This study aims to understand the dynamic evolvement of frames in news media coverage of the Ebola crisis (2014–2015) and their interplay with narratives put forth in press releases from governmental organizations (GOs). An automated content analysis was applied to U.S. newspapers and GOs’ press releases on the Ebola epidemic. Time series analyses illustrate how the scope of frames in news media becomes narrower (decreased diversity) with the presence of immediate and problem-focused crisis frames and wider (increased diversity) with more progressive frames. Additionally, the results imply that a level of shared interpretation (frame alignment) between media and GOs fosters the openness of news media for a variety of frames, which in turn might lead to a communicative shift that eases the crisis atmosphere.
{"title":"Crisis Frame Dynamics: Frame Diversity in News Media and the Role of Governmental Actors","authors":"Fynn Gerken, T. V. D. Meer","doi":"10.30658/jicrcr.2.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/jicrcr.2.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to understand the dynamic evolvement of frames in news media coverage of the Ebola crisis (2014–2015) and their interplay with narratives put forth in press releases from governmental organizations (GOs). An automated content analysis was applied to U.S. newspapers and GOs’ press releases on the Ebola epidemic. Time series analyses illustrate how the scope of frames in news media becomes narrower (decreased diversity) with the presence of immediate and problem-focused crisis frames and wider (increased diversity) with more progressive frames. Additionally, the results imply that a level of shared interpretation (frame alignment) between media and GOs fosters the openness of news media for a variety of frames, which in turn might lead to a communicative shift that eases the crisis atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":34327,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69533769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fear of infectious disease has the potential to damage local economies, disrupt health care delivery systems, and diminish immune functioning, whether or not the risk is objectively high. The appearance of Ebola in the United States offered an opportunity to study the causes of fear in a real-world event. Shortly after the death of the first Ebola patient diagnosed in the United States, survey data were gathered (N = 849) from residents of Dallas and U.S. citizens outside of Texas. Fear was positively associated with age (younger), gender (female), and ethnicity (non-White), but not geographic proximity (Dallas vs. not Dallas). Exposure to Ebola-related information via interpersonal channels (friends/family, acquaintances/coworkers) corresponded with higher levels of fear, but the findings for media channels were more varied, showing positive effects (newspapers/magazines), negative effects (Internet), and null effects (TV/radio). The study provides insight into the personal, interpersonal, and media correlates of fear of Ebola.
{"title":"Personal, Interpersonal, and Media Predictors of Fear of Ebola","authors":"J. Dillard, Chun Yang","doi":"10.30658/jicrcr.2.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/jicrcr.2.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Fear of infectious disease has the potential to damage local economies, disrupt health care delivery systems, and diminish immune functioning, whether or not the risk is objectively high. The appearance of Ebola in the United States offered an opportunity to study the causes of fear in a real-world event. Shortly after the death of the first Ebola patient diagnosed in the United States, survey data were gathered (N = 849) from residents of Dallas and U.S. citizens outside of Texas. Fear was positively associated with age (younger), gender (female), and ethnicity (non-White), but not geographic proximity (Dallas vs. not Dallas). Exposure to Ebola-related information via interpersonal channels (friends/family, acquaintances/coworkers) corresponded with higher levels of fear, but the findings for media channels were more varied, showing positive effects (newspapers/magazines), negative effects (Internet), and null effects (TV/radio). The study provides insight into the personal, interpersonal, and media correlates of fear of Ebola.","PeriodicalId":34327,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69533524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 explosion crisis by analyzing posts on Twitter in three nations: the United States, Australia, and South Korea. Using the perspectives of generic frames, issue-specific frames, cross-national frames, and user sentiment on Twitter, this study analyzes 600 posts (200 from each nation). Results reveal that Twitter posts frequently framed the crisis using attribution, morality, and conflict frames. Posts about the explosion were more professional frame oriented than national frame oriented. Negative sentiment was dominant in Twitter posts about the explosion. Morality, corporate breakdown, and customer concerns were highly associated with negative sentiment. The results demonstrate how global users respond to a corporate crisis. Study implications and suggestions are discussed.
{"title":"Social Media Posts on Samsung Galaxy Note 7 Explosion: A Comparative Analysis of Crisis Framing and Sentiments in Three Nations","authors":"Seok Kang, K. Shim, Jiyoun Kim","doi":"10.30658/jicrcr.2.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/jicrcr.2.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 explosion crisis by analyzing posts on Twitter in three nations: the United States, Australia, and South Korea. Using the perspectives of generic frames, issue-specific frames, cross-national frames, and user sentiment on Twitter, this study analyzes 600 posts (200 from each nation). Results reveal that Twitter posts frequently framed the crisis using attribution, morality, and conflict frames. Posts about the explosion were more professional frame oriented than national frame oriented. Negative sentiment was dominant in Twitter posts about the explosion. Morality, corporate breakdown, and customer concerns were highly associated with negative sentiment. The results demonstrate how global users respond to a corporate crisis. Study implications and suggestions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":34327,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69533720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines stigma from the perspective of residents of Fukushima prefecture following the 2011 nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japan, to better understand effective crisis communication strategies that can mitigate the negative effects of self-stigma and promote sustainable psychosocial recovery. Social cognitive theory was employed to explore cognitive, affective, and behavioral changes faced by Fukushima residents in response to the stigma imposed upon them after the disaster. The study result based on in-depth interviews with residents of Shinchimachi, Fukushima, indicates that affectively, participants experienced a remarkable amount of fear and sadness. Cognitively, they focused on concerns about outsiders’ negative images or misinformation about Fukushima, changed priorities or values, and self-efficacy. Behaviorally, they actively resisted the stigma while strengthening their connections and belonging to their own community. Additionally, residents felt that they were branded as polluted and contagious and attributed the creation of a Fukushima stigma to a lack of full and accurate information as well as mistrust in main information sources, including media and government. This research suggests that developing a more transparent and locally based communication and information system could mitigate the negative effects of self-stigma. Theoretical implications for future research and policy suggestions for crisis communications are discussed.
{"title":"A Multidimensional Analysis of Stigma: Findings from a Qualitative Study of Fukushima Residents Following Japan’s 2011 Nuclear Disaster","authors":"Allison Kwesell, Joo-Young Jung","doi":"10.30658/jicrcr.2.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30658/jicrcr.2.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines stigma from the perspective of residents of Fukushima prefecture following the 2011 nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japan, to better understand effective crisis communication strategies that can mitigate the negative effects of self-stigma and promote sustainable psychosocial recovery. Social cognitive theory was employed to explore cognitive, affective, and behavioral changes faced by Fukushima residents in response to the stigma imposed upon them after the disaster. The study result based on in-depth interviews with residents of Shinchimachi, Fukushima, indicates that affectively, participants experienced a remarkable amount of fear and sadness. Cognitively, they focused on concerns about outsiders’ negative images or misinformation about Fukushima, changed priorities or values, and self-efficacy. Behaviorally, they actively resisted the stigma while strengthening their connections and belonging to their own community. Additionally, residents felt that they were branded as polluted and contagious and attributed the creation of a Fukushima stigma to a lack of full and accurate information as well as mistrust in main information sources, including media and government. This research suggests that developing a more transparent and locally based communication and information system could mitigate the negative effects of self-stigma. Theoretical implications for future research and policy suggestions for crisis communications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":34327,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69533667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.02.01
Muhammad Junaid Ghauri
Recent studies have evidenced that the coverage of Islam and Muslims is widely influenced by the ideological leanings of the newspapers. This paper is set to explore whether the ideological differences of the Australian newspapers are reflected in the coverage of Islam and Muslims during January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017. Employing Van Dijk’s (1998) ideological square and lexicalization approaches within the CDA paradigm this study examined editorials from two leading Australian newspapers. The findings have validated the existence of the ‘political parallelism’ phenomenon in the editorial contents of the selected newspapers representing Islam and Muslims. The findings showed that The Australian, which is a ‘rightist/conservative’ newspaper, toed the line of ‘right-wing’ political parties and politicians such as Ms. Pauline and Mr. Turnbull, portrayed Islam and Muslims in an overwhelmingly negative way, appreciated anti-immigration policies, criticized those who support accepting refugees, highlighted violence in Muslims countries, and collectivized Muslims while commenting on terrorist attacks in the West. On the other hand, The Age, which is a ‘leftist’/‘centre-left’ newspaper, criticized the ‘far-rights’ for appreciating and supporting the ‘rightist/conservative’ policies against Muslims, advocated the ‘leftist/progressive/liberal’ stance, portrayed Islam and Muslims in a positive, supportive and balanced way, and advocated ‘understanding’, ‘harmony’ and ‘cohesion’ in Australia. Keywords: Political parallelism, Representation, Islam, Muslims, Critical discourse analysis, ideological square, lexicalization.
{"title":"‘Political Parallelism’ and the Representation of Islam and Muslims in the Australian Press: A Critical Discourse Analysis","authors":"Muhammad Junaid Ghauri","doi":"10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have evidenced that the coverage of Islam and Muslims is widely influenced by the ideological leanings of the newspapers. This paper is set to explore whether the ideological differences of the Australian newspapers are reflected in the coverage of Islam and Muslims during January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017. Employing Van Dijk’s (1998) ideological square and lexicalization approaches within the CDA paradigm this study examined editorials from two leading Australian newspapers. The findings have validated the existence of the ‘political parallelism’ phenomenon in the editorial contents of the selected newspapers representing Islam and Muslims. The findings showed that The Australian, which is a ‘rightist/conservative’ newspaper, toed the line of ‘right-wing’ political parties and politicians such as Ms. Pauline and Mr. Turnbull, portrayed Islam and Muslims in an overwhelmingly negative way, appreciated anti-immigration policies, criticized those who support accepting refugees, highlighted violence in Muslims countries, and collectivized Muslims while commenting on terrorist attacks in the West. On the other hand, The Age, which is a ‘leftist’/‘centre-left’ newspaper, criticized the ‘far-rights’ for appreciating and supporting the ‘rightist/conservative’ policies against Muslims, advocated the ‘leftist/progressive/liberal’ stance, portrayed Islam and Muslims in a positive, supportive and balanced way, and advocated ‘understanding’, ‘harmony’ and ‘cohesion’ in Australia. Keywords: Political parallelism, Representation, Islam, Muslims, Critical discourse analysis, ideological square, lexicalization.","PeriodicalId":34327,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86523131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.02.03
Kamran Azam
This study is mainly concerned to assess the role of Risk Communication in Earthquake Vulnerability and its impacts on Building Resilience in District Bagh Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Disaster resilience is gaining attention from all over the world. More specifically, seismic resilience in buildings is of prime concern among governmental bodies of developed as well as developing countries. This is partially due to the fact that the collapsing of vulnerable structures contribute to a great proportion of the number of fatalities in the wake of increasing Seismicity. Secondly, the recurrence of earthquakes on a global scale is increasing with increase in its magnitude. This study was focused to assess the impact and role of risk communication in earthquake vulnerability in district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir in enhancing resilience of residential buildings and also its moderating role between Earthquake Vulnerability and resilience of residential buildings in study area. In fact there is great gape; people in the vulnerable areas do not get required information about various hazards. For this study District Bagh of Azad Jammu and Kashmir was selected due to the facts, it suffered a lot during 2005 Earthquake and still it is prone to more damages due to lack of implementation of building codes and requisite information on the vulnerability. An exploratory type of study has been conducted. For pilot study 50 respondents were approached for collection of data with the help of questionnaires in different areas of District Bagh. Findings of the pilot study along with recommendations for policy makers, managers and target readers have been given in detail. Contribution to the body of knowledge and future call is also jotted down. If people are educated well about various hazards they can reduce the vulnerability to a great extent. Nevertheless, through better integration of risk communication means and enhancing level of awareness would prove instrumental in overcoming the lapses Keywords: Risk communication, Earthquake vulnerability and Resilience.
{"title":"Risk Communication in Earthquake Vulnerability in District Bagh, Azad Jammu And Kashmir: Review of Literature and Pilot Study","authors":"Kamran Azam","doi":"10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"This study is mainly concerned to assess the role of Risk Communication in Earthquake Vulnerability and its impacts on Building Resilience in District Bagh Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Disaster resilience is gaining attention from all over the world. More specifically, seismic resilience in buildings is of prime concern among governmental bodies of developed as well as developing countries. This is partially due to the fact that the collapsing of vulnerable structures contribute to a great proportion of the number of fatalities in the wake of increasing Seismicity. Secondly, the recurrence of earthquakes on a global scale is increasing with increase in its magnitude. This study was focused to assess the impact and role of risk communication in earthquake vulnerability in district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir in enhancing resilience of residential buildings and also its moderating role between Earthquake Vulnerability and resilience of residential buildings in study area. In fact there is great gape; people in the vulnerable areas do not get required information about various hazards. For this study District Bagh of Azad Jammu and Kashmir was selected due to the facts, it suffered a lot during 2005 Earthquake and still it is prone to more damages due to lack of implementation of building codes and requisite information on the vulnerability. An exploratory type of study has been conducted. For pilot study 50 respondents were approached for collection of data with the help of questionnaires in different areas of District Bagh. Findings of the pilot study along with recommendations for policy makers, managers and target readers have been given in detail. Contribution to the body of knowledge and future call is also jotted down. If people are educated well about various hazards they can reduce the vulnerability to a great extent. Nevertheless, through better integration of risk communication means and enhancing level of awareness would prove instrumental in overcoming the lapses Keywords: Risk communication, Earthquake vulnerability and Resilience.","PeriodicalId":34327,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85958656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.02.02
Sheikh Gh. Waleed Rasool, Saadia Anwar Pasha
The study critically examines Indian approach to use media as a key tool to demonize mass resistance movement in Jammu and Kashmir. Referring to different phases of the movement in Kashmir – 1947, 1965, 1971, 1987, 2000 and 2010 – it argues that India has employed media as a tool to portray Kashmir movement as an instigated one and those who run and support it are mere miscreants and violence mongers. While dubbing the uprising in Kashmir as terrorism, Indian media went overboard to justify massive killings and violations of human rights by the armed forces under the guise of different laws and, to a great extent, succeeded in hoodwinking the attention of international community and human rights organizations from the real situation on the ground. The findings of this study captured six frames of self-determination movement in electical dialecticism theoretical prism. The study sets the course of the line for investigators to study media effects. Keywords: Media in occupation, Peace and state terrorism, Elite media, Media ethics, Dispute, Resolution, Media hype, Democracy, Plebiscite.
{"title":"Deconstructing Indian Media Strategy to Demonize Kashmir Movement","authors":"Sheikh Gh. Waleed Rasool, Saadia Anwar Pasha","doi":"10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"The study critically examines Indian approach to use media as a key tool to demonize mass resistance movement in Jammu and Kashmir. Referring to different phases of the movement in Kashmir – 1947, 1965, 1971, 1987, 2000 and 2010 – it argues that India has employed media as a tool to portray Kashmir movement as an instigated one and those who run and support it are mere miscreants and violence mongers. While dubbing the uprising in Kashmir as terrorism, Indian media went overboard to justify massive killings and violations of human rights by the armed forces under the guise of different laws and, to a great extent, succeeded in hoodwinking the attention of international community and human rights organizations from the real situation on the ground. The findings of this study captured six frames of self-determination movement in electical dialecticism theoretical prism. The study sets the course of the line for investigators to study media effects. Keywords: Media in occupation, Peace and state terrorism, Elite media, Media ethics, Dispute, Resolution, Media hype, Democracy, Plebiscite.","PeriodicalId":34327,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80255402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.01.1
G. Ahamer
This article presents a theoretical description highlighting how consensus can constructed to avoid international crises. Perspectives onto reality are the elemental units of our world. They are changed through learning processes. Societal learning can enlarge and approximate spaces of understanding. Social spaces are a type of “social capital”. Design of learning procedures refers to the design of structures in time, space and in the space of opinions that facilitates multi-perspectivist and multidisciplinary understanding of involved stakeholders. In a series of cases for learning settings, especially dialogic intercultural learning is identified as a key path to a harmonious development of nations. The following section of this case dwells on several cases of cooperative learning through dialogue: the UniNet network in Kyrgyzstan and Nepal, Global Studies, the ESD forum, the Environmental Systems Analysis Curriculum USW, and the European Union Twinning tool applied in Slovakia, Slovenia, Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. Keywords: Perspectives, Constructivist, Consensus, Approximation, Training, Twinning, Interdisciplinary, Intercultural.
{"title":"Preventing International Crises through Consensus Projects","authors":"G. Ahamer","doi":"10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a theoretical description highlighting how consensus can constructed to avoid international crises. Perspectives onto reality are the elemental units of our world. They are changed through learning processes. Societal learning can enlarge and approximate spaces of understanding. Social spaces are a type of “social capital”. Design of learning procedures refers to the design of structures in time, space and in the space of opinions that facilitates multi-perspectivist and multidisciplinary understanding of involved stakeholders. In a series of cases for learning settings, especially dialogic intercultural learning is identified as a key path to a harmonious development of nations. The following section of this case dwells on several cases of cooperative learning through dialogue: the UniNet network in Kyrgyzstan and Nepal, Global Studies, the ESD forum, the Environmental Systems Analysis Curriculum USW, and the European Union Twinning tool applied in Slovakia, Slovenia, Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. Keywords: Perspectives, Constructivist, Consensus, Approximation, Training, Twinning, Interdisciplinary, Intercultural.","PeriodicalId":34327,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81112117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.01.2
A. Munawar
This study examines coverage patterns of the killing of Burhan Muzaffar Wani in two leading English dailies of Pakistan and India from July 2016 to December 2016. The killing of Wani, a commander of Hizbul Mujahideen, in an encounter by the Indian security forces on July 8, 2016, led to large-scale protests in the Indian-held Kashmir and military confrontations over the line of control between the two nuclear-armed South Asian neighbors and claims of surgical strikes against Pakistan by India. The theoretical framework for this research was determined by framing theory, while the sample was selected by applying census sampling. The findings, based on a quantitative content analysis of selected editorials of The Times of India and The News International, show that the two newspapers did not present the ground reality as it is, but reconstructed it according to their agendas and represented it by framing events. The patriotic and hostile attitude of the media of both countries results in the obstruction of peace process and endorses a wave of tension, which often leads to heightened tension and war hysteria between the two countries. Consistent with the existing scholarship on peace journalism, the findings of this study also show how the news media surrender impartiality and cover the events in view of their country’s national interests and foreign policy. Keywords: Framing, conflict communication, Kashmir dispute, Burhan Wani, Kashmir freedom movement, crisis communication.
本研究调查了2016年7月至2016年12月期间巴基斯坦和印度两家主要英文日报对Burhan Muzaffar Wani被杀事件的报道模式。2016年7月8日，印度安全部队在一次遭遇中击毙了伊斯兰圣战者组织(Hizbul Mujahideen)的指挥官瓦尼，引发了印控克什米尔地区的大规模抗议活动，以及两个南亚核武邻国之间围绕控制线的军事对抗，以及印度声称对巴基斯坦进行外科手术式打击。本研究的理论框架由框架理论确定，样本选择采用普查抽样。这些发现是基于对《印度时报》和《新闻国际》精选社论的定量内容分析，结果显示，这两家报纸并没有真实地呈现现实，而是根据自己的议程重构现实，并通过构建事件来表现现实。两国媒体的爱国和敌对态度阻碍了和平进程，助长了一波紧张局势，这往往导致两国之间的紧张局势加剧和战争歇斯底里。与现有的关于和平新闻的学术研究一致，本研究的结果也显示了新闻媒体如何放弃公正性，并从其国家利益和外交政策的角度报道事件。关键词:框架，冲突传播，克什米尔争端，Burhan Wani，克什米尔自由运动，危机传播
{"title":"Editorial Treatment of Burhan Wani Killing: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and India Press","authors":"A. Munawar","doi":"10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines coverage patterns of the killing of Burhan Muzaffar Wani in two leading English dailies of Pakistan and India from July 2016 to December 2016. The killing of Wani, a commander of Hizbul Mujahideen, in an encounter by the Indian security forces on July 8, 2016, led to large-scale protests in the Indian-held Kashmir and military confrontations over the line of control between the two nuclear-armed South Asian neighbors and claims of surgical strikes against Pakistan by India. The theoretical framework for this research was determined by framing theory, while the sample was selected by applying census sampling. The findings, based on a quantitative content analysis of selected editorials of The Times of India and The News International, show that the two newspapers did not present the ground reality as it is, but reconstructed it according to their agendas and represented it by framing events. The patriotic and hostile attitude of the media of both countries results in the obstruction of peace process and endorses a wave of tension, which often leads to heightened tension and war hysteria between the two countries. Consistent with the existing scholarship on peace journalism, the findings of this study also show how the news media surrender impartiality and cover the events in view of their country’s national interests and foreign policy. Keywords: Framing, conflict communication, Kashmir dispute, Burhan Wani, Kashmir freedom movement, crisis communication.","PeriodicalId":34327,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84678175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.01.3
Haydar Badawi Sadig
This paper is based on the central thesis that Al Jazeera is the core of the current Gulf crisis, not terrorism or any other issue of concern to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of Bahrain and Egypt. The regimes of these countries seem to have realized that public awareness, through socially responsible media enterprises, such as Al Jazeera, will change the political dynamics in the region (to the detriment of the ruling elites). The paper will trace back the impact of Al Jazeera during the Arab Spring in brief. Subsequently, it will discuss the socioeconomic conditions that preceded Al Jazeera’s contribution to the Arab Spring. It will then discuss the role of Al Jazeera in showing and magnifying news stories untouched by any Arab media prior to the advent of this medium. Al Jazeera claims to be “the voice of the voiceless!” While Al Jazeera doesn’t give voice to “all” the voiceless, we believe this claim to be largely true, as it was clearly proven during the Arab Spring. Al Jazeera has been a powerful voice to many of the voiceless and a platform for transformative change. It has reported on the socio-economic miseries of Tunisians and helped spark the revolution in Tunisia after Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire in protest. Al Jazeera has been doing the same about Egypt as its socio-political crises deepens. It has been reporting about the economic miseries of the Egyptians, which earned the ire of the regime in Cairo. Hence the behind the scenes role of Egypt in orchestrating the current Gulf crisis. (A quick discourse analysis of Al Sisi’s address during the American Islamic summit in Riyadh of late makes it clear that Qatar was its main target. And, Al Jazeera is the main target within this target.) The paper will also discuss, in brief, the broader impact of Al Jazeera on reconstructing not only the Gulf and regional political dynamics, but also its impact on redefining global communication ethics. The paper will use discourse and framing analyses of Al Jazeera content to prove its main thesis. Keywords: Al Jazeera, Arab Gulf, Qatar Blockade, Arab Spring, Networked Journalism, Public Diplomacy
{"title":"In the Heart of the Storm: How Al Jazeera is Contributing to Changing the Gulf and the World","authors":"Haydar Badawi Sadig","doi":"10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31907/2617-121x.2018.02.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is based on the central thesis that Al Jazeera is the core of the current Gulf crisis, not terrorism or any other issue of concern to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of Bahrain and Egypt. The regimes of these countries seem to have realized that public awareness, through socially responsible media enterprises, such as Al Jazeera, will change the political dynamics in the region (to the detriment of the ruling elites). The paper will trace back the impact of Al Jazeera during the Arab Spring in brief. Subsequently, it will discuss the socioeconomic conditions that preceded Al Jazeera’s contribution to the Arab Spring. It will then discuss the role of Al Jazeera in showing and magnifying news stories untouched by any Arab media prior to the advent of this medium. Al Jazeera claims to be “the voice of the voiceless!” While Al Jazeera doesn’t give voice to “all” the voiceless, we believe this claim to be largely true, as it was clearly proven during the Arab Spring. Al Jazeera has been a powerful voice to many of the voiceless and a platform for transformative change. It has reported on the socio-economic miseries of Tunisians and helped spark the revolution in Tunisia after Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire in protest. Al Jazeera has been doing the same about Egypt as its socio-political crises deepens. It has been reporting about the economic miseries of the Egyptians, which earned the ire of the regime in Cairo. Hence the behind the scenes role of Egypt in orchestrating the current Gulf crisis. (A quick discourse analysis of Al Sisi’s address during the American Islamic summit in Riyadh of late makes it clear that Qatar was its main target. And, Al Jazeera is the main target within this target.) The paper will also discuss, in brief, the broader impact of Al Jazeera on reconstructing not only the Gulf and regional political dynamics, but also its impact on redefining global communication ethics. The paper will use discourse and framing analyses of Al Jazeera content to prove its main thesis. Keywords: Al Jazeera, Arab Gulf, Qatar Blockade, Arab Spring, Networked Journalism, Public Diplomacy","PeriodicalId":34327,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80434274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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