Journal of Advanced Joining Processes最新文献_第4页

Mechanistic insight into cooling-rate-driven bubble evolution and interfacial bonding strength in directly bonded Ti–PET materials 直接结合Ti-PET材料中冷却速率驱动气泡演化和界面结合强度的机理研究

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100345

Katsuyoshi Kondoh , Nodoka Nishimura , Kazuki Shitara , Shota Kariya , Ke Chen , Abdillah Sani Bin Mohd Najib , Junko Umeda

This study elucidates the mechanistic relationship between cooling rate and interfacial bubble evolution in direct bonding of commercially pure titanium (Ti) to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Joints were fabricated via a thermal press-bonding process under two distinct cooling regimes—rapid and slow cooling—and the dynamic behavior of residual gas bubbles was analyzed through in-situ optical observation. Slow cooling was found to markedly reduce both the size and population density of interfacial bubbles, attributed to enhanced gas re-dissolution and diffusion within the softened PET matrix at elevated temperatures. Quantitative image analysis revealed that the bubble area fraction decreased by >50 % under slow cooling conditions. Tensile shear testing showed that joints fabricated under slow cooling exhibited significantly higher bond strength—up to 1.5 times greater than those produced under rapid cooling—highlighting the deleterious role of residual bubbles as interfacial defects. Fractographic observations further indicated that slow cooling altered bubble morphology from network-like, dome-shaped structures to isolated, spherical forms, thereby increasing the effective bonded area and promoting interfacial adhesion. These findings provide critical insight into thermally driven interfacial phenomena in metal–polymer joining and underscore the importance of thermal management strategies for optimizing joint integrity.

本研究阐明了工业纯钛（Ti）与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）直接键合过程中冷却速率与界面气泡演化的机理关系。在快速冷却和慢速冷却两种不同冷却方式下，采用热压-键合工艺制备了接头，并通过原位光学观察分析了残余气泡的动态行为。研究发现，缓慢冷却可以显著减小界面气泡的大小和密度，这是由于在高温下软化PET基体内气体的再溶解和扩散增强。定量图像分析表明，在缓慢冷却条件下，气泡面积分数降低了50%。拉伸剪切测试表明，缓慢冷却下制造的接头具有明显更高的结合强度-高达快速冷却下制造的接头的1.5倍-突出了残余气泡作为界面缺陷的有害作用。断口形貌进一步表明，缓慢冷却改变了气泡形态，使其从网状、圆顶状结构转变为孤立的球形结构，从而增加了有效结合面积，促进了界面粘附。这些发现为研究金属-聚合物连接中的热驱动界面现象提供了重要见解，并强调了热管理策略对优化接头完整性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Data-driven parameter optimization for bead geometry in wire arc additive manufacturing of 17-4 PH stainless steel 17-4 PH不锈钢丝弧增材制造中焊头几何参数的数据驱动优化

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100319

Muhammad Irfan , Yun-Fei Fu , Shalini Singh , Sajid Ullah Butt , Abul Fazal Arif , Osezua Ibhadode , Ahmed Qureshi

Due to its high strength, corrosion resistance, and toughness, 17-4 Precipitation Hardening (PH) stainless steel is widely used in aerospace, petrochemical, and marine industries. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies enable the fabrication of complex and/or customized components while offering superior material efficiency and shorter lead times. Because of its high deposition rate, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) can produce large metal structures. However, consistent bead profiles remain challenging because the process is highly sensitive to variations in thermal input and deposition conditions. Achieving uniform bead geometry during additive manufacturing is essential to avoid defects such as humming, spattering, and distortion, which can compromise the structural integrity of 3D components.

To achieve a uniform bead profile in WAAM, in this study, a full-factorial design of experiments is implemented to optimize the process parameters such as Wire Feed Rate (WFR), Torch Travel Speed (TTS), and Gas Flow Rate (GFR) for 17-4PH stainless steel. A backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is trained to model a non-linear relationship between these process parameters and bead geometry. Moreover, a genetic algorithm (GA) optimizes for bead uniformity and deposition efficiency. With a Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) of 0.85, the optimized parameters exhibited significantly improved uniformity and higher deposition efficiency.

17-4沉淀硬化（PH）不锈钢由于其高强度、耐腐蚀性和韧性，广泛应用于航空航天、石油化工和海洋工业。增材制造（AM）技术能够制造复杂和/或定制组件，同时提供卓越的材料效率和更短的交货时间。电弧增材制造（WAAM）由于其沉积速率高，可以生产大型金属结构。然而，由于该工艺对热输入和沉积条件的变化高度敏感，因此一致的焊头轮廓仍然具有挑战性。在增材制造过程中，实现均匀的焊头几何形状对于避免嗡嗡声、飞溅和变形等缺陷至关重要，这些缺陷可能会损害3D组件的结构完整性。为了在WAAM中获得均匀的头形，本研究对17-4PH不锈钢进行了全因子实验设计，以优化送丝速度（WFR）、火炬行进速度（TTS）和气体流量（GFR）等工艺参数。训练反向传播神经网络（BPNN）来模拟这些工艺参数与焊头几何形状之间的非线性关系。此外，采用遗传算法优化了焊头均匀性和沉积效率。结果表明，优化后的沉积参数均匀性显著提高，沉积效率显著提高，Pearson相关系数为0.85。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical properties of intermetallic compounds at solder joint interfaces investigated using nanoindentation technique 利用纳米压痕技术研究了焊点界面金属间化合物的力学性能

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100356

Wei-Rong Yang , Kiyokazu Yasuda , Jenn-Ming Song

Nanoindentation technique is applied as the key tool to investigated mechanical properties of intermetallic compounds, particularly those formed at solder joint interfaces, which are essential for the mechanical stability and reliability of electronic packaging. This article reviews the findings on mechanical properties of various intermetallic compounds using nanoindentation, including the dependences of crystal orientation and structure, alloying effects, and how these influence hardness, Young’s modulus, plastic ability, and creep resistance. Young’s modulus/hardness ratio was proposed to evaluate toughness, and creep resistance, and to predict reliability of the joints. The reviews shed a brand-new approach for the alloy/substrate material design enhancing interconnect durability.

纳米压痕技术是研究金属间化合物力学性能的关键工具，特别是在焊点界面处形成的金属间化合物，对电子封装的机械稳定性和可靠性至关重要。本文综述了利用纳米压痕对各种金属间化合物的力学性能的研究结果，包括晶体取向和结构的依赖性，合金效应，以及这些因素如何影响硬度，杨氏模量，塑性能力和抗蠕变能力。采用杨氏模量/硬度比来评价接头的韧性和抗蠕变性能，并预测接头的可靠性。这些综述为合金/衬底材料设计提供了一种全新的方法，可以提高互连的耐久性。

引用次数: 0

Visualization of material flow in one-step double-acting FSW of AA1100: role of tracer type and morphology AA1100一步双作用FSW物料流可视化：示踪剂类型和形态的作用

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100349

Eko Prasetya Budiana, Anas Fikri Makarim, Heru Sukanto, Nurul Muhayat, Triyono

Aluminum is widely used in industry due to its lightweight, high strength, and cost-effectiveness. However, conventional fusion welding of aluminum often results in porosity defects. One-step Double-Acting Friction Stir Welding (ODFSW) is an advancement of the FSW technique that enables simultaneous double-sided welding in a single pass at sub-melting temperatures, thereby overcoming porosity issues in fusion welding while also addressing challenges in single-sided FSW of thicker plates, such as incomplete penetration and root flaws. The quality of ODFSW joints is strongly influenced by the material flow behavior during welding. To investigate this flow, the Tracer Insert Technique was employed. This study examines the effect of tracer material type and form on the visibility of material flow in ODFSW of AA1100 aluminum with a 1 mm pin overlap. Three types of tracers were used: SiO₂ powder, AA6061 powder, and ER5356 wire. Results revealed that powder-form tracers, particularly AA6061, provided better visualization due to more uniform distribution and higher color contrast caused by the presence of Mg₂Si precipitates. Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) evaluation identified AA6061 as the most effective tracer, exhibiting minimal defects. Material flow visualization indicated distinct patterns, including flow from the advancing side (AS) to the retreating side (RS), material accumulation at the weld exit, onion ring formation, microvoids at pin tips, and homogeneous mixing in the mid-plate region. Additionally, a funnel-shaped flow profile and material concentration at the mid-thickness zone were observed, attributed to the mechanical interaction between the upper and lower tools.

铝因其重量轻、强度高、性价比高而广泛应用于工业领域。然而，传统的铝熔焊往往会产生气孔缺陷。一步双作用搅拌摩擦焊（ODFSW）是搅拌摩擦焊技术的一项进步，它可以在亚熔化温度下单道同时进行双面焊接，从而克服了熔焊中的气孔问题，同时也解决了较厚板的单面搅拌摩擦焊的挑战，如未焊透和根部缺陷。焊接过程中材料的流动行为对ODFSW接头的质量有很大影响。为了研究这种流动，采用了示踪剂插入技术。本研究考察了示踪材料类型和形式对引脚重叠1mm的AA1100铝ODFSW中物质流动可见性的影响。采用三种示踪剂：SiO₂粉、AA6061粉、ER5356丝。结果表明，粉末型示踪剂，特别是AA6061，由于Mg₂Si析出物的存在，其分布更均匀，颜色对比度更高，提供了更好的可视化效果。多属性决策（MADM）评价表明AA6061是最有效的示踪剂，缺陷最小。材料流动的可视化显示了明显的流动模式，包括从前进侧（AS）流向后退侧（RS）、焊缝出口的材料堆积、洋葱环的形成、针尖处的微空洞以及中板区域的均匀混合。此外，由于上下工具之间的机械相互作用，在中厚区观察到漏斗状的流动剖面和物质浓度。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of bonding temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of TLP-bonded Ti-6Al-4V/Inconel 718 joints using BNi2/Cu interlayer 结合温度对BNi2/Cu夹层Ti-6Al-4V/Inconel 718 tlp结合接头组织和力学性能的影响

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100328

Sepehr Pourmorad Kaleybar, Hamid Khorsand

The joining of Ti-6Al-4 V to Inconel 718 is notable in industries. This research studied the effect of bonding temperatures (800, 850, 900, 950, and 1000 °C) on properties of Ti-6Al-4 V and Inconel 718 joints using BNi2/Cu interlayer in TLP bonding. The samples were analyzed for their microstructure and mechanical properties using a range of techniques: optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness testing, shear strength evaluation, and high-temperature shear tests. Microstructural analysis indicated the formation of intermetallic compounds like Ti2Cu, Ti₂Ni, NiTi, and Ni₃Ti within the diffusion-affected zone (DAZ) and solidification zone (SZ) of the TLP-bonded samples. The results demonstrated that temperature had a profound impact on the microstructure of the TLP-bonded samples; specifically, the width of the solidification zone increased as the TLP temperature rose. Moreover, there was an optimal temperature for achieving superior mechanical properties. For instance, a shear strength of 399.75 MPa was achieved at 950 °C as the highest shear strength value. The findings also revealed that both lower (800 °C) and higher (1000 °C) bonding temperatures led to decreased shear strength due to the presence of porosities and cracks. The high-temperature testing showed suitable mechanical properties for elevated temperatures.

ti - 6al - 4v与Inconel 718的结合在工业中是值得注意的。本研究研究了焊接温度（800、850、900、950和1000℃）对TLP结合中BNi2/Cu中间层ti - 6al - 4v和Inconel 718接头性能的影响。利用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射（XRD）、显微硬度测试、抗剪强度评估和高温剪切测试等一系列技术对样品的微观结构和力学性能进行了分析。显微组织分析表明，在tlp结合试样的扩散影响区（DAZ）和凝固区（SZ）内形成了Ti2Cu、Ti2Ni、NiTi和Ni3Ti等金属间化合物。结果表明：温度对tlp结合样品的微观结构有较大影响；随着TLP温度的升高，凝固区宽度增大。此外，还存在获得优异力学性能的最佳温度。在950℃时抗剪强度最高，达到399.75 MPa。研究结果还表明，较低（800°C）和较高（1000°C）的结合温度都会导致剪切强度下降，这是由于孔隙和裂纹的存在。高温试验表明，该材料在高温下具有良好的力学性能。

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引用次数: 0

The role of pressure in improving the properties of friction welded aluminum–copper dissimilar joints 压力对改善铝铜异种摩擦焊接接头性能的作用

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100329

Riyan Ariyansah , Aditya Rio Prabowo , Nurul Muhayat , Bagus Anang Nugroho , Triyono

Rotary Friction Welding (RFW) is a solid-state joining technique well-suited for dissimilar metals such as aluminum and copper, despite challenges related to differences in electrochemical potential, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties. While previous studies have explored the influence of process parameters on joint quality, limited attention has been given to the systematic optimization of axial pressure in relation to intermetallic compound (IMC) formation and mechanical performance. This study investigates the effect of varying axial pressures (20, 30, and 40 kg/cm²) on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of rotary friction-welded joints between 6061 aluminum and pure copper. The welding parameters, including rotational speed (1300 rpm), friction time (45 s), and pressure time (30 s), were held constant to isolate the effect of pressure. Macro and microstructural analyses, along with hardness and tensile testing, were conducted. The results show that axial pressure significantly influences the morphology and thickness of IMCs formed in the central weld zone (CWZ), thereby affecting joint strength. Notably, a friction pressure of 20 kg/cm² was found to be optimal, yielding the highest combination of hardness and tensile strength compared to other specimens, thus demonstrating a good balance between metallurgical bonding and mechanical performance. Compared to similar studies, this work demonstrates improved mechanical performance at a lower IMC thickness, highlighting the importance of pressure optimization in balancing metallurgical bonding with mechanical integrity. The novelty of this research lies in identifying the critical role of pressure in tailoring IMC development and optimizing joint strength for aluminum-copper dissimilar metal welding.

旋转摩擦焊（RFW）是一种固态焊接技术，非常适合于不同的金属，如铝和铜，尽管存在与电化学电位、导热性和机械性能差异相关的挑战。虽然以往的研究探讨了工艺参数对接头质量的影响，但对轴向压力与金属间化合物（IMC）形成和力学性能之间的关系的系统优化关注有限。研究了不同轴向压力（20、30和40 kg/cm²）对6061铝与纯铜旋转摩擦焊接接头组织和力学行为的影响。焊接参数保持恒定，包括转速（1300转/分）、摩擦时间（45秒）和压力时间（30秒），以隔离压力的影响。进行了宏观和微观组织分析，以及硬度和拉伸测试。结果表明：轴向压力对中心焊缝区imc的形貌和厚度有显著影响，从而影响接头强度；值得注意的是，与其他样品相比，20 kg/cm²的摩擦压力是最佳的，可以产生最高的硬度和抗拉强度组合，从而证明了冶金结合和机械性能之间的良好平衡。与类似的研究相比，这项工作表明，在较低的IMC厚度下，机械性能得到改善，突出了压力优化在平衡冶金结合与机械完整性方面的重要性。本研究的新颖之处在于确定了压力在铝铜异种金属焊接中定制IMC发展和优化接头强度的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring microstructure and interface integrity in Ti–316L dissimilar keyhole laser welding using controlled 3d magnetic field stimulation 利用可控三维磁场刺激调整Ti-316L异种锁孔激光焊接的微观结构和界面完整性

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100352

Pinku Yadav , Simone Gervasoni , David Sargent , Patrik Hoffmann , Sergey Shevchik

This study investigates the influence of externally applied magnetic fields—both alternating and rotating—on the microstructural evolution and interface integrity of laser-welded dissimilar joints between titanium and 316 L stainless steel. A fiber laser system was employed to perform keyhole-mode lap welding, with various magnetic field orientations introduced to actively manipulate the melt pool dynamics. Alternating fields (Bx, By, Bz) promoted grain refinement (reducing average grain size from 51.8 ± 4.1 µm to 36.2 ± 3.1 µm) and enhanced recrystallization (increasing the recrystallized fraction to ∼0.69), resulting in a finer microstructure and more discrete intermetallic compound (IMC) formation at the Ti–316 L interface. In contrast, rotating magnetic fields (Bxy, Byz, Bxz) encouraged coarser grain growth (increasing average grain size up to 80.1 ± 4.5 µm) and increased the presence of unrecrystallized regions (up to 0.484 fraction) due to stabilized melt flow and slower cooling rates. These conditions facilitated deeper interdiffusion and led to thicker, more continuous IMC layers, correlating with a peak microhardness of 576 ± 8 HV, potentially compromising joint integrity. The findings demonstrate that precise control of magnetic field configuration during laser processing offers a powerful tool to tailor interfacial microstructures and minimize brittle phase formation. This approach provides new opportunities to enhance the performance and reliability of dissimilar metal joints in critical structural applications.

研究了外加磁场（交变磁场和旋转磁场）对钛与316l不锈钢异种激光焊接接头显微组织演变和界面完整性的影响。采用光纤激光系统进行锁孔模式搭接焊接，并引入不同的磁场方向来主动控制熔池动力学。交替场（Bx, By, Bz）促进了晶粒细化（平均晶粒尺寸从51.8±4.1µm减小到36.2±3.1µm）和再结晶（再结晶分数增加到~ 0.69），导致ti - 316l界面处的微观结构更精细和更离散的金属间化合物（IMC）形成。相比之下，旋转磁场（Bxy, Byz, Bxz）促进了更粗的晶粒生长（平均晶粒尺寸增加到80.1±4.5µm），并且由于稳定的熔体流动和较慢的冷却速率，增加了未再结晶区域的存在（高达0.484分数）。这些条件促进了更深的相互扩散，导致更厚、更连续的IMC层，峰值显微硬度为576±8 HV，可能会损害接头的完整性。研究结果表明，在激光加工过程中精确控制磁场配置为定制界面微观结构和减少脆性相形成提供了有力的工具。这种方法为在关键结构应用中提高异种金属接头的性能和可靠性提供了新的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimization of welding-induced residual stress and deflection in 6082-T6 aluminum alloy using validated thermo-mechanical modeling 基于验证热力学模型的6082-T6铝合金焊接残余应力和挠度多目标优化

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100351

Hamidreza Rohani Raftar , Amir Khodabakhshi , Tomi Suikkari , Antti Ahola , Tuomas Skriko

Welding of aluminum alloys often introduces residual stress and deflection, compromising dimensional precision and structural performance. This study investigates the influence of key process parameters of gas metal arc welding on the thermo-mechanical response of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy butt joints. A numerical method was developed and validated using experimental measurements of temperature distribution (thermocouples), deflection (3D laser scanning), and residual stress(X-ray diffraction). A full-factorial design of experiments (DOE) was conducted, varying clamping configuration, plate thickness, welding sequence, and cooling conditions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) quantified main and interaction effects. The study identified a trade-off between deflection and residual stress, which was addressed through multi-objective optimization using a desirability function approach. Deflection was reduced from 1.44 mm (measured experimentally) to 0.6 mm under optimized conditions, while the minimum residual stress was 171 MPa, representing a decrease of approximately 12%. The optimum condition corresponded to a partially restrained clamping configuration, a plate thickness of 4 mm, a continuous single pass welding sequence, and natural air cooling. Predictive models based on ensemble regression techniques were constructed using the 72 DOE-based FEM cases and validated with experimental measurements to estimate responses and rank influential parameters. The models achieved an R² values of 0.93 for deflection and an R² value of 0.94 for residual stress. Consistency between statistical and predictive analyses confirmed the dominant factors. The optimization framework offers a data-driven approach to improve welded structural integrity and highlights the potential of integrated simulation and data analysis in materials processing and design.

铝合金焊接常产生残余应力和变形，影响尺寸精度和结构性能。研究了气体保护金属弧焊关键工艺参数对6082-T6铝合金对接接头热-力学响应的影响。利用温度分布（热电偶）、偏转（3D激光扫描）和残余应力（x射线衍射）的实验测量，开发了一种数值方法并进行了验证。实验（DOE）的全因子设计进行了不同的夹紧配置，板的厚度，焊接顺序和冷却条件。方差分析（ANOVA）量化了主效应和交互效应。该研究确定了挠度和残余应力之间的权衡，并通过使用可取函数方法进行多目标优化。在优化条件下，挠度从1.44 mm（实验测量）减少到0.6 mm，最小残余应力为171 MPa，降低了约12%。最佳条件对应于部分受限夹紧配置，板厚为4mm，连续单道焊接顺序和自然空气冷却。利用72个基于doe的FEM案例构建了基于集合回归技术的预测模型，并通过实验测量进行验证，以估计响应并对影响参数进行排序。模型得到的挠度R²值为0.93，残余应力R²值为0.94。统计分析和预测分析之间的一致性证实了主导因素。优化框架提供了一种数据驱动的方法来提高焊接结构的完整性，并突出了材料加工和设计中集成模拟和数据分析的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of varying stiffness on the interfacial failure behavior of isotactic polypropylene and porous alumina studied via DPD simulation 通过DPD模拟研究了不同刚度对等规聚丙烯与多孔氧化铝界面破坏行为的影响

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100343

Yoshitake Suganuma, James A. Elliott

This work studies a polymer–metal oxide bonded interface consisting of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and a porous surface, and examines the impact of the stiffness of the polymeric component on the tensile strength of the interface using the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method. Our calculations reveal that an increase in the stiffness of iPP component leads to an increased tensile strength on the porous alumina even in an interfacial failure. The tensile failure mode observed on the porous surface is caused by the slippage of iPP component along the pore walls. An iPP component with a higher Young’s modulus is more resistant to deformation during tensile tests, which makes it difficult for the interfacial stress to reach the critical strain for the slippage, and thus results in an increased tensile strength of the bonded interface.

本文研究了由等规聚丙烯（iPP）和多孔表面组成的聚合物-金属氧化物键合界面，并使用耗散粒子动力学（DPD）方法研究了聚合物组分的刚度对界面抗拉强度的影响。我们的计算表明，即使在界面破坏中，iPP组件刚度的增加也会导致多孔氧化铝的抗拉强度增加。在多孔表面观察到的拉伸破坏模式是由iPP组分沿孔壁滑动引起的。杨氏模量越高的iPP构件在拉伸试验中抗变形能力越强，使得界面应力难以达到导致滑移的临界应变，从而导致粘结界面抗拉强度的提高。

引用次数: 0

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hand-held laser beam welded S700MC high-strength steel 手持式激光束焊接S700MC高强度钢的组织与力学性能

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100359

Johannes Günther , Robert Prowaznik , Daniel Krug , Simon Jahn , Thomas Niendorf , Thomas Wegener

Hand-held laser beam welding (HLBW) has gained attention due to its flexibility, high welding speeds, and excellent joint appearance. Since research on this technique remains limited, the present study provides first insights into HLBW of S700MC high-strength low-alloy steel. Radiographic analysis reveals that joints with a low degree of porosity can be achieved, addressing a major challenge of manual welding. Mechanical characterization by hardness, V-notch impact, and tensile testing demonstrates good performance of the welded structure. The welded joint exhibits a yield strength of 686 MPa and a tensile strength of 778 MPa compared to 775 MPa and 840 MPa of the base material, respectively. Hardness measurements show a reduction from 280 HV0.5 in the base material to ≤ 240 HV0.5 in the fine-grained heat-affected zone, consistent with the observed strength decrease and within the limits of the ER100S-G filler wire. Despite a reduction in fracture elongation from 20 % to ≈ 10 %, the absorbed impact energy reaches 36.5 J, exceeding the value of 30 J being characteristic for the base material, indicating sufficient ductility. Microstructural analysis reveals distinct cementite-free upper and granular bainite, acicular and polygonal ferrite as well as various morphologies of martensite-austenite constituents in the fusion zone and at given distances to the fusion line. A cooling time t_8/₅ ≈ 6 s was determined, to eventually enable quantitative process–microstructure–property correlation. Overall, the study confirms that HLBW enables the production of mechanically sound welds in S700MC, eventually allowing for robust application of this emerging technology for joining of high-strength thermo-mechanical processed mildsteel.

手持式激光束焊接（HLBW）因其灵活、焊接速度快、接头外观好等优点而受到人们的关注。由于对该技术的研究仍然有限，本研究为S700MC高强度低合金钢的HLBW提供了首次见解。射线照相分析表明，可以实现低孔隙度的接头，解决了手工焊接的主要挑战。通过硬度、v形缺口冲击和拉伸试验等力学表征表明，焊接结构具有良好的性能。与母材的775 MPa和840 MPa相比，焊接接头的屈服强度为686 MPa，抗拉强度为778 MPa。硬度测量表明，在细晶热影响区，基材的硬度从280 HV0.5降低到≤240 HV0.5，这与观察到的强度下降一致，并且在ER100S-G填充丝的极限内。尽管断裂伸长率从20%下降到约10%，但吸收的冲击能达到36.5 J，超过了母材的特征值30 J，表明具有足够的延展性。显微组织分析显示，在熔合区和距离熔合线一定距离处存在明显的无渗碳上部贝氏体和粒状贝氏体、针状铁素体和多边形铁素体，以及各种形态的马氏体-奥氏体成分。冷却时间为t1 /5≈6 s，最终实现了工艺-显微组织-性能的定量关联。总体而言，该研究证实，HLBW能够在S700MC中生产机械焊接，最终允许这种新兴技术在高强度热机械加工低碳钢连接方面的强大应用。

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引用次数: 0