best practices, knowledge gaps and strategies that will be critical for Indian ports to better confront climate change induced disruptions in the near future.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126350672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2021.2024383
Chisako T. Masuo
ABSTRACT China is constructing an overwhelming satellite network, called the “National Spatial Infrastructure”, that might change the security and economic operations of global governance. Xi Jinping’s Military–Civil Fusion (MCF) strategy is founded on this system. Along with the well-known BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), the remote sensing satellite system and the communication and broadcasting satellite system form this new infrastructure. China is using it to establish a strong monitoring capability by: collecting various data on vessels’ navigation and oceanography; developing a huge communication network that covers actors and objects on the ocean as well as in the sky and the space; reforming its fishery administration and establishing new laws that enable the authorities to mobilise the numerous Chinese fishermen operating in global waters; and cultivating people-friendly apps to invite more users into the Chinese systems. Based on its strong victimhood mentality that calls for “great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation”, the Xi Jinping administration is trying to initiate a new human age by developing advanced technology and integrating it with social implementation that aims to increase China’s influence over the globe.
{"title":"China’s “National Spatial Infrastructure” and global governance: Chinese way of Military–Civil Fusion (MCF) over the ocean","authors":"Chisako T. Masuo","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2021.2024383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2021.2024383","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT China is constructing an overwhelming satellite network, called the “National Spatial Infrastructure”, that might change the security and economic operations of global governance. Xi Jinping’s Military–Civil Fusion (MCF) strategy is founded on this system. Along with the well-known BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), the remote sensing satellite system and the communication and broadcasting satellite system form this new infrastructure. China is using it to establish a strong monitoring capability by: collecting various data on vessels’ navigation and oceanography; developing a huge communication network that covers actors and objects on the ocean as well as in the sky and the space; reforming its fishery administration and establishing new laws that enable the authorities to mobilise the numerous Chinese fishermen operating in global waters; and cultivating people-friendly apps to invite more users into the Chinese systems. Based on its strong victimhood mentality that calls for “great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation”, the Xi Jinping administration is trying to initiate a new human age by developing advanced technology and integrating it with social implementation that aims to increase China’s influence over the globe.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133271481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2021.2018827
P. Jha, Quach Thi Hue
ABSTRACT India–Southeast Asia defence cooperation has not been highlighted much, primarily to not give out wrong signals about India’s power projection outlook. With India steadfastly maintaining that it is a benign nation and not a revisionist power, engagement in the defence domain with Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has been attempted in five ways. The first includes India’s engagement in ASEAN defence mechanisms, such as ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting (ADMM) Plus; and the participation of ASEAN nations in the Milan series of biennial meetings and Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS). The second dimension is India’s legitimate interest in the security of the Malacca Strait as a funnel state. The third dimension is developing synergies between the defence industries in Southeast Asia with the Indian defence industrial complex. The fourth angle of engagement is India’s position as the net security provider in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). The fifth critical aspect is developing maritime cooperative mechanism and developing a counter to the Chinese “string of pearls” strategy.
{"title":"India’s maritime diplomacy in Southeast Asia: Exploring synergies","authors":"P. Jha, Quach Thi Hue","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2021.2018827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2021.2018827","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT India–Southeast Asia defence cooperation has not been highlighted much, primarily to not give out wrong signals about India’s power projection outlook. With India steadfastly maintaining that it is a benign nation and not a revisionist power, engagement in the defence domain with Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has been attempted in five ways. The first includes India’s engagement in ASEAN defence mechanisms, such as ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting (ADMM) Plus; and the participation of ASEAN nations in the Milan series of biennial meetings and Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS). The second dimension is India’s legitimate interest in the security of the Malacca Strait as a funnel state. The third dimension is developing synergies between the defence industries in Southeast Asia with the Indian defence industrial complex. The fourth angle of engagement is India’s position as the net security provider in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). The fifth critical aspect is developing maritime cooperative mechanism and developing a counter to the Chinese “string of pearls” strategy.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132025758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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