Journal of Advanced Joining Processes最新文献_第4页

Mechanistic insight into cooling-rate-driven bubble evolution and interfacial bonding strength in directly bonded Ti–PET materials 直接结合Ti-PET材料中冷却速率驱动气泡演化和界面结合强度的机理研究

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100345

Katsuyoshi Kondoh , Nodoka Nishimura , Kazuki Shitara , Shota Kariya , Ke Chen , Abdillah Sani Bin Mohd Najib , Junko Umeda

This study elucidates the mechanistic relationship between cooling rate and interfacial bubble evolution in direct bonding of commercially pure titanium (Ti) to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Joints were fabricated via a thermal press-bonding process under two distinct cooling regimes—rapid and slow cooling—and the dynamic behavior of residual gas bubbles was analyzed through in-situ optical observation. Slow cooling was found to markedly reduce both the size and population density of interfacial bubbles, attributed to enhanced gas re-dissolution and diffusion within the softened PET matrix at elevated temperatures. Quantitative image analysis revealed that the bubble area fraction decreased by >50 % under slow cooling conditions. Tensile shear testing showed that joints fabricated under slow cooling exhibited significantly higher bond strength—up to 1.5 times greater than those produced under rapid cooling—highlighting the deleterious role of residual bubbles as interfacial defects. Fractographic observations further indicated that slow cooling altered bubble morphology from network-like, dome-shaped structures to isolated, spherical forms, thereby increasing the effective bonded area and promoting interfacial adhesion. These findings provide critical insight into thermally driven interfacial phenomena in metal–polymer joining and underscore the importance of thermal management strategies for optimizing joint integrity.

本研究阐明了工业纯钛（Ti）与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）直接键合过程中冷却速率与界面气泡演化的机理关系。在快速冷却和慢速冷却两种不同冷却方式下，采用热压-键合工艺制备了接头，并通过原位光学观察分析了残余气泡的动态行为。研究发现，缓慢冷却可以显著减小界面气泡的大小和密度，这是由于在高温下软化PET基体内气体的再溶解和扩散增强。定量图像分析表明，在缓慢冷却条件下，气泡面积分数降低了50%。拉伸剪切测试表明，缓慢冷却下制造的接头具有明显更高的结合强度-高达快速冷却下制造的接头的1.5倍-突出了残余气泡作为界面缺陷的有害作用。断口形貌进一步表明，缓慢冷却改变了气泡形态，使其从网状、圆顶状结构转变为孤立的球形结构，从而增加了有效结合面积，促进了界面粘附。这些发现为研究金属-聚合物连接中的热驱动界面现象提供了重要见解，并强调了热管理策略对优化接头完整性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Controlling solidification cracks in laser beam welding of AA6005 using Al2O3 and TiC nanoparticles dispersed in a Cu coating 利用分散在Cu涂层中的Al2O3和TiC纳米颗粒控制AA6005激光焊接中的凝固裂纹

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100344

M.H. Khan , S. Jabar , T.I. Khan , H.R. Kotadia , P. Franciosa

Laser beam welding is a critical joining method for wrought 6xxx series aluminium (Al) alloys; however, its broader adoption is hindered by the susceptibility to solidification cracking, which undermines weld integrity and restricts the production of high-quality joints. To mitigate cracking susceptibility, this study explores a novel approach involving the use of alumina (Al₂O₃) and titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles introduced into the fusion zone of laser welded AA6005 aluminium sheets via electrophoretic deposition (CuSO₄ bath, ∼40 nm nanoparticles, varying concentrations/times). Microstructural analysis revealed that the incorporation of both Al₂O₃ and TiC nanoparticles on AA6005 led to an overall 65% grain refinement, effectively preventing centreline cracking during welding. Lap shear testing demonstrated a significant improvement in joint strength, with a 10% increase for Al₂O₃ coated samples and a 13% increase for TiC coated welds compared to the uncoated material. Notably, TiC outperformed Al₂O₃ at higher concentrations, exhibiting more uniform dispersion with reduced agglomeration and porosity. In contrast, Al₂O₃ showed a tendency toward particle clustering and pore formation at elevated concentrations, which limited its strengthening efficiency. This highlights the potential of nanoparticle reinforcement for enhancing the reliability and performance of laser welded 6xxx aluminium alloys.

激光束焊接是变形6xxx系列铝（Al）合金的一种关键连接方法；然而，它的广泛采用受到易于凝固开裂的阻碍，这破坏了焊缝的完整性，限制了高质量接头的生产。为了减轻开裂敏感性，本研究探索了一种新的方法，包括使用氧化铝（Al2O3）和碳化钛（TiC）纳米颗粒通过电泳沉积（CuSO4镀液，~ 40 nm纳米颗粒，不同浓度/时间）引入激光焊接AA6005铝板的熔合区。显微组织分析表明，Al2O3和TiC纳米颗粒在AA6005上的掺入使晶粒细化了65%，有效地防止了焊接过程中的中线开裂。搭接剪切测试表明，与未涂覆材料相比，涂覆Al2O3样品的接头强度提高了10%，涂覆TiC的焊缝强度提高了13%。值得注意的是，在较高浓度下，TiC优于Al2O3，表现出更均匀的分散，减少了团聚和孔隙度。相反，Al2O3在高浓度下表现出颗粒聚集和孔隙形成的趋势，限制了其强化效果。这突出了纳米颗粒增强在提高激光焊接6xxx铝合金可靠性和性能方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

LSDF-Net: An efficient lightweight defect detection method for ultrasonic welding surfaces LSDF-Net：一种高效轻量级的超声焊接表面缺陷检测方法

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100339

Shuhang Zhang , Xin Jin , Zhijiang Lou , Sen Wang , Shan Lu , Yifan He

This paper proposes LSDF-Net, a lightweight and high-speed detection network designed to address the challenges of insufficient accuracy and high computational cost in ultrasonic welding surface defect detection. Built upon the YOLOv8 architecture, LSDF-Net integrates a Dynamic Surface Detail Fusion Module (DSDFM) to enhance multi-scale feature representation and introduces a Lightweight Shared Convolution and Separate Batch Normalization detection head (LSCSBD) to reduce parameters and accelerate inference. In addition, a LAMP-based pruning strategy is applied, which achieves a 67% reduction in model size and a 48% reduction in computational cost with almost no performance degradation. Experimental results on both a self-constructed ultrasonic welding defect dataset and the public NEU-DET dataset demonstrate that LSDF-Net achieves the best overall performance, striking an excellent balance between accuracy and real-time inference. These results highlight its strong potential for real-time industrial defect detection applications.

针对超声焊接表面缺陷检测精度不足、计算成本高的问题，提出了一种轻量、高速的检测网络LSDF-Net。基于YOLOv8架构，LSDF-Net集成了动态表面细节融合模块（DSDFM）来增强多尺度特征表示，并引入了轻量级共享卷积和单独批归一化检测头（LSCSBD）来减少参数和加速推理。此外，应用了基于lamp的剪枝策略，在几乎没有性能下降的情况下，模型尺寸减少了67%，计算成本减少了48%。在自构建的超声焊接缺陷数据集和公开的nue - det数据集上的实验结果表明，LSDF-Net在准确性和实时推理之间取得了很好的平衡，取得了最佳的综合性能。这些结果突出了它在实时工业缺陷检测应用中的强大潜力。

引用次数: 0

Surface cracks repair in AA6061-T6 aluminum alloys using friction stir processing 搅拌摩擦法修复AA6061-T6铝合金表面裂纹

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100340

Fadi Al-Badour , Ahmad H. Bawagnih , Ahmed Ali , Rami K. Suleiman , Necar Merah

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is an advanced solid-state joining technique that offers an effective solution for repairing surface cracks in aluminum alloys. This study investigates the repair of an artificially induced 2 mm square groove in AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate; resemble pre-repair preparation, using friction stir processing (FSP), incorporating an aluminum filler rod and silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles as a reinforcement to ensure complete crack sealing. FSP was conducted on both cracked and crack-free samples, with a focus on the impact of tool offset during the repair process. Tool offsets of 0 mm, 1.75 mm, and 3.5 mm were employed toward the advancing side to assess their influence on the repair process. Mechanical testing, microstructural characterization, temperature, and force analysis were performed to comprehensively evaluate the repair strategy. The repaired samples exhibited an average ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of approximately 180 MPa, closely matching the 186 MPa observed in crack-free bead-on-plate welds. Additionally, the microhardness at stir zone (SZ) improved to average values of 77 HV for 0 mm offset and 80 HV for 1.75 mm offset, compared to 70 HV in the bead-on-plate welds . Despite the presence of microstructural defects, the use of tool offset contributed to satisfactory mechanical performance. However, samples welded with 0 mm tool offset exhibited slightly superior mechanical properties. Overall, this research highlights the feasibility of using FSP, combined with SiC nanoparticles reinforced filler material and tool offset control, as a promising approach for effective surface crack repair in aluminum alloys, providing a foundation for further process optimization and industrial application.

搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）是一种先进的固态连接技术，为修复铝合金表面裂纹提供了有效的解决方案。研究了AA6061-T6铝合金板人工诱导2 mm方槽的修复问题；类似于预修复准备，使用摩擦搅拌处理（FSP），结合铝填充棒和碳化硅纳米颗粒作为增强剂，以确保完全密封裂缝。FSP对裂纹和无裂纹样品进行了研究，重点研究了修复过程中刀具偏移的影响。刀具偏移量分别为0 mm、1.75 mm和3.5 mm，以评估其对修复过程的影响。力学测试、显微组织表征、温度和力分析进行了综合评估修复策略。修复样品的平均极限抗拉强度（UTS）约为180 MPa，与无裂纹板上焊的186 MPa非常接近。此外，搅拌区（SZ）的显微硬度在偏移量为0 mm时提高到77 HV，偏移量为1.75 mm时提高到80 HV，而焊珠对板焊接的显微硬度为70 HV。尽管存在显微组织缺陷，但刀具偏移的使用有助于获得令人满意的机械性能。然而，用0 mm刀具偏移焊接的样品表现出稍好的机械性能。综上所述，本研究突出了FSP与SiC纳米颗粒增强填充材料和刀具偏移控制相结合的可行性，为进一步的工艺优化和工业应用奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing the utilization of high-voltage electric fields for laser material processing 分析高压电场在激光材料加工中的应用

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100341

Christian Frey , Mikail Kacar , Arda Hiz , Robert Gerlach , Willem Leterme , Simon Olschok

Laser material processing has become an essential technique in industrial manufacturing in form of welding, drilling, cutting and structuring. However, process emissions such as the metal vapor plume pose a challenge, as they can impair the efficiency and precision of the laser process through reflection, absorption, and scattering. Conventional methods attempt to reduce the influence of the metal vapor plume by using shielding gases to remove the particles from the laser beam path. A novel alternative is the use of electric fields for targeted manipulation of the metal vapor to control the extinction effects. High voltage capacitors can precisely control the electric field which offers greater adaptability to a dynamic laser process. The following study investigates the utilization of high voltage capacitor configurations for generating electric fields to actively deflect metal vapor from the laser beam path during laser welding. The distribution of the electric field is analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) for the considered capacitor geometries. The weld seam geometry shows a distinct geometry depending on the selected capacitor arrangement, and the weld penetration depth decreases with the use of the electric field. The measurable trend remains preliminary, since it is assumed that the welding fume is held over the welding position by the electric field, which influences the result.

激光材料加工已成为工业制造中的一项重要技术，其形式包括焊接、钻孔、切割和加工。然而，像金属蒸气羽流这样的过程发射带来了挑战，因为它们会通过反射、吸收和散射损害激光过程的效率和精度。传统的方法试图通过使用保护气体从激光束路径中去除粒子来减少金属蒸汽羽流的影响。一种新颖的替代方法是利用电场对金属蒸气进行有针对性的操纵，以控制消光效应。高压电容器可以精确地控制电场，对动态激光过程具有更大的适应性。下面的研究探讨了在激光焊接过程中，利用高压电容器结构产生电场来主动偏转激光束路径上的金属蒸气。采用有限元法对所考虑的电容器几何形状进行了电场分布分析。焊缝几何形状随电容器布置的不同呈现出不同的几何形状，焊缝穿透深度随电场的使用而减小。可测量的趋势仍然是初步的，因为假设焊接烟雾被电场保持在焊接位置，这影响了结果。

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引用次数: 0

Measurement of residual stress due to deformation caused by slight hydroforming deformation process in double-walled pipes through external pressure 测量外压作用下双壁管中微液压成形变形过程中产生的残余应力

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100338

Reza Mansourian, Masoud Mahmoodi

In this study, the measurement of residual stress due to deformation caused by slight hydroforming deformation process in double-walled pipes through external pressure was studied. Residual stresses were measured by nanoindentation of ST52 steel/GGG70 iron double-walled pipes. The results showed that the highest compressive residual stress was created on the inner surface of the GGG70 with effective parameters of pressure of 146 tons, the temperature of 73 °C, and percentage of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles powder in fluid of 5.6 %. Repeated nanoindentation measurements on the reference (stress-free) sample showed a variation of approximately 10 %, indicating acceptable repeatability of the method. The stresses are almost uniform and the same along the length of the part, and only very slight changes are observed in the part's initial part. The stress in the outer wall is obtained at the outer surface of ∼ 502.6 MPa and the inner surface of 506.6 MPa. Considering that the yield stress of the outer wall is considered to be ∼ 500 MPa, the entire outer wall is in a plastic state but has undergone a good amount of plastic deformation. Residual stresses are initially tensile and then reach their maximum value and with increasing depth, they are converted into compressive residual stresses and then reach an equilibrium state in the base metal. With increasing depth, there is not much change in the maximum tensile residual stress.

本文研究了外压作用下双壁管材微液压成形过程中变形残余应力的测量。采用纳米压痕法测量了ST52钢/GGG70铁双壁管的残余应力。结果表明：在压力为146 t、温度为73℃、Al₂O₃纳米颗粒粉末在流体中的含量为5.6%的条件下，GGG70的内表面产生的压缩残余应力最大；在参考（无应力）样品上重复的纳米压痕测量显示出大约10%的变化，表明该方法的可重复性是可接受的。应力沿零件的长度几乎是均匀的，只有在零件的初始部分观察到非常微小的变化。外壁应力在外表面为~ 502.6 MPa，内表面为506.6 MPa。考虑外壁屈服应力为~ 500 MPa，整个外壁处于塑性状态，但发生了较好的塑性变形。残余应力最初是拉伸的，然后达到最大值，随着深度的增加，它们转化为压残余应力，然后在母材中达到平衡状态。随着深度的增加，最大拉伸残余应力变化不大。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative study of inertia and continuous drive friction welding processes based on equivalent energy input 基于等效能量输入的惯性与连续驱动摩擦焊接工艺对比研究

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100337

Carina Vauderwange , Dirk Lindenau , Heinz Palkowski , Hadi Mozaffari Jovein

Rotary friction welding can be performed using either continuous drive friction welding (CDFW) or inertia friction welding (IFW), which utilizes stored energy in a flywheel. Historically, these methods have distinct applications and geographic preferences: IFW is prevalent in the US, especially for superalloys, while CDFW is more common in Europe, focusing on automotive materials like steel and aluminum. This study presents a comparative analysis of both welding techniques using the same friction welding machine to minimize external variables. The free-machining steel AISI 1215, chosen for its banded microstructure, serves as the specimen material. The comparison is based on the same energetic input of 82.8 kJ to ensure consistency. However, IFW experienced significant losses due to internal friction, which further decelerated the spindle and reduced the effective weld energy to 68 kJ. Key findings include differences in deformation behavior and weld formation efficiency. CDFW exhibits a softer deformation, with principal shortening occurring during the forge phase due to axial force, resulting in large equiaxed inclusions in the weld zone. Additionally, less upset is generated with the same calculated energy input. In contrast, IFW demonstrates sharper deformation, with main shortening in the friction phase, achieving greater total upset. The combination of axial force and torque produces a spiralized material flow and finely dispersed inclusions due to high shear forces. These insights highlight the distinct advantages and characteristics of each welding technique, providing valuable information for their respective applications.

旋转摩擦焊可以使用连续驱动摩擦焊（CDFW）或惯性摩擦焊（IFW）进行，后者利用飞轮中存储的能量。从历史上看，这些方法有不同的应用和地理偏好：IFW在美国很普遍，特别是用于高温合金，而CDFW在欧洲更常见，主要用于钢铁和铝等汽车材料。本研究提出了一种比较分析两种焊接技术使用同一摩擦焊机，以尽量减少外部变量。自由加工钢AISI 1215，选择其带状组织，作为试样材料。为了保证一致性，比较是基于相同的能量输入82.8 kJ。然而，由于内摩擦，IFW经历了显著的损失，这进一步使主轴减速，并将有效焊接能量降低到68 kJ。主要发现包括变形行为和焊缝成形效率的差异。CDFW表现出较软的变形，主要缩短发生在锻造阶段，由于轴向力，导致焊缝区有大量等轴夹杂物。此外，在相同的计算能量输入下，产生的扰动更少。相比之下，IFW表现出更剧烈的变形，主要在摩擦阶段缩短，实现了更大的总变形。由于高剪切力，轴向力和扭矩的结合产生螺旋状的物料流和精细分散的夹杂物。这些见解突出了每种焊接技术的独特优势和特点，为各自的应用提供了有价值的信息。

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引用次数: 0

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100335

A. Yarmou shamsabadi , M. Farvizi , L. Nikzad , A. Malekan

This article explores the dissimilar joining of two commonly utilized superalloys, X-45 and Hastelloy X (HX), through the Transient Liquid Phase (TLP) bonding technique using BNi-2 filler metal. The TLP process was performed at 1050 °C for varying durations (5–60 min). Microstructural analyses indicated that longer holding times at 1050 °C alongside the diffusion of Melting Point Depressant (MPD) elements into the base materials led to the completion of isothermal solidification and the elimination of the eutectic structure from the Athermally Solidified Zone (ASZ). The MPD elements exhibited varying diffusion rates across the joint's two sides. Increased diffusion of elements on the Hastelloy X side resulted in denser and more widespread precipitates than on the opposite side of the joint, although this region produced harder precipitates. To analyze the connection between microstructure and mechanical properties, a combination of microhardness and shear testing was utilized. Shear tests revealed two distinct types of fractures for joints formed over different durations: one type occurred when isothermal solidification was not completed, resulting in a cleavage fracture with low shear strength and weak bonding due to brittle eutectic compounds in the ASZ, while the other happened when isothermal solidification was complete, showing ductile fracture from the Diffusion Affected Zone (DAZ) that had the highest hardness following ASZ removal. The increased density of precipitates and broader precipitation zone on the HX side promote crack propagation along the boride-rich grain boundaries in this region, ultimately leading to the final fracture.

本文利用BNi-2填充金属，通过瞬态液相（TLP）连接技术，研究了两种常用的高温合金X-45和哈氏合金X （HX）的异种连接。TLP过程在1050°C下进行，持续时间不同（5-60分钟）。显微组织分析表明，随着熔点抑制剂（MPD）元素向基材的扩散，在1050℃下保温时间延长，完成了等温凝固，消除了热固化区（ASZ）的共晶组织。MPD元素在关节两侧表现出不同的扩散速率。元素在哈氏合金X侧的扩散增加导致了比在接头另一侧更密集和更广泛的析出物，尽管该区域产生了更硬的析出物。为了分析微观组织与力学性能之间的关系，采用显微硬度和剪切试验相结合的方法。剪切试验显示，在不同时间形成的节理有两种不同类型的断裂：一种类型发生在等温凝固未完成时，由于ASZ中脆性共晶化合物的存在，导致剪切强度低、结合弱的解理断裂；另一种类型发生在等温凝固完成时，显示扩散影响区（DAZ）的韧性断裂，该区域在ASZ去除后具有最高的硬度。HX侧析出相密度增大，析出带变宽，促使裂纹沿该区域富含硼化物的晶界扩展，最终导致断裂。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of the thermal oxide on the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of stainless steels welds in chloride-containing media 热氧化物对含氯化物介质中不锈钢焊缝应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100334

Laura de Lima e Silva , Nadège Ducommun , Laurent Jubin , Ronan Mainguy , Jérôme Esvan , Eric Andrieu , Christine Blanc

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of a non-polished 316 L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) welded joint, i.e., covered by a thermal oxide film, was studied by carrying out uniaxial tensile tests in a 1 M NaCl solution (pH 4, 60 °C). Experiments were also performed on a polished weld, i.e., covered by a native oxide film, for comparison. The thermal oxide film presented a bi-layer structure similar to that of the native oxide film, but the ratio Fe/Cr in the outer layer of the thermal oxide film was higher. Moreover, the thermal oxide film was thicker than the native oxide film, but it was more porous and showed a gradient in chemical composition and morphology as a function of the distance from the fusion line of the weld. The defective structure of the thermal oxide film was associated with a degradation in the corrosion behaviour of the non-polished weld, as well a change in the crack propagation mode during SCC tests, from intergranular to transgranular even though the cracks formed preferentially in the heat affected zone (HAZ) for both polished and non-polished samples. Furthermore, crack propagation was promoted, with cracks extending across multiple grains, in the HAZ of the non-polished sample near the fusion line, where the thermal oxide was more porous and richer in Fe compared to the HAZ far from the fusion line. The results therefore highlighted the major influence of the thermal oxide properties on the corrosion behaviour and SCC susceptibility of the 316 L weld.

通过在1 M NaCl溶液（pH 4, 60℃）中进行单轴拉伸试验，研究了未抛光的316l奥氏体不锈钢（ASS）焊接接头（即覆盖热氧化膜）的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性。实验也进行了抛光焊缝，即，由天然氧化膜覆盖，以进行比较。热氧化膜呈现出与天然氧化膜相似的双层结构，但热氧化膜外层的Fe/Cr比更高。此外，热氧化膜比天然氧化膜更厚，但多孔性更强，化学成分和形貌随焊缝与熔合线距离的变化呈梯度变化。热氧化膜的缺陷结构与非抛光焊缝腐蚀行为的退化有关，也与SCC测试期间裂纹扩展模式的变化有关，从晶间到穿晶，尽管抛光和非抛光样品的裂纹优先形成于热影响区（HAZ）。此外，与远离熔合线的热影响区相比，在靠近熔合线的热影响区，未抛光样品的热氧化区孔隙更大，铁含量更丰富，从而促进了裂纹扩展，裂纹跨越多个晶粒。因此，研究结果强调了热氧化物性能对316l焊缝腐蚀行为和SCC敏感性的主要影响。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of the economic efficiency and sustainability of two debonding processes for structurally bonded sills 两种结构粘接工艺的经济效率和可持续性比较

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100332

Alex Jordan , Lucas Hermelingmeier , Julian Gilich , Gerson Meschut , Marco De Santis , Alexander Schlüter

In light of growing demands for resource efficiency and sustainability in vehicle engineering, the environmentally compatible separation of structural adhesive joints is gaining increasing relevance. This study presents a comparative analysis of two physically based debonding methods: the established hot-air process and a cryogenic cold process based on liquid nitrogen (LN₂). The primary objective is to assess the ecological impact and process-related sustainability of both approaches.

Experimental investigations were conducted on a component-representative triple-sheet structure that simulates common automotive flange joints. Thermal input was applied either by convective heating using a hot air gun or by direct cooling through a contact-based LN₂ tool. The resulting temperature profiles were recorded using spatially distributed thermocouples. Subsequently, the outer panel was selectively debonded to replicate a repair scenario, and the mechanical integrity of the remaining adhesive joint was evaluated through Mode I testing of l-shaped specimens. Process data served as input for an Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) according to DIN EN ISO 14,040.

The cryogenic method achieved a 40 % reduction in carbon footprint compared to the hot-air process (0.337 kg vs. 0.559 kg CO₂-equivalents), primarily due to its shorter process time and more efficient heat transfer. While the hot-air method’s impact is mainly driven by electrical energy use, that of the cold method stems from cryogenic media consumption. Notwithstanding certain disadvantages in specific impact categories, the LN₂-based process exhibits a superior overall ecological performance and signifies a promising solution for repair- and recycling-oriented adhesive separation in structural vehicle applications.

随着汽车工程对资源效率和可持续性的要求越来越高，结构粘接接头的环境兼容分离越来越重要。本研究对比分析了两种基于物理的脱粘方法：已建立的热空气法和基于液氮（LN2）的低温冷法。主要目标是评估这两种方法的生态影响和与过程有关的可持续性。以具有代表性的三板结构为研究对象，模拟了常见的汽车法兰连接。热输入可以通过热风枪对流加热，也可以通过接触式LN2工具直接冷却。利用空间分布的热电偶记录得到的温度分布。随后，有选择地剥离外面板以复制修复场景，并通过l形试件的I型测试评估剩余粘合接头的机械完整性。根据DIN EN ISO 14040，过程数据作为生命周期评估（LCA）的输入。与热空气法相比，深冷法的碳足迹减少了40% （0.337 kg对0.559 kg二氧化碳当量），这主要是由于其更短的工艺时间和更有效的传热。热空气法的影响主要是由电能的使用驱动的，而冷法的影响则源于低温介质的消耗。尽管在特定的影响类别中存在一定的缺点，但基于ln2的工艺表现出优越的整体生态性能，并标志着结构车辆应用中以修复和回收为导向的粘合剂分离的有希望的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0