Journal of Advanced Joining Processes最新文献_第5页

Analyzing the utilization of high-voltage electric fields for laser material processing 分析高压电场在激光材料加工中的应用

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100341

Christian Frey , Mikail Kacar , Arda Hiz , Robert Gerlach , Willem Leterme , Simon Olschok

Laser material processing has become an essential technique in industrial manufacturing in form of welding, drilling, cutting and structuring. However, process emissions such as the metal vapor plume pose a challenge, as they can impair the efficiency and precision of the laser process through reflection, absorption, and scattering. Conventional methods attempt to reduce the influence of the metal vapor plume by using shielding gases to remove the particles from the laser beam path. A novel alternative is the use of electric fields for targeted manipulation of the metal vapor to control the extinction effects. High voltage capacitors can precisely control the electric field which offers greater adaptability to a dynamic laser process. The following study investigates the utilization of high voltage capacitor configurations for generating electric fields to actively deflect metal vapor from the laser beam path during laser welding. The distribution of the electric field is analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) for the considered capacitor geometries. The weld seam geometry shows a distinct geometry depending on the selected capacitor arrangement, and the weld penetration depth decreases with the use of the electric field. The measurable trend remains preliminary, since it is assumed that the welding fume is held over the welding position by the electric field, which influences the result.

激光材料加工已成为工业制造中的一项重要技术，其形式包括焊接、钻孔、切割和加工。然而，像金属蒸气羽流这样的过程发射带来了挑战，因为它们会通过反射、吸收和散射损害激光过程的效率和精度。传统的方法试图通过使用保护气体从激光束路径中去除粒子来减少金属蒸汽羽流的影响。一种新颖的替代方法是利用电场对金属蒸气进行有针对性的操纵，以控制消光效应。高压电容器可以精确地控制电场，对动态激光过程具有更大的适应性。下面的研究探讨了在激光焊接过程中，利用高压电容器结构产生电场来主动偏转激光束路径上的金属蒸气。采用有限元法对所考虑的电容器几何形状进行了电场分布分析。焊缝几何形状随电容器布置的不同呈现出不同的几何形状，焊缝穿透深度随电场的使用而减小。可测量的趋势仍然是初步的，因为假设焊接烟雾被电场保持在焊接位置，这影响了结果。

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引用次数: 0

Measurement of residual stress due to deformation caused by slight hydroforming deformation process in double-walled pipes through external pressure 测量外压作用下双壁管中微液压成形变形过程中产生的残余应力

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100338

Reza Mansourian, Masoud Mahmoodi

In this study, the measurement of residual stress due to deformation caused by slight hydroforming deformation process in double-walled pipes through external pressure was studied. Residual stresses were measured by nanoindentation of ST52 steel/GGG70 iron double-walled pipes. The results showed that the highest compressive residual stress was created on the inner surface of the GGG70 with effective parameters of pressure of 146 tons, the temperature of 73 °C, and percentage of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles powder in fluid of 5.6 %. Repeated nanoindentation measurements on the reference (stress-free) sample showed a variation of approximately 10 %, indicating acceptable repeatability of the method. The stresses are almost uniform and the same along the length of the part, and only very slight changes are observed in the part's initial part. The stress in the outer wall is obtained at the outer surface of ∼ 502.6 MPa and the inner surface of 506.6 MPa. Considering that the yield stress of the outer wall is considered to be ∼ 500 MPa, the entire outer wall is in a plastic state but has undergone a good amount of plastic deformation. Residual stresses are initially tensile and then reach their maximum value and with increasing depth, they are converted into compressive residual stresses and then reach an equilibrium state in the base metal. With increasing depth, there is not much change in the maximum tensile residual stress.

本文研究了外压作用下双壁管材微液压成形过程中变形残余应力的测量。采用纳米压痕法测量了ST52钢/GGG70铁双壁管的残余应力。结果表明：在压力为146 t、温度为73℃、Al₂O₃纳米颗粒粉末在流体中的含量为5.6%的条件下，GGG70的内表面产生的压缩残余应力最大；在参考（无应力）样品上重复的纳米压痕测量显示出大约10%的变化，表明该方法的可重复性是可接受的。应力沿零件的长度几乎是均匀的，只有在零件的初始部分观察到非常微小的变化。外壁应力在外表面为~ 502.6 MPa，内表面为506.6 MPa。考虑外壁屈服应力为~ 500 MPa，整个外壁处于塑性状态，但发生了较好的塑性变形。残余应力最初是拉伸的，然后达到最大值，随着深度的增加，它们转化为压残余应力，然后在母材中达到平衡状态。随着深度的增加，最大拉伸残余应力变化不大。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative study of inertia and continuous drive friction welding processes based on equivalent energy input 基于等效能量输入的惯性与连续驱动摩擦焊接工艺对比研究

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100337

Carina Vauderwange , Dirk Lindenau , Heinz Palkowski , Hadi Mozaffari Jovein

Rotary friction welding can be performed using either continuous drive friction welding (CDFW) or inertia friction welding (IFW), which utilizes stored energy in a flywheel. Historically, these methods have distinct applications and geographic preferences: IFW is prevalent in the US, especially for superalloys, while CDFW is more common in Europe, focusing on automotive materials like steel and aluminum. This study presents a comparative analysis of both welding techniques using the same friction welding machine to minimize external variables. The free-machining steel AISI 1215, chosen for its banded microstructure, serves as the specimen material. The comparison is based on the same energetic input of 82.8 kJ to ensure consistency. However, IFW experienced significant losses due to internal friction, which further decelerated the spindle and reduced the effective weld energy to 68 kJ. Key findings include differences in deformation behavior and weld formation efficiency. CDFW exhibits a softer deformation, with principal shortening occurring during the forge phase due to axial force, resulting in large equiaxed inclusions in the weld zone. Additionally, less upset is generated with the same calculated energy input. In contrast, IFW demonstrates sharper deformation, with main shortening in the friction phase, achieving greater total upset. The combination of axial force and torque produces a spiralized material flow and finely dispersed inclusions due to high shear forces. These insights highlight the distinct advantages and characteristics of each welding technique, providing valuable information for their respective applications.

旋转摩擦焊可以使用连续驱动摩擦焊（CDFW）或惯性摩擦焊（IFW）进行，后者利用飞轮中存储的能量。从历史上看，这些方法有不同的应用和地理偏好：IFW在美国很普遍，特别是用于高温合金，而CDFW在欧洲更常见，主要用于钢铁和铝等汽车材料。本研究提出了一种比较分析两种焊接技术使用同一摩擦焊机，以尽量减少外部变量。自由加工钢AISI 1215，选择其带状组织，作为试样材料。为了保证一致性，比较是基于相同的能量输入82.8 kJ。然而，由于内摩擦，IFW经历了显著的损失，这进一步使主轴减速，并将有效焊接能量降低到68 kJ。主要发现包括变形行为和焊缝成形效率的差异。CDFW表现出较软的变形，主要缩短发生在锻造阶段，由于轴向力，导致焊缝区有大量等轴夹杂物。此外，在相同的计算能量输入下，产生的扰动更少。相比之下，IFW表现出更剧烈的变形，主要在摩擦阶段缩短，实现了更大的总变形。由于高剪切力，轴向力和扭矩的结合产生螺旋状的物料流和精细分散的夹杂物。这些见解突出了每种焊接技术的独特优势和特点，为各自的应用提供了有价值的信息。

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引用次数: 0

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100335

A. Yarmou shamsabadi , M. Farvizi , L. Nikzad , A. Malekan

This article explores the dissimilar joining of two commonly utilized superalloys, X-45 and Hastelloy X (HX), through the Transient Liquid Phase (TLP) bonding technique using BNi-2 filler metal. The TLP process was performed at 1050 °C for varying durations (5–60 min). Microstructural analyses indicated that longer holding times at 1050 °C alongside the diffusion of Melting Point Depressant (MPD) elements into the base materials led to the completion of isothermal solidification and the elimination of the eutectic structure from the Athermally Solidified Zone (ASZ). The MPD elements exhibited varying diffusion rates across the joint's two sides. Increased diffusion of elements on the Hastelloy X side resulted in denser and more widespread precipitates than on the opposite side of the joint, although this region produced harder precipitates. To analyze the connection between microstructure and mechanical properties, a combination of microhardness and shear testing was utilized. Shear tests revealed two distinct types of fractures for joints formed over different durations: one type occurred when isothermal solidification was not completed, resulting in a cleavage fracture with low shear strength and weak bonding due to brittle eutectic compounds in the ASZ, while the other happened when isothermal solidification was complete, showing ductile fracture from the Diffusion Affected Zone (DAZ) that had the highest hardness following ASZ removal. The increased density of precipitates and broader precipitation zone on the HX side promote crack propagation along the boride-rich grain boundaries in this region, ultimately leading to the final fracture.

本文利用BNi-2填充金属，通过瞬态液相（TLP）连接技术，研究了两种常用的高温合金X-45和哈氏合金X （HX）的异种连接。TLP过程在1050°C下进行，持续时间不同（5-60分钟）。显微组织分析表明，随着熔点抑制剂（MPD）元素向基材的扩散，在1050℃下保温时间延长，完成了等温凝固，消除了热固化区（ASZ）的共晶组织。MPD元素在关节两侧表现出不同的扩散速率。元素在哈氏合金X侧的扩散增加导致了比在接头另一侧更密集和更广泛的析出物，尽管该区域产生了更硬的析出物。为了分析微观组织与力学性能之间的关系，采用显微硬度和剪切试验相结合的方法。剪切试验显示，在不同时间形成的节理有两种不同类型的断裂：一种类型发生在等温凝固未完成时，由于ASZ中脆性共晶化合物的存在，导致剪切强度低、结合弱的解理断裂；另一种类型发生在等温凝固完成时，显示扩散影响区（DAZ）的韧性断裂，该区域在ASZ去除后具有最高的硬度。HX侧析出相密度增大，析出带变宽，促使裂纹沿该区域富含硼化物的晶界扩展，最终导致断裂。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of the thermal oxide on the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of stainless steels welds in chloride-containing media 热氧化物对含氯化物介质中不锈钢焊缝应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100334

Laura de Lima e Silva , Nadège Ducommun , Laurent Jubin , Ronan Mainguy , Jérôme Esvan , Eric Andrieu , Christine Blanc

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of a non-polished 316 L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) welded joint, i.e., covered by a thermal oxide film, was studied by carrying out uniaxial tensile tests in a 1 M NaCl solution (pH 4, 60 °C). Experiments were also performed on a polished weld, i.e., covered by a native oxide film, for comparison. The thermal oxide film presented a bi-layer structure similar to that of the native oxide film, but the ratio Fe/Cr in the outer layer of the thermal oxide film was higher. Moreover, the thermal oxide film was thicker than the native oxide film, but it was more porous and showed a gradient in chemical composition and morphology as a function of the distance from the fusion line of the weld. The defective structure of the thermal oxide film was associated with a degradation in the corrosion behaviour of the non-polished weld, as well a change in the crack propagation mode during SCC tests, from intergranular to transgranular even though the cracks formed preferentially in the heat affected zone (HAZ) for both polished and non-polished samples. Furthermore, crack propagation was promoted, with cracks extending across multiple grains, in the HAZ of the non-polished sample near the fusion line, where the thermal oxide was more porous and richer in Fe compared to the HAZ far from the fusion line. The results therefore highlighted the major influence of the thermal oxide properties on the corrosion behaviour and SCC susceptibility of the 316 L weld.

通过在1 M NaCl溶液（pH 4, 60℃）中进行单轴拉伸试验，研究了未抛光的316l奥氏体不锈钢（ASS）焊接接头（即覆盖热氧化膜）的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性。实验也进行了抛光焊缝，即，由天然氧化膜覆盖，以进行比较。热氧化膜呈现出与天然氧化膜相似的双层结构，但热氧化膜外层的Fe/Cr比更高。此外，热氧化膜比天然氧化膜更厚，但多孔性更强，化学成分和形貌随焊缝与熔合线距离的变化呈梯度变化。热氧化膜的缺陷结构与非抛光焊缝腐蚀行为的退化有关，也与SCC测试期间裂纹扩展模式的变化有关，从晶间到穿晶，尽管抛光和非抛光样品的裂纹优先形成于热影响区（HAZ）。此外，与远离熔合线的热影响区相比，在靠近熔合线的热影响区，未抛光样品的热氧化区孔隙更大，铁含量更丰富，从而促进了裂纹扩展，裂纹跨越多个晶粒。因此，研究结果强调了热氧化物性能对316l焊缝腐蚀行为和SCC敏感性的主要影响。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of the economic efficiency and sustainability of two debonding processes for structurally bonded sills 两种结构粘接工艺的经济效率和可持续性比较

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100332

Alex Jordan , Lucas Hermelingmeier , Julian Gilich , Gerson Meschut , Marco De Santis , Alexander Schlüter

In light of growing demands for resource efficiency and sustainability in vehicle engineering, the environmentally compatible separation of structural adhesive joints is gaining increasing relevance. This study presents a comparative analysis of two physically based debonding methods: the established hot-air process and a cryogenic cold process based on liquid nitrogen (LN₂). The primary objective is to assess the ecological impact and process-related sustainability of both approaches.

Experimental investigations were conducted on a component-representative triple-sheet structure that simulates common automotive flange joints. Thermal input was applied either by convective heating using a hot air gun or by direct cooling through a contact-based LN₂ tool. The resulting temperature profiles were recorded using spatially distributed thermocouples. Subsequently, the outer panel was selectively debonded to replicate a repair scenario, and the mechanical integrity of the remaining adhesive joint was evaluated through Mode I testing of l-shaped specimens. Process data served as input for an Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) according to DIN EN ISO 14,040.

The cryogenic method achieved a 40 % reduction in carbon footprint compared to the hot-air process (0.337 kg vs. 0.559 kg CO₂-equivalents), primarily due to its shorter process time and more efficient heat transfer. While the hot-air method’s impact is mainly driven by electrical energy use, that of the cold method stems from cryogenic media consumption. Notwithstanding certain disadvantages in specific impact categories, the LN₂-based process exhibits a superior overall ecological performance and signifies a promising solution for repair- and recycling-oriented adhesive separation in structural vehicle applications.

随着汽车工程对资源效率和可持续性的要求越来越高，结构粘接接头的环境兼容分离越来越重要。本研究对比分析了两种基于物理的脱粘方法：已建立的热空气法和基于液氮（LN2）的低温冷法。主要目标是评估这两种方法的生态影响和与过程有关的可持续性。以具有代表性的三板结构为研究对象，模拟了常见的汽车法兰连接。热输入可以通过热风枪对流加热，也可以通过接触式LN2工具直接冷却。利用空间分布的热电偶记录得到的温度分布。随后，有选择地剥离外面板以复制修复场景，并通过l形试件的I型测试评估剩余粘合接头的机械完整性。根据DIN EN ISO 14040，过程数据作为生命周期评估（LCA）的输入。与热空气法相比，深冷法的碳足迹减少了40% （0.337 kg对0.559 kg二氧化碳当量），这主要是由于其更短的工艺时间和更有效的传热。热空气法的影响主要是由电能的使用驱动的，而冷法的影响则源于低温介质的消耗。尽管在特定的影响类别中存在一定的缺点，但基于ln2的工艺表现出优越的整体生态性能，并标志着结构车辆应用中以修复和回收为导向的粘合剂分离的有希望的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of heat input on the residual stress distribution in gas-metal arc welding of carbon steel: Simulation and experimental methods 热输入对碳钢气-金属电弧焊残余应力分布的影响：模拟与实验方法

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100333

Amir Dadkhah , Mahmoud Sarkari Khorrami , Seyed Farshid Kashani-Bozorg , Reza Miresmaeili

A major challenge in fusion welding is the development of residual stresses and distortions, stemming primarily from non-uniform thermal cycles during welding. These stresses adversely influence fatigue life, corrosion resistance, and dimensional stability of engineering components. Heat input is a crucial parameter governing residual stress formation. Conventional experimental methods for residual stress determination are often time-consuming or destructive, making simulation an efficient alternative for stress prediction. This study assessed the effect of heat input on residual stress in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process through integrated simulation and hole-drilling measurements. For this purpose, A516 Gr70 steel plates were welded using the GMAW technique with varying heat inputs, both with and without a back welding. After characterizing microstructure and mechanical properties, residual stresses were quantified via the hole-drilling method. Numerical simulation employed Abaqus with the Goldak double-ellipsoid heat source model and element birth-and-death technique, with results validated against experimental data. The microhardness value of the weld zone produced by the lowest heat input was found to be ∼198 HV, with a microstructure dominated by pearlite and varying morphologies of ferrites. Simulation revealed peak residual stresses in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld center across all heat inputs. The reduction in heat input and applying the back welding resulted in less tensile residual stresses in most areas and slightly increased compressive residual stresses in areas farther from the HAZ. Four-channel thermocouple measurements and numerical simulation provided detailed thermal analysis during welding, with simulated residual stresses showing 96 % agreement with hole-drilling results, validating both methodologies.

熔焊的一个主要挑战是残余应力和变形的发展，主要源于焊接过程中不均匀的热循环。这些应力对工程部件的疲劳寿命、耐腐蚀性和尺寸稳定性产生不利影响。热输入是控制残余应力形成的关键参数。传统的残余应力测定实验方法往往耗时或破坏性，使模拟成为应力预测的有效替代方法。本研究通过综合模拟和钻孔测量，评估了热输入对气体保护焊（GMAW）过程中残余应力的影响。为此，A516 Gr70钢板采用不同热量输入的GMAW技术焊接，有或没有背焊。在表征微观组织和力学性能后，通过钻孔法对残余应力进行量化。数值模拟采用Abaqus软件，采用Goldak双椭球热源模型和单元生死技术，并与实验数据进行了验证。最低热输入产生的焊缝区显微硬度值为~ 198 HV，显微组织以珠光体和不同形态的铁素体为主。模拟结果表明，热影响区（HAZ）和焊缝中心的残余应力峰值贯穿所有热输入。减少热输入和应用背焊导致大多数区域的拉伸残余应力较小，而远离热影响区区域的压残余应力略有增加。四通道热电偶测量和数值模拟提供了焊接过程中详细的热分析，模拟的残余应力与钻孔结果的一致性达到96%，验证了这两种方法。

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引用次数: 0

Process parameter optimization and bonding mechanism in dissimilar S45C/A6061 joints via novel sacrificing-sheet linear friction welding 新型牺牲片线性摩擦焊接不同S45C/A6061接头的工艺参数优化及连接机理

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100331

Furkan Khan, Takuya Miura, Yoshiaki Morisada, Kohsaku Ushioda, Hidetoshi Fujii

Sacrificing-sheet linear friction welding (SSLFW) is a novel solid-state joining technique developed to address the challenges of dissimilar welding between S45C steel and A6061 aluminum alloy, which are difficult to join using conventional linear friction welding (LFW). In this method, a S45C center sheet is linearly oscillated while the two base materials, i.e., S45C and A6061, are pressed against it using a center-driven double-sided LFW machine. The center sheet acts as a sacrificial sheet, which is progressively expelled from the joint interface during welding owing to thermomechanical effect from each side, thereby enabling direct joining between the base materials. This study investigates the effects of key process parameters on mechanical properties and interfacial microstructure, and clarifies the bonding mechanism of SSLFW. Optimum welding conditions with 2 mm upset length, 300 MPa applied pressure toward A6061, 1 s preheat time, and 50 MPa preheat pressure produced sound, defect-free joints with a thin, continuous intermetallic compound (IMC) layer of approximately 100 nm. These conditions enabled simultaneous plastic deformation of both base materials through sacrificing role of center sheet and effective suppression of unbonded regions. The resulting as-welded joint achieved a peak tensile strength of ∼235.3 MPa, corresponding to a joint efficiency of ∼73 % with respect to the A6061 base metal. Post-weld artificial aging significantly exhibited hardness recovery on the A6061 side, enhancing the joint strength to ∼307 MPa and increasing joint efficiency to ∼96 %. These results demonstrate the high potential of SSLFW for sound dissimilar metal joining.

牺牲片线性摩擦焊是为了解决传统线性摩擦焊难以连接的S45C钢与A6061铝合金异种焊接而发展起来的一种新型固态连接技术。该方法利用中心驱动的双面LFW机对S45C中心片材进行线性振荡，同时对S45C和A6061两种基材进行压制。中心片作为牺牲片，在焊接过程中，由于两侧的热机械效应，牺牲片逐渐从连接界面中排出，从而实现基材之间的直接连接。研究了关键工艺参数对SSLFW力学性能和界面微观组织的影响，阐明了SSLFW的结合机理。最佳焊接条件为镦距2mm， A6061施加压力300 MPa，预热时间1 s，预热压力50 MPa，可产生具有约100 nm薄的连续金属间化合物（IMC）层的良好无缺陷接头。在这些条件下，通过牺牲中心片的作用和有效抑制非粘合区域，使两种基材同时发生塑性变形。由此产生的焊接接头的峰值抗拉强度为~ 235.3 MPa，相对于A6061母材的接头效率为~ 73%。焊后人工时效显著恢复了A6061侧的硬度，使接头强度提高到~ 307 MPa，接头效率提高到~ 96%。这些结果表明，SSLFW在声学异种金属连接方面具有很高的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of conventional friction stir welding and ultrasonic vibration-assisted friction stir welding techniques 传统搅拌摩擦焊与超声振动辅助搅拌摩擦焊技术的对比评价

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100330

Noah E. El-Zathry , Rasheedat M. Mahamood , Wai Lok Woo , Sarah Green , Stephen Akinlabi , Naveen Loganathan , Vivek Patel

Enhancing joint strength in aluminium alloys remains a critical challenge for industrial applications. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process that offers superior weld quality compared to fusion methods. However, further advancements are needed, particularly for high-performance alloys like third-generation Al-Li. To address this, ultrasonic vibration-assisted FSW (UVaFSW) has been explored as a potential enhancement. This study compares the mechanical and microstructural properties of AA2060-T8-E30 joints produced by FSW and UVaFSW. Key process parameters, including tool traverse speed and ultrasonic vibration amplitude (7.5 µm and 22.5 µm), were varied to assess their influence on weld quality. Mechanical performance was evaluated through tensile testing and Vickers microhardness, while microstructural characteristics were examined using optical microscopy and SEM. The results demonstrated that UVaFSW significantly improved material flow, reduced asymmetry in the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and refined the grain structure. Consequently, the ultimate tensile strength increased by 16.6 % and 31.8 % at 7.5 µm and 22.5 µm amplitudes, respectively, and elongation reached 11 %, nearly three times that of FSW. Furthermore, UVaFSW produced finer grains and more uniform precipitate distribution. Therefore, UVaFSW emerges as a promising technique for enhancing weld quality in advanced Al-Li alloys for demanding engineering applications.

提高铝合金的接头强度仍然是工业应用的关键挑战。搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）是一种固态焊接工艺，与熔合方法相比，它提供了更好的焊接质量。然而，需要进一步的进步，特别是像第三代铝锂合金这样的高性能合金。为了解决这个问题，超声波振动辅助FSW （UVaFSW）作为一种潜在的增强技术被探索。本研究比较了FSW和UVaFSW制备的AA2060-T8-E30接头的力学性能和显微组织性能。改变关键工艺参数，包括刀具横移速度和超声振幅（7.5µm和22.5µm），以评估它们对焊接质量的影响。通过拉伸测试和维氏显微硬度评估其力学性能，并通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜检查其显微组织特征。结果表明，UVaFSW显著改善了材料流动，减少了热机械影响区（TMAZ）的不对称性，并细化了晶粒结构。在7.5µm和22.5µm幅值下，拉伸强度分别提高了16.6%和31.8%，伸长率达到11%，几乎是FSW的3倍。此外，UVaFSW产生更细的晶粒和更均匀的沉淀分布。因此，UVaFSW成为一种很有前途的技术，可以提高高要求工程应用中先进铝锂合金的焊接质量。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of bonding temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of TLP-bonded Ti-6Al-4V/Inconel 718 joints using BNi2/Cu interlayer 结合温度对BNi2/Cu夹层Ti-6Al-4V/Inconel 718 tlp结合接头组织和力学性能的影响

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100328

Sepehr Pourmorad Kaleybar, Hamid Khorsand

The joining of Ti-6Al-4 V to Inconel 718 is notable in industries. This research studied the effect of bonding temperatures (800, 850, 900, 950, and 1000 °C) on properties of Ti-6Al-4 V and Inconel 718 joints using BNi2/Cu interlayer in TLP bonding. The samples were analyzed for their microstructure and mechanical properties using a range of techniques: optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness testing, shear strength evaluation, and high-temperature shear tests. Microstructural analysis indicated the formation of intermetallic compounds like Ti2Cu, Ti₂Ni, NiTi, and Ni₃Ti within the diffusion-affected zone (DAZ) and solidification zone (SZ) of the TLP-bonded samples. The results demonstrated that temperature had a profound impact on the microstructure of the TLP-bonded samples; specifically, the width of the solidification zone increased as the TLP temperature rose. Moreover, there was an optimal temperature for achieving superior mechanical properties. For instance, a shear strength of 399.75 MPa was achieved at 950 °C as the highest shear strength value. The findings also revealed that both lower (800 °C) and higher (1000 °C) bonding temperatures led to decreased shear strength due to the presence of porosities and cracks. The high-temperature testing showed suitable mechanical properties for elevated temperatures.

ti - 6al - 4v与Inconel 718的结合在工业中是值得注意的。本研究研究了焊接温度（800、850、900、950和1000℃）对TLP结合中BNi2/Cu中间层ti - 6al - 4v和Inconel 718接头性能的影响。利用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射（XRD）、显微硬度测试、抗剪强度评估和高温剪切测试等一系列技术对样品的微观结构和力学性能进行了分析。显微组织分析表明，在tlp结合试样的扩散影响区（DAZ）和凝固区（SZ）内形成了Ti2Cu、Ti2Ni、NiTi和Ni3Ti等金属间化合物。结果表明：温度对tlp结合样品的微观结构有较大影响；随着TLP温度的升高，凝固区宽度增大。此外，还存在获得优异力学性能的最佳温度。在950℃时抗剪强度最高，达到399.75 MPa。研究结果还表明，较低（800°C）和较高（1000°C）的结合温度都会导致剪切强度下降，这是由于孔隙和裂纹的存在。高温试验表明，该材料在高温下具有良好的力学性能。

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