Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1532486
S. S. Parmar
It is an exceptional delight to be present on an occasion where one receives multiple perspectives of the opportunities and challenges of the Indo-Pacific from a multiplicity of eminent personalities, who are either holding or have held public office, and, more importantly, steered national policies to positive logical conclusions. The inaugural Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue 2018, held in New Delhi, on 21 and 22 February 2018, was one such event where views from India, Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom (UK) were aired in the opening session and set the stage for the dialogue. The speakers included Admiral RK Dhowan (Retd), Chairman National Maritime Foundation (NMF); Admiral Sunil Lanba, Chief of the Naval Staff, India; Admiral RC Wijegunaratne, Chief of Defence Staff, Sri Lanka; Stephen Lovegrove, Permanent Secretary of Defence, United Kingdom; Nirmala Sitharaman, Hon’ble Defence Minister, India; and Nitin Gadkari, Hon’ble Minister for Road Transport & Highways, Shipping and Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, India.
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Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1509686
Jayanath Colombage, Prof(Dr) Lalith Edirisinghe
ABSTRACT Maritime trade is a key contributor to economy in many countries particularly those that are bordering on oceans. Sri Lanka is geographically located in proximity to the main East-West sea route creating multiple logistics advantages to the adjunct countries. This paper considers the maritime trade dependence between Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sri Lanka that focuses on potential implications and a futuristic view. The paper primarily provides an appraisal of maritime trade about Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. Thereafter, it identifies the historical connections between these countries and discusses the related developments and implications in the maritime industry. It consists of a review and comparison of shipping performance of the countries and an appraisal of Logistics Performance. In addition, it provides an indication of the global perception about other key factors pertaining to logistics and transport. Port project developments, One Belt One Road Initiative, maritime security, risk of Cyber-attacks, a rule based maritime order, trade and investment, transport, energy, and tourism are other factors that are highlighted in this paper.
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Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1506278
Zeng Xiangyu, Li Jiawei
ABSTRACT India, China and Japan, the economic big three in Asia, is heavily dependent on maritime trade in terms of importation of energy and other natural resources in addition to import/export of manufactured products. Major economic, political and security impact has been resulted from such a dependence, as the sea-lines of communication for maritime trade across the Indian Ocean and West Pacific is vulnerable to heavy conventional/unconventional threat. Policy measures have been taken in order to mitigate the vulnerabilities. Accelerated development of maritime powers, bilateralism/multilateralism, enhanced engagement with regional players and diversification policies are among such effort. The unconventional challenges are on the decline, partly thanks to effective counter-measures, while the conventional challenges is on the rise, also partly due to the mis-match of policies from major stakeholders. The Rise of Indo-Pacific Concept and the Emerging Maritime Regionalism can be a double-edge sword. Clarification of strategic intention and effective policy dialogue is needed for a more harmonious maritime engagement among the three. Strategic vision and smart policies are needed to ensure a cooperation for the benefit of all stakeholder inclusive of the three countries in particular.
{"title":"Implications of maritime trade-dependence of India, China and Japan","authors":"Zeng Xiangyu, Li Jiawei","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2018.1506278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2018.1506278","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT India, China and Japan, the economic big three in Asia, is heavily dependent on maritime trade in terms of importation of energy and other natural resources in addition to import/export of manufactured products. Major economic, political and security impact has been resulted from such a dependence, as the sea-lines of communication for maritime trade across the Indian Ocean and West Pacific is vulnerable to heavy conventional/unconventional threat. Policy measures have been taken in order to mitigate the vulnerabilities. Accelerated development of maritime powers, bilateralism/multilateralism, enhanced engagement with regional players and diversification policies are among such effort. The unconventional challenges are on the decline, partly thanks to effective counter-measures, while the conventional challenges is on the rise, also partly due to the mis-match of policies from major stakeholders. The Rise of Indo-Pacific Concept and the Emerging Maritime Regionalism can be a double-edge sword. Clarification of strategic intention and effective policy dialogue is needed for a more harmonious maritime engagement among the three. Strategic vision and smart policies are needed to ensure a cooperation for the benefit of all stakeholder inclusive of the three countries in particular.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115705293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1522778
Admiral RK Dhowan
The term ‘Indo-Pacific’ has, in recent years, moved quite decisively from its origins within the discipline of ‘biogeography’ to the realms of ‘geopolitics’, and today the Indo-Pacific Region has emerged as the world’s centre of gravity in the maritime domain. In spatial terms, the Indo-Pacific Region refers to a predominantly maritime space which, insofar as India is concerned, incorporates all littoral states of West Asia and Africa; goes right across the Indian Ocean in its entirety, envelops SE Asia (ASEAN), stretches into the Western Pacific to include the littorals of East and Northeast Asia (including North and South Korea, Japan and China), and even reaches across Australia and New Zealand into the sprawl of Southern Pacific Island nations. The vastness of the Indo-Pacific Region is explicit in the connection it provides three continents and a multitude of nations, all with differing perspectives and expectations from the region. Given the diversity and the maritime turmoil the Indo-Pacific Region is witnessing, we, at the National Maritime Foundation, decided to rebrand our Flagship conference. Accordingly, this year the Annual Maritime Power Conference was renamed as the Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue, referred to as the IPRD. The dialogue, first in a series of the Indian Navy’s apex level conference on the Indo-Pacific was conducted in seamless partnership with the National Maritime Foundation as the knowledge partner, and the Indian Navy as the lead state agency. This change, personified in the quip, What’s in a Name, took us down a path which ended in amazing results. The host of questions to be answered were never ending. Some of the central questions included; What are the central nodes that might define the security dynamics of the Indo Pacific from India’s perspective and the perspectives of its maritime neighbours? What are the more significant maritime challenges in this region and what ought to be India’s strategies for risk-mitigation? Perhaps even more importantly, since every challenge is simultaneously an opportunity, what are the opportunities that present themselves before India’s maritime policy-shapers, policy-makers, and, the practitioners of these policies? How could other regional players react to the geopolitical game-moves by India and other major players within the Indo-Pacific? These questions and a host of other issues were deliberated during the two day conference under four themes. Firstly, the growth and vulnerabilities of maritime merchandise trade, whose environmentally-sensitive development is an important constituent of the Blue Economy. Secondly, regional connectivity-models such as the Belt and Road Initiative, the International North-South Transit Corridor, the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor, Project MAUSAM, and the Honourable Prime Minister’s concept of SAGAR. The theme also encompassed the examination of regional maritime structures such as the IONS, IORA and WPNS for enhancing maritime cooperation. Th
{"title":"From the Chairman’s desk","authors":"Admiral RK Dhowan","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2018.1522778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2018.1522778","url":null,"abstract":"The term ‘Indo-Pacific’ has, in recent years, moved quite decisively from its origins within the discipline of ‘biogeography’ to the realms of ‘geopolitics’, and today the Indo-Pacific Region has emerged as the world’s centre of gravity in the maritime domain. In spatial terms, the Indo-Pacific Region refers to a predominantly maritime space which, insofar as India is concerned, incorporates all littoral states of West Asia and Africa; goes right across the Indian Ocean in its entirety, envelops SE Asia (ASEAN), stretches into the Western Pacific to include the littorals of East and Northeast Asia (including North and South Korea, Japan and China), and even reaches across Australia and New Zealand into the sprawl of Southern Pacific Island nations. The vastness of the Indo-Pacific Region is explicit in the connection it provides three continents and a multitude of nations, all with differing perspectives and expectations from the region. Given the diversity and the maritime turmoil the Indo-Pacific Region is witnessing, we, at the National Maritime Foundation, decided to rebrand our Flagship conference. Accordingly, this year the Annual Maritime Power Conference was renamed as the Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue, referred to as the IPRD. The dialogue, first in a series of the Indian Navy’s apex level conference on the Indo-Pacific was conducted in seamless partnership with the National Maritime Foundation as the knowledge partner, and the Indian Navy as the lead state agency. This change, personified in the quip, What’s in a Name, took us down a path which ended in amazing results. The host of questions to be answered were never ending. Some of the central questions included; What are the central nodes that might define the security dynamics of the Indo Pacific from India’s perspective and the perspectives of its maritime neighbours? What are the more significant maritime challenges in this region and what ought to be India’s strategies for risk-mitigation? Perhaps even more importantly, since every challenge is simultaneously an opportunity, what are the opportunities that present themselves before India’s maritime policy-shapers, policy-makers, and, the practitioners of these policies? How could other regional players react to the geopolitical game-moves by India and other major players within the Indo-Pacific? These questions and a host of other issues were deliberated during the two day conference under four themes. Firstly, the growth and vulnerabilities of maritime merchandise trade, whose environmentally-sensitive development is an important constituent of the Blue Economy. Secondly, regional connectivity-models such as the Belt and Road Initiative, the International North-South Transit Corridor, the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor, Project MAUSAM, and the Honourable Prime Minister’s concept of SAGAR. The theme also encompassed the examination of regional maritime structures such as the IONS, IORA and WPNS for enhancing maritime cooperation. Th","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121300772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1478432
Aniruddha Rajput
ABSTRACT At a time when there are instances of lack of participation in binding dispute resolution mechanisms under the UNCLOS, the Bay of Bengal Arbitrations provide a ray of hope and adherence to the rule of law. The three Bay of Bengal States: Bangladesh, India and Myanmar settled their long standing disputed claims over the maritime zones in the Bay of Bengal in a peaceful manner. These cases represent that States relatively stronger on the political level as compared to others are willing to compromise their positions and adhere to the outcome of dispute resolution proceedings under the UNCLOS. These cases involved sensitive issues such as the determination of the land boundary terminus, based upon the reports and other proceedings relating to the partition of India. There were other controversial claims over certain islands, which too were presented for adjudication and the decision was thereafter complied with all the parties to the dispute. These cases thus constitute a prime example of the importance of adherence to a rule based system for maritime claims.
{"title":"Bay of Bengal maritime delimitation cases: Upholding the Rule of law in international relations","authors":"Aniruddha Rajput","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2018.1478432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2018.1478432","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT At a time when there are instances of lack of participation in binding dispute resolution mechanisms under the UNCLOS, the Bay of Bengal Arbitrations provide a ray of hope and adherence to the rule of law. The three Bay of Bengal States: Bangladesh, India and Myanmar settled their long standing disputed claims over the maritime zones in the Bay of Bengal in a peaceful manner. These cases represent that States relatively stronger on the political level as compared to others are willing to compromise their positions and adhere to the outcome of dispute resolution proceedings under the UNCLOS. These cases involved sensitive issues such as the determination of the land boundary terminus, based upon the reports and other proceedings relating to the partition of India. There were other controversial claims over certain islands, which too were presented for adjudication and the decision was thereafter complied with all the parties to the dispute. These cases thus constitute a prime example of the importance of adherence to a rule based system for maritime claims.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125749510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1478433
J. G. Kallimani
ABSTRACT The volume of collected and synthesised data available to governmental leaders assessing the maritime domain has increased rapidly over recent years. Analogue data has given way to digital data, which provides an opportunity for better storage, analysis and transfer. Data infusion and management has become the key constraint in respect of data collection. Using data to make decisions requires the appropriate tools and processes to assess and transfer data to near real-time user domains. In the maritime environment, there is a constantly growing demand for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) data for both national security and commercial purposes, including data sharing among partner nations. However, an increase in available data does not automatically equate to an increase in decision-ready information. Rather, the increase in data can overwhelm sensors, databases and analysts. The concept and use of “big data” exacerbate the already overwhelming flow of data in terms of the volume, variety, and velocity of the data being received. This paper will explore the digitisation of the maritime domain, and the prospect of performing data analysis in a world of rapidly growing data. Abbreviations: BAMS: Broad area maritime surveillance; DAMA-DMBOK: Data Management Association Guide to the Data Management Body of Knowledge; ECDIS: Electronic chart display and information system; EDM: Enterprise data management; ELT: Extract, load, transform; ETL: Extract, transform, load; ISR: Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; MDA: Maritime domain awareness; PWC: PriceWaterhouseCoopers; ROI: Return on investment; SDLC: Systems development life cycle; TCPED: Tasking, collection, processing, exploitation and dissemination; WGS: Wideband global satellite
{"title":"The Challenges of Digitisation and Data Analysis in the Maritime Domain","authors":"J. G. Kallimani","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2018.1478433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2018.1478433","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The volume of collected and synthesised data available to governmental leaders assessing the maritime domain has increased rapidly over recent years. Analogue data has given way to digital data, which provides an opportunity for better storage, analysis and transfer. Data infusion and management has become the key constraint in respect of data collection. Using data to make decisions requires the appropriate tools and processes to assess and transfer data to near real-time user domains. In the maritime environment, there is a constantly growing demand for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) data for both national security and commercial purposes, including data sharing among partner nations. However, an increase in available data does not automatically equate to an increase in decision-ready information. Rather, the increase in data can overwhelm sensors, databases and analysts. The concept and use of “big data” exacerbate the already overwhelming flow of data in terms of the volume, variety, and velocity of the data being received. This paper will explore the digitisation of the maritime domain, and the prospect of performing data analysis in a world of rapidly growing data. Abbreviations: BAMS: Broad area maritime surveillance; DAMA-DMBOK: Data Management Association Guide to the Data Management Body of Knowledge; ECDIS: Electronic chart display and information system; EDM: Enterprise data management; ELT: Extract, load, transform; ETL: Extract, transform, load; ISR: Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; MDA: Maritime domain awareness; PWC: PriceWaterhouseCoopers; ROI: Return on investment; SDLC: Systems development life cycle; TCPED: Tasking, collection, processing, exploitation and dissemination; WGS: Wideband global satellite","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127350006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1478435
Captain (Dr) Gurpreet S Khurana
ABSTRACT This paper reviews the existing multilateral structures in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) – notably the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) – in the context of various geopolitical facets, ranging from geoeconomics to regional security and good order. It examines and recommends options to bolster economic multilateralism in the IOR though a comprehensive two-fold approach. The first one seeks to enhance intraregional trade, maritime–economic connectivity, and technology sharing, delving into issues relating to a region-wide free trade agreement (FTA), the amalgamation of economic corridors within IORA, and the “Make in India” initiative. The second is founded upon the indispensability of a secure and conducive maritime environment for economic development, and addresses maritime safety and security (MSS), as also “good order” in the IOR. It suggests measures to bolster the IORA’s nascent MSS architecture with a web of bilateral, trilateral and subregional mechanisms, emphasising the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) as the key functional enabler of IORA’s MSS agenda. It also examines the imminent challenges relating to freedom of navigation (FoN), and undertakes an appraisal of Sri Lanka’s draft Code of Conduct (CoC) for the Indian Ocean. The arguments presented hinge upon the suggestion that the collective approach of the IOR countries should ideally be in consonance with India’s prime-ministerial enunciation of the concept of SAGAR – security and growth for all in the region. If each Indian Ocean country’s economy is a “boat”, the Indian “boat” cannot rise unless all “boats” rise with a rising economic tide.
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Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2017.1410934
Amrita Jash
ABSTRACT The East China Sea dispute has become a characteristic feature in the defined “hot economics, cold politics” relations between China and Japan. The maritime sphere has gained precedence in the larger realm of diplomacy, thus making the contested waters a primary hotspot of power politics between the two Asian countries. With the growing tensions, in all likelihood the maritime dispute will be high on the political and security agenda of China and Japan. What makes this worrisome is that the dispute does not just make the bilateral relations unstable but holds significant implications for East Asia’s regional stability. In this regard, given the phenomenon of constant testing of each other’s resolve, the possibility of an all-out confrontation in the East China Sea remains a vital concern. What has further added to the power struggle is the US involvement, thus making the dispute a difficult case to resolve. The crux of the paper lies in understanding the volatility of the East China Sea dispute between China and Japan. In doing so, the paper examines the determinants of the dispute, the actors involved and their responses.
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Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2017.1414854
R. Dhowan
The maritime environment in the Indian Ocean Region, and the larger Indo-Pacific, is today characterized by an unusual complexity. While the seas and oceans offer the greatest potential for the dev...
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Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2017.1412578
Jyotishman Bhagawati
{"title":"Destined For War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap?","authors":"Jyotishman Bhagawati","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2017.1412578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2017.1412578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122999376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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