Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.34257/GJREDVOL21IS1PG1
P. Llanos, K. Andrijauskaite, S. Gangadharan
Purpose: Exposure to space radiation may place astronauts at significant health risks. This is an under-investigated area of research and therefore more knowledge is needed to better plan long-term space missions. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of radiation on murine naïve and activated T lymphocytes (T cells) and to test the effectiveness of thermal, radiation and flight tracking technology in biological scientific payloads. We cultured cells in specific cytokines known to increase their viability and exposed them to either flight or had them as ground controls. Flight cells were kept under proper environmental conditions by using an active thermal system, whereas the levels of radiation were measured by NASA’s Timepix radiation sensor during ascent, cruise at 60,000 feet, and descent. In addition, an Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) device was utilized to track the state vector of the aircraft during flight.
{"title":"High Altitude Science Experiments aboard NASA’s WB-57 Airborne Research Platform","authors":"P. Llanos, K. Andrijauskaite, S. Gangadharan","doi":"10.34257/GJREDVOL21IS1PG1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/GJREDVOL21IS1PG1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Exposure to space radiation may place astronauts at significant health risks. This is an under-investigated area of research and therefore more knowledge is needed to better plan long-term space missions. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of radiation on murine naïve and activated T lymphocytes (T cells) and to test the effectiveness of thermal, radiation and flight tracking technology in biological scientific payloads. We cultured cells in specific cytokines known to increase their viability and exposed them to either flight or had them as ground controls. Flight cells were kept under proper environmental conditions by using an active thermal system, whereas the levels of radiation were measured by NASA’s Timepix radiation sensor during ascent, cruise at 60,000 feet, and descent. In addition, an Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) device was utilized to track the state vector of the aircraft during flight.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130434859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.34257/GJREAVOL20IS3PG21
E. Jaguaribe, A. S. Rumão, Fernanda de Souza Silva, Vicente de Vasconcelos Claudino Filho, W. Galdino, Francisco Everton Tavares de Luna
Biomass can be considered one of the most important sources of energy in the world, because it is: renewable; neutral in terms of green-house gases emissions; capable of replacing conventional fossil fuels, among other factors. On the other hand, gasification is an efficient process of turning available the chemical energy of biomass, with a relatively simple technology. In the present work a co-current open top downdraft gasifier is used, with an 8.5 kW thermal power capacity to fuel an 18 Hp Otto cycle engine coupled to an electric generator. With this apparatus, it was possible to analyze the influence of some properties of the fuel wood particles (size, density, moisture content and so on) on the efficiency of the energy conversion process.
{"title":"Effects of Biomass Properties on the Performance of a Gasifier/Genset System","authors":"E. Jaguaribe, A. S. Rumão, Fernanda de Souza Silva, Vicente de Vasconcelos Claudino Filho, W. Galdino, Francisco Everton Tavares de Luna","doi":"10.34257/GJREAVOL20IS3PG21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/GJREAVOL20IS3PG21","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass can be considered one of the most important sources of energy in the world, because it is: renewable; neutral in terms of green-house gases emissions; capable of replacing conventional fossil fuels, among other factors. On the other hand, gasification is an efficient process of turning available the chemical energy of biomass, with a relatively simple technology. In the present work a co-current open top downdraft gasifier is used, with an 8.5 kW thermal power capacity to fuel an 18 Hp Otto cycle engine coupled to an electric generator. With this apparatus, it was possible to analyze the influence of some properties of the fuel wood particles (size, density, moisture content and so on) on the efficiency of the energy conversion process.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122770664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kawai, Katsuhiro Ichiyanagi, Takuo Koyasu, Kazuto Yukita, Yasuyuki Goto
This paper describes an application of neural networks for forecasting the flow rate upper district of dams for hydropower plants. The forecasting of recession characteristics of the river flow after rainfalls is important with respect to system operation and dam management. We present a method for improving the precision of forecasting flow rate upper district of dams by utilizing steady-state estimation and recession time constant of the river flow. A case study was carried out on the upper district of the Yahagi River in Central Japan. It is found from our investigations that the forecasting accuracy is improved to 18.6% from 25.8% with a forecasted error of the total amount of river flow by using steady-state estimation.
{"title":"Improvement of Forecasting Method of Recession Characteristics of River Flow Rate into a Dam by using Estimation of Steady State","authors":"T. Kawai, Katsuhiro Ichiyanagi, Takuo Koyasu, Kazuto Yukita, Yasuyuki Goto","doi":"10.2208/JSCEJHE.73.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/JSCEJHE.73.12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an application of neural networks for forecasting the flow rate upper district of dams for hydropower plants. The forecasting of recession characteristics of the river flow after rainfalls is important with respect to system operation and dam management. We present a method for improving the precision of forecasting flow rate upper district of dams by utilizing steady-state estimation and recession time constant of the river flow. A case study was carried out on the upper district of the Yahagi River in Central Japan. It is found from our investigations that the forecasting accuracy is improved to 18.6% from 25.8% with a forecasted error of the total amount of river flow by using steady-state estimation.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125477799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-14DOI: 10.34257/gjrejvol20is5pg1
P. Manda, D. Nkazi
Hybrid models have frequently been used for shale gas production decline prediction by manipulating the unique strength of each of the known decline models. The use of a combination of models provides a more precise predicting model for forecasting time series data as compared to an individual model. In this study, the forecasting performance of decline curve hybrid models and ANN-ARIMA hybrid models are evaluated and compared with Arps’, Duong’s, the Power Law Exponential Decline, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neutral Network (ANN) models, respectively. The variable used to assess the models was the respective flow rate, q(t) monitored over a period of time (T). The results have shown that the single model approach can outperform hybrid models. The average deviation of the two best models indicates a central tendency of the production data around the mean. Subsequently, the spread in the data between the actual and predicted values is found to be less. It can thus be concluded that the ARIMA and ANN models have the best forecasting accuracy for production decline in shale gas compared to the other models.
{"title":"Production Decline Prediction of Shale Gas using Hybrid Models","authors":"P. Manda, D. Nkazi","doi":"10.34257/gjrejvol20is5pg1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjrejvol20is5pg1","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid models have frequently been used for shale gas production decline prediction by manipulating the unique strength of each of the known decline models. The use of a combination of models provides a more precise predicting model for forecasting time series data as compared to an individual model. In this study, the forecasting performance of decline curve hybrid models and ANN-ARIMA hybrid models are evaluated and compared with Arps’, Duong’s, the Power Law Exponential Decline, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neutral Network (ANN) models, respectively. The variable used to assess the models was the respective flow rate, q(t) monitored over a period of time (T). The results have shown that the single model approach can outperform hybrid models. The average deviation of the two best models indicates a central tendency of the production data around the mean. Subsequently, the spread in the data between the actual and predicted values is found to be less. It can thus be concluded that the ARIMA and ANN models have the best forecasting accuracy for production decline in shale gas compared to the other models.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115415986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-14DOI: 10.34257/gjrejvol20is5pg27
L. G. Barbosa, Cassiano Rodrigo Dalberto, Edson Luiz Francesquetti
Polypropylene is one of the most used materials in the world because of its easy processability and good mechanical properties under different applications. As a result, a lot of polypropylene waste is being generated and recycling is important. The problem with recycling polypropylene is the changing in the properties when compared to virgin polypropylene. Processability parameters and mechanical properties of traction and impact can be changed after recycling this material, affecting companies in the polymer transformation sector. Thus, this work aims to obtain an empirical equation for the correction of the melt flow index of virgin and recycled polypropylene mixtures and also conducts a study on the mechanical properties of the mixtures comparing them with those of virgin polypropylene. The empirical equation found shows a linear relationship between the melt flow index of the mixture and the percentage amount of virgin polypropylene. From the mechanical properties, it was observed that the stiffness of the mixtures is similar to that of virgin polypropylene, however the energy absorbed under impact is considerably lower, compromising the use of recycled polypropylene for such application.
{"title":"Obtaining an Empirical Equation for Correcting the Melt Flow Index of Virgin and Recycled Polypropylene Mixtures and Analysis of Mechanical Properties of the Blends","authors":"L. G. Barbosa, Cassiano Rodrigo Dalberto, Edson Luiz Francesquetti","doi":"10.34257/gjrejvol20is5pg27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjrejvol20is5pg27","url":null,"abstract":"Polypropylene is one of the most used materials in the world because of its easy processability and good mechanical properties under different applications. As a result, a lot of polypropylene waste is being generated and recycling is important. The problem with recycling polypropylene is the changing in the properties when compared to virgin polypropylene. Processability parameters and mechanical properties of traction and impact can be changed after recycling this material, affecting companies in the polymer transformation sector. Thus, this work aims to obtain an empirical equation for the correction of the melt flow index of virgin and recycled polypropylene mixtures and also conducts a study on the mechanical properties of the mixtures comparing them with those of virgin polypropylene. The empirical equation found shows a linear relationship between the melt flow index of the mixture and the percentage amount of virgin polypropylene. From the mechanical properties, it was observed that the stiffness of the mixtures is similar to that of virgin polypropylene, however the energy absorbed under impact is considerably lower, compromising the use of recycled polypropylene for such application.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126773795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The numerical solutions for the coexisting fields of surface and internal solitary waves have been obtained, where the set of nonlinear equations based on the variational principle for steady waves are solved using the Newton- Raphson method. The relative phase velocity of surface-mode solitary waves is smaller in the coexisting fields of surface and internal solitary waves than in the cases without the coexistence of internal waves. The relative phase velocity of internal-mode solitary waves is also smaller in the coexisting fields of surface and internal solitary waves than in the cases without surface waves. The interfacial position of an internal mode internal solitary wave in a coexisting field of surface and internal waves can exceed the critical level determined in the corresponding case without a surface wave. The wave height ratio between internal-mode surface and internal solitary waves is smaller than the corresponding linear shallow water wave solution, and the difference increases, as the relative wave height of internal-mode internal solitary waves is increased.
{"title":"A Numerical Solution for the Coexisting Field of Surface and Internal Solitary Waves","authors":"K. Yamashita, T. Kakinuma, K. Nakayama","doi":"10.2208/KAIGAN.72.I_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2208/KAIGAN.72.I_13","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical solutions for the coexisting fields of surface and internal solitary waves have been obtained, where the set of nonlinear equations based on the variational principle for steady waves are solved using the Newton- Raphson method. The relative phase velocity of surface-mode solitary waves is smaller in the coexisting fields of surface and internal solitary waves than in the cases without the coexistence of internal waves. The relative phase velocity of internal-mode solitary waves is also smaller in the coexisting fields of surface and internal solitary waves than in the cases without surface waves. The interfacial position of an internal mode internal solitary wave in a coexisting field of surface and internal waves can exceed the critical level determined in the corresponding case without a surface wave. The wave height ratio between internal-mode surface and internal solitary waves is smaller than the corresponding linear shallow water wave solution, and the difference increases, as the relative wave height of internal-mode internal solitary waves is increased.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125778609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-25DOI: 10.34257/GJREEVOL20IS3PG19
Bounthipphasert Soumphonphakdy, Shozo Nakamura, T. Okumatsu, T. Nishikawa
One of the most important sectors in infrastructure development in Laos is road construction. However, many road construction projects in Laos suffer from extensive delays. This causes damage such as recurring problems in the road construction industry, and has a negative effect on the success of road construction projects in terms of schedule, cost, quality, safety and the amenity of road users. The goal of this study is to determine the main causes of these delays and to offer remedies. To identify the causes of delays, a questionnaire is designed by modifying one used to measure causes of delays in road construction projects in the West Bank in Palestine and in consultation with engineering experts with more than 10 years of experience in Laos road construction projects. A total of 53 causes of delay are identified as important in Laos. Questionnaire respondents included 35 contractors, 31 owners and 24 consultants in total. The survey results indicate that the five top factors causing road construction delays are: Contractor cash flow; Delayed payment by owner; Difficulties in financing project by contractor; Financial issues related to owner; and Insufficient equipment and vehicles for the work.
{"title":"Causes of Delays in Road Construction Projects in Laos","authors":"Bounthipphasert Soumphonphakdy, Shozo Nakamura, T. Okumatsu, T. Nishikawa","doi":"10.34257/GJREEVOL20IS3PG19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/GJREEVOL20IS3PG19","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important sectors in infrastructure development in Laos is road construction. However, many road construction projects in Laos suffer from extensive delays. This causes damage such as recurring problems in the road construction industry, and has a negative effect on the success of road construction projects in terms of schedule, cost, quality, safety and the amenity of road users. The goal of this study is to determine the main causes of these delays and to offer remedies. To identify the causes of delays, a questionnaire is designed by modifying one used to measure causes of delays in road construction projects in the West Bank in Palestine and in consultation with engineering experts with more than 10 years of experience in Laos road construction projects. A total of 53 causes of delay are identified as important in Laos. Questionnaire respondents included 35 contractors, 31 owners and 24 consultants in total. The survey results indicate that the five top factors causing road construction delays are: Contractor cash flow; Delayed payment by owner; Difficulties in financing project by contractor; Financial issues related to owner; and Insufficient equipment and vehicles for the work.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134100282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-28DOI: 10.34257/gjrefvol20is3pg5
G. Rider
Research into the damage sustained by the reticles (photomasks) used to print semiconductor devices is summarized. It is explained why ESD prevention alone does not necessarily provide adequate protection for such highly electrostatic-sensitive objects. The standard approach to ESD prevention used in the semiconductor industry is shown to increase the risk of other damage mechanisms than ESD to which reticles are far more sensitive. Insights gained from this research are then applied to the methods being used to protect sensitive electronic, optoelectronic and micro- electro-mechanical devices during their manufacture and handling. Similar weaknesses to those identified in the widely-established approach to reticle handling are found. Equipotential bonding is shown to expose field-sensitive devices to a heightened risk of damage and to reduce the effectiveness of essential static-reduction technology.
{"title":"Why SEMI Standard E163 should be followed for the Protection of Extremely Electrostatic-Sensitive Semiconductors and Similar Devices during Manufacturing, Packaging and Handling","authors":"G. Rider","doi":"10.34257/gjrefvol20is3pg5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjrefvol20is3pg5","url":null,"abstract":"Research into the damage sustained by the reticles (photomasks) used to print semiconductor devices is summarized. It is explained why ESD prevention alone does not necessarily provide adequate protection for such highly electrostatic-sensitive objects. The standard approach to ESD prevention used in the semiconductor industry is shown to increase the risk of other damage mechanisms than ESD to which reticles are far more sensitive. Insights gained from this research are then applied to the methods being used to protect sensitive electronic, optoelectronic and micro- electro-mechanical devices during their manufacture and handling. Similar weaknesses to those identified in the widely-established approach to reticle handling are found. Equipotential bonding is shown to expose field-sensitive devices to a heightened risk of damage and to reduce the effectiveness of essential static-reduction technology.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"63 15-18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120926981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.34257/gjreevol20is2pg1
Keizo Kanzaki
The quitting a job of the expert worker and the lack of the technical transmission to the young worker with low birthrate, and the deterioration of the infrastructure institution which will increase rapidly in future will be the problem that must put up measures immediately in the construction business. CIM and i-Construction proposed by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism enforce the improvement of the productivity of the construction site and the maintenance and check for the life cycle of the structure using three-dimensional model in order to solve such a problem, and they may be said that it is the big change of the construction production system. In this report, I survey three examples of the tool which I can utilize three-dimensional model for plan, measuring, construction, and maintenance based on a policy of CIM and i-Construction, explain an effective making method of the three-dimensional model suitable for a construction scale and contents and examine the effective utilization method and introduction effect in the construction production system.
{"title":"Utilization of the Three-Dimensional Model to a Construction Production System","authors":"Keizo Kanzaki","doi":"10.34257/gjreevol20is2pg1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjreevol20is2pg1","url":null,"abstract":"The quitting a job of the expert worker and the lack of the technical transmission to the young worker with low birthrate, and the deterioration of the infrastructure institution which will increase rapidly in future will be the problem that must put up measures immediately in the construction business. CIM and i-Construction proposed by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism enforce the improvement of the productivity of the construction site and the maintenance and check for the life cycle of the structure using three-dimensional model in order to solve such a problem, and they may be said that it is the big change of the construction production system. In this report, I survey three examples of the tool which I can utilize three-dimensional model for plan, measuring, construction, and maintenance based on a policy of CIM and i-Construction, explain an effective making method of the three-dimensional model suitable for a construction scale and contents and examine the effective utilization method and introduction effect in the construction production system.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131796883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.34257/gjreevol20is2pg11
Hariharan Naganathan, Aaron D. Sauer, Oswald Chong, Jonghoon Kim
Transportation sustainability is centered on being the linchpin to cultivate innovations and enhance safer environmental standards. The public and private agencies adopt sustainable practices integrating their policies in order to elevate sustainability performances. There is an advent need of developing a tool for quantifying the transportation policies and practices. This paper explains (1) the fundamental practices adopted by different transportation agencies; (2) the impacts of three pillars on developing the sustainable indicators; (3) the selection of indicators and their grouping; and (4) the statistical relationship between indicators with the real-time variables population and GDP. This performance benchmark aims to quantify the sustainability practices of the state and its transportation agencies by assessing their environmental, social, and economic practices. The paper examines the relationship between the selected sustainable indicators and establishes the framework for the sustainability of transportation. This framework is a starting point for adding more relevant indicators to measure the sustainability of transportation when data become available.
{"title":"Qualitative Analysis of Sustainable Indicators: An Approach to Correlate Sustainable Indicators with Transportation Practices","authors":"Hariharan Naganathan, Aaron D. Sauer, Oswald Chong, Jonghoon Kim","doi":"10.34257/gjreevol20is2pg11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjreevol20is2pg11","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation sustainability is centered on being the linchpin to cultivate innovations and enhance safer environmental standards. The public and private agencies adopt sustainable practices integrating their policies in order to elevate sustainability performances. There is an advent need of developing a tool for quantifying the transportation policies and practices. This paper explains (1) the fundamental practices adopted by different transportation agencies; (2) the impacts of three pillars on developing the sustainable indicators; (3) the selection of indicators and their grouping; and (4) the statistical relationship between indicators with the real-time variables population and GDP. This performance benchmark aims to quantify the sustainability practices of the state and its transportation agencies by assessing their environmental, social, and economic practices. The paper examines the relationship between the selected sustainable indicators and establishes the framework for the sustainability of transportation. This framework is a starting point for adding more relevant indicators to measure the sustainability of transportation when data become available.","PeriodicalId":342934,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Researches in Engineering","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124292595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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