Lancet Healthy Longevity最新文献

Background: The human metapneumovirus (hMPV)-associated disease burden in older adults remains under-researched. We aimed to systematically estimate the global burden of hMPV-associated disease in older adults.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus in February, 2023, November, 2023, and October, 2024; and CNKI, Wanfang, and CQVip, in April, 2024, and October, 2024. We included studies conducted over at least 12 consecutive months, reporting on adults aged 60 years or older, and with laboratory-confirmed hMPV infections. Critical appraisal of included studies was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. To estimate the hMPV pooled proportions positive in acute respiratory infections (ARIs), random effects meta-analyses were conducted. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we estimated the hMPV-associated hospitalisations globally and separately in high-income countries, low-income and middle-income countries, and the USA in individuals aged 65 years or older in 2019, as most studies reported on this age group. The hMPV-associated ARI incidence in countries other than the USA and in outpatient or community settings in the USA was summarised narratively due to scarcity of data. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023422325).

Findings: 46 studies conducted between 2005 and 2023, and reporting on hMPV proportion positive estimates (n=36, with 29 866 laboratory tests), hospitalisation rates in the USA (n=4), and hMPV incidence (n=6) were included. We estimated 473 000 (95% CI 396 000-777 000) hMPV-associated hospitalisations globally, of which 185 000 (105 000-340 000) were in high-income countries (n=6 studies), and 288 000 (193 000-436 000) in low-income and middle-income countries (n=10 studies) in people aged 65 years or older in 2019. In the USA, the pooled hMPV-associated hospitalisation rate was 231 (95% CI 41-421) per 100 000 people in adults aged 65 years or older, representing approximately 122 000 (41 000-398 000) hospital admissions in this population in 2019.

Interpretation: hMPV-associated ARIs contribute to a substantial disease and hospitalisation burden in older adults. However, more large-scale surveillance studies and greater investment in research and diagnostic methods are required to develop reliable estimates.

Funding: Icosavax, a member of the AstraZeneca group.

Background: NIDUS-Family is a psychosocial and behavioural intervention comprising six to eight sessions, delivered by non-clinical facilitators, and tailored to goals set by dyads of people with dementia and their unpaid or family carers. The intervention has been shown to be effective for attainment of personalised client goals. The current study aimed to determine whether the intervention is cost-effective.

Methods: In this cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis within a two-armed, single-masked, multisite, superiority randomised controlled trial, we recruited 302 people with dementia living in their own homes and their family carers from National Health Service community settings and social and print media across England. Participants were randomly allocated (2:1) to the NIDUS-Family intervention group or control (goal setting and routine care) group. Randomisation was blocked and site-stratified, with allocation by a remote web-based system. We calculated the probability that NIDUS-Family is cost-effective for a client with dementia based on quality-adjusted life-years from a health and social care perspective and from a societal perspective (additionally including family carer time and out-of-pocket costs), at £20 000-30 000 decision thresholds for additional quality-adjusted life-years compared with usual care over 12 months. Analyses were done using the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN11425138, and is completed.

Findings: Between April 30, 2020, and May 9, 2022, we randomly allocated 204 participants (109 [53%] women and 95 [47%] men) to the intervention group and 98 (60 [61%] women and 38 [39%] men) to the control group. 218 (72%) participants at 6 months and 178 (59%) at 12 months provided cost data. At both a £20 000 and £30 000 decision threshold, there was an 89% probability that NIDUS-Family was cost-effective compared with usual care from a health and social care perspective, and an 87% probability from a societal perspective. Intervention participants accrued on average £8934 (37%) less in costs than control participants (95% CI -£59 460 to £41 592).

Interpretation: NIDUS-Family is the first personalised care and support intervention to show both cost-effectiveness from the perspective of the quality of life of people with dementia as well as clinical effectiveness and should therefore be part of routine dementia care.

Funding: Alzheimer's Society.

As randomised trials are not always feasible or practical, observational studies remain crucial for addressing many causal questions in the dementia prevention field. Through a systematic search, we found that 84 (72%) of the 116 latest observational cohort studies that investigated factors hypothesised to reduce the risk of dementia (hearing aids, physical activity, antihypertensives, antidiabetics, and antidepressants) used a prevalent exposure design. The approach of using a prevalent exposure design, which compares dementia risk between individuals with and without prevalent exposure at the start of follow-up, has several limitations, including ill-defined interventions, selection biases, and challenges in adjusting for confounders. This Personal View discusses these limitations using physical activity as a case study and describes an alternative approach based on the target trial framework that can help to overcome such limitations. This approach aligns observational analyses with the design and analysis principles of randomised trials and can, thereby, improve the robustness and relevance of evidence for dementia prevention, which is the ultimate goal.

Functional ageing, related to but distinct from biological and environmental systems, is defined as the changes in physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning, as well as behavioural factors of individuals as they age. In this Personal View, we propose that a complex systems perspective to functional ageing can show how outcomes such as quality of life and longevity, and success in prevention and treatment, emerge from dynamic interactions among these domains, rather than from single causes. We support this view in three ways. First, we explain how three key principles of complex systems science-namely, resilience, non-linearity, and heterogeneity-apply to functional ageing. Second, we show how established gerontological theories and geriatric models align with these principles. Third, we illustrate the use of novel methodological tools available from complex systems science for studying functional ageing. Finally, we offer a glossary of key concepts and recommendations for researchers to adopt this perspective in future studies on functional ageing.