Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-242-249
A. Kryazhev, A. Novikov
The purpose of the research is to determine infection rate and oocyst isolation degree followed by identification of taxa of Cryptosporidium species in piglets of different age groups using the latest molecular genetic methods, on private farms in the Vologda Region of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. These studies were performed in the Russian Federation for the first time. The research was performed on private pig farms located in the Vologda Region of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation from January to September 2022. Feces were taken from piglets of different age groups, namely, sucklings under the age of 1 month, weaners (1–3 months), feeder pigs (4 months and older), as well as from milking sows. Age groups were formed taking into consideration technological parameters of keeping animals on farms. Using microscopic research methods, “positive” samples were detected in which Cryptosporidium oocysts were found, and the number of oocysts was determined. Subsequently, the samples were studied using the equipment of the resource center «Genomic Technologies, Proteomics and Cell Biology» of ARRIAM. Cryptosporidium species were identified in samples of animal feces using high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA gene fragment amplicon libraries as obtained by nested PCR.Results and discussion. Cryptosporidium species were identified in each studied age group both in the animal’s presenting indigestion and the animals without any clinical sign of the disease. The average cryptosporidium infection rate was 32.4% in the animals on private farms. The most infected with cryptosporidium oocysts were feeder pigs aged 4–6 months (72%). As a result of sequencing of 18S rRNA gene fragment amplicon libraries obtained using selected primers and subsequent taxonomic analysis of the resulting nucleotide sequences, it was shown that only representatives of the Cryptosporidium scrofarum species were present in all the studied samples.
{"title":"Molecular diagnostics of Cryptosporidium species in pigs on private farms in the Vologda Region of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation","authors":"A. Kryazhev, A. Novikov","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-242-249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-242-249","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to determine infection rate and oocyst isolation degree followed by identification of taxa of Cryptosporidium species in piglets of different age groups using the latest molecular genetic methods, on private farms in the Vologda Region of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. These studies were performed in the Russian Federation for the first time. The research was performed on private pig farms located in the Vologda Region of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation from January to September 2022. Feces were taken from piglets of different age groups, namely, sucklings under the age of 1 month, weaners (1–3 months), feeder pigs (4 months and older), as well as from milking sows. Age groups were formed taking into consideration technological parameters of keeping animals on farms. Using microscopic research methods, “positive” samples were detected in which Cryptosporidium oocysts were found, and the number of oocysts was determined. Subsequently, the samples were studied using the equipment of the resource center «Genomic Technologies, Proteomics and Cell Biology» of ARRIAM. Cryptosporidium species were identified in samples of animal feces using high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA gene fragment amplicon libraries as obtained by nested PCR.Results and discussion. Cryptosporidium species were identified in each studied age group both in the animal’s presenting indigestion and the animals without any clinical sign of the disease. The average cryptosporidium infection rate was 32.4% in the animals on private farms. The most infected with cryptosporidium oocysts were feeder pigs aged 4–6 months (72%). As a result of sequencing of 18S rRNA gene fragment amplicon libraries obtained using selected primers and subsequent taxonomic analysis of the resulting nucleotide sequences, it was shown that only representatives of the Cryptosporidium scrofarum species were present in all the studied samples.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41820638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-229-235
L. Kokolova, L. Y. Gavrileva, I. Okhlopkov
The purpose of the research is to study of infection of white foxes (Alopex lagopus) with alveococcosis in the Arctic zone of Yakutia and to perform molecular genetic study of Alveococcus multilocularis.Materials and methods. To determine the Alveococcus infection in the Arctic fox in the Arctic zone of Yakutia, 19 specimens were studied in 2018, 27 specimens in 2019, 51 specimens in 2020 and 119 specimens in 2021 by complete and partial dissections of the gastrointestinal tract, other organs and tissues. The species identification of detected helminths was performed using the Identification Guide of Helminths in Carnivorous Mammals in the USSR (D. P. Kozlov, 1977). The collected helminths were fixed in 70% alcohol. Nineteen samples were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine A. multilocularis isolates.Results and discussion. In the Russian Federation, A. multilocularis is widespread in Yakutia, Chukotka, Magadan Region, Krasnoyarsk, Altai, and Khabarovsk Territories, and other regions. In the Arctic zone, Arctic foxes are 100% infected with A. multilocularis. The parasite circulates among wild animals, mainly polar foxes and Arctic lemmings (Dicrostonyx torquatus Pallas, 1778). Agricultural and wild ungulates become infected by ingesting parasite eggs, and dogs become infected by eating organs and tissues affected by multilocular alveococcosis. There is a risk of transmission of A. multilocularis to humans. A person becomes infected in processing the skins of arctic foxes obtained in hunting, and through contact with infected domestic carnivores. An increase in white fox populations and in their infection rate including A. multilocularis was found in the tundra zone. In the Arctic zone of Yakutia, A. multilocularis form that was close to the North American N1 strain was found.
本研究的目的是研究雅库特北极地区白狐(Alopex lagopus)感染肺泡球菌的情况，并对多房肺泡球菌进行分子遗传学研究。材料和方法。为了确定雅库特北极地区北极狐的肺泡球菌感染情况，2018年研究了19例，2019年研究了27例，2020年研究了51例，2021年研究了119例，分别对胃肠道和其他器官组织进行了完整和部分解剖。检测到的蠕虫种类鉴定采用《苏联食肉哺乳动物蠕虫鉴定指南》(D. P. Kozlov, 1977)。将收集的蠕虫固定在70%的酒精中。采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对19份样品进行分离鉴定。结果和讨论。在俄罗斯联邦，A. multilocularis广泛分布于雅库特、楚科奇、马加丹地区、克拉斯诺亚尔斯克、阿尔泰和哈巴罗夫斯克地区以及其他地区。在北极地区，北极狐100%感染了多房盲蝽。这种寄生虫在野生动物中传播，主要是北极狐和北极旅鼠(Dicrostonyx torquatus Pallas, 1778)。农业和野生有蹄类动物因摄入寄生虫卵而感染，狗因食用受多房肺泡球菌病影响的器官和组织而感染。存在多房假体向人类传播的风险。一个人在加工狩猎得来的北极狐皮以及与受感染的家养食肉动物接触时被感染。冻土带白狐种群数量和感染率均有所增加，其中多房白狐感染率较高。在雅库特的北极地区，发现了与北美N1菌株接近的多房拟南蝽。
{"title":"Alveococcus multilocularis in the Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) in the Arctic zone of Yakutia","authors":"L. Kokolova, L. Y. Gavrileva, I. Okhlopkov","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-229-235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-229-235","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to study of infection of white foxes (Alopex lagopus) with alveococcosis in the Arctic zone of Yakutia and to perform molecular genetic study of Alveococcus multilocularis.Materials and methods. To determine the Alveococcus infection in the Arctic fox in the Arctic zone of Yakutia, 19 specimens were studied in 2018, 27 specimens in 2019, 51 specimens in 2020 and 119 specimens in 2021 by complete and partial dissections of the gastrointestinal tract, other organs and tissues. The species identification of detected helminths was performed using the Identification Guide of Helminths in Carnivorous Mammals in the USSR (D. P. Kozlov, 1977). The collected helminths were fixed in 70% alcohol. Nineteen samples were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine A. multilocularis isolates.Results and discussion. In the Russian Federation, A. multilocularis is widespread in Yakutia, Chukotka, Magadan Region, Krasnoyarsk, Altai, and Khabarovsk Territories, and other regions. In the Arctic zone, Arctic foxes are 100% infected with A. multilocularis. The parasite circulates among wild animals, mainly polar foxes and Arctic lemmings (Dicrostonyx torquatus Pallas, 1778). Agricultural and wild ungulates become infected by ingesting parasite eggs, and dogs become infected by eating organs and tissues affected by multilocular alveococcosis. There is a risk of transmission of A. multilocularis to humans. A person becomes infected in processing the skins of arctic foxes obtained in hunting, and through contact with infected domestic carnivores. An increase in white fox populations and in their infection rate including A. multilocularis was found in the tundra zone. In the Arctic zone of Yakutia, A. multilocularis form that was close to the North American N1 strain was found.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48391237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-198-205
I. Kravchenko, M. Musaev, E. S. Ankudinova
The purpose of the research is to study the infection of diurnal birds of prey of the order Falconiformes with helminths and to determine the helminth species composition by the example of the Noyev Kovcheg Conservation Nature’s Nursery in the Altai Territory.Materials and methods. We studied diurnal birds of prey of the order Falconiformes for helminthosis in the Altai Territory, in the Noyev Kovcheg Conservation Nature’s Nursery, in 2022. For the parasitological study of birds, we used laboratory methods of helminthocoprological studies: helminthoovoscopy and helminthoscopy. Species identification was determined by characteristic morphological features of helminth eggs, larvae and fragments. To assess the infeсtion with certain types of helminths, we used standard indicators for parasitological research, namely, infection prevalence and infection intensity amplitude.Results and discussion. In 58 studied diurnal birds of prey of the order Falconiformes, 8 helminth species were identified of which 6 nematode species, namely, Ascaridia galli, Tetrameres sobolevi, Capillaria caudinflata, Heterakis gallinarum, Trichostrongylus spp., and Singamus trachea; 1 trematode species, Strigea spp.; and 1 cestode species, Raillietina echinobothrida. These species occurred throughout all seasons of 2022.
{"title":"Helminth fauna in diurnal birds of prey of the order Falconiformes","authors":"I. Kravchenko, M. Musaev, E. S. Ankudinova","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-198-205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-198-205","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to study the infection of diurnal birds of prey of the order Falconiformes with helminths and to determine the helminth species composition by the example of the Noyev Kovcheg Conservation Nature’s Nursery in the Altai Territory.Materials and methods. We studied diurnal birds of prey of the order Falconiformes for helminthosis in the Altai Territory, in the Noyev Kovcheg Conservation Nature’s Nursery, in 2022. For the parasitological study of birds, we used laboratory methods of helminthocoprological studies: helminthoovoscopy and helminthoscopy. Species identification was determined by characteristic morphological features of helminth eggs, larvae and fragments. To assess the infeсtion with certain types of helminths, we used standard indicators for parasitological research, namely, infection prevalence and infection intensity amplitude.Results and discussion. In 58 studied diurnal birds of prey of the order Falconiformes, 8 helminth species were identified of which 6 nematode species, namely, Ascaridia galli, Tetrameres sobolevi, Capillaria caudinflata, Heterakis gallinarum, Trichostrongylus spp., and Singamus trachea; 1 trematode species, Strigea spp.; and 1 cestode species, Raillietina echinobothrida. These species occurred throughout all seasons of 2022.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43971477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-214-223
L. Glazunova, Y. Glazunov
The purpose of the research is to analyze literature data on epizootology, morphology and biology of Thelazia callipaeda, and on clinical signs of thelaziosis.Thelaziosis caused by Th. callipaeda is widespread and not limited to Southeast Asian countries. At the end of the last century, autochtonous infection cases of thelaziosis were noted in Italy, and later the disease was recorded in France, Switzerland, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Portugal, Romania, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Slovakia, Serbia, Turkey, Hungary, Moldova, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland, etc. Cases of thelaziosis recorded in the United States of America and the Russian Federation were most likely allochthonous and imported from contaminated areas. In Russia, canine thelaziosis was recorded in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Tyumen. It was found that definitive hosts of Th. callipaeda were not only cats, dogs or humans, but also many species of wild animals, namely, gray wolf, red fox, pine marten, hare, wild cat, Iberian wolf, European grey rabbit, beech marten, pine marten, golden jackal, European badger and brown bear. The prevalence of Thelazia infection among populations of wild animals reached 38.1%. The maximum number of helminths found in one animal was 96 specimens. In the life cycle of Th. callipaeda, males of the fruit fly Phortica variegata and Ph. okadai, which can keep Thelazia larvae in their bodies for up to 180 days are involved. Phylogenetic analysis of the cox1 gene showed that Th. callipaeda isolated from diseased animals in different countries belonged to haplotype-1, which was common in Europe.
{"title":"Thelaziosis caused by Thelazia callipaeda Railliet et Henry, 1910 (literature review)","authors":"L. Glazunova, Y. Glazunov","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-214-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-2-214-223","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to analyze literature data on epizootology, morphology and biology of Thelazia callipaeda, and on clinical signs of thelaziosis.Thelaziosis caused by Th. callipaeda is widespread and not limited to Southeast Asian countries. At the end of the last century, autochtonous infection cases of thelaziosis were noted in Italy, and later the disease was recorded in France, Switzerland, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Portugal, Romania, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Slovakia, Serbia, Turkey, Hungary, Moldova, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland, etc. Cases of thelaziosis recorded in the United States of America and the Russian Federation were most likely allochthonous and imported from contaminated areas. In Russia, canine thelaziosis was recorded in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Tyumen. It was found that definitive hosts of Th. callipaeda were not only cats, dogs or humans, but also many species of wild animals, namely, gray wolf, red fox, pine marten, hare, wild cat, Iberian wolf, European grey rabbit, beech marten, pine marten, golden jackal, European badger and brown bear. The prevalence of Thelazia infection among populations of wild animals reached 38.1%. The maximum number of helminths found in one animal was 96 specimens. In the life cycle of Th. callipaeda, males of the fruit fly Phortica variegata and Ph. okadai, which can keep Thelazia larvae in their bodies for up to 180 days are involved. Phylogenetic analysis of the cox1 gene showed that Th. callipaeda isolated from diseased animals in different countries belonged to haplotype-1, which was common in Europe.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42734169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-163-169
M. Khalikov
The purpose of the research is to study solubility of triclabendazole-based (TCB) solid dispersions (SD) and polymers obtained under optimal conditions of mechanochemical technology; and to confirm chemical stability of a TCB substance by the HPLC method both during its SD preparation and their storage.Materials and methods. The research used a TCB substance, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), arabinogalactan (AG), and licorice extract (LE) that contained 25% glycyrrhizinic acid (GA). For machining, the initial components were taken in a 1 : 9 weight ratio and machined in an LE-101 drum mill on rolls with a drum rotating at a speed of 55–60 rpm with a 1 : 17 process module for 1 to 6 hours with sampling to evaluate the TCB solubility and stability. The TCB sample solubility and its stability were evaluated in these samples by HPLC.Results and discussion. The machining of the TCB substance with selected polymers obtained the corresponding SDs of the following compositions: TCB : PVP (1 : 9), TCB : AG (1 : 9), TCB : PVP : AG (1 : 4.5 : 4.5) and TCB : LE (1 : 9), which were free-flowing powders with enhanced solubility for TCB (up to 34). The evaluation of previously obtained samples of TCB SDs showed that the solubility decreased slightly over time. For example, a decrease in solubility for TCB : AG (1 : 9) was observed from 10 to 8 (the sample after 2 h of machining) and from 23 to 18 (the sample after 4 h of machining). The chemical stability was observed of the TCB substance in its SD samples obtained earlier.
{"title":"Solubility of triclabendazole as a factor determining the activity of its solid dispersions with polymers","authors":"M. Khalikov","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-163-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-163-169","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to study solubility of triclabendazole-based (TCB) solid dispersions (SD) and polymers obtained under optimal conditions of mechanochemical technology; and to confirm chemical stability of a TCB substance by the HPLC method both during its SD preparation and their storage.Materials and methods. The research used a TCB substance, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), arabinogalactan (AG), and licorice extract (LE) that contained 25% glycyrrhizinic acid (GA). For machining, the initial components were taken in a 1 : 9 weight ratio and machined in an LE-101 drum mill on rolls with a drum rotating at a speed of 55–60 rpm with a 1 : 17 process module for 1 to 6 hours with sampling to evaluate the TCB solubility and stability. The TCB sample solubility and its stability were evaluated in these samples by HPLC.Results and discussion. The machining of the TCB substance with selected polymers obtained the corresponding SDs of the following compositions: TCB : PVP (1 : 9), TCB : AG (1 : 9), TCB : PVP : AG (1 : 4.5 : 4.5) and TCB : LE (1 : 9), which were free-flowing powders with enhanced solubility for TCB (up to 34). The evaluation of previously obtained samples of TCB SDs showed that the solubility decreased slightly over time. For example, a decrease in solubility for TCB : AG (1 : 9) was observed from 10 to 8 (the sample after 2 h of machining) and from 23 to 18 (the sample after 4 h of machining). The chemical stability was observed of the TCB substance in its SD samples obtained earlier.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45533558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-151-162
D. Polukhina, O. Panova, O. Kurnosova, N. B. Emelyanova, N. Sysoeva, A. Khrustalev, L. I. Kachurina
The purpose of the research is to test different dehelminthization schemes of laboratory rats infected with cestodes Rodentolepis nana and nematodes Syphacia muris and evaluate the significance of combined environment disinfection measures. The practical experience of eradication (helminth eradication) in animals in a conventional vivarium was described.Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of anthelmintics and administration schemes against cestode and nematode infections in laboratory rats. In the first experiment, praziquantel was used at a dose of 10 mg/kg to treat rats infected with R. nana. In the second experiment, the comparative efficacy of fenbendazole, albendazole, and pyrantel was evaluated against syphaciosis at the recommended dosages of 20, 10, and 12.5 mg/kg, respectively. Each drug was given orally, individually, twice with an interval of 7 days. The third experiment tested different schemes for treating syphaciosis with fenbendazole. One group of rats was given the drug orally individually using an esophageal tube at a dose of 20 mg/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days. Other groups were given fenbendazole daily with food for 7 days (150 mg fenbendazole per 1 kg of food). In all three experiments, all animals were divided into groups, and their cells underwent a complex of additional disinfection measures, and those kept in cages without disinfection.Results and discussion. Praziquantel showed 100% efficacy at a single dose of 10 mg/kg in R. nana therapy. In animals without additional disinfection procedures, cestode eggs were again recorded starting from day 14 after the drug administration. In the group of animals with disinfection measures, pathogens were not detected during the experiment. Double administration of fenbendazole, albendazole and pyrantel in the recommended dosages against syphaciosis did not result in eradicated nematodes in the animals. The disinfection did not affect the obtained results. Fenbendazole administered daily for 7 days ensured helminth eradication in animals. However, on day 7 after the therapy, Syphacia sp. eggs were again found in the groups that received the drug individually intragastrically through a tube, regardless of whether their cells were disinfected. The animals that received fenbendazole with food and were regularly disinfested remained free from nematodes throughout the experiment until the additional disinfection measures were cancelled. In the absence of disinfection, released helminth eggs were recorded on day 14 after therapy.
{"title":"Experience of eradicating parasites of laboratory rats in conventional vivarium","authors":"D. Polukhina, O. Panova, O. Kurnosova, N. B. Emelyanova, N. Sysoeva, A. Khrustalev, L. I. Kachurina","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-151-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-151-162","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to test different dehelminthization schemes of laboratory rats infected with cestodes Rodentolepis nana and nematodes Syphacia muris and evaluate the significance of combined environment disinfection measures. The practical experience of eradication (helminth eradication) in animals in a conventional vivarium was described.Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of anthelmintics and administration schemes against cestode and nematode infections in laboratory rats. In the first experiment, praziquantel was used at a dose of 10 mg/kg to treat rats infected with R. nana. In the second experiment, the comparative efficacy of fenbendazole, albendazole, and pyrantel was evaluated against syphaciosis at the recommended dosages of 20, 10, and 12.5 mg/kg, respectively. Each drug was given orally, individually, twice with an interval of 7 days. The third experiment tested different schemes for treating syphaciosis with fenbendazole. One group of rats was given the drug orally individually using an esophageal tube at a dose of 20 mg/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days. Other groups were given fenbendazole daily with food for 7 days (150 mg fenbendazole per 1 kg of food). In all three experiments, all animals were divided into groups, and their cells underwent a complex of additional disinfection measures, and those kept in cages without disinfection.Results and discussion. Praziquantel showed 100% efficacy at a single dose of 10 mg/kg in R. nana therapy. In animals without additional disinfection procedures, cestode eggs were again recorded starting from day 14 after the drug administration. In the group of animals with disinfection measures, pathogens were not detected during the experiment. Double administration of fenbendazole, albendazole and pyrantel in the recommended dosages against syphaciosis did not result in eradicated nematodes in the animals. The disinfection did not affect the obtained results. Fenbendazole administered daily for 7 days ensured helminth eradication in animals. However, on day 7 after the therapy, Syphacia sp. eggs were again found in the groups that received the drug individually intragastrically through a tube, regardless of whether their cells were disinfected. The animals that received fenbendazole with food and were regularly disinfested remained free from nematodes throughout the experiment until the additional disinfection measures were cancelled. In the absence of disinfection, released helminth eggs were recorded on day 14 after therapy.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42327815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-142-150
A. I. Varlamova, S. Khalikov, E. Meteleva, V. I. Evseenko, M. Khalikov, I. Arkhipov
The purpose of the research is to study the influence of various technological factors on obtaining of complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics with polyvinylpyrrolidone and licorice extract on anthelmintic efficacy in experimental trichinellosis of white mice.Materials and methods. The study of the nematodocidal activity of complex solid dispersions samples based on fenbendazole (FBZ), fenasal (FNS) and praziquantel (PZQ) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and licorice extract (LE) obtained by mechanochemical technology at different ratios of components and different exposure times was carried out on 130 white mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis in two experiments. On the 3rd day after infection, the animals were divided into experimental groups of 10 animals each. Samples of various complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics were administered intragastrically to the mice of the experimental groups at a dose of 2 mg/kg according to the active substance. FBZ substance was used as the basic drug at a dose of 2 mg/kg according to the active substance. Animals of the control groups did not receive the drugs. The animals were killed by decapitation on the 4th day after experimental drug samples administration, and the activity of the drugs was counted according to the results of helminthological necropsy of the intestine, the efficacy was calculated by the type of control test.Results and discussion. The efficacy of complex solid dispersions of FBZ and FNS with PVP polymer was higher in comparison with the activity of complexes with LE at the same duration of mechanochemical treatment in a roller mill. The FBZ activity decreased from 67.05 to 37.77% with a decrease in the duration of mechanochemical treatment from 24 h to 5 h and the efficacy of the FBZ : FNS complex with LE turned out to be almost at the level of the basic drug when treated for 1 h. The use of mechanochemical technology for obtaining of a solid dispersion of FBZ : FNS with PVP for targeted delivery makes it possible to increase the anthelmintic efficacy by 2.7 times compared with the activity of the FBZ substance, and with LE by 2.2 times. It was noted that complex solid dispersions of PBZ with PZQ have lower biological activity in comparison with compositions of FBZ with FNS.
{"title":"The efficacy of complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics against experimental trichinellosis","authors":"A. I. Varlamova, S. Khalikov, E. Meteleva, V. I. Evseenko, M. Khalikov, I. Arkhipov","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-142-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-142-150","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to study the influence of various technological factors on obtaining of complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics with polyvinylpyrrolidone and licorice extract on anthelmintic efficacy in experimental trichinellosis of white mice.Materials and methods. The study of the nematodocidal activity of complex solid dispersions samples based on fenbendazole (FBZ), fenasal (FNS) and praziquantel (PZQ) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and licorice extract (LE) obtained by mechanochemical technology at different ratios of components and different exposure times was carried out on 130 white mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis in two experiments. On the 3rd day after infection, the animals were divided into experimental groups of 10 animals each. Samples of various complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics were administered intragastrically to the mice of the experimental groups at a dose of 2 mg/kg according to the active substance. FBZ substance was used as the basic drug at a dose of 2 mg/kg according to the active substance. Animals of the control groups did not receive the drugs. The animals were killed by decapitation on the 4th day after experimental drug samples administration, and the activity of the drugs was counted according to the results of helminthological necropsy of the intestine, the efficacy was calculated by the type of control test.Results and discussion. The efficacy of complex solid dispersions of FBZ and FNS with PVP polymer was higher in comparison with the activity of complexes with LE at the same duration of mechanochemical treatment in a roller mill. The FBZ activity decreased from 67.05 to 37.77% with a decrease in the duration of mechanochemical treatment from 24 h to 5 h and the efficacy of the FBZ : FNS complex with LE turned out to be almost at the level of the basic drug when treated for 1 h. The use of mechanochemical technology for obtaining of a solid dispersion of FBZ : FNS with PVP for targeted delivery makes it possible to increase the anthelmintic efficacy by 2.7 times compared with the activity of the FBZ substance, and with LE by 2.2 times. It was noted that complex solid dispersions of PBZ with PZQ have lower biological activity in comparison with compositions of FBZ with FNS.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48715907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-134-141
I. Arkhipov, A. Varlamova, E. O. Kachanova
The purpose of the research is to study the rational terms for the use of anthelmintics in case of gastrointestinal strongylatoses of young cattle in Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The timing of the onset of re-isolation of nematode eggs with feces of cattle after the use of some anthelmintics was determined on 50 black-motley calves weighing 117–130 kg, spontaneously infected with gastrointestinal strongylates. The optimal schemes for the use of anthelmintics in case of gastrointestinal strongylatosis of young cattle were studied on 109 calves of the first year of grazing in the pasture period of 2010. After numbering, the animals were weighed and divided into experimental and control groups. Each group was divided into two subgroups of 15–17 heads. Animals of all groups from May 3 to October 10, 2018 were grazed together in one herd on a pasture where cattle infected with strongylates had previously grazed. Levamisole from the group of imidothiazoles, Alben from the group of benzimidazoles and Aversect-2 from the group of macrocyclic lactones were tested. The drugs were used in therapeutic doses: levamisole at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg by AS intramuscularly, Alben at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg with concentrated feed, and Aversect-2 at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously once. Levamisole was administered to the animals of the first group on the 6th, 10th and 14th weeks of grazing, and to the animals of the second group - on the 6th and 10th weeks of grazing. Alben was used on young cattle of the third group on the 6th, 11th and 16th weeks, and on the animals of the fourth group - on the 6th and 11th weeks of grazing. Aversect-2 was administered to cattle of the fifth group at the 6th, 13th and 20th weeks of grazing, and to the animals of the sixth group – at the 6th and 13th weeks. Animals of the 7th group did not receive the drug and served as control. Fecal samples were taken from animals of all groups on a monthly basis and investigated by a quantitative method in order to detect eggs of gastrointestinal strongylate. The results obtained were statistically processed using the computer program Microsoft Excel.Results and discussion. Tests of drugs for gastrointestinal strongylatoses of young cattle showed different persistence of anthelmintic action. After deworming the animals, single eggs of strongylate in their faeces were again detected 4 weeks after the administration of Levamisole, 5 weeks after the administration of Alben, and 7 weeks after the administration of Aversect-2. The most rational scheme for deworming young cattle with gastrointestinal strongylatoses is the use of Aversect-2 on the 6th and 19th weeks of grazing.
{"title":"Optimal schemes for the use of anthelmintics at gastrointestinal strongylatosis of young cattle","authors":"I. Arkhipov, A. Varlamova, E. O. Kachanova","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-134-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-134-141","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to study the rational terms for the use of anthelmintics in case of gastrointestinal strongylatoses of young cattle in Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The timing of the onset of re-isolation of nematode eggs with feces of cattle after the use of some anthelmintics was determined on 50 black-motley calves weighing 117–130 kg, spontaneously infected with gastrointestinal strongylates. The optimal schemes for the use of anthelmintics in case of gastrointestinal strongylatosis of young cattle were studied on 109 calves of the first year of grazing in the pasture period of 2010. After numbering, the animals were weighed and divided into experimental and control groups. Each group was divided into two subgroups of 15–17 heads. Animals of all groups from May 3 to October 10, 2018 were grazed together in one herd on a pasture where cattle infected with strongylates had previously grazed. Levamisole from the group of imidothiazoles, Alben from the group of benzimidazoles and Aversect-2 from the group of macrocyclic lactones were tested. The drugs were used in therapeutic doses: levamisole at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg by AS intramuscularly, Alben at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg with concentrated feed, and Aversect-2 at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously once. Levamisole was administered to the animals of the first group on the 6th, 10th and 14th weeks of grazing, and to the animals of the second group - on the 6th and 10th weeks of grazing. Alben was used on young cattle of the third group on the 6th, 11th and 16th weeks, and on the animals of the fourth group - on the 6th and 11th weeks of grazing. Aversect-2 was administered to cattle of the fifth group at the 6th, 13th and 20th weeks of grazing, and to the animals of the sixth group – at the 6th and 13th weeks. Animals of the 7th group did not receive the drug and served as control. Fecal samples were taken from animals of all groups on a monthly basis and investigated by a quantitative method in order to detect eggs of gastrointestinal strongylate. The results obtained were statistically processed using the computer program Microsoft Excel.Results and discussion. Tests of drugs for gastrointestinal strongylatoses of young cattle showed different persistence of anthelmintic action. After deworming the animals, single eggs of strongylate in their faeces were again detected 4 weeks after the administration of Levamisole, 5 weeks after the administration of Alben, and 7 weeks after the administration of Aversect-2. The most rational scheme for deworming young cattle with gastrointestinal strongylatoses is the use of Aversect-2 on the 6th and 19th weeks of grazing.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47650051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-124-133
The purpose of the research is studying of Cysticercus tenuicollis protoscolexes extract effects on cell division at different routes of administration to mice and evaluation of the associated negative effects.Materials and methods. C. tenuicollis were obtained from spontaneously infected sheep in Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. C. tenuicollis protoscolexes were washed, crushed and homogenized. Protein extraction was performed with phosphate buffered saline pH 7.2–7.4. C. tenuicollis extract was administered intraperitoneally and intravenously to mice males at the dose level of 80 μg protein/animal. The control group of mice was intravenously injected with 0.1 ml of saline. At hours 3; 6; 24 and 48 post extract administration mice were euthanized. Bone marrow samples were taken from experimental and control mice for preparation of microscopic preparations to assess mitotic activity in a given cell population. The mitotic index was determined, all stages of mitosis were recorded. At the above time points blood samples were taken from mice to determine the main hematological parameters post intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of C. tenuicollis extract. The main hematological parameters of mice were determined using hematological analyzer MicroCC-20 Plus (High Technology, Inc. (USA)); leukocyte formula – by the generally accepted method. Samples of liver, kidneys, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and testes were taken from experimental and control animals for macroscopic and microscopic studies.Results and discussion. C. tenuicollis protoscolices extract leads to inhibition of cell division in the population bone marrow and testes cells in mice when administered intravenously and intraperitoneally at the dose level of 80 μg/animal manifested in accumulation of metaphases and decrease of other stages. At both routes of administration a decrease in leukocyte counts was noted. The observed microscopic changes in testes, spleen and lymph nodes either reflect the consequences of extract antimitotic effect or the immune response to the administration of C. tenuicollis extract.
本研究旨在研究不同给药途径的细囊尾蚴原头节提取物对小鼠细胞分裂的影响，并评价其相关的负面影响。材料和方法。从卡巴尔达-巴尔干共和国自发感染的绵羊中分离到细纹线虫。洗净，粉碎，均质化。用pH 7.2-7.4的磷酸盐缓冲盐水提取蛋白质。以80 μg蛋白/只的剂量水平，分别腹腔和静脉给药雄性小鼠。对照组小鼠静脉注射生理盐水0.1 ml。3小时;6;分别对24和48只给药后小鼠实施安乐死。骨髓样本取自实验小鼠和对照小鼠，用于制备显微镜制剂，以评估给定细胞群中的有丝分裂活性。测定有丝分裂指数，记录有丝分裂的各个阶段。在上述时间点取小鼠血样，测定静脉和腹腔给药后的主要血液学参数。小鼠主要血液学参数采用血液分析仪MicroCC-20 Plus (High Technology, Inc. (USA))测定;白细胞配方-采用普遍接受的方法。取实验动物和对照动物的肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肠系膜淋巴结和睾丸标本进行宏观和微观研究。结果和讨论。以80 μg/只的剂量给药和腹腔给药时，细棘原脊柱提取物均能抑制小鼠群体骨髓和睾丸细胞的细胞分裂，表现为中期细胞的积累和其他阶段细胞的减少。两种给药方式均可观察到白细胞计数的减少。观察到的睾丸、脾脏和淋巴结的微观变化可能反映了提取物抗有丝分裂作用的后果，也可能反映了对细刺草提取物的免疫反应。
{"title":"Antimitotic effects of Cysticercus tenuicollis protoscolexes extract at administration to mice and their negative consequences for organism","authors":"","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-124-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-124-133","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is studying of Cysticercus tenuicollis protoscolexes extract effects on cell division at different routes of administration to mice and evaluation of the associated negative effects.Materials and methods. C. tenuicollis were obtained from spontaneously infected sheep in Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. C. tenuicollis protoscolexes were washed, crushed and homogenized. Protein extraction was performed with phosphate buffered saline pH 7.2–7.4. C. tenuicollis extract was administered intraperitoneally and intravenously to mice males at the dose level of 80 μg protein/animal. The control group of mice was intravenously injected with 0.1 ml of saline. At hours 3; 6; 24 and 48 post extract administration mice were euthanized. Bone marrow samples were taken from experimental and control mice for preparation of microscopic preparations to assess mitotic activity in a given cell population. The mitotic index was determined, all stages of mitosis were recorded. At the above time points blood samples were taken from mice to determine the main hematological parameters post intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of C. tenuicollis extract. The main hematological parameters of mice were determined using hematological analyzer MicroCC-20 Plus (High Technology, Inc. (USA)); leukocyte formula – by the generally accepted method. Samples of liver, kidneys, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and testes were taken from experimental and control animals for macroscopic and microscopic studies.Results and discussion. C. tenuicollis protoscolices extract leads to inhibition of cell division in the population bone marrow and testes cells in mice when administered intravenously and intraperitoneally at the dose level of 80 μg/animal manifested in accumulation of metaphases and decrease of other stages. At both routes of administration a decrease in leukocyte counts was noted. The observed microscopic changes in testes, spleen and lymph nodes either reflect the consequences of extract antimitotic effect or the immune response to the administration of C. tenuicollis extract.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44479422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-105-113
V. V. Zashchepkina, M. Musaev
The purpose of the research is to detect long-term effects of repeated oral administration of supramolecular complex of ivermectin Aniverm-2.0% on the postnatal development of rat offspring.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted on 16 white pregnant rats that were divided into two experimental and one control groups. The animals were kept under standard conditions of keeping and feeding. The supramolecular complex of ivermectin Aniverm-2.0% was administered to pregnant female rats (n = 6) of group 1 in the form of a suspension using an intragastric tube daily for 7 days at a dose of 15 mg/kg, and group 2 was given the substance of ivermectin (n = 5) at a dose of 8.25 mg/kg. The control female rats (n = 5) were administered 1 mL of distilled water during the experiment. The experimental pregnant females were left until delivery, and then, the development of their offspring was monitored for 45 days. After rat pups were born, the following were recorded: pregnancy duration, litter size, dynamics of weight gain in the rat pups for 21 days, postnatal death during the first 30 days, the ratio of males and females in the litter, periods of eye opening, incisor eruption, detachment of the auricle, appearance of hair coat, descent of testicles, and opening of the vagina. Then we assessed the maturation rate of sensory-motor reflexes in the offspring obtained from the experimental and control groups, the emotional motor behavior and ability for fine coordination of movements in the offspring, and conducted the open field-2 test on day 45 after birth.Results and discussion. No negative effect was detected for supramolecular complex of ivermectin Aniverm-2.0% on the parameters of physiological development of the offspring of the experimental rats within 45 days after birth. The dynamics of their mass, developmental parameters, and formation of motor reflexes during the feeding period remained within the normal values. Developmental indicators of sensory motor reflexes in the control and experimental rat pups had no statistically significant differences.
{"title":"Effect evaluation of supramolecular complex of ivermectin Aniverm-2.0% on postnatal development of rat offspring","authors":"V. V. Zashchepkina, M. Musaev","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-105-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-1-105-113","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to detect long-term effects of repeated oral administration of supramolecular complex of ivermectin Aniverm-2.0% on the postnatal development of rat offspring.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted on 16 white pregnant rats that were divided into two experimental and one control groups. The animals were kept under standard conditions of keeping and feeding. The supramolecular complex of ivermectin Aniverm-2.0% was administered to pregnant female rats (n = 6) of group 1 in the form of a suspension using an intragastric tube daily for 7 days at a dose of 15 mg/kg, and group 2 was given the substance of ivermectin (n = 5) at a dose of 8.25 mg/kg. The control female rats (n = 5) were administered 1 mL of distilled water during the experiment. The experimental pregnant females were left until delivery, and then, the development of their offspring was monitored for 45 days. After rat pups were born, the following were recorded: pregnancy duration, litter size, dynamics of weight gain in the rat pups for 21 days, postnatal death during the first 30 days, the ratio of males and females in the litter, periods of eye opening, incisor eruption, detachment of the auricle, appearance of hair coat, descent of testicles, and opening of the vagina. Then we assessed the maturation rate of sensory-motor reflexes in the offspring obtained from the experimental and control groups, the emotional motor behavior and ability for fine coordination of movements in the offspring, and conducted the open field-2 test on day 45 after birth.Results and discussion. No negative effect was detected for supramolecular complex of ivermectin Aniverm-2.0% on the parameters of physiological development of the offspring of the experimental rats within 45 days after birth. The dynamics of their mass, developmental parameters, and formation of motor reflexes during the feeding period remained within the normal values. Developmental indicators of sensory motor reflexes in the control and experimental rat pups had no statistically significant differences.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48782575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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