Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-101-111
A. Safarov, F. Akramova, J. Azimov
The purpose of the research is study of some issues of fauna, spread and ecology of nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria in biogeocenoses of Uzbekistan.Materials and methods. Nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria (D. immitis and D. repens) were collected from domestic and wild carnivorous mammals within Uzbekistan. The studies were carried out during 2015–2021. 559 individuals of carnivorous mammals were studied by the method of complete helminthological dissection. The found parasites were collected and fixed according to generally accepted methods. The helminths and ectoparasites were identified and their morphology was studied by temporary and permanent specimens using modern microscopes. The parasite species was identified in accordance with the keys and descriptions given in the papers by domestic and foreign researchers. To identify intermediate hosts of Dirofilaria (D. immitis), mosquitoes (Culicidae) were caught and examined on and around dogs. A total of 4064 specimens of mosquitoes were studies in spring, summer and autumn using the generally accepted method. We determined the prevalence and intensity of helminth infection in carnivorous. To study the nucleotide sequences in Dirofilaria, we used mature nematodes D. immitis and D. repens collected from dissected animals. Live nematodes were washed in saline (0.9% NaCl) and fixed in 70% ethanol. We conducted the isolation of genomic DNA, PCR amplification, electrophoresis and sample analysis.Results and discussion. In total, two species of Dirofilaria were found in representatives of carnivores in Uzbekistan, namely, D. immitis (Leidy, 1856) and D. repens Railliet et Henry, 1911. Original data on the spread of Dirofilaria in domestic and wild carnivores, as well as some materials on D. immitis intermediate hosts recorded from mosquitoes Aedes caspius and Culex pipiens were presented. The mtDNA-COI nucleotide sequences were determined to identify species of mature nematodes D. immitis (MN 650648.1), and D. repens (MZ 081850.1) was deposited by GenBank.
本研究的目的是研究乌兹别克斯坦生物群落中Dirofialia属线虫的区系、传播和生态学问题。材料和方法。Dirofilaria属线虫（D.immitis和D.repens）是从乌兹别克斯坦境内的家养和野生食肉哺乳动物中采集的。这些研究是在2015-2021年期间进行的。采用完全蠕虫解剖方法对559只食肉哺乳动物进行了研究。根据公认的方法收集并固定发现的寄生虫。利用现代显微镜对蠕虫和外寄生虫进行了鉴定，并通过临时和永久标本对其形态进行了研究。根据国内外研究人员在论文中给出的关键和描述，确定了该寄生虫的种类。为了鉴定Dirofialia（D.immitis）的中间宿主，在狗身上和周围捕捉并检查了蚊子（库蚊科）。采用普遍接受的方法，在春季、夏季和秋季共研究了4064个蚊子标本。我们确定了食肉动物蠕虫感染的流行率和强度。为了研究Dirofilaria的核苷酸序列，我们使用了从解剖动物中采集的成熟线虫D.immitis和D.repens。活线虫在盐水（0.9%NaCl）中洗涤，并在70%乙醇中固定。我们进行了基因组DNA的分离、PCR扩增、电泳和样品分析。结果和讨论。在乌兹别克斯坦的食肉动物代表中总共发现了两种Dirofialia，即D.immitis（Leidy，1856）和D.repens Railliet et Henry，1911。提供了关于Dirofialia在国内和野生食肉动物中传播的原始数据，以及从蚊子伊蚊和库蚊中记录的关于D.immitis中间宿主的一些材料。通过测定线粒体DNA COI核苷酸序列来鉴定成熟线虫D.immitis（MN 650648.1）和D.repens（MZ 081850.1）的种类。
{"title":"Nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria Railliet et Henry, 1911, parasites of carnivorous mammals in Uzbekistan: spread and ecology","authors":"A. Safarov, F. Akramova, J. Azimov","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-101-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-101-111","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is study of some issues of fauna, spread and ecology of nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria in biogeocenoses of Uzbekistan.Materials and methods. Nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria (D. immitis and D. repens) were collected from domestic and wild carnivorous mammals within Uzbekistan. The studies were carried out during 2015–2021. 559 individuals of carnivorous mammals were studied by the method of complete helminthological dissection. The found parasites were collected and fixed according to generally accepted methods. The helminths and ectoparasites were identified and their morphology was studied by temporary and permanent specimens using modern microscopes. The parasite species was identified in accordance with the keys and descriptions given in the papers by domestic and foreign researchers. To identify intermediate hosts of Dirofilaria (D. immitis), mosquitoes (Culicidae) were caught and examined on and around dogs. A total of 4064 specimens of mosquitoes were studies in spring, summer and autumn using the generally accepted method. We determined the prevalence and intensity of helminth infection in carnivorous. To study the nucleotide sequences in Dirofilaria, we used mature nematodes D. immitis and D. repens collected from dissected animals. Live nematodes were washed in saline (0.9% NaCl) and fixed in 70% ethanol. We conducted the isolation of genomic DNA, PCR amplification, electrophoresis and sample analysis.Results and discussion. In total, two species of Dirofilaria were found in representatives of carnivores in Uzbekistan, namely, D. immitis (Leidy, 1856) and D. repens Railliet et Henry, 1911. Original data on the spread of Dirofilaria in domestic and wild carnivores, as well as some materials on D. immitis intermediate hosts recorded from mosquitoes Aedes caspius and Culex pipiens were presented. The mtDNA-COI nucleotide sequences were determined to identify species of mature nematodes D. immitis (MN 650648.1), and D. repens (MZ 081850.1) was deposited by GenBank.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43435150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-70-84
V. Tolokonnikov, V. Marchenko, V. Mikhaylenko, V. Sokolova
The purpose of the research is the study of morpho-biological characteristics and food chains of the preimaginal stages of Wohlfahrtia magnifica, pathogens of obligate tissue myiasis in sheep.Materials and methods. The studies were performed on sheep farms of various forms of ownership in the steppe zone of the Stavropol Territory. We determined the prevalence and intensity rates of W. magnifica infection and causes of wolfarthiosis spreading. The number and behavioral responses of W. magnifica imagoes were studied in grazing and stationary management of sheep. We took into account the life expectancy and ecological plasticity rates of W. magnifica adults and larvae. The fecundity of females was determined by manual preparation under an MBS-I microscope. The myiasis development process and preimaginal development of parasitic W. magnifica larvae were studied in spontaneous and artificial infection of sheep. Clinical studies of animals were performed according to generally accepted methods.Results and discussion. The results of the studies made it possible to establish that the preimaginal development of W. magnifica Schiner, 1862 in the host is characterized by the cooperation of parasitic larvae during the myiasis development and by a complex of morphological and physiological adaptations associated with changes in the external and internal structure of parasites and in the functioning of the systems of their organs. The pathogenic effect of the parasite on the host (primary, or specific) is due to its morphophysiological characteristics. The phenomenon of extraintestinal digestion in the W. magnifica larvae was described. Nutrition is the basis of symbiosis and parasitism, and knowledge of the mechanisms by which parasites absorb and partially utilize nutrients is fundamental to understanding parasitism and parasite-host relationships.
{"title":"Morphological adaptations and food chains of preimaginal stages of Wohlfahrtia magnifica Schiner, 1862 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Structure functional organization of the parasitic system in wolfarthiosis of sheep","authors":"V. Tolokonnikov, V. Marchenko, V. Mikhaylenko, V. Sokolova","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-70-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-70-84","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is the study of morpho-biological characteristics and food chains of the preimaginal stages of Wohlfahrtia magnifica, pathogens of obligate tissue myiasis in sheep.Materials and methods. The studies were performed on sheep farms of various forms of ownership in the steppe zone of the Stavropol Territory. We determined the prevalence and intensity rates of W. magnifica infection and causes of wolfarthiosis spreading. The number and behavioral responses of W. magnifica imagoes were studied in grazing and stationary management of sheep. We took into account the life expectancy and ecological plasticity rates of W. magnifica adults and larvae. The fecundity of females was determined by manual preparation under an MBS-I microscope. The myiasis development process and preimaginal development of parasitic W. magnifica larvae were studied in spontaneous and artificial infection of sheep. Clinical studies of animals were performed according to generally accepted methods.Results and discussion. The results of the studies made it possible to establish that the preimaginal development of W. magnifica Schiner, 1862 in the host is characterized by the cooperation of parasitic larvae during the myiasis development and by a complex of morphological and physiological adaptations associated with changes in the external and internal structure of parasites and in the functioning of the systems of their organs. The pathogenic effect of the parasite on the host (primary, or specific) is due to its morphophysiological characteristics. The phenomenon of extraintestinal digestion in the W. magnifica larvae was described. Nutrition is the basis of symbiosis and parasitism, and knowledge of the mechanisms by which parasites absorb and partially utilize nutrients is fundamental to understanding parasitism and parasite-host relationships.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45110801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-50-62
T. Malyutina, M. Voronin
The purpose of the research is analysis of world literature dedicated to studies of physiological role and functional importance of FMRFamide-like neuropeptides – components of peptidergic nervous system in cyst nematode plant parasites using an example of 2nd stage larvae of potato and soy nematodes Globodera pallida and Heterodera glycines.The main physiological and functional characteristics of endogenous FMRFamid-like neuropeptides had been found in studies of functional role of flp genes expression of which was discovered in various nerve structures of potato and soy nematodes. The work shows the role of endogenous FMRFamid-like neuropeptides in such plant nematodes' behavior elements as locomotions promoting the parasites' life activity. The functional importance of flp genes coding these biologically active substances and possibilities of using data on physiological effects of neuropeptides on plant nematodes' activity for development of new anthelminthic precise effect drugs are discussed.
{"title":"FMRFamid-like neuropeptides as modulators of locomotory reactions in plant parasitic cyst nematodes","authors":"T. Malyutina, M. Voronin","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-50-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-50-62","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is analysis of world literature dedicated to studies of physiological role and functional importance of FMRFamide-like neuropeptides – components of peptidergic nervous system in cyst nematode plant parasites using an example of 2nd stage larvae of potato and soy nematodes Globodera pallida and Heterodera glycines.The main physiological and functional characteristics of endogenous FMRFamid-like neuropeptides had been found in studies of functional role of flp genes expression of which was discovered in various nerve structures of potato and soy nematodes. The work shows the role of endogenous FMRFamid-like neuropeptides in such plant nematodes' behavior elements as locomotions promoting the parasites' life activity. The functional importance of flp genes coding these biologically active substances and possibilities of using data on physiological effects of neuropeptides on plant nematodes' activity for development of new anthelminthic precise effect drugs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42535493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-85-92
A. K. Khusanov, M. S. Juraev, Z. S. Abdukadirova
The purpose of the research is to study geographical and seasonal variability of aphids from the Ferghana Range.Materials and methods. The research materials were long-term collections, observations and experiments conducted in various zones of the Ferghana Range (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan) in 2006–2020. The studies used entomological, aphidological and statistical methods. The V. Barov’s psi-square and Student and Fisher’s Z methods were used to compare the samples. Mathematical analysis was performed based on 16 morphometric characteristics from the samples of adult aphids (n = 10).Results and discussion. The morphological features of aphids during divergence are a key factor in their range forage and adaptation to it. Other environmental factors have undoubtedly a direct effect on aphids through forage plants in some cases. The study of morphometric parameters of the samples taken in Mayli-Say and Khanabad showed that the variability of the aphid’s hindleg was zero, and the samples from Mayli-Say differed significantly from the samples from Khanabad (P > 0.01). The study results confirm that the samples from both regions are mainly subject to geographical variability influenced by climatic and other factors, and the confidence level differs in morphometric parameters.
{"title":"Geographical and seasonal variability in the development of aphids (Homoptera, Aphidinea)","authors":"A. K. Khusanov, M. S. Juraev, Z. S. Abdukadirova","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-85-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-85-92","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to study geographical and seasonal variability of aphids from the Ferghana Range.Materials and methods. The research materials were long-term collections, observations and experiments conducted in various zones of the Ferghana Range (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan) in 2006–2020. The studies used entomological, aphidological and statistical methods. The V. Barov’s psi-square and Student and Fisher’s Z methods were used to compare the samples. Mathematical analysis was performed based on 16 morphometric characteristics from the samples of adult aphids (n = 10).Results and discussion. The morphological features of aphids during divergence are a key factor in their range forage and adaptation to it. Other environmental factors have undoubtedly a direct effect on aphids through forage plants in some cases. The study of morphometric parameters of the samples taken in Mayli-Say and Khanabad showed that the variability of the aphid’s hindleg was zero, and the samples from Mayli-Say differed significantly from the samples from Khanabad (P > 0.01). The study results confirm that the samples from both regions are mainly subject to geographical variability influenced by climatic and other factors, and the confidence level differs in morphometric parameters.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47900432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-63-69
O. Zhdanova, I. Okulova, A. Uspensky, L. Napisanova
The purpose of the research is study of morphological and functional characteristics of Trichinella sp. larvae in bears and badgers in the Kirov Region.Materials and methods. The compressor trichinelloscopy (CT) method was used to study 72 sections of muscle tissue samples (in accordance with the Guidelines "Prevention of helminthiasis transmitted through meat and meat products" dated September 23, 1996) from animals obtained during scientific culling. The sections were prepared from the diaphragmatic peduncle muscles and the diaphragm of bears and badgers along the muscle fibers, and placed in the compressorium. The sections were then transferred to glass slides, and provisional slides were prepared and examined using various magnifications (× 8, × 20, × 40). Morphometric measurements were performed using a microscope at × 40 magnification, then the capsule index was calculated. Digestion (peptolysis) in artificial gastric juice was performed according to the P. A. Vladimirova’s method modified by A. V. Uspensky and F. Skvortsova after the test samples were placed in various temperature conditions from 5 to -18 °C, and the parameters of both animal species were compared. The viability of Trichinella sp. larvae was evaluated in a Petri dish in saline at a room temperature. Morphological changes were recorded in the larvae structure (coiled larvae against the total number of isolated, coiled and stretched larvae) and their mobility.Results and discussion. We studied badgers and bears infected by Trichinella spiralis larvae in the Kirov Region. The Trichinella sp. larvae were found in all examined sections of the infected animals. The infection intensity was higher in the badger than the bear and amounted to 218±79.5 larvae per 1 g of muscle, while it was 115±28.5 in the bear. The stated above is explained by the fact that the badger eats carrion more often, and typically visits spontaneous dumps. For postmortem diagnosis of trichinellosis in the obtained bears and badgers, we can use trichinelloscopy and peptolysis methods which are aimed at detecting infection sources and preventing zoonosis in humans.
{"title":"Morphological and functional characteristics of Trichinella sp. larvae in bears and badgers in the Kirov Region","authors":"O. Zhdanova, I. Okulova, A. Uspensky, L. Napisanova","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-63-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-63-69","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is study of morphological and functional characteristics of Trichinella sp. larvae in bears and badgers in the Kirov Region.Materials and methods. The compressor trichinelloscopy (CT) method was used to study 72 sections of muscle tissue samples (in accordance with the Guidelines \"Prevention of helminthiasis transmitted through meat and meat products\" dated September 23, 1996) from animals obtained during scientific culling. The sections were prepared from the diaphragmatic peduncle muscles and the diaphragm of bears and badgers along the muscle fibers, and placed in the compressorium. The sections were then transferred to glass slides, and provisional slides were prepared and examined using various magnifications (× 8, × 20, × 40). Morphometric measurements were performed using a microscope at × 40 magnification, then the capsule index was calculated. Digestion (peptolysis) in artificial gastric juice was performed according to the P. A. Vladimirova’s method modified by A. V. Uspensky and F. Skvortsova after the test samples were placed in various temperature conditions from 5 to -18 °C, and the parameters of both animal species were compared. The viability of Trichinella sp. larvae was evaluated in a Petri dish in saline at a room temperature. Morphological changes were recorded in the larvae structure (coiled larvae against the total number of isolated, coiled and stretched larvae) and their mobility.Results and discussion. We studied badgers and bears infected by Trichinella spiralis larvae in the Kirov Region. The Trichinella sp. larvae were found in all examined sections of the infected animals. The infection intensity was higher in the badger than the bear and amounted to 218±79.5 larvae per 1 g of muscle, while it was 115±28.5 in the bear. The stated above is explained by the fact that the badger eats carrion more often, and typically visits spontaneous dumps. For postmortem diagnosis of trichinellosis in the obtained bears and badgers, we can use trichinelloscopy and peptolysis methods which are aimed at detecting infection sources and preventing zoonosis in humans.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47717596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-33-49
S. Polaz
The purpose of the research is to study of the features of the fauna of wild ungulates helminths on the different regions of the Belarus.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the State Research-Production Association "The ScientificallyPractical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for bio-resources" and in forestry farms of Belarus. The distribution of ungulates in winter was studied using winter route counts. GPS receivers were used for a reliable assessment of biotope confinement. We used the method of counting game animals by year-round mapping of encounters and tracks with the help of thermal imagers. To assess the seasonal distribution, the structure of the biocenosis was compared with the distribution of wild ungulate species on it. To assess the species selectivity of a certain biocenosis, the share of the species in the biotope and the share of this biotope in the farm were determined. The G-test was used to analyze the obtained materials. Animal feces were examined using the McMaster, sedimentation, and flotation methods.Results and discussion. It is determined that in the model forest areas, the red deer dominates in the structure of ungulates. Biotopes with stand density above 0.6 ungulates sem. Reindeer are used to an insignificant extent (K = -0.2, G = 42.7, P = 0.03). The biotopic distribution of roe deer in spring and autumn does not differ significantly (G = 116.7, P = 0.01). At this time, animals prefer areas with a predominance of broad-leaved species (D or.) (K = 0.86, G = 53.1, P < 0.01). During the rutting season, pinemoss forests are preferred (G = 37.4, P < 0.01). In the warm season, the red deer prefers forests with a predominance of pine trees in the stand (K = 0.6, G = 37.4, P < 0.01). Bilberry pine forests are preferred by females in spring and summer (adults and semi-adults) (K = 0.42, G = 32.4, P <0.01), males – mossy pine forests during the growing season (K = 0.22, G = 28.91, P = 0.03). In the parasitological situation in the red deer population, representatives of the Cestoda class are replaced by representatives of the Trematoda class. Representatives of the class Nematoda, genus Dictyocaulus sp. remain dominant. Representatives of the genus Strongylata, Trichostrongylus and Protostrongylus are constantly present. The genera Chabertia, Neoascaris, Cooperia are replaced, of the Nematoda class into the following genera: Oesophagostomum, Capillaria, Muellerius capillaris of the same class. The coefficient of common species composition of red deer and European roe worms is 46%, European roe and elk – 18, red deer and elk – 22%. On the territory of the Republic of Belarus, a rich species composition of helminths was revealed in European bison and a high degree of occurrence of helminths in this host. More than half of the animals in bison populations are carriers of infection with helminths: Belovezhskaya – 51.3, Polesskaya – 89.05%. Moreover, most of them have one type of helminths (
{"title":"Helminths of wild ungulates living in different regions of Belarus","authors":"S. Polaz","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-33-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-33-49","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to study of the features of the fauna of wild ungulates helminths on the different regions of the Belarus.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the State Research-Production Association \"The ScientificallyPractical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for bio-resources\" and in forestry farms of Belarus. The distribution of ungulates in winter was studied using winter route counts. GPS receivers were used for a reliable assessment of biotope confinement. We used the method of counting game animals by year-round mapping of encounters and tracks with the help of thermal imagers. To assess the seasonal distribution, the structure of the biocenosis was compared with the distribution of wild ungulate species on it. To assess the species selectivity of a certain biocenosis, the share of the species in the biotope and the share of this biotope in the farm were determined. The G-test was used to analyze the obtained materials. Animal feces were examined using the McMaster, sedimentation, and flotation methods.Results and discussion. It is determined that in the model forest areas, the red deer dominates in the structure of ungulates. Biotopes with stand density above 0.6 ungulates sem. Reindeer are used to an insignificant extent (K = -0.2, G = 42.7, P = 0.03). The biotopic distribution of roe deer in spring and autumn does not differ significantly (G = 116.7, P = 0.01). At this time, animals prefer areas with a predominance of broad-leaved species (D or.) (K = 0.86, G = 53.1, P < 0.01). During the rutting season, pinemoss forests are preferred (G = 37.4, P < 0.01). In the warm season, the red deer prefers forests with a predominance of pine trees in the stand (K = 0.6, G = 37.4, P < 0.01). Bilberry pine forests are preferred by females in spring and summer (adults and semi-adults) (K = 0.42, G = 32.4, P <0.01), males – mossy pine forests during the growing season (K = 0.22, G = 28.91, P = 0.03). In the parasitological situation in the red deer population, representatives of the Cestoda class are replaced by representatives of the Trematoda class. Representatives of the class Nematoda, genus Dictyocaulus sp. remain dominant. Representatives of the genus Strongylata, Trichostrongylus and Protostrongylus are constantly present. The genera Chabertia, Neoascaris, Cooperia are replaced, of the Nematoda class into the following genera: Oesophagostomum, Capillaria, Muellerius capillaris of the same class. The coefficient of common species composition of red deer and European roe worms is 46%, European roe and elk – 18, red deer and elk – 22%. On the territory of the Republic of Belarus, a rich species composition of helminths was revealed in European bison and a high degree of occurrence of helminths in this host. More than half of the animals in bison populations are carriers of infection with helminths: Belovezhskaya – 51.3, Polesskaya – 89.05%. Moreover, most of them have one type of helminths (","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44158583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-11-16
A. Atayev, M. Zubairova, N. T. Karsakov, S. S. Mutuev
The purpose of the research is to study biodiversity of gastrointestinal strongylates in sheep grazing on pastures of different ecological types in lowland Dagestan.Materials and methods. In 2004–2020, biodiversity was studied of gastrointestinal strongylates in sheep on lowland wet, steppe, saline, semi-desert, and shrub pastures in lowland Dagestan. In total, 360 collections of gastrointestinal tract were dissected and 500 fecal samples from sheep were examined. The studies were performed in all seasons by age groups: lambs, young animals from one to two years old and sheep from three years old and older. The work used methods of complete helminthological dissection according to K. I. Skrjabin, sequential washing, flotation with a saturated ammonium nitrate solution according to G. A. Kotelnikov and V. M. Khrenov, and larvae cultivation in a thermostat.Results and discussion. The biodiversity of gastrointestinal strongylates in sheep in lowland Dagestan was represented by 31 species, including the genus Chabertia, 1 species, 2 genus Bunostomum species, 3 genus Oesophagostomum species, 5 genus Trichostrongylus species, 6 genus Ostertagia species, 1 genus Maramastrongylus species, 2 genus Marschallagia species, 1 genus Haemonchus species, 3 genus Cooperia species, and 7 genus Nematodirus species. The Strongylata prevalence (the IP) in sheep was 100% with the infection intensity (the II) of 1–3860 parasites. The prevalence of infection with individual species varied as follows: 1.6% with M. schikobalovi, 44.1% with B. trigonocephalum with the II of 1 specimen of O. columbianum and 3860 specimens of H. contortus. The biodiversity was dominated by Ch. ovina, B. trigonocephalum, T. axei, T. capricola, T. colubriformis, T. skrjabini, T. vitrinus, H. contortus, N. filicollis, N. helvetianus and N. spathiger in terms of the prevalence. The IP of 1.6–10.0% and the II of 1–23 specimens were recorded in B. phlebotomum, and in species Oesophagostomum, Ostertagia, Maramastrongylus, Marschallagia, Cooperia, N. oiratianus, N. abnormalis, N. dogeli and N. andreevi. Rich species diversity and high rates of the prevalence (17.5–44.1%) and intensity of infection (1–3860 specimens) were observed in strongylates on lowland wet and plain steppe pastures.
{"title":"Biodiversity of gastrointestinal strongylates in sheep on pastures of different ecological types in lowland Dagestan","authors":"A. Atayev, M. Zubairova, N. T. Karsakov, S. S. Mutuev","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-11-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-11-16","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to study biodiversity of gastrointestinal strongylates in sheep grazing on pastures of different ecological types in lowland Dagestan.Materials and methods. In 2004–2020, biodiversity was studied of gastrointestinal strongylates in sheep on lowland wet, steppe, saline, semi-desert, and shrub pastures in lowland Dagestan. In total, 360 collections of gastrointestinal tract were dissected and 500 fecal samples from sheep were examined. The studies were performed in all seasons by age groups: lambs, young animals from one to two years old and sheep from three years old and older. The work used methods of complete helminthological dissection according to K. I. Skrjabin, sequential washing, flotation with a saturated ammonium nitrate solution according to G. A. Kotelnikov and V. M. Khrenov, and larvae cultivation in a thermostat.Results and discussion. The biodiversity of gastrointestinal strongylates in sheep in lowland Dagestan was represented by 31 species, including the genus Chabertia, 1 species, 2 genus Bunostomum species, 3 genus Oesophagostomum species, 5 genus Trichostrongylus species, 6 genus Ostertagia species, 1 genus Maramastrongylus species, 2 genus Marschallagia species, 1 genus Haemonchus species, 3 genus Cooperia species, and 7 genus Nematodirus species. The Strongylata prevalence (the IP) in sheep was 100% with the infection intensity (the II) of 1–3860 parasites. The prevalence of infection with individual species varied as follows: 1.6% with M. schikobalovi, 44.1% with B. trigonocephalum with the II of 1 specimen of O. columbianum and 3860 specimens of H. contortus. The biodiversity was dominated by Ch. ovina, B. trigonocephalum, T. axei, T. capricola, T. colubriformis, T. skrjabini, T. vitrinus, H. contortus, N. filicollis, N. helvetianus and N. spathiger in terms of the prevalence. The IP of 1.6–10.0% and the II of 1–23 specimens were recorded in B. phlebotomum, and in species Oesophagostomum, Ostertagia, Maramastrongylus, Marschallagia, Cooperia, N. oiratianus, N. abnormalis, N. dogeli and N. andreevi. Rich species diversity and high rates of the prevalence (17.5–44.1%) and intensity of infection (1–3860 specimens) were observed in strongylates on lowland wet and plain steppe pastures.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48943584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-17-32
O. Panova, A. Khrustalev, L. Y. Porfiryeva
The purpose of the research is to outline the current state of the problem of pulmonary nematodoses of domestic cats, to draw the attention of veterinarians to it, to raise their awareness of the peculiarities of methods for diagnosing these helminthoses.Materials and methods. The literature data on the distribution, species composition, differential morphology, biology, pathogenic influence, methods of diagnostics of the causative agents of pulmonary nematodes in cats are analyzed. When describing a case of aelurostrongylosis in a kitten, its clinical state was observed, general clinical and biochemical blood tests, diagnostics of viral infections, and ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity were carried out. Parasitological examination of feces was carried out by the flotation method and by the method of Berman.Results and discussion. The review of the world literature on pulmonary nematodes of domestic cats is carried out. Most pathogens are represented by species of several families of metastrongyloids, the most common and clinically significant representatives are: Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (family Angiostrongylidae), Troglostrongylus brevior (Crenosomatidae), Oslerus rostratus (Filaroididae). Also in the respiratory system of cats can be parasitized Eucoleus aerophilus (Trichurida: Capillariidae) and Metathelazia massinoi (Spirurida: Pneumospiruridae). The first Russian case of aelurostrongylosis in a domestic cat is described. The larvae of the first stage of pulmonary nematodes of the species Aelurostrongylus abstrusus were found in the study of feces according to the Berman method in a homeless 3-month-old kitten from the Moscow region. The number of larvae was 104 per gram of feces. The size of the larvae was 360–380 µm in length, the tail end had a characteristic structure – a double bend in the shape of the letter “S”, a dorsal spine-like outgrowth and a ventral notch. For veterinary practice, it is recommended that, in the presence of clinical signs of respiratory system damage in cats at risk (free-walking animals, kittens, street cats), pulmonary nematodes should be included in the differential diagnosis using appropriate diagnostic tests.
{"title":"Review of pulmonary nematodoses of domestic cats with description of the first case of aelurostrongylosis in a cat in Russia","authors":"O. Panova, A. Khrustalev, L. Y. Porfiryeva","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-17-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-1-17-32","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to outline the current state of the problem of pulmonary nematodoses of domestic cats, to draw the attention of veterinarians to it, to raise their awareness of the peculiarities of methods for diagnosing these helminthoses.Materials and methods. The literature data on the distribution, species composition, differential morphology, biology, pathogenic influence, methods of diagnostics of the causative agents of pulmonary nematodes in cats are analyzed. When describing a case of aelurostrongylosis in a kitten, its clinical state was observed, general clinical and biochemical blood tests, diagnostics of viral infections, and ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity were carried out. Parasitological examination of feces was carried out by the flotation method and by the method of Berman.Results and discussion. The review of the world literature on pulmonary nematodes of domestic cats is carried out. Most pathogens are represented by species of several families of metastrongyloids, the most common and clinically significant representatives are: Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (family Angiostrongylidae), Troglostrongylus brevior (Crenosomatidae), Oslerus rostratus (Filaroididae). Also in the respiratory system of cats can be parasitized Eucoleus aerophilus (Trichurida: Capillariidae) and Metathelazia massinoi (Spirurida: Pneumospiruridae). The first Russian case of aelurostrongylosis in a domestic cat is described. The larvae of the first stage of pulmonary nematodes of the species Aelurostrongylus abstrusus were found in the study of feces according to the Berman method in a homeless 3-month-old kitten from the Moscow region. The number of larvae was 104 per gram of feces. The size of the larvae was 360–380 µm in length, the tail end had a characteristic structure – a double bend in the shape of the letter “S”, a dorsal spine-like outgrowth and a ventral notch. For veterinary practice, it is recommended that, in the presence of clinical signs of respiratory system damage in cats at risk (free-walking animals, kittens, street cats), pulmonary nematodes should be included in the differential diagnosis using appropriate diagnostic tests.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44518474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-19DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2021-15-4-91-99
A. Konovalov, I. I. Tsepilova, F. Vasilevich, S. Pigina
The purpose of the research is determining the effect of the therapeutic and prophylactic complex of Dironet, Lactobifadol and fodder Keratin (DLK) on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora affected by toxascariosis in the Blue Frost fox.Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the Fur Breeding Farm “Vyatka”, Slobodskoy District, the Kirov Region. The study objects were 24 female Blue Frost foxes culled from the breeding herd. To determine the quality of the skins obtained from the experimental animals, we sorted flint-dried skins.Results and discussion. After the introduction of the therapeutic and preventive complex DLK into the diet of sick animals, the positive dynamics was observed in the quantitative and qualitative composition of intestinal microorganisms. In animals of the experimental groups that were administered DLK, the number of bifidus bacteria, lactic bacteria and fecal enterococci increased; there was a significant decrease or complete absence of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, fusobacteria, streptococci, clostridia, typical lactose-negative and hemolytic Escherichia, aureus and saprophytic staphylococcus, common Proteus and fungi of the Candida genus. In animals infected by Toxascaris leonina that did not receive the complex therapy, a decrease in lactic acid bacteria and an increase in the content of pathogenic and commensal microorganisms were noted. Under the output of the fur production, the infected animals showed the lowest percentage of skins in terms of quality of 7.16%, which was 0.38% less in comparison with healthy foxes, and 0.51% less in comparison with treated Blue Frost foxes.
{"title":"Effect of therapeutic and prophylactic complex DLK (Dironet, Lactobifadol, Forage Keratin) on the intestinal microbiocenosis of the Blue Frost fox at toxascariosis","authors":"A. Konovalov, I. I. Tsepilova, F. Vasilevich, S. Pigina","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2021-15-4-91-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2021-15-4-91-99","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is determining the effect of the therapeutic and prophylactic complex of Dironet, Lactobifadol and fodder Keratin (DLK) on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora affected by toxascariosis in the Blue Frost fox.Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the Fur Breeding Farm “Vyatka”, Slobodskoy District, the Kirov Region. The study objects were 24 female Blue Frost foxes culled from the breeding herd. To determine the quality of the skins obtained from the experimental animals, we sorted flint-dried skins.Results and discussion. After the introduction of the therapeutic and preventive complex DLK into the diet of sick animals, the positive dynamics was observed in the quantitative and qualitative composition of intestinal microorganisms. In animals of the experimental groups that were administered DLK, the number of bifidus bacteria, lactic bacteria and fecal enterococci increased; there was a significant decrease or complete absence of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, fusobacteria, streptococci, clostridia, typical lactose-negative and hemolytic Escherichia, aureus and saprophytic staphylococcus, common Proteus and fungi of the Candida genus. In animals infected by Toxascaris leonina that did not receive the complex therapy, a decrease in lactic acid bacteria and an increase in the content of pathogenic and commensal microorganisms were noted. Under the output of the fur production, the infected animals showed the lowest percentage of skins in terms of quality of 7.16%, which was 0.38% less in comparison with healthy foxes, and 0.51% less in comparison with treated Blue Frost foxes.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46480695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-19DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2021-15-4-57-60
A. I. Varlamova
The purpose of the research is developing a methodology for application of the supramolecular complex of fenbendazole (SMCF) against helminthosis in ruminants.The SMCF was obtained by the method of mechanochemical technology with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in a ratio of 1 : 10 in a balling drum. The drug was produced in plastic cans of 2, 4 and 8 kg and stored in its original packaging in dry, nonresidential area. The SMCF was used against gastrointestinal strongylatosis, dictyocaulosis and monieziosis of sheep and goats at a dose of 20 mg/kg (2 mg/kg for the active substance). The methodology provides a brief chemical characteristic of the SMCF, summarizes its mode of action, and describes toxicological properties, which gives an idea of the drug in general. The procedure is described for preparing the drug for use on animals, both individually and in a group. Reasoned recommendations are given on the timing for animal slaughter, and the use of milk after treating cows.
{"title":"Methodology for application of supramolecular fenbendazole against helminthosis of ruminants","authors":"A. I. Varlamova","doi":"10.31016/1998-8435-2021-15-4-57-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2021-15-4-57-60","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is developing a methodology for application of the supramolecular complex of fenbendazole (SMCF) against helminthosis in ruminants.The SMCF was obtained by the method of mechanochemical technology with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in a ratio of 1 : 10 in a balling drum. The drug was produced in plastic cans of 2, 4 and 8 kg and stored in its original packaging in dry, nonresidential area. The SMCF was used against gastrointestinal strongylatosis, dictyocaulosis and monieziosis of sheep and goats at a dose of 20 mg/kg (2 mg/kg for the active substance). The methodology provides a brief chemical characteristic of the SMCF, summarizes its mode of action, and describes toxicological properties, which gives an idea of the drug in general. The procedure is described for preparing the drug for use on animals, both individually and in a group. Reasoned recommendations are given on the timing for animal slaughter, and the use of milk after treating cows.","PeriodicalId":34353,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskii parazitologicheskii zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46423991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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