Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.34257/gjreevol21is2pg1
A. Campos, P. Assis
Metallurgical coke is a common material used for hot metal production in blast furnaces. In addition to the fuel function, it has a physical assignment, supporting the load inside the reactor, and chemical, supplying carbon to hot metal. However, due to growing discourse on environmental issues, the production of hot metal via coke blast furnace has been in evidence. This process is responsible for about 70% of CO2 emissions in steelmaking. On the other hand, biomasses are materials that are available in different ways in nature and considered neutral in CO2 emissions since they absorb this gas and release oxygen in the photosynthesis process. Thus, a viable alternative in the short term is the partial replacement of the coal used in coke production with biomass, which would generate environmental gains, and guarantee the sustainable production. Therefore, this work aims to show several published researches using biomass in coke production. The effects that biomass has on the properties of coke will be emphasized, and at the end, an environmental analysis will be shown with the possible use of biomass. It will be possible to see that it is possible to substitute between 2 and 10% of the coal for biomass, producing coke with the characteristics required in the blast furnace.
{"title":"Analysis of the Influence of Biomass Addition in Coal Mixture for Metallurgical Coke Production","authors":"A. Campos, P. Assis","doi":"10.34257/gjreevol21is2pg1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjreevol21is2pg1","url":null,"abstract":"Metallurgical coke is a common material used for hot metal production in blast furnaces. In addition to the fuel function, it has a physical assignment, supporting the load inside the reactor, and chemical, supplying carbon to hot metal. However, due to growing discourse on environmental issues, the production of hot metal via coke blast furnace has been in evidence. This process is responsible for about 70% of CO2 emissions in steelmaking. On the other hand, biomasses are materials that are available in different ways in nature and considered neutral in CO2 emissions since they absorb this gas and release oxygen in the photosynthesis process. Thus, a viable alternative in the short term is the partial replacement of the coal used in coke production with biomass, which would generate environmental gains, and guarantee the sustainable production. Therefore, this work aims to show several published researches using biomass in coke production. The effects that biomass has on the properties of coke will be emphasized, and at the end, an environmental analysis will be shown with the possible use of biomass. It will be possible to see that it is possible to substitute between 2 and 10% of the coal for biomass, producing coke with the characteristics required in the blast furnace.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"42 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116351205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.34257/gjrefvol21is2pg1
T. Yeap
A trainable analog restricted Hopfield Network is presented in this paper. It consists of two layers of nodes, visible and hidden nodes, connected by weighted directional paths forming a bipartite graph with no intralayer connection. An energy or Lyapunov function was derived to show that the proposed network will converge to stable states. The proposed network can be trained using either the modified SPSA or BPTT algorithms to ensure that all the weights are symmetric. Simulation results show that the presence of hidden nodes increases the network’s memory capacity. Using EXOR as an example, the network can be trained to be a dynamic classifier. Using A, U, T, S as training characters, the network was trained to be an associative memory. Simulation results show that the network can perform perfect re-creation of noisy images. Its recreation performance has higher noise tolerance than the standard Hopfield Network and the Restricted Boltzmann Machine. Simulation results also illustrate the importance of feedback iteration in implementing associative memory to re-create from noisy images.
{"title":"Implementation of an Associative Memory using a Restricted Hopfield Network","authors":"T. Yeap","doi":"10.34257/gjrefvol21is2pg1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjrefvol21is2pg1","url":null,"abstract":"A trainable analog restricted Hopfield Network is presented in this paper. It consists of two layers of nodes, visible and hidden nodes, connected by weighted directional paths forming a bipartite graph with no intralayer connection. An energy or Lyapunov function was derived to show that the proposed network will converge to stable states. The proposed network can be trained using either the modified SPSA or BPTT algorithms to ensure that all the weights are symmetric. Simulation results show that the presence of hidden nodes increases the network’s memory capacity. Using EXOR as an example, the network can be trained to be a dynamic classifier. Using A, U, T, S as training characters, the network was trained to be an associative memory. Simulation results show that the network can perform perfect re-creation of noisy images. Its recreation performance has higher noise tolerance than the standard Hopfield Network and the Restricted Boltzmann Machine. Simulation results also illustrate the importance of feedback iteration in implementing associative memory to re-create from noisy images.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125211027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.34257/gjreavol21is1pg1
Ji-Chao Li, Ji-Qiang Li
By investigation of movement of the Assur groups in normal connecting condition, and by inspection of the kinematic pair concept, the conclusions were found that “The freedom of Assur group is zero” in the Planar Mechanism Composition Principle conflicts with the fact that Assur group can move, and the external kinematic pairs of Assur group are inconsistent with the kinematic pair concept. Proposals were put forward then that the motion characteristics of Assur group should be studied in normal connecting conditions, Grade I Linkage Group should be introduced, and the PPP Type Linkage Group existence as an example was provided. Some new views were put forward in discussion of Planar Mechanism Composition Principle. And then an example of mechanism analysis was given to show that the correct statement of the Mechanism Composition Principle is helpful to solve mechanism analysis problems.
{"title":"Improvement on Planar Mechanism Composition Principle","authors":"Ji-Chao Li, Ji-Qiang Li","doi":"10.34257/gjreavol21is1pg1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjreavol21is1pg1","url":null,"abstract":"By investigation of movement of the Assur groups in normal connecting condition, and by inspection of the kinematic pair concept, the conclusions were found that “The freedom of Assur group is zero” in the Planar Mechanism Composition Principle conflicts with the fact that Assur group can move, and the external kinematic pairs of Assur group are inconsistent with the kinematic pair concept. Proposals were put forward then that the motion characteristics of Assur group should be studied in normal connecting conditions, Grade I Linkage Group should be introduced, and the PPP Type Linkage Group existence as an example was provided. Some new views were put forward in discussion of Planar Mechanism Composition Principle. And then an example of mechanism analysis was given to show that the correct statement of the Mechanism Composition Principle is helpful to solve mechanism analysis problems.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131378265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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