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American struggle for global leadership and the strategic options of Serbia 美国对全球领导地位的争夺以及塞尔维亚的战略选择
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/spm80-44288
Mladen Lišanin
Contemporary turbulence regarding the issue of global leadership (referred to by some authors as "primacy" or "hegemony") takes place within a specific context, manifested through a single fundamental rift: the one based on key actors' attitudes towards the necessity of structural revision of the world system, contrasted with aspirations to maintain the status quo. In other words, the struggle for global leadership not only has different goals, but also a different logic altogether, if it is observed from the aspect of a declining hegemon, or from the aspects of its challengers. At the same time, the fact that the hegemon is usually a status quo power, seeking to maintain the basic global parameters of power distribution, does not mean that it will not behave in a revisionist manner in various subsystem (regional and sub-regional) frameworks. One of the sub-regions in which the inverse logic of the actions of the global hegemon and those of its challengers on the status quo - revisionism spectrum is apparent, is the Western Balkans. Such behavior, as well as the conditions of increased complexity of foreign policy determinants from the system and regional levels, have consistently incentivized Serbia to opt for the strategy of hedging, in order to compensate the costs incurred in some areas by gains in others. The field of defence and security in the form of joint exercises and arms procurement, has been of particular importance in this regard, as Serbia has been pursuing close and dynamic relations with a wide range of partners, including the US, Russia, China, Israel, France and other European countries, NATO members and non-members alike. In terms of Serbian-American relations, NATO remains a crucial catalyst; however, the US is increasingly engaged in a more straightforward, bilateral manner - e.g. with regard to the Kosovo and Metohija issue, which is yet another motive for Serbia to maintain its hedging strategy. The trends of global primacy competition, dramatically accelerated at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, particularly as the war in Ukraine keeps unfolding, will remain a determinant which strategic options of Serbia largely depend upon. Hedging is most likely to remain the key feature of Serbia's strategic posture, although there is a possibility this might change in light of a potentially renewed transatlantic and intra-European political coherence.
当代关于全球领导力(一些作者称之为“首要地位”或“霸权”)问题的动荡发生在一个特定的背景下,表现为一个单一的根本裂痕:一个基于关键行动者对世界体系结构修正必要性的态度,与维持现状的愿望形成对比。换句话说,如果从一个衰落的霸主或其挑战者的角度来观察,争夺全球领导权的斗争不仅有不同的目标,而且有完全不同的逻辑。与此同时,霸权通常是一个维持现状的大国,寻求维持权力分配的基本全球参数,这一事实并不意味着它不会在各个子系统(区域和次区域)框架中以修正主义的方式行事。全球霸主及其挑战者在现状修正主义问题上的行动明显存在相反逻辑的次区域之一是西巴尔干。这种行为,以及系统和区域两级外交政策决定因素日益复杂的情况,一直促使塞尔维亚选择套期保值战略,以便用在其他领域的收益来补偿在某些领域所付出的代价。联合演习和武器采购形式的国防和安全领域在这方面具有特别重要的意义,因为塞尔维亚一直在寻求与广泛的伙伴建立密切和充满活力的关系,包括美国、俄罗斯、中国、以色列、法国和其他欧洲国家、北约成员国和非成员国。就塞尔维亚和美国的关系而言,北约仍然是一个关键的催化剂;然而,美国越来越多地以一种更直接的双边方式参与其中——例如在科索沃和梅托希亚问题上,这是塞尔维亚维持其对冲战略的另一个动机。全球主导权竞争的趋势在21世纪第三个十年开始时急剧加速,特别是随着乌克兰战争的持续展开,这将继续决定塞尔维亚的战略选择在很大程度上取决于。尽管考虑到跨大西洋和欧洲内部可能重新形成的政治一致性,这种情况可能会发生变化,但对冲很可能仍是塞尔维亚战略姿态的关键特征。
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引用次数: 0
The role of the state in shaping and protecting national identity 国家在塑造和保护国家特性方面的作用
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/spm80-44375
Đuro Bodrožić
In this paper, we are talking about the historical roots of the nation state. In order to understand the meaning of an ideal, it is necessary to know its history, which also applies to the national ideal. By nation we mean people who know themselves in their country. The idea of the state is what transforms a people, understood as a cultural concept, into a politically active force that we know as a nation. In order for a nation to be considered free, not only civil liberties in the state embodied in equality before good laws are sufficient, but also freedom, embodied un equality with other states, which is in its independence. National independence is needed by peoples in order to ensure that foreigners do not take advantage of them economically, plunder and exploit them, and do not subjugate them spiritually. Both economic and spiritual development imply freedom. There is no denying that the cultural development of a country and a people is deeply and inseparably linked with their national freedom. The state does not create a nation by infusing a single consciousness and will into a random multitude that would be acquired within the state borders, but it largely ensures the contrtion of factors that form the national will by ensuring the concentration of those factors. There are numerous examples of peoples that survived of their state, but there are no ehamples of the formation of a people being completed without a state structure. We cite reasons that indicate that the national state is the best form of political organization because it has proven to be the most suitable political form for preserving individual and collective freedom.
在本文中,我们讨论的是民族国家的历史根源。要理解理想的含义,就必须了解它的历史,这同样适用于民族理想。所谓民族,我们指的是那些了解自己国家的人。国家的概念是将一个民族,作为一种文化概念,转变为我们所知的一个国家的政治积极力量。一个国家要被认为是自由的,不仅这个国家的公民自由体现在好法律面前的平等,而且自由体现在与其他国家的不平等,这就是它的独立性。人民需要民族独立,以确保外国人在经济上不占他们的便宜,掠夺和剥削他们,在精神上不征服他们。经济和精神的发展都意味着自由。不可否认,一个国家和一个民族的文化发展与其民族自由有着深刻而不可分割的联系。国家不是通过将单一的意识和意志灌输到国家边界内随机获得的众多人中来创造一个民族的,而是通过确保这些因素的集中,在很大程度上确保了形成民族意志的因素的控制。有许多民族从他们的国家中幸存下来的例子,但没有一个民族的形成在没有国家结构的情况下完成的例子。我们列举的理由表明,民族国家是最好的政治组织形式,因为它已被证明是最适合保护个人和集体自由的政治形式。
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引用次数: 2
O dualizmu između jedne autorke i njenog dela - Ewa Bujwid Kurek: Legitymizacja ustroju politycznego państw pojugosłowiańskich, Księgarnia akademicka, Kraków, 2019 O dualizm između jedne autorke i njenog dela - Ewa Bujwid Kurek: Legitymizacja ustroju politycznego państw pojugosłowiańskich, Księgarnia akademicka, Kraków, 2019
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/spm81-45441
Bojana Sekulić
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引用次数: 0
The military service as part of the social ideal in Serbia 在塞尔维亚,服兵役是社会理想的一部分
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/spm80-44254
S. Starčević, S. Blagojević
Compulsory conscription in Serbia was established in the 19th century, and the military as a social institution rapidly became an indispensable part of the socialization process of citizens. It remained so until 2011, which lent credibility to the strategic considerations of deterrence and total defense of that time. The return of war to European soil actualizes the issue of society's readiness for defense in many European countries. Serbian society has changed significantly in the two previous decades, becoming largely described by Bauman's fluid modernity, and the capacity of citizens for armed and unarmed resistance in the event of war has significantly declined. Starting from the assumption that the suspension of the compulsory conscription remains valid, the authors examine the possibilities for increasing the interest of young people in voluntary military service, which is the subject of this paper. The aim of the paper is to show the necessity, justification and content of state incentives for young people who opt for military service, as well as to point out their probable social consequences. The theoretical framework of the work is the theory of the network society of Manuel Castells and his understanding of individuation as a cultural tendency of modern society that differs from individualism. The authors conclude that increasing interest in voluntary military service is possible by connecting individual projects of citizens with military service as part of a common, social ideal in Serbia. State incentives for voluntary military service and, subsequently, participation in the active and passive reserves, could be divided into three groups. The first would be incentives related to employment, the second would be cooperation between the state and civic initiatives and organizations, and the third would be incentives related to business and tax incentives.
塞尔维亚于19世纪建立了强制征兵制度,军队作为一种社会制度迅速成为公民社会化进程中不可或缺的一部分。这种情况一直持续到2011年,这为当时的威慑和全面防御的战略考虑提供了可信度。战争在欧洲土地上的回归使许多欧洲国家的社会防御准备问题成为现实。在过去的二十年里,塞尔维亚社会发生了重大变化,主要由鲍曼的流动现代性所描述,公民在战争中进行武装和非武装抵抗的能力大大下降。作者从暂停义务兵役制仍然有效的假设出发,研究了增加年轻人对义务兵役制的兴趣的可能性,这是本文的主题。本文的目的是展示国家激励年轻人选择服兵役的必要性、正当性和内容,并指出其可能的社会后果。本书的理论框架是曼纽尔·卡斯特的网络社会理论及其对个性化作为一种不同于个人主义的现代社会文化倾向的理解。作者的结论是,通过将公民的个人项目与兵役联系起来,作为塞尔维亚共同的社会理想的一部分,可以增加对志愿兵役的兴趣。国家鼓励自愿服兵役以及随后参加主动和被动预备役的措施可分为三类。第一种是与就业有关的激励措施,第二种是国家与公民倡议和组织之间的合作,第三种是与商业和税收优惠有关的激励措施。
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引用次数: 0
Savremene sociološke teme - Mitrović Ljubiša R.: Sociološke marginalije na savremene teme, Prometej, Novi Sad, 2022 Savremene socialioške teme-MitrovićLjubiša R.:社会学边缘化,Prometej,Novi Sad,2022
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/spm80-43522
Bojana Sekulić
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引用次数: 0
Nauka i naučnice u Srbiji i svetu 塞尔维亚和世界的科学和科学家
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/spm80-44752
Jelena Todorović-Lazić
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引用次数: 0
Fanar and the Serbian Orthodox Church 法纳尔和塞尔维亚东正教
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/spm82-47089
Zoran Milošević
When analyzing the relations of the Fanar - Patriarchy of Constantinople - towards the Serbian Orthodox Church, we have different periods. These are: periods of cooperation and periods of confrontation which were initiated by the Fanar. In this paper, we will talk about the period of confrontation. After the fall of the medieval Serbian state under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, the Orthodox found itself under the rule of the Muslims. Their position worsened with the abolition of the Patriarchate of Peć in 1766. It happened due to several things. The main reason cited is the mistrust of the Porte towards the Serbian Church and the work of the Fanariot Greeks who wanted to subjugate the Patriarchate of Peć to the Greek Church. The very act of abolition was preceded by attempts at Hellenization. It was not seen only in Serbia, but also in Bulgaria, where many learned Bulgarians considered themselves Greeks. Simultaneously with the arrival of Greek bishops at the head of the Serbian dioceses, the merciless plundering of the Serbian people began. It was one of the main reasons for the Islamization of not only the Serbs, but other peoples as well. The second period is contemporary. In it, Fanar(iots) disputes the autocephaly of the Serbian Orthodox Church, as well as the territories under its jurisdiction. That is why they renamed it to the "Church of Serbia". Thereby taking away all dioceses outside the territory of the present-day state of Serbia from the Serbian Orthodox Church.
在分析 "法纳尔"--君士坦丁堡牧首辖区--与塞尔维亚东正教会的关系时,我们有不同的时期。它们是:合作时期和由法纳尔发起的对抗时期。本文将讨论对抗时期。在奥斯曼帝国统治下的中世纪塞尔维亚国家灭亡后,东正教发现自己处于穆斯林的统治之下。随着1766年佩奇牧首辖区的废除,他们的处境更加恶化。发生这种情况有几个原因。主要原因是 Porte 对塞尔维亚教会的不信任,以及 Fanariot 希腊人想让佩奇牧首辖区臣服于希腊教会。在废除教会的行动之前,希腊化的尝试就已经开始了。这种情况不仅出现在塞尔维亚,也出现在保加利亚,许多博学的保加利亚人认为自己是希腊人。在希腊主教进入塞尔维亚教区担任主教的同时,对塞尔维亚人民的无情掠夺也开始了。这不仅是塞尔维亚人伊斯兰化的主要原因之一,也是其他民族伊斯兰化的主要原因之一。第二个时期是当代。在这一时期,Fanar(iots)对塞尔维亚东正教的教会地位及其管辖的领土提出了争议。因此,他们将其更名为 "塞尔维亚教会"。这样,塞尔维亚东正教就从今天的塞尔维亚国领土之外的所有教区中分离出来。
{"title":"Fanar and the Serbian Orthodox Church","authors":"Zoran Milošević","doi":"10.5937/spm82-47089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/spm82-47089","url":null,"abstract":"When analyzing the relations of the Fanar - Patriarchy of Constantinople - towards the Serbian Orthodox Church, we have different periods. These are: periods of cooperation and periods of confrontation which were initiated by the Fanar. In this paper, we will talk about the period of confrontation. After the fall of the medieval Serbian state under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, the Orthodox found itself under the rule of the Muslims. Their position worsened with the abolition of the Patriarchate of Peć in 1766. It happened due to several things. The main reason cited is the mistrust of the Porte towards the Serbian Church and the work of the Fanariot Greeks who wanted to subjugate the Patriarchate of Peć to the Greek Church. The very act of abolition was preceded by attempts at Hellenization. It was not seen only in Serbia, but also in Bulgaria, where many learned Bulgarians considered themselves Greeks. Simultaneously with the arrival of Greek bishops at the head of the Serbian dioceses, the merciless plundering of the Serbian people began. It was one of the main reasons for the Islamization of not only the Serbs, but other peoples as well. The second period is contemporary. In it, Fanar(iots) disputes the autocephaly of the Serbian Orthodox Church, as well as the territories under its jurisdiction. That is why they renamed it to the \"Church of Serbia\". Thereby taking away all dioceses outside the territory of the present-day state of Serbia from the Serbian Orthodox Church.","PeriodicalId":34288,"journal":{"name":"Srpska Politicka Misao","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135158005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Institutional framework of youth organization in local self-government units in the Republic of Serbia: Problems and potential solutions 塞尔维亚共和国地方自治单位青年组织的体制框架:问题和可能的解决办法
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/spm81-45344
Dejan Milenković, Agatina Petrović
The paper analyzes the institutional mechanisms of youth participation in the creation and implementation of public policies, with a focus on the local level. The paper highlights the importance of young people's social capital for the development of a healthy and sustainable community. Through active participation, formal and informal association, and continuous communication with local institutions, young people develop opportunities to express and fulfill their rights and needs, while contributing to the overall development of the local community. The Law on Youth, which was adopted in the Republic of Serbia over 10 years ago, determines the ways of organizing youth, but there have been numerous problems in its implementation. Using the metod of content analysis of legal norms, primarily the Law on Youth and National Youth Strategies, institutional problems of youth organization are presented, and specific normative solutions that could become part of a new youth law are proposed. Special emphasis is placed on the institutional framework of youth organization at the local level, where youth offices, youth spaces and youth work are analyzed. The results of the analysis have shown numerous problems resulting from unclear and insufficiently developed provisions of the law on these issues. Additionally, the paper presents comparative solutions for the same issues in certain European Union member states and Western Balkans countries.
本文以地方层面为重点,分析了青年参与公共政策制定和实施的体制机制。该文件强调了青年人的社会资本对发展一个健康和可持续的社区的重要性。通过积极参与,正式和非正式的联系,以及与当地机构的持续沟通,年轻人有机会表达和实现他们的权利和需求,同时为当地社区的整体发展做出贡献。塞尔维亚共和国十多年前通过的《青年法》确定了组织青年的方式,但在执行过程中出现了许多问题。运用法律规范的内容分析方法,主要是青年法和国家青年战略,提出了青年组织的制度问题,并提出了具体的规范性解决方案,可以成为新的青年法的一部分。特别强调青年组织在地方一级的体制框架,其中青年办公室,青年空间和青年工作进行了分析。分析的结果显示,关于这些问题的法律规定不明确和不够完善造成了许多问题。此外,本文还对某些欧盟成员国和西巴尔干国家的相同问题提出了比较的解决办法。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of the great powers on the national interests of the Republic of Serbia 大国对塞尔维亚共和国国家利益的影响
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/spm81-45774
Sandra Božić
The topic of this work refers to the examination of the influence of great powers on the national interests of the Republic of Serbia for the purpose of analysing the strategic environment that precedes the definition of a deterrence strategy under conditions of military neutrality. National interests are best understood as fundamental and enduring needs, desires, or streams that help determine the goals of national security policy. National interests and their importance can be categorized in different ways and are most often considered in a practical sense as existential, vital and others. For the Republic of Serbia and the majority of the Serbian people, the national interest in preserving sovereignty and territorial independence, which is threatened by the illegal declaration of independence of AP KiM, represents the greatest threat to freedom and independence as basic national values. The defence of AP KiM and its preservation in the constitutional and legal order of the Republic of Serbia is an existential national interest, the realization of which requires the engagement of all instruments of the national power of the Republic of Serbia. A negative influence on the realization of this interest comes from the external and internal environment. In accordance with the above, and taking into account the limitations in the requirements for the preparation, the paper focuses on the basic question: how do great powers affect the existential national interest of the Republic of Serbia? In the theoretical-methodological approach, a theoretical analysis of the terms national interests and values was used, a classification of national interests was carried out based on modified analytical approaches, and the relationship between the influence of great powers on the existential national interest of the Republic of Serbia was examined. The results of the research indicate that, despite changes in the geopolitical environment that indicate the emergence of a multipolar world, the actions of major powers have a predominantly negative impact on the existential national interest. Such a fact requires the search for measures to reduce strategic risk in order to mitigate and eliminate the negative effects of the actions of the great powers and to connect Serbian national interests with the interests of powers that have a positive impact on the national security interests of the Republic of Serbia.
这项工作的主题是审查大国对塞尔维亚共和国国家利益的影响,以便分析在军事中立条件下定义威慑战略之前的战略环境。国家利益最好被理解为有助于确定国家安全政策目标的基本和持久的需求、愿望或流。国家利益及其重要性可以以不同的方式分类,在实际意义上通常被认为是存在的、至关重要的和其他的。对塞尔维亚共和国和大多数塞尔维亚人民来说,维护主权和领土独立的国家利益受到AP KiM非法宣布独立的威胁,这是对作为基本民族价值的自由和独立的最大威胁。保卫AP KiM并将其保存在塞尔维亚共和国的宪法和法律秩序中是一项存在的国家利益,实现这一利益需要塞尔维亚共和国国家权力的所有工具的参与。对这一利益实现的负面影响来自外部和内部环境。在此基础上,并考虑到准备条件的局限性,本文将重点关注一个基本问题:大国如何影响塞尔维亚共和国存在的国家利益?在理论-方法方法方面,对国家利益和价值观这两个术语进行了理论分析,根据改进的分析方法对国家利益进行了分类,并研究了大国对塞尔维亚共和国存在的国家利益的影响之间的关系。研究结果表明,尽管地缘政治环境的变化表明多极世界的出现,但大国的行动对存在的国家利益的影响主要是负面的。这一事实要求寻求减少战略风险的措施,以减轻和消除大国行动的消极影响,并将塞尔维亚国家利益与对塞尔维亚共和国国家安全利益有积极影响的大国利益联系起来。
{"title":"The influence of the great powers on the national interests of the Republic of Serbia","authors":"Sandra Božić","doi":"10.5937/spm81-45774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/spm81-45774","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of this work refers to the examination of the influence of great powers on the national interests of the Republic of Serbia for the purpose of analysing the strategic environment that precedes the definition of a deterrence strategy under conditions of military neutrality. National interests are best understood as fundamental and enduring needs, desires, or streams that help determine the goals of national security policy. National interests and their importance can be categorized in different ways and are most often considered in a practical sense as existential, vital and others. For the Republic of Serbia and the majority of the Serbian people, the national interest in preserving sovereignty and territorial independence, which is threatened by the illegal declaration of independence of AP KiM, represents the greatest threat to freedom and independence as basic national values. The defence of AP KiM and its preservation in the constitutional and legal order of the Republic of Serbia is an existential national interest, the realization of which requires the engagement of all instruments of the national power of the Republic of Serbia. A negative influence on the realization of this interest comes from the external and internal environment. In accordance with the above, and taking into account the limitations in the requirements for the preparation, the paper focuses on the basic question: how do great powers affect the existential national interest of the Republic of Serbia? In the theoretical-methodological approach, a theoretical analysis of the terms national interests and values was used, a classification of national interests was carried out based on modified analytical approaches, and the relationship between the influence of great powers on the existential national interest of the Republic of Serbia was examined. The results of the research indicate that, despite changes in the geopolitical environment that indicate the emergence of a multipolar world, the actions of major powers have a predominantly negative impact on the existential national interest. Such a fact requires the search for measures to reduce strategic risk in order to mitigate and eliminate the negative effects of the actions of the great powers and to connect Serbian national interests with the interests of powers that have a positive impact on the national security interests of the Republic of Serbia.","PeriodicalId":34288,"journal":{"name":"Srpska Politicka Misao","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135839998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bezbednost zdravlja u Srbiji - Adrijana Grmuša: Bezbednost zdravlja u Srbiji - Crveni krst i epidemiološki problemi (studija slučaja), Institut za političke studije, Beograd, 2023 塞尔维亚的卫生保健问题--Adrijana Grmuša:塞尔维亚的卫生保健问题--Crveni krst i epidemiologški problemi(事故研究),政治研究所,贝尔格莱德,2023 年。
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/spm81-45478
Ivan Matić
{"title":"Bezbednost zdravlja u Srbiji - Adrijana Grmuša: Bezbednost zdravlja u Srbiji - Crveni krst i epidemiološki problemi (studija slučaja), Institut za političke studije, Beograd, 2023","authors":"Ivan Matić","doi":"10.5937/spm81-45478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/spm81-45478","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34288,"journal":{"name":"Srpska Politicka Misao","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135840004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Srpska Politicka Misao
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