The western anatomical descriptions of the human cerebral meninges still available date back to the mid-fourteenth century. Since that time, numerous anatomists made more or less accurate descriptions of the human meninges and tried to understand their functions. Unfortunately, the belief in animal spirits led to esoteric interpretations which hindered the understanding of these structures up to the early eighteenth century. This paper summarizes the contributions of Antonio Pacchioni and Giovanni Fantoni to the anatomy and functions of the meninges, respectively.
{"title":"Antonio Pacchioni and Giovanni Fantoni on the Anatomy and Functions of the Human Cerebral Dura Mater","authors":"R. Olry","doi":"10.56507/tfdp7421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/tfdp7421","url":null,"abstract":"The western anatomical descriptions of the human cerebral meninges still available date back to the mid-fourteenth century. Since that time, numerous anatomists made more or less accurate descriptions of the human meninges and tried to understand their functions. Unfortunately, the belief in animal spirits led to esoteric interpretations which hindered the understanding of these structures up to the early eighteenth century. This paper summarizes the contributions of Antonio Pacchioni and Giovanni Fantoni to the anatomy and functions of the meninges, respectively.","PeriodicalId":343741,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society for Plastination","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128581964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"nject Vessels with Epoxy Using Compressed Air and a Simple Jig","authors":"","doi":"10.56507/tuxf3279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/tuxf3279","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":343741,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society for Plastination","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121382763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1543, Andreas Vesalius dissected and prepared the skeleton of a murderer called Jakob Karrer, and gave the specimen to the university of Basle. This specimen, now kept in the Vesalianum Museum of this university, is one of the most ancient anatomical specimens in the world. The analysis of the initials and capital letters of Vesalius' "Fabrica" enables us to understand the procedure used by this famous anatomist to prepare human skeletons.
{"title":"Andreas Vesalius on the Preparation of Osteological Specimens","authors":"R. Olry","doi":"10.56507/ijxd2513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/ijxd2513","url":null,"abstract":"In 1543, Andreas Vesalius dissected and prepared the skeleton of a murderer called Jakob Karrer, and gave the specimen to the university of Basle. This specimen, now kept in the Vesalianum Museum of this university, is one of the most ancient anatomical specimens in the world. The analysis of the initials and capital letters of Vesalius' \"Fabrica\" enables us to understand the procedure used by this famous anatomist to prepare human skeletons.","PeriodicalId":343741,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society for Plastination","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117235676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. A. P. Correia, Rafael Augusto, D. Prinz, Benevides de Freitas, L. Helena, A. Pezzi
The intent of this report is to relate the positive experience of the Department of Anatomy at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) in storing and making readily available large numbers of human plastinated specimens. The technique has allowed improved specimen utilization by the both professors and students representing several diverse biomedical graduate courses. A detailed description is provided of the cataloguing and storage system, which could be readily implemented by other Departments that deal with large numbers of plastinated specimens and/or whose specimens are regularly requested.
{"title":"Labelling and Storing Plastinated Specimens -An Experience from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","authors":"J. A. P. Correia, Rafael Augusto, D. Prinz, Benevides de Freitas, L. Helena, A. Pezzi","doi":"10.56507/ltad6864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/ltad6864","url":null,"abstract":"The intent of this report is to relate the positive experience of the Department of Anatomy at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) in storing and making readily available large numbers of human plastinated specimens. The technique has allowed improved specimen utilization by the both professors and students representing several diverse biomedical graduate courses. A detailed description is provided of the cataloguing and storage system, which could be readily implemented by other Departments that deal with large numbers of plastinated specimens and/or whose specimens are regularly requested.","PeriodicalId":343741,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society for Plastination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130173279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple and inexpensive method is presented to mark and identify silicone plastinated specimens to aid cataloging and control. Labels are hand cut from a computer generated paper sheet and fixed in appropriate places on specimens by silicone adhesive. An additional layer of silicone over the whole label gives added protection from handling.
{"title":"An Inexpensive Method of Labelling Plastinated Specimens","authors":"J. A. Baker","doi":"10.56507/bbne4776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/bbne4776","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and inexpensive method is presented to mark and identify silicone plastinated specimens to aid cataloging and control. Labels are hand cut from a computer generated paper sheet and fixed in appropriate places on specimens by silicone adhesive. An additional layer of silicone over the whole label gives added protection from handling.","PeriodicalId":343741,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society for Plastination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131027106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to the standard plastination procedures, the dehydration by freeze substitution in acetone is normally achieved at -25°C and the forced impregnation of specimens at -15 C C to -25°C in a deep freezer. Now, we have been able to modify the dehydration procedure and use room temperature for dehydration. We also developed a new silicone polymer that can be stored and used for impregnation at room temperature (10 to 25°C). An acetone filter (or recevery) system was also designed to remove some acetone before the acetone reached the pump. Many high quality gross anatomical specimens have been prepared this way. They have remained in good condition and retained stable color for five years. This paper will also describe the differences regarding equipment needs for plastination at room temperature compared to plastination at -25°C.
{"title":"Plastination at Room Temperature","authors":"Tianzhong Zheng, Jingren Liu, Zhu Kerming","doi":"10.56507/yshv9792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/yshv9792","url":null,"abstract":"According to the standard plastination procedures, the dehydration by freeze substitution in acetone is normally achieved at -25°C and the forced impregnation of specimens at -15 C C to -25°C in a deep freezer. Now, we have been able to modify the dehydration procedure and use room temperature for dehydration. We also developed a new silicone polymer that can be stored and used for impregnation at room temperature (10 to 25°C). An acetone filter (or recevery) system was also designed to remove some acetone before the acetone reached the pump. Many high quality gross anatomical specimens have been prepared this way. They have remained in good condition and retained stable color for five years. This paper will also describe the differences regarding equipment needs for plastination at room temperature compared to plastination at -25°C.","PeriodicalId":343741,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society for Plastination","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116525163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the great importance of mummies for archeological research, methods have to be developed to preserve these specimens. Two preserved mummies (died 410 and 380 years ago) were exhumed and plastinated to avoid deterioration from exposure. They were first re-fixed with formalin and dehydrated at room temperature in a graded series of acetone solutions. The corpses were then preimpregnated, force impregnated with silicone and subsequently cured all at room temperature. Histological studies were performed before and after plastination on pieces of lung, liver, kidney, heart, spleen and skin. Plastination improved the color and flexibility of the mummies and will permanently preserve them.
{"title":"A Study on the Preservation of Exhumed Mummies by Plastination","authors":"Tianzhong Zheng, Xuegui You, Jingren Liu, Zhu Kerming","doi":"10.56507/tbqa9451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/tbqa9451","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the great importance of mummies for archeological research, methods have to be developed to preserve these specimens. Two preserved mummies (died 410 and 380 years ago) were exhumed and plastinated to avoid deterioration from exposure. They were first re-fixed with formalin and dehydrated at room temperature in a graded series of acetone solutions. The corpses were then preimpregnated, force impregnated with silicone and subsequently cured all at room temperature. Histological studies were performed before and after plastination on pieces of lung, liver, kidney, heart, spleen and skin. Plastination improved the color and flexibility of the mummies and will permanently preserve them.","PeriodicalId":343741,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society for Plastination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127803070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ten sturgeons from three species (Huso huso; Acipenser persious and Acipenser stellatus) were plastinated according to the standard S10 technique. They were primarily fixed in 5% formaline. After dehydration by the freeze-substitution method, they were submerged in silicone for 24 hours and forced impregnated at -25°C for four weeks. They were finally pre-cured in an oven at 40°C for two days and cured with S6. The plastinated fishes are perfectly preserved.
{"title":"Plastination of Sturgeons with the S10 Technique in Iran: the First Trials","authors":"M. Asadi","doi":"10.56507/xstd4829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/xstd4829","url":null,"abstract":"Ten sturgeons from three species (Huso huso; Acipenser persious and Acipenser stellatus) were plastinated according to the standard S10 technique. They were primarily fixed in 5% formaline. After dehydration by the freeze-substitution method, they were submerged in silicone for 24 hours and forced impregnated at -25°C for four weeks. They were finally pre-cured in an oven at 40°C for two days and cured with S6. The plastinated fishes are perfectly preserved.","PeriodicalId":343741,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society for Plastination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132711121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study intends to present a new aspect in plastination with P40, not only in processing brain slices, but also in plastination of three dimensional structures. We decided to make this attempt with nervous tissus and choose to plastinate human brachial plexuses. Two plexuses were removed from a fixed body, from the dissection room. After dehydration, they were immersed and impregnated with P40. The main problem in curing P40 is that it should be done under UV-light and in a closed, airless chamber, otherwise the surface of the plastinated specimen remains sticky. Curing was therefore performed by using UV-light and simultaneously keeping the specimens under vacuum.
{"title":"Plastination of Three Dimensional Brachial Plexus with P40","authors":"M. Șora","doi":"10.56507/rezm6562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/rezm6562","url":null,"abstract":"This study intends to present a new aspect in plastination with P40, not only in processing brain slices, but also in plastination of three dimensional structures. We decided to make this attempt with nervous tissus and choose to plastinate human brachial plexuses. Two plexuses were removed from a fixed body, from the dissection room. After dehydration, they were immersed and impregnated with P40. The main problem in curing P40 is that it should be done under UV-light and in a closed, airless chamber, otherwise the surface of the plastinated specimen remains sticky. Curing was therefore performed by using UV-light and simultaneously keeping the specimens under vacuum.","PeriodicalId":343741,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society for Plastination","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121274503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orientation of the overlapping chambers of the heart is difficult for first year veterinary medical students to conceptualize and confounding when attempting to determine ventricular volume using imaging techniques. To better visualize and understand the spatial relationship between the ventricles, silicone casts of the heart and great vessels were made from unembalmed sets of heart and lungs. The major vessels of the heart were either ligated or cannulated for silicone injection. Room temperature vulcanizing silicone was activated, colored and injected until the cardiac chambers were filled. After hardening, the specimens were first macerated in boiling water and maceration was completed in 5% hydrogen peroxide. A highly durable, anatomically precise replica of the cardiac chambers, valves and great vessels was thus obtained for student instruction and image analysis.
{"title":"Silicone Casting of the Chambers of the Heart and the Great Vessels","authors":"R. Henry, G. Daniel, R. Reed","doi":"10.56507/awgt3303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/awgt3303","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation of the overlapping chambers of the heart is difficult for first year veterinary medical students to conceptualize and confounding when attempting to determine ventricular volume using imaging techniques. To better visualize and understand the spatial relationship between the ventricles, silicone casts of the heart and great vessels were made from unembalmed sets of heart and lungs. The major vessels of the heart were either ligated or cannulated for silicone injection. Room temperature vulcanizing silicone was activated, colored and injected until the cardiac chambers were filled. After hardening, the specimens were first macerated in boiling water and maceration was completed in 5% hydrogen peroxide. A highly durable, anatomically precise replica of the cardiac chambers, valves and great vessels was thus obtained for student instruction and image analysis.","PeriodicalId":343741,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society for Plastination","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127705099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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