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Robust Concurrent Design of Product Families and Assembly Systems 产品族与装配系统的鲁棒并行设计
Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.34257/gjregvol21is2pg1
April Bryan
While robust optimization techniques have been found useful for the modeling of uncertainties in a wide range of fields, their application to concurrent engineering optimization models have been limited. This research introduces new integer, non-linear programs for the robust concurrent design of product families and their corresponding assembly systems. The models introduced involve the application of interval and ellipsoidal uncertainty functions to the solution of the latter problem. A new, exhaustive search algorithm for the determination of exact solutions to the models is also introduced. The implementation of the model is demonstrated with an example.
虽然鲁棒优化技术已被发现对广泛领域的不确定性建模有用,但它们在并行工程优化模型中的应用受到限制。本文介绍了一种用于产品族及其装配系统鲁棒并行设计的新型整数非线性程序。所介绍的模型涉及将区间不确定性函数和椭球不确定性函数应用于后一问题的求解。本文还介绍了一种新的穷举搜索算法来确定模型的精确解。最后通过实例说明了该模型的实现。
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引用次数: 0
Social-Economic Effects and Political Satisfaction from Pedestrian Footbridges in Rural Areas 农村地区人行天桥的社会经济效应与政治满意度
Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.34257/gjrejvol21is3pg83
Claude Munyaneza, Leopold Mbereyaho
It is generally accepted that having a proper river crossing point has a positive effect on rural inhabitants. Such crossing points would increase the ability of communities to access their social services, markets, jobs, and thereby lead to raising their standard of living. In line with this objective,Rwanda has been promoting the construction of pedestrian footbridges in rural areas, and with different partners, different pedestrian footbridges have already been constructed. It is very crucial that all institutions involved in the construction of pedestrian footbridges, both public and private, consider the financial benefits of pedestrian footbridges and some significant direct and indirect effects on the rural communities.The Objective of this study was to identify all possible benefits that may be generated by pedestrian footbridges to understand the potential range of their impacts in rural areas and the likely responses from those people impacted by the project. The study also proposed a comprehensive approach for estimating the economic impacts of a pedestrian footbridge in rural areas. The methodology involved community interviews conducted during site visits to identify and predict possible impacts due to the lack and availability of safe access via pedestrian footbridges.
人们普遍认为,有一个适当的渡河点对农村居民有积极的影响。这些过境点将增加社区获得社会服务、市场和就业的能力,从而提高他们的生活水平。为了实现这一目标,卢旺达一直在推动在农村地区建造人行天桥,并与不同的合作伙伴已经建造了不同的人行天桥。所有参与兴建行人天桥的公营及私营机构,都必须考虑行人天桥的经济效益,以及对乡郊社区的直接及间接影响。这项研究的目的是确定行人天桥可能带来的所有好处,以了解其对乡郊地区的潜在影响范围,以及受该项目的影响人士的可能反应。研究亦建议一套综合方法,以评估在乡郊地区兴建行人天桥的经济影响。研究方法包括在实地考察期间进行的社区访谈,以确定和预测由于行人天桥安全通道的缺乏和可用性可能产生的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Airfoil Analysis and Effect of Wing Shape Optimization on Aerodynamic Parameters in a Steady Flight 翼型分析及翼型优化对稳定飞行气动参数的影响
Pub Date : 2021-10-16 DOI: 10.34257/gjredvol21is1pg43
Vishu K. Oza, Hardik R. Vala
The work in this paper deals with reconstructing and optimizing the wing geometry of an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle for improved performance and reviewing the impact of the modification on flight parameters in a steady flight. The behavior of airfoils at planned flight conditions under I.S.A. is checked in XFLR5 software. Following up by 2-D CFD and boundary layer analysis of former and new airfoil, dimensions of the wing are re-developed, keeping the fuselage and tail structure same. The existing wing and the optimized wing design is analyzed by Vortex Lattice Method and Triangular Panel Method, with an objective to make the shape of the wing aerodynamically suitable for an increased Lift to Drag ratio and thereby minimizing drag coefficients.
本文研究了为提高无人机性能而对其机翼几何结构进行重构和优化,并研究了机翼几何结构的改进对稳定飞行中飞行参数的影响。在issa计划飞行条件下的翼型行为在XFLR5软件中进行了检查。在原有翼型和新翼型的二维CFD和边界层分析的基础上,在保持机身和尾翼结构不变的情况下,重新制定了机翼的尺寸。采用涡点阵法和三角面板法对现有机翼和优化后的机翼设计进行了分析,目的是使机翼的气动形状适合于提高升阻比,从而最小化阻力系数。
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引用次数: 0
Unconstrained Quadratic Programming Problem with Uncertain Parameters 参数不确定的无约束二次规划问题
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.34257/gjreivol21is1pg1
S. Kek, Fong Peng Lim, Harley Ooi
In this paper, an unconstrained quadratic programming problem with uncertain parameters is discussed. For this purpose, the basic idea of optimizing the unconstrained quadratic programming problem is introduced. The solution method of solving linear equations could be applied to obtain the optimal solution for this kind of problem. Later, the theoretical work on the optimization of the unconstrained quadratic programming problem is presented. By this, the model parameters, which are unknown values, are considered. In this uncertain situation, it is assumed that these parameters are normally distributed; then, the simulation on these uncertain parameters are performed, so the quadratic programming problem without constraints could be solved iteratively by using the gradient-based optimization approach. For illustration, an example of this problem is studied. The computation procedure is expressed, and the result obtained shows the optimal solution in the uncertain environment. In conclusion, the unconstrained quadratic programming problem, which has uncertain parameters, could be solved successfully.
讨论了一类参数不确定的无约束二次规划问题。为此,引入了优化无约束二次规划问题的基本思想。求解线性方程组的方法可用于求解这类问题的最优解。随后,对无约束二次规划问题的优化问题进行了理论研究。这样就考虑了模型参数为未知值。在这种不确定情况下,假设这些参数是正态分布的;然后,对这些不确定参数进行仿真,利用基于梯度的优化方法迭代求解无约束的二次规划问题。为了说明这一问题,本文研究了一个实例。给出了计算过程,所得结果为不确定环境下的最优解。结果表明,具有不确定参数的无约束二次规划问题可以成功求解。
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引用次数: 0
Modification and the Performance Enhancement of Solar Biomass Dryer 太阳能生物质干燥机的改造与性能提升
Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.34257/GJREAVOL21IS2PG31
T. Ahmed, T. Zaman
Drying is an important agricultural process, particularly for crops, and shriveled products are used all over the world. The performance of drying green chili was also tested in this article, which created an alternate way of drying agricultural products. The goal of this study is to provide a solar biomass hybrid dryer with improved design, construction, and performance testing. During most hours of the trial, the temperature within the solar collector and dryer was sufficiently higher than the ambient temperature, according to the results obtained during the test period. The temperature of the ambient air at the collector intake ranged from 30 to 35 degrees Celsius. The temperature of the air at the collector's outlet ranged from 54 to 64 degrees Celsius, while the temperature of the drying chamber ranged from 51 to 60 degrees Celsius, making it suitable for drying green chili and a variety of other agricultural products. The collector was found to be 46.54 percent efficient. The findings revealed that the alteration of the collector, which produces turbulent air flow and improves chamber wall insulation, affects drying. Based on the results of this study, the created solar biomass hybrid drier is cost-effective for small-scale crop growers in rural areas of developing countries.
干燥是一个重要的农业过程,特别是对农作物来说,干燥产品在世界各地都被使用。本文还对青椒的干燥性能进行了测试,为农产品的干燥开辟了一条新的途径。本研究的目的是提供一种具有改进设计、结构和性能测试的太阳能生物质混合干燥机。根据测试期间获得的结果,在试验的大部分时间内,太阳能集热器和干燥器内的温度远远高于环境温度。集热器进气处的环境空气温度为30 ~ 35摄氏度。集热器出口空气温度为54 ~ 64℃,干燥室温度为51 ~ 60℃,适合干燥青椒等多种农产品。该收集器的效率为46.54%。研究结果表明,集热器的改变会产生湍流气流,提高室壁的保温性,从而影响干燥。根据本研究的结果,所创造的太阳能生物质混合干燥器对发展中国家农村地区的小规模作物种植者具有成本效益。
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引用次数: 0
Why Conventional Engineering Laws should be Abandoned, and the New Laws that will Replace them 为什么传统的工程法律应该被抛弃,而新的法律将取而代之
Pub Date : 2021-05-30 DOI: 10.34257/GJREAVOL21IS1PG33
E. Adiutori
There are three reasons why laws such as q = hΔT and σ = Eε, and parameters such as h and E, should be abandoned. 1. The laws are analogs of y = (y/x)x and, if y is a nonlinear function of x, analogs of (y/x) (such as h and E) are extraneous variables that greatly complicate problem solutions. 2. Parameters such as h and E were created by assigning dimensions to numbers, in violation of the modern view that dimensions must not be assigned to numbers. 3. The laws purport to describe how the numerical value and dimension of parameters are related when, in fact, equations can rationally describe only how the numerical values of parameters are related. When conventional engineering laws are abandoned, they will be replaced by new laws described by the following: 1. They are dimensionless because parameter symbols in equations represent only numerical value. 2. They are analogs of y = f{x}. 3. They contain no analogs of y/x, and consequently they contain no extraneous variables. 4. They make it possible to abandon analogs of y/x (such as modulus and heat transfer coefficient), greatly simplifying the solution of nonlinear problems by reducing the number of variables. 5. They have no parameters that were created by assigning dimensions to numbers. 6. They are inherently dimensionally homogeneous because parameter symbols in equations represent only numerical value. 7. They state that the numerical value of parameter y is always a function of the numerical value of parameter x, and the function may be proportional, linear, or nonlinear.
放弃q = hΔT和σ = ε等定律以及h和E等参数有三个原因。1. 这些定律类似于y = (y/x)x,如果y是x的非线性函数,类似于(y/x)(如h和E)的是使问题解决变得非常复杂的无关变量。2. 像h和E这样的参数是通过将维度分配给数字来创建的,这违反了不能将维度分配给数字的现代观点。3.这些定律旨在描述参数的数值和维度之间的关系,而实际上,方程只能合理地描述参数的数值之间的关系。当传统的工程规律被抛弃时,它们将被新的规律所取代,描述如下:它们是无量纲的,因为方程中的参数符号只表示数值。2. 它们类似于y = f{x}。3.它们不包含y/x的类似物,因此它们不包含外部变量。4. 它们使得放弃y/x的类似物(如模量和传热系数)成为可能,通过减少变量的数量,极大地简化了非线性问题的解决。5. 它们没有通过为数字分配维度而创建的参数。6. 它们本质上是齐次的,因为方程中的参数符号只表示数值。7. 他们说参数y的数值总是参数x数值的函数,函数可以是比例的、线性的或非线性的。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling and Wind Flow Analysis of an Eiffel (Open) Type Sub-Sonic Wind Tunnel 艾菲尔(开放式)型亚声速风洞建模及风流分析
Pub Date : 2021-05-30 DOI: 10.34257/GJREAVOL21IS1PG41
Zelieus Namirian, Shubham Mathure, B. Thorat, Surekha Khetree
Wind tunnel (WT) is a device that artificially produces airflow relative to a stationary body and measures aerodynamic force and pressure distribution, simulating the actual conditions with an important aspect of accurately feigning¬ the full complexity of fluid flow. The aim of the present study is to design the three dimensional geometry of a small, open-circuit (also known as Eiffel Type), and subsonic (low speed) wind tunnel (WT) capable of demonstrating or acting as a vital tool in aero-mechanics research. The project and fabrication itself, poses as an onerous task with the cynosure/central theme being the delineation/depiction of wind tunnel components such as Test Section, contraction cone, diffuser, drive system and settling chamber.
风洞(WT)是一种人工产生相对于静止物体的气流并测量空气动力和压力分布的装置,模拟实际条件,具有准确模拟流体流动的全部复杂性的重要方面。本研究的目的是设计一个小型、开路(也称为艾菲尔型)和亚音速(低速)风洞(WT)的三维几何形状,该风洞能够展示或作为空气力学研究的重要工具。该项目和制造本身是一项繁重的任务,其核心主题是风洞组件的描绘/描述,如试验段、收缩锥、扩散器、驱动系统和沉降室。
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引用次数: 0
Case Studies and Applications of DAETE Model to Continuing Engineering Education 案例研究及DAETE模型在继续工程教育中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.34257/GJREJVOL21IS3PG7
A. Soeiro
The need to choose appropriate methods to ensure quality of continuing engineering education has been an issue of research and of practice for years. Several initiatives were undertaken in the last decades to define the methods of proper assurance of provision and delivery of continuing engineering education. The quality models for education and training have a large variety of approaches that have been applied to all different levels from primary schools to adult learning. Methods employed had no significant success with continuing engineering education due to the particular nature of the training. A proposal for a project was elaborated between universities in Europe and in the USA to develop accreditation procedures to ensure quality of continuing engineering education (CEE) centres. The project (DAETE)applied an adaptation of the EFQM (European Foundation Quality Management) descriptors to the specific contexts of CEE centres. The DAETE model had also been applied in other contexts like accreditation and classification of CEE centers and for training managers of CEE centers staff. The paper also describes these applications of the model in different contexts with emphasis on useful conclusions. Recommendations for the adoption of the EFQM model to organizations involved in education and training are made with the consequent adaptations.
选择合适的方法来保证继续工程教育的质量是一个多年来研究和实践的问题。在过去的几十年里,采取了一些措施来确定适当保证提供和交付继续工程教育的方法。教育和培训的质量模式有各种各样的方法,已应用于从小学到成人学习的所有不同层次。由于培训的特殊性质,所采用的方法在继续工程教育中没有显著的成功。欧洲和美国的大学拟定了一个项目提案,以制定认证程序,确保继续工程教育中心的质量。该项目(DAETE)将EFQM(欧洲基金会质量管理)描述符应用于中东欧中心的具体情况。DAETE模式也应用于其他方面,例如对CEE中心的认证和分类,以及培训CEE中心工作人员的管理人员。本文还描述了该模型在不同背景下的应用,并强调了有用的结论。向涉及教育和培训的组织提出了采用EFQM模型的建议,并进行了相应的调整。
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引用次数: 0
A Crowd Monitoring Methodology based on the Analysis of the Electromagnetic Spectrum 基于电磁波谱分析的人群监测方法
Pub Date : 2021-04-10 DOI: 10.34257/GJREFVOL21IS1PG39
M. Donelli, G. Espa
In this work, a system able to monitor the crowd density detecting mobile phone communications through the analysis of the electromagnetic spectrum is proposed and experimentally assessed. The variations of the electromagnetic spectrum are collected with a low-cost spectrum analyzer, and a high gain log-periodic directive antenna (LPDA). The objective is to relate the spectral power density in a given frequency band to estimate the connections present and the number of people in a given area. In particular, a linear regression estimator, whose parameters have been calculated with the least square method modeled considering experimental data in a controlled environment, permits us to infer the number of customers detected on a given frequency band. The obtained experimental results demonstrated the efficacy of the method, which can be used not only to monitoring the number of people in a given scenario, but it also be used for commercial activities to detect the presence and pervasiveness of different mobile phone companies.
本文提出了一种通过电磁频谱分析来监测手机通信人群密度的系统,并进行了实验评估。利用低成本频谱分析仪和高增益对数周期指令天线(LPDA)采集了电磁波谱的变化。目的是将给定频带内的频谱功率密度联系起来,以估计存在的连接和给定区域内的人数。特别是,线性回归估计器的参数是用最小二乘法计算的,该方法考虑了受控环境中的实验数据,使我们能够推断在给定频段上检测到的客户数量。所获得的实验结果证明了该方法的有效性,该方法不仅可以用于监测给定场景中的人数,还可以用于商业活动,以检测不同移动电话公司的存在和普及程度。
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引用次数: 2
Validation of Unit 1 of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant during its Accident 福岛第一核电站1号机组在事故期间的验证
Pub Date : 2021-04-10 DOI: 10.34257/GJREFVOL21IS1PG1
S. Maruyama
Ten years have passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) that occurred on March 11, 2011. The earthquake and tsunami caused significant loss of lives and widespread disaster in Japan. Several reports have been published on the nuclear accident; however, the original data released at the beginning of the accident were written in Japanese, and some of these documents are no longer accessible. Some of the scenarios pertaining to the accident have become standardized theories, and these scenarios may be passed down to future generations with different descriptions, which may not fully describe the actual occurrences. To prevent future nuclear accidents, the accident at Fukushima Daiichi must be properly understood and analyzed.
自2011年3月11日发生的东日本大地震和随后发生的福岛第一核电站(NPP)事故以来,已经过去了十年。地震和海啸给日本造成了巨大的生命损失和广泛的灾难。关于这次核事故已经发表了几份报告;然而,事故开始时公布的原始数据是用日文写的,其中一些文件已经无法访问。与事故有关的一些情景已经成为标准化的理论,这些情景可能会以不同的描述传递给后代,这些描述可能无法完全描述实际发生的情况。为了防止未来发生核事故,必须正确理解和分析福岛第一核电站的事故。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering
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