Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.010
Min Ju Jeong , Jae Won Ahn , Soo Woong Jeon , Sung Yong Kim , Jun Hong Noh
Pseudo-halide anion formate (HCOO−) in halide perovskite has been widely employed to improve film quality without altering the band gap. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the effect on perovskite films depending on the chemical bonding state of formate. Herein, we demonstrated the distinguishable crystallization behavior of FAPbI3 film by comparing the formate salts with different bonding states. Furthermore, we found that distinct passivation mechanisms depended on the cations of formate salts, which resulted in the differences in device performance. Notably, sodium-based formate exhibited simultaneous bi-directional behavior of cation and anion, distinguishing it from other formate salts. Consequently, the device exhibited an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.6% with a significantly high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.18 V. This work provides insights into the effect on the chemical bonding state of formate, as well as different passivation mechanisms depending on the cations of formate salts.
{"title":"Designed bi-directional cation/anion interfacial distribution of perovskite solar cells","authors":"Min Ju Jeong , Jae Won Ahn , Soo Woong Jeon , Sung Yong Kim , Jun Hong Noh","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pseudo-halide anion formate (HCOO<sup>−</sup>) in halide perovskite has been widely employed to improve film quality without altering the band gap. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the effect on perovskite films depending on the chemical bonding state of formate. Herein, we demonstrated the distinguishable crystallization behavior of FAPbI<sub>3</sub> film by comparing the formate salts with different bonding states. Furthermore, we found that distinct passivation mechanisms depended on the cations of formate salts, which resulted in the differences in device performance. Notably, sodium-based formate exhibited simultaneous bi-directional behavior of cation and anion, distinguishing it from other formate salts. Consequently, the device exhibited an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.6% with a significantly high open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em><sub><em>oc</em></sub>) of 1.18 V. This work provides insights into the effect on the chemical bonding state of formate, as well as different passivation mechanisms depending on the cations of formate salts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 11","pages":"Pages 3186-3200"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.008
R. Basuhi , Karan Bhuwalka , Elizabeth A. Moore , Isabel Diersen , Rameen H. Malik , Eric Young , Romain G. Billy , Robert Stoner , Gerbrand Ceder , Daniel B. Müller , Richard Roth , Elsa A. Olivetti
Unprecedented demand for critical energy transition metals will expand global mineral supply and reshape commodity landscapes. We discuss the opportunity for demand signals to discern the nature of supply development and create incentives for sustainable production in the long term. We focus on global nickel supply and outline the nickel industry’s challenges in aligning economic incentives and socio-ecological impacts as it responds to growing demand. We explore the evolving role of Indonesia in the nickel and battery supply chain and envision how discerning demand structures can influence regional production priorities. We argue that discerning demand signals must be translated into responsible practices with effective standards to support low-impact nickel processing. To this end, coordinated minerals policy, harmonized governance mechanisms, and inclusive decision-making processes will be essential.
{"title":"Clean energy demand must secure sustainable nickel supply","authors":"R. Basuhi , Karan Bhuwalka , Elizabeth A. Moore , Isabel Diersen , Rameen H. Malik , Eric Young , Romain G. Billy , Robert Stoner , Gerbrand Ceder , Daniel B. Müller , Richard Roth , Elsa A. Olivetti","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unprecedented demand for critical energy transition metals will expand global mineral supply and reshape commodity landscapes. We discuss the opportunity for demand signals to discern the nature of supply development and create incentives for sustainable production in the long term. We focus on global nickel supply and outline the nickel industry’s challenges in aligning economic incentives and socio-ecological impacts as it responds to growing demand. We explore the evolving role of Indonesia in the nickel and battery supply chain and envision how discerning demand structures can influence regional production priorities. We argue that discerning demand signals must be translated into responsible practices with effective standards to support low-impact nickel processing. To this end, coordinated minerals policy, harmonized governance mechanisms, and inclusive decision-making processes will be essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 11","pages":"Pages 2960-2973"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.08.002
Yupeng Wang (王玉鹏) , Xinzhi Wu (吴新志) , Mao Yu (于茂) , Xuehua Shen (沈雪华) , Shuaihua Wang (王帅华) , Huan Li (李欢) , Zuotai Zhang (张作泰) , Weishu Liu (刘玮书)
The thermoelectric cyclic-thermal-regulation (TEcR) system was defined as cyclical heat pumping between two vessels in a transient mode, which has emerged as a new application in gas separation and temperature-driven soft robots. Here, we provided systematic theoretical fundamentals relative to the TEcR system and proposed the determining factors and performance scales. We have also designed and fabricated a thermoelectric CO2-gas-separation system based on low-temperature adsorption and high-temperature desorption, verifying the feasibility of the TEcR system. Our experiments unequivocally demonstrate the significant potential of the TEcR system, with energy consumption savings of 42% and cycle frequency improvements of 2.5 times compared with electrical heater systems. We also proposed an empirical figure of merit to guide the thermoelectric material optimization strategies for the TEcR application. Our work sheds light on the new application of thermoelectric materials, which would generate implications for a wide range of industrial applications that use multi-plate thermal energy.
{"title":"Thermoelectric cyclic-thermal regulation: A new operational mode of thermoelectric materials with high energy efficiency","authors":"Yupeng Wang (王玉鹏) , Xinzhi Wu (吴新志) , Mao Yu (于茂) , Xuehua Shen (沈雪华) , Shuaihua Wang (王帅华) , Huan Li (李欢) , Zuotai Zhang (张作泰) , Weishu Liu (刘玮书)","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermoelectric cyclic-thermal-regulation (TEcR) system was defined as cyclical heat pumping between two vessels in a transient mode, which has emerged as a new application in gas separation and temperature-driven soft robots. Here, we provided systematic theoretical fundamentals relative to the TEcR system and proposed the determining factors and performance scales. We have also designed and fabricated a thermoelectric CO<sub>2</sub>-gas-separation system based on low-temperature adsorption and high-temperature desorption, verifying the feasibility of the TEcR system. Our experiments unequivocally demonstrate the significant potential of the TEcR system, with energy consumption savings of 42% and cycle frequency improvements of 2.5 times compared with electrical heater systems. We also proposed an empirical figure of merit to guide the thermoelectric material optimization strategies for the TEcR application. Our work sheds light on the new application of thermoelectric materials, which would generate implications for a wide range of industrial applications that use multi-plate thermal energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 11","pages":"Pages 3201-3216"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.08.005
Sultan Alnajdi , Ali Naderi Beni , Albraa A. Alsaati , Mitul Luhar , Amy E. Childress , David M. Warsinger
Increasing the energy efficiency in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is crucial to address worsening climate change and water scarcity. This study uses data from 39 facilities and detailed modeling to identify configurations for conventional, state-of-the-art, and practical minimum energy use. Performance benchmarks for pump efficiency, membrane permeability, membrane spacer mass-transfer coefficient, and pre- and post treatment were developed. Current systems use substantially more energy than the thermodynamic least work; 69% of this excess energy can be eliminated using state-of-the-art methods, and 82% with future technologies like batch reverse osmosis (RO). Additionally, isobaric energy recovery devices (ERDs) can save significant energy in conventional designs. We also map out the impact on energy of a wide range of operating conditions, including salinity, water flux, and water recovery. The most impactful high-efficiency solutions include using batch and semi-batch configurations, using the most efficient pumps, and operating at lower flux.
{"title":"Practical minimum energy use of seawater reverse osmosis","authors":"Sultan Alnajdi , Ali Naderi Beni , Albraa A. Alsaati , Mitul Luhar , Amy E. Childress , David M. Warsinger","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing the energy efficiency in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is crucial to address worsening climate change and water scarcity. This study uses data from 39 facilities and detailed modeling to identify configurations for conventional, state-of-the-art, and practical minimum energy use. Performance benchmarks for pump efficiency, membrane permeability, membrane spacer mass-transfer coefficient, and pre- and post treatment were developed. Current systems use substantially more energy than the thermodynamic least work; 69% of this excess energy can be eliminated using state-of-the-art methods, and 82% with future technologies like batch reverse osmosis (RO). Additionally, isobaric energy recovery devices (ERDs) can save significant energy in conventional designs. We also map out the impact on energy of a wide range of operating conditions, including salinity, water flux, and water recovery. The most impactful high-efficiency solutions include using batch and semi-batch configurations, using the most efficient pumps, and operating at lower flux.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 11","pages":"Pages 3088-3105"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142161168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.011
Xintong Yuan , Dongfang Cheng , Bo Liu , Kaiyan Liang , Keyue Liang , Jiayi Yu , Matthew Mecklenburg , Philippe Sautet , Yuzhang Li
Battery performance is strongly influenced by the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that forms from electrolyte decomposition and remains a key target for engineering design. Whereas traditional approaches to tune the SEI have focused on electrolyte chemistry, we show that manipulating the electric field offers a novel approach. Here, we change the electrical double layer (EDL) composition by either applying or removing the local electric field, which directly controls SEI formation. Surprisingly, the solvent-derived SEI known to form in a conventional electrolyte exhibits anion-enhanced chemistry when the electric field is removed, which is attributed to the Coulombic interaction between the electric field and free anions. With the electric field control, we produce an anion-enhanced SEI in conventional electrolytes that demonstrates improved battery cycling and corrosion resistance. Together, our findings highlight the importance of EDL composition and demonstrate electric field strength as a new parameter to tune SEI structure and chemistry.
电池性能受电解质分解形成的固态电解质间相（SEI）的影响很大，这仍然是工程设计的一个关键目标。调整 SEI 的传统方法侧重于电解质化学，而我们的研究表明，操纵电场提供了一种新方法。在这里，我们通过施加或消除局部电场来改变电双层（EDL）的组成，从而直接控制 SEI 的形成。令人惊讶的是，当电场被移除时，已知在传统电解质中形成的溶剂衍生 SEI 会表现出阴离子增强化学反应，这归因于电场与游离阴离子之间的库仑相互作用。通过电场控制，我们在传统电解质中产生了阴离子增强型 SEI，从而改善了电池的循环性和耐腐蚀性。总之，我们的研究结果凸显了 EDL 成分的重要性，并证明电场强度是调整 SEI 结构和化学性质的新参数。
{"title":"Engineering battery corrosion films by tuning electrical double layer composition","authors":"Xintong Yuan , Dongfang Cheng , Bo Liu , Kaiyan Liang , Keyue Liang , Jiayi Yu , Matthew Mecklenburg , Philippe Sautet , Yuzhang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Battery performance is strongly influenced by the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that forms from electrolyte decomposition and remains a key target for engineering design. Whereas traditional approaches to tune the SEI have focused on electrolyte chemistry, we show that manipulating the electric field offers a novel approach. Here, we change the electrical double layer (EDL) composition by either applying or removing the local electric field, which directly controls SEI formation. Surprisingly, the solvent-derived SEI known to form in a conventional electrolyte exhibits anion-enhanced chemistry when the electric field is removed, which is attributed to the Coulombic interaction between the electric field and free anions. With the electric field control, we produce an anion-enhanced SEI in conventional electrolytes that demonstrates improved battery cycling and corrosion resistance. Together, our findings highlight the importance of EDL composition and demonstrate electric field strength as a new parameter to tune SEI structure and chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 11","pages":"Pages 3038-3053"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.009
Xingcheng Li , Shuang Gao , Xin Wu , Qi Liu , Leilei Zhu , Chenyue Wang , Yangkai Wang , Zheng Liu , Wenjing Chen , Xinyu Li , Peng Xiao , Qiuping Huang , Tao Chen , Zhenyu Li , Xingyu Gao , Zhengguo Xiao , Yalin Lu , Xiaocheng Zeng , Shuang Xiao , Zonglong Zhu , Shangfeng Yang
Crystallization orientation and the buried interface have been proven to be key factors determining the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we report a facile strategy to concomitantly induce (100)-oriented perovskite and improve buried interface by incorporating a bifunctional ligand 2-(methylthio) ethylamine hydrochloride (METEAM) into perovskite precursor solution. METEAM molecules preferentially adsorb on (100) facets of perovskite via strong interactions with perovskite lattice to induce oriented perovskite crystallization. Meanwhile, METEAM molecules spontaneously aggregate at the buried interface and operate as a bridge between the perovskite and tin oxide (SnO2) electron transport layer to bidirectionally passivate their defects. As-prepared perovskite films exhibit suitable energy level and high mobility for interfacial charge transfer, low trap state density, and long carrier lifetime. The resultant conventional-structure PSC devices deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.1% (certified 25.8%) with improved operational and ambient stabilities, which is among the highest PCE of conventional PSCs.
{"title":"Bifunctional ligand-induced preferred crystal orientation enables highly efficient perovskite solar cells","authors":"Xingcheng Li , Shuang Gao , Xin Wu , Qi Liu , Leilei Zhu , Chenyue Wang , Yangkai Wang , Zheng Liu , Wenjing Chen , Xinyu Li , Peng Xiao , Qiuping Huang , Tao Chen , Zhenyu Li , Xingyu Gao , Zhengguo Xiao , Yalin Lu , Xiaocheng Zeng , Shuang Xiao , Zonglong Zhu , Shangfeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystallization orientation and the buried interface have been proven to be key factors determining the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we report a facile strategy to concomitantly induce (100)-oriented perovskite and improve buried interface by incorporating a bifunctional ligand 2-(methylthio) ethylamine hydrochloride (METEAM) into perovskite precursor solution. METEAM molecules preferentially adsorb on (100) facets of perovskite via strong interactions with perovskite lattice to induce oriented perovskite crystallization. Meanwhile, METEAM molecules spontaneously aggregate at the buried interface and operate as a bridge between the perovskite and tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) electron transport layer to bidirectionally passivate their defects. As-prepared perovskite films exhibit suitable energy level and high mobility for interfacial charge transfer, low trap state density, and long carrier lifetime. The resultant conventional-structure PSC devices deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.1% (certified 25.8%) with improved operational and ambient stabilities, which is among the highest PCE of conventional PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 11","pages":"Pages 3169-3185"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.08.001
Lei Zhu (朱磊) , Ming Zhang , Guanqing Zhou , Zaiyu Wang , Wenkai Zhong , Jiaxin Zhuang , Zichun Zhou , Xingyu Gao , Lixuan Kan , Bonan Hao , Fei Han , Rui Zeng , Xiaonan Xue , Shengjie Xu , Hao Jing , Biao Xiao , Haiming Zhu , Yongming Zhang , Feng Liu (刘烽)
Additive-assisted layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition affords interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology with a bulk p-i-n feature and proper vertical segregation in organic solar cells (OSCs). This approach captures the balance between material interaction and crystallization that locks the characteristic length scales at tens of nanometers to suit exciton and carrier diffusion, thereby reducing recombination losses. On the other hand, the wrinkle-pattern morphology generated due to Marangoni-Bénard instability and radial flow during spin-coating couples with the reflective back electrode, inducing diffuse reflection and thus enhancing light capture capability. The nano-to-micron hierarchical morphology in proper vertical segregation achieves a record-breaking power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.8% for small-area devices and 17.0% for mini-module devices. The new processing and the resulted 3D morphology better suit photon and carrier dynamics in operation, such that a notable improvement in device operational stability is recorded, which offers a plausible strategy toward practical organic photovoltaic technology.
{"title":"Achieving 20.8% organic solar cells via additive-assisted layer-by-layer fabrication with bulk p-i-n structure and improved optical management","authors":"Lei Zhu (朱磊) , Ming Zhang , Guanqing Zhou , Zaiyu Wang , Wenkai Zhong , Jiaxin Zhuang , Zichun Zhou , Xingyu Gao , Lixuan Kan , Bonan Hao , Fei Han , Rui Zeng , Xiaonan Xue , Shengjie Xu , Hao Jing , Biao Xiao , Haiming Zhu , Yongming Zhang , Feng Liu (刘烽)","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive-assisted layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition affords interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology with a bulk <em>p-i-n</em> feature and proper vertical segregation in organic solar cells (OSCs). This approach captures the balance between material interaction and crystallization that locks the characteristic length scales at tens of nanometers to suit exciton and carrier diffusion, thereby reducing recombination losses. On the other hand, the wrinkle-pattern morphology generated due to Marangoni-Bénard instability and radial flow during spin-coating couples with the reflective back electrode, inducing diffuse reflection and thus enhancing light capture capability. The nano-to-micron hierarchical morphology in proper vertical segregation achieves a record-breaking power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.8% for small-area devices and 17.0% for mini-module devices. The new processing and the resulted 3D morphology better suit photon and carrier dynamics in operation, such that a notable improvement in device operational stability is recorded, which offers a plausible strategy toward practical organic photovoltaic technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 11","pages":"Pages 3153-3168"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.002
Ruohan Guo , Jinpeng Tian
Battery storage systems (BSSs) are emerging as pivotal components for facilitating the global transition toward transportation electrification and grid-scale renewable energy integration. Nevertheless, a significant research gap persists due to the lack of large-scale, publicly available field data from real-world BSS deployments, thereby hindering the advancement of state-of-the-art health monitoring for lithium-ion batteries. In a recent issue of Nature Energy, Figgener et al. have introduced a large-scale dataset containing field measurements from 21 household BSSs in Germany over 8 years, now publicly accessible via Zenodo. This dataset serves as the first of its kind in the battery research field, laying the groundwork for bridging laboratory research and real-world applications.
{"title":"Battery health management in the era of big field data","authors":"Ruohan Guo , Jinpeng Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Battery storage systems (BSSs) are emerging as pivotal components for facilitating the global transition toward transportation electrification and grid-scale renewable energy integration. Nevertheless, a significant research gap persists due to the lack of large-scale, publicly available field data from real-world BSS deployments, thereby hindering the advancement of state-of-the-art health monitoring for lithium-ion batteries. In a recent issue of <em>Nature Energy</em>, Figgener et al. have introduced a large-scale dataset containing field measurements from 21 household BSSs in Germany over 8 years, now publicly accessible via Zenodo. This dataset serves as the first of its kind in the battery research field, laying the groundwork for bridging laboratory research and real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 11","pages":"Pages 2951-2953"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.017
Calvin H. Lin , Chenghao Wan , Zhennan Ru , Connor Cremers , Pinak Mohapatra , Dolly L. Mantle , Kesha Tamakuwala , Ariana B. Höfelmann , Matthew W. Kanan , Juan Rivas-Davila , Jonathan A. Fan
We present metamaterial reactors as an innovative class of electrified thermochemical reactors that utilize high-frequency magnetic induction of an open-lattice metamaterial baffle to generate volumetric heat. A central design feature is the modeling of the metamaterial as an effective electrically conducting medium, abstracting its detailed microscopic geometry to a macroscopic susceptor description suitable for reactor-scale electromagnetic characterization. Co-design of the power electronics with the metamaterial provides design rules for efficient and volumetric heating, including the requirement for high induction frequencies. We implement lab-scale reactors with ceramic metamaterial baffles (39 mm in diameter) and megahertz-frequency power amplifiers to perform the reverse water-gas shift reaction, demonstrating reactor operation with near-unity heating efficiencies and radially uniform heating profiles. These clean energy concepts provide a broader context for structured reactors in which volumetric internal heating and complementary reaction engineering properties are collectively tailored to enable ideal operation regimes.
{"title":"Electrified thermochemical reaction systems with high-frequency metamaterial reactors","authors":"Calvin H. Lin , Chenghao Wan , Zhennan Ru , Connor Cremers , Pinak Mohapatra , Dolly L. Mantle , Kesha Tamakuwala , Ariana B. Höfelmann , Matthew W. Kanan , Juan Rivas-Davila , Jonathan A. Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present metamaterial reactors as an innovative class of electrified thermochemical reactors that utilize high-frequency magnetic induction of an open-lattice metamaterial baffle to generate volumetric heat. A central design feature is the modeling of the metamaterial as an effective electrically conducting medium, abstracting its detailed microscopic geometry to a macroscopic susceptor description suitable for reactor-scale electromagnetic characterization. Co-design of the power electronics with the metamaterial provides design rules for efficient and volumetric heating, including the requirement for high induction frequencies. We implement lab-scale reactors with ceramic metamaterial baffles (39 mm in diameter) and megahertz-frequency power amplifiers to perform the reverse water-gas shift reaction, demonstrating reactor operation with near-unity heating efficiencies and radially uniform heating profiles. These clean energy concepts provide a broader context for structured reactors in which volumetric internal heating and complementary reaction engineering properties are collectively tailored to enable ideal operation regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 10","pages":"Pages 2938-2949"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.004
Colin P. O’Brien , David McLaughlin , Thomas Böhm , Yurou Celine Xiao , Jonathan P. Edwards , Christine M. Gabardo , Markus Bierling , Joshua Wicks , Armin Sedighian Rasouli , Jehad Abed , Daniel Young , Cao-Thang Dinh , Edward H. Sargent , Simon Thiele , David Sinton
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction offers a means to produce value-added multi-carbon products and mitigate CO2 emissions. However, the stability of CO2 electrolyzers for C2+ products has not exceeded 200 h—well below that of CO- and H2-producing electrolyzers—and the most stable systems employ low-conductivity substrates incompatible with scale. Current gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) become filled with salt precipitate and electrolyte, which limits CO2 availability at the catalyst beyond 30 h. We develop a GDE architecture that is resistant to flooding and maintains stable performance for >400 h. Using a combination of focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, and a purpose-built array tomography technique, we determine that the enhanced stability is due to a percolating network of polytetrafluoroethylene in the microporous layer that retains hydrophobicity. We scale this approach in an 800 cm2 cell and an 8,000 cm2 stack and transfer >108 C, the largest reported CO2 electrolysis demonstration.
电催化二氧化碳还原为生产高附加值的多碳产品和减少二氧化碳排放提供了一种方法。然而，生产 C2+ 产品的二氧化碳电解槽的稳定性尚未超过 200 小时，远远低于生产 CO 和 H2 的电解槽的稳定性，而且最稳定的系统采用的是与规模不相容的低导电率基质。利用聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜、微观计算机断层扫描和专门设计的阵列断层扫描技术，我们确定稳定性增强的原因是微孔层中的聚四氟乙烯渗流网络保持了疏水性。我们在一个 800 平方厘米的电池和一个 8,000 平方厘米的堆栈中推广了这种方法，并转移了 108 C 的二氧化碳，这是目前报道的最大的二氧化碳电解演示。
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