IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102216

Yongki Kim , Chanyong Lee , Gumin Kang , Youngbin Yoon , Jeonghyeon Ahn , Yong Ju Yun , Taemin Kim , Hae Jung Son , Beom Soo Joo , Yoonmook Kang , Hyungduk Ko , Myunghun Shin , Yongseok Jun

Urbanization and the climate crisis have driven the need for sustainable energy solutions, emphasizing the importance of building-integrated photovoltaic systems and transparent photovoltaic (TPV) modules. However, conventional TPVs face limitations in efficiency, scalability, and color rendering. This study introduces a hybrid solar window combining bifacial silicon solar cells with an optimized distributed Bragg reflector structure to address these challenges. The solar window selectively captures near-infrared light for power generation while transmitting visible light, achieving high transparency (average visible transmittance [AVT]: 75.6%) and superior color rendering (color rendering index [CRI]: 93.8). The experimental results demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of 8.29% and a light-utilization efficiency of 6.27%, exceeding the theoretical limits of non-selective TPVs. Furthermore, the solar window operates effectively under both sunlight and indoor lighting, showcasing its versatility. Its scalable, cost-effective design is compatible with existing building materials and represents a significant advancement toward sustainable urban infrastructure by merging energy generation with architectural functionality.

城市化和气候危机推动了对可持续能源解决方案的需求，强调了建筑集成光伏系统和透明光伏（TPV）模块的重要性。然而，传统的tpv在效率、可扩展性和显色性方面面临限制。本研究介绍了一种混合太阳能窗，结合了双面硅太阳能电池和优化的分布式布拉格反射器结构，以解决这些挑战。该太阳能窗在透射可见光的同时选择性捕获近红外光发电，具有高透明度（平均可见光透过率[AVT]: 75.6%）和优异显色性（显色指数[CRI]: 93.8）。实验结果表明，功率转换效率为8.29%，光利用效率为6.27%，超过了非选择性TPVs的理论极限。此外，太阳能窗在阳光和室内照明下都能有效地运行，展示了它的多功能性。其可扩展、经济高效的设计与现有建筑材料兼容，并通过将能源生产与建筑功能相结合，代表了可持续城市基础设施的重大进步。

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引用次数: 0

Dual hole transport layer for ultra-flexible perovskite solar cells with unprecedented stability 超柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的双孔传输层具有前所未有的稳定性

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102209

Ilhem Nadia Rabehi , Silvia Mariotti , Kenjiro Fukuda , Shin Young Lee , Dou Zhao , Penghui Ji , Shuai Yuan , Jiahao Zhang , Chenfeng Ding , Kirill Mitrofanov , Dominik Madea , Ryota Kabe , Tomoyuki Yokota , Luis K. Ono , Takao Someya , Yabing Qi

Perovskite materials are highly promising for ultra-flexible solar cells (u-FPSCs) due to their intrinsic mechanical flexibility and lightweight nature. Devices fabricated on substrates thinner than 10 μm are particularly attractive for emerging applications in wearable electronics and medical applications. Although their power conversion efficiency (PCE) approaches that of rigid glass-based devices, long-term stability remains a critical challenge. In this study, we show that the combination of nickel oxide and [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) self-assembled monolayer as hole transport materials employed on indium tin oxide-coated transparent polyimide leads to a significant improvement of the device stability. This strategy enabled devices with PCEs of 20.3% and a stable power output for 1,200 h under inert conditions. Furthermore, the integration of a 15-nm Al₂O₃ humidity barrier preserved 90% of the PCE after 130 h in air, without compromising specific power (27.2 W g⁻¹), establishing record ambient stability for u-FPSCs.

钙钛矿材料由于其固有的机械灵活性和轻质性，在超柔性太阳能电池（u-FPSCs）中具有很高的应用前景。在厚度小于10 μm的基板上制造的器件对于可穿戴电子产品和医疗应用中的新兴应用尤其具有吸引力。虽然它们的功率转换效率（PCE）接近刚性玻璃基器件，但长期稳定性仍然是一个关键挑战。在本研究中，我们证明了将氧化镍和[2-（9h -咔唑-9-基）乙基]膦酸（2PACz）自组装单层作为空穴传输材料应用于氧化铟锡涂层的透明聚酰亚胺上，可以显著提高器件的稳定性。该策略使器件的pce为20.3%，在惰性条件下稳定输出功率为1200小时。此外，集成的15纳米Al₂O₃湿度屏障在空气中放置130小时后保留了90%的PCE，而不影响比功率（27.2 W g−1），为u-FPSCs建立了创纪录的环境稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Buried heterointerface reinforcement with passivation-integrated nanostructures for efficient and stable perovskite solar modules 采用钝化集成纳米结构的埋藏异质界面增强高效稳定的钙钛矿太阳能组件

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102212

Jin Wen , Yuxuan Liu , Yinke Wang , Guihao Wang , Ningchong Zheng , Wennan Ou , Jinyan Guo , Jiajia Hong , Yijia Guo , Wenchi Kong , Anh Dinh Bui , Haowen Luo , Hieu Nguyen , Yuefeng Nie , Ke Xiao , Ludong Li , Hairen Tan

The buried heterointerface between hole transport layers (HTLs) and perovskite films critically determines the efficiency and stability of scalable perovskite solar modules. While self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based HTLs enable record efficiencies in spin-coated devices, scalable blade coating often induces micron-scale nanogaps at the SAM/perovskite interface, causing non-radiative recombination and mechanical degradation. Here, we introduce a buried integrating-passivation nanostructure (BIPN) atop SAM, where inorganic oxide nanoparticles are utilized as mechanical reinforcements and passivating molecules function as chemical stabilizers, anchoring onto spherical surfaces via hydrogen bonding. This design effectively alleviates interfacial stress and minimizes nanoscale gaps, simultaneously decreasing defects and strengthening the buried interface. As a result, blade-coated perovskite solar cells achieve a power conversion efficiency of 26.0% (certified at 25.7%), while minimodules (20.25 cm² aperture) deliver 22.5% efficiency and show no degradation after 2,100 h under the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability (ISOS)-L-1 condition.

空穴传输层（HTLs）与钙钛矿薄膜之间的埋藏异质界面决定了可扩展钙钛矿太阳能组件的效率和稳定性。基于自组装单层（SAM）的HTLs可以在自旋涂层器件中实现创纪录的效率，但可扩展的叶片涂层通常会在SAM/钙钛矿界面处产生微米级的纳米间隙，从而导致非辐射重组和机械降解。在这里，我们在SAM上引入了一种埋藏的集成钝化纳米结构（BIPN），其中无机氧化物纳米颗粒用作机械增强剂，钝化分子用作化学稳定剂，通过氢键锚定在球形表面上。该设计有效地缓解了界面应力，减小了纳米级间隙，同时减少了缺陷，增强了埋藏界面。因此，在国际有机光伏稳定性峰会(ISOS)-L-1条件下，叶片涂层钙钛矿太阳能电池的功率转换效率为26.0%（认证为25.7%），而微型组件（20.25 cm2孔径）的效率为22.5%，并且在2,100小时后没有退化。

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引用次数: 0

Operando mapping of the dynamic evolution of spatially inhomogeneous reactions in commercial batteries 商业电池中空间非均匀反应动态演化的操作映射

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102201

Huaian Zhao , Lizhi Xiang , Binghan Cui , Qingjie Zhou , Jiannan Du , Sai Li , Zheng Liu , Geping Yin , Guokang Han , Chunyu Du

Understanding how inhomogeneous reactions evolve across the battery electrode is essential for deciphering degradation mechanisms and improving the performance of commercial batteries. However, operando tracking of such dynamic processes remains challenging due to the lack of non-destructive techniques with spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we develop a magnetic field mapping technique that enables operando monitoring of reaction inhomogeneities across spatial and temporal dimensions. This approach reveals a self-regulating dynamic feedback mechanism, which provides a theoretical framework for interpreting the spatiotemporal evolution of inhomogeneous reactions under different C-rates, battery designs, and environmental conditions. This method identifies otherwise inaccessible design defects by directly resolving their spatially localized influence on reaction dynamics. It also directly visualizes mechanically induced reaction bottlenecks and the redirection of reaction pathways, offering new operando insights into mechano-electrochemical coupling in batteries. These findings provide a new approach for understanding inhomogeneous degradation, guiding electrode design, and advancing multi-dimensional diagnostic strategies for commercial batteries.

了解电池电极上的非均匀反应是如何演变的，对于破译降解机制和提高商用电池的性能至关重要。然而，由于缺乏具有时空分辨率的非破坏性技术，对这种动态过程的歌剧跟踪仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们开发了一种磁场测绘技术，可以跨空间和时间维度对反应不均匀性进行操作监测。该方法揭示了一种自我调节的动态反馈机制，为解释不同碳倍率、电池设计和环境条件下非均质反应的时空演化提供了理论框架。该方法通过直接解决其对反应动力学的空间局部影响来识别其他不可接近的设计缺陷。它还可以直接可视化机械诱导的反应瓶颈和反应路径的重定向，为电池中的机械-电化学耦合提供了新的operando见解。这些发现为理解非均匀降解、指导电极设计和推进商用电池的多维诊断策略提供了新的方法。

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引用次数: 0

A direct electrochemical Li recovery from spent Li-ion battery cathode for high-purity lithium hydroxide feedstock 从废锂离子电池正极中直接电化学回收高纯度氢氧化锂原料

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102197

Yuge Feng , Yoon Park , Shaoyun Hao , Chang Qiu , Shoukun Zhang , Zhou Yu , Zhiwei Fang , Tanguy Terlier , Chase Sellers , Khalid Mateen , Frank Despinois , Moussa Kane , Sibani Lisa Biswal , Haotian Wang

Conventional lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery recycling technologies, including pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, require elevated temperatures or substantial chemical input to smelt or leach solid battery materials for Li separation. In this work, we leveraged the intrinsic delithiation chemistry of battery cathode materials as a separation mechanism and devised the zero-gap membrane electrode assembly (MEA) reactor for sustainable, scalable, and cost-effective Li recovery from waste LiFePO₄ (LFP) battery black mass (BM). Our strategy achieved an impressive Li extraction Faradaic efficiency of 96.4%, yielding high-purity lithium hydroxide (LiOH) (∼99.0 wt %), and reduced energy consumption to as low as 103 kJ/kg_BM. A 20 cm² MEA reactor demonstrated stable operation for 1,000 h, processing ∼57 g of LFP BM and maintaining an average Li recovery rate of 89.8%. Additionally, the MEA reactor can be adapted to a roll-to-roll fashion to produce 0.98 M LiOH and can be extended to other cathode materials such as LiMn₂O₄, LiNi_0.5Mn_0.3Co_0.2O₂, and hybrid cathode materials.

传统的锂离子（Li-ion）电池回收技术，包括火法冶金和湿法冶金，需要提高温度或大量的化学投入来冶炼或浸出固体电池材料以分离锂。在这项工作中，我们利用电池正极材料的固有损耗化学作为分离机制，设计了零间隙膜电极组装（MEA）反应器，用于从废LiFePO4 （LFP）电池黑质（BM）中可持续、可扩展且经济高效地回收锂。我们的策略取得了令人印象深刻的锂提取法拉第效率96.4%，产生高纯度的氢氧化锂（LiOH）（~ 99.0 wt %），并将能耗降低到103 kJ/kgBM。20 cm2的MEA反应器可稳定运行1,000 h，处理约57 g LFP BM，并保持平均锂回收率89.8%。此外，MEA反应器可以适应卷对卷方式产生0.98 M的LiOH，并可以扩展到其他阴极材料，如LiMn2O4， LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2和混合阴极材料。

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引用次数: 0

Li–Si compound anodes enabling high-performance all-solid-state Li-ion batteries 锂硅复合阳极实现高性能全固态锂离子电池

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102195

Do-Hyeon Kim , Young-Han Lee , Jeong-Myeong Yoon , Pugalenthiyar Thondaiman , Byung Chul Kim , In-Chul Choi , Jeong-Hee Choi , Ki-Joon Jeon , Cheol-Min Park

Silicon (Si) is an attractive high-capacity anode material for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries (ASSLIBs). However, significant volume change, low ionic/electronic conductivity, poor solid-electrolyte compatibility, and high stack pressure requirements limit its practical applications. To address these issues, we propose Li–Si compound anodes for ASSLIBs, selected based on formation energies predicted by density functional theory. Among the Li–Si compounds, Li₇Si₃ (Li_2.33Si) exhibits the highest ionic conductivity along with high electronic conductivity, making it an ideal anode material. Moreover, its Li-storage mechanism (Li_{2.33 + α}Si, 0 < α < 0.92) enables ultra-stable cycling with negligible volume change. A Li_2.33Si|LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ full cell achieved high areal capacity, long cycle life, fast rate capability, wide operating temperature range, and low stack pressure, demonstrating that the Li_2.33Si anode meets all the key requirements for high-performance anodes. Consequently, Li–Si compound anodes will serve as a key enabler for advancing ASSLIB technology, with the concept broadly extendable to other Li-based compounds.

硅（Si）是全固态锂离子电池（asslib）极具吸引力的高容量负极材料。然而，体积变化大、离子/电子电导率低、固体-电解质相容性差、堆压要求高等限制了其实际应用。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了基于密度泛函理论预测的形成能选择的asslib锂硅复合阳极。在Li-Si化合物中，Li7Si3 （Li2.33Si）具有最高的离子电导率和较高的电子电导率，是理想的阳极材料。此外，它的锂存储机制（Li2.33 + α si, 0 < α < 0.92）实现了可忽略体积变化的超稳定循环。一个Li2.33Si|LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2全电池实现了高面积容量、长循环寿命、快速率能力、宽工作温度范围和低堆叠压力，表明Li2.33Si阳极满足高性能阳极的所有关键要求。因此，锂硅化合物阳极将成为推进ASSLIB技术的关键推动者，其概念可广泛扩展到其他锂基化合物。

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引用次数: 0

All-climate battery energy storage 全气候电池储能

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102178

Chao-Yang Wang , Kaiqiang Qin , Nitesh Gupta

We examine the latest developments in all-climate batteries (ACBs) that enable efficient and resilient energy storage across extreme temperature ranges, e.g., from −50^oC to +60^oC. A figure of merit is presented to quantify where the current state of art, the latest advances and the future targets stand in this rapidly evolving field. We review two distinctive approaches driving power and stability improvements in both low- and high-temperature environments: materials innovation (particularly electrolyte formulations) and thermal actuation. It is found that there are still two-orders-of-magnitude gaps from the ACB target of high-temperature stability by materials innovation alone and that the material-thermal synergetic approach promises to attain the dual goals of ACBs for uncompromised power and stability at both low and high temperatures. Future research should be focused on developing heat-tolerant electrolytes and electrodes that can survive in 70^oC–85^oC environments.

我们研究了全气候电池（acb）的最新发展，这些电池能够在极端温度范围内（例如从- 50℃到+60℃）实现高效和有弹性的能量存储。在这个快速发展的领域中，提出了一个价值数字来量化当前的艺术状态、最新进展和未来目标。我们回顾了在低温和高温环境中驱动功率和稳定性改进的两种不同方法：材料创新（特别是电解质配方）和热致动。研究发现，单靠材料创新与ACB的高温稳定性目标还有两个数量级的差距，而材料-热协同方法有望实现ACB在低温和高温下不影响功率和稳定性的双重目标。未来的研究应该集中在开发能够在70℃- 85℃环境下生存的耐热电解质和电极上。

引用次数: 0

Aligned-pore engineering: Decoupling gas-liquid transport in gas diffusion electrodes 排列孔工程：气体扩散电极中的气液输运解耦

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102199

Qin Peng , Haokai Xu , Yuan He , Yutong Jiang , Zhenglong Wu , Yudong Zhang , Xun Zhu , Jun Li , Wei Yang , Qiang Liao

The performance of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) with high catalyst loadings for multiphase electrochemical conversion is often compromised by sluggish mass transport arising from competing gas-liquid transport through the tortuous pore structure. Inspired by ridge-furrow irrigation in agriculture, we propose an aligned-pore engineering strategy to decouple the competing transport processes by leveraging pore-size-dependent capillary forces and enrich abundant three-phase interfaces (TPIs) in GDEs. Compared with a conventional electrode, the engineered electrode has a 46% lower mass transport impedance and 1.96-fold more TPIs. The optimized electrode delivers a maximum power (current) density of 85.5 mW cm⁻² (634.4 mA cm⁻²), which is 82% (83%) higher than that of the conventional electrode, standing out as the highest reported for air-breathing membraneless direct formate fuel cells (DFFCs). The universality of this strategy is validated for direct methanol fuel cells, zinc-air batteries, and CO₂ electrolysis cells, demonstrating broad applicability for high-performance GDEs.

高催化剂负载的气体扩散电极（GDEs）的多相电化学转化性能经常受到通过弯曲孔隙结构的气液相互竞争所引起的缓慢的质量传递的影响。受农业垄沟灌溉的启发，我们提出了一种对齐孔工程策略，通过利用孔径依赖的毛细力和丰富的GDEs三相界面（tpi）来解耦竞争的运输过程。与传统电极相比，工程电极的质量传输阻抗降低了46%，tpi增加了1.96倍。优化后的电极提供的最大功率（电流）密度为85.5 mW cm - 2 (634.4 mA cm - 2)，比传统电极高82%(83%)，是目前报道的呼吸式无膜直接甲酸盐燃料电池（DFFCs）中最高的。该策略的通用性在直接甲醇燃料电池、锌空气电池和二氧化碳电解电池中得到了验证，证明了高性能gde的广泛适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Energy innovation in the US buildings sector: Setting the stage and mapping the future 美国建筑行业的能源创新：搭建舞台，勾画未来

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102137

Jared Langevin , Eric J.H. Wilson

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Jared Langevin is a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where he leads modeling of US buildings sector innovation and its implications for energy demand, consumer costs, and the power grid.

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Eric Wilson is a senior research engineer in the Building Technologies and Sciences Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Much of his 15-year career at NREL has revolved around modeling and analysis of the US building stock.

Jared and Eric co-led the development of a National Blueprint for buildings sector innovation while serving as advisors to the US Department of Energy’s Deputy Assistant Secretary for Buildings and Industry.

jared Langevin是劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室的一名科学家，在那里他领导了美国建筑行业创新的建模及其对能源需求、消费者成本和电网的影响。eric Wilson是美国国家可再生能源实验室（NREL）建筑技术与科学中心的高级研究工程师。他在NREL的15年职业生涯中，大部分时间都围绕着美国建筑存量的建模和分析。贾里德和埃里克共同领导了国家建筑行业创新蓝图的发展，同时担任美国能源部建筑和工业副助理部长的顾问。

引用次数: 0

Critical minerals extraction from geothermal brines 从地热盐水中提取关键矿物

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102171

H.C.S. Subasinghe , Hanrui Zhang , Feifei Shi , Mohammad Rezaee , Arash Dahi Taleghani

Geothermal brines represent promising secondary sources of critical minerals (CMs) with significant environmental advantages over traditional mining. This review evaluates single-element and emerging hybrid extraction approaches, finding that no single-element method can effectively overcome the unique challenges of geothermal brines: high temperatures (80°C–350°C), substantial flow rates (up to 11,350 m³/h), and high total dissolved solids (up to 30%). While emerging hybrid technologies—such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-aided nanofiltration, self-driven adsorption systems, and bipolar membrane capacitive deionization—show promising separation performance at the laboratory scale, their field applicability remains largely untested. As such, further pilot-scale validation is needed before these methods can be considered viable for industrial deployment. Compared with conventional mining and traditional salar brine operations, geothermal CM extraction demonstrates superior performance in production time (days versus months), land use (∼1%–2% of salar operations), carbon emissions (∼85% reduction), water consumption, and energy integration potential. However, successful commercialization requires addressing key challenges in extraction selectivity, material stability under harsh conditions, and scaling economics. Future advancements should focus on developing temperature-resilient materials, AI-driven process optimization, and comprehensive life cycle assessments to validate sustainability claims.

地热卤水是重要矿物（CMs）的有前途的二次来源，与传统采矿相比具有显著的环境优势。本文评估了单元素和新兴的混合提取方法，发现没有一种单元素方法可以有效地克服地热盐水的独特挑战：高温（80°C - 350°C）、大流速（高达11350 m3/h）和高总溶解固体（高达30%）。虽然新兴的混合技术，如乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）辅助纳滤、自驱动吸附系统和双极膜电容去离子，在实验室规模上显示出很好的分离性能，但它们的现场适用性仍在很大程度上未经测试。因此，在这些方法被认为可用于工业部署之前，需要进一步的中试规模验证。与传统采矿和传统盐沼卤水作业相比，地热CM开采在生产时间（天数vs月）、土地利用（盐沼作业的1% ~ 2%）、碳排放（减少约85%）、水消耗和能源整合潜力方面表现出更优越的性能。然而，成功的商业化需要解决萃取选择性、恶劣条件下材料稳定性和规模经济等关键挑战。未来的发展应侧重于开发温度弹性材料、人工智能驱动的工艺优化以及全面的生命周期评估，以验证可持续性主张。

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引用次数: 0

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