Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102137
Jared Langevin , Eric J.H. Wilson
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Jared Langevin is a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where he leads modeling of US buildings sector innovation and its implications for energy demand, consumer costs, and the power grid.
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Eric Wilson is a senior research engineer in the Building Technologies and Sciences Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Much of his 15-year career at NREL has revolved around modeling and analysis of the US building stock.
Jared and Eric co-led the development of a National Blueprint for buildings sector innovation while serving as advisors to the US Department of Energy’s Deputy Assistant Secretary for Buildings and Industry.
jared Langevin是劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室的一名科学家，在那里他领导了美国建筑行业创新的建模及其对能源需求、消费者成本和电网的影响。eric Wilson是美国国家可再生能源实验室（NREL）建筑技术与科学中心的高级研究工程师。他在NREL的15年职业生涯中，大部分时间都围绕着美国建筑存量的建模和分析。贾里德和埃里克共同领导了国家建筑行业创新蓝图的发展，同时担任美国能源部建筑和工业副助理部长的顾问。
{"title":"Energy innovation in the US buildings sector: Setting the stage and mapping the future","authors":"Jared Langevin , Eric J.H. Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (376KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span>Jared Langevin is a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where he leads modeling of US buildings sector innovation and its implications for energy demand, consumer costs, and the power grid.</div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (385KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span>Eric Wilson is a senior research engineer in the Building Technologies and Sciences Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Much of his 15-year career at NREL has revolved around modeling and analysis of the US building stock.</div><div>Jared and Eric co-led the development of a National Blueprint for buildings sector innovation while serving as advisors to the US Department of Energy’s Deputy Assistant Secretary for Buildings and Industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 12","pages":"Article 102137"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102200
Tian (Leo) Jin , Pin Chen , Jingtao Wang , Yuan Yu , Yue Gong , Qiang Zheng , Tianxing Wang , Yutong Lu , Rongqian Wu , Jie Chen , Yi Lyu , Shaohua Shen , Xiaofei Liu
Developing non-noble metal-based chlorine evolution reaction (CER) catalysts to compete with noble metals-containing dimensionally stable anodes is challenging. Multi-metal oxides are promising for CER, but their discovery heavily depends on human-driven experimentation. Herein, an atomic-level entropy-guided strategy combining density functional theory (DFT) and data-driven machine learning (ML) was developed to accelerate the discovery of non-noble metal-based MSb2O6-type trirutile antimonates for CER. The high-entropy effect could benefit CER with excellent activity and stability by optimizing the electronic structure. High-entropy trirutile antimonates, with oxygen vacancies and lattice strain, reduce the energy barrier at Cu sites for Cl∗ adsorption, achieving a record-low overpotential of 24 mV at 10 mA cm−2, >95% faradaic efficiency, and 160-h stability at 50 mA cm−2. The presented atomic-level entropy-guided strategy would inspire the rational design of highly active and stable electrocatalysts for CER and other electrocatalysis applications.
开发非贵金属基氯析出反应（CER）催化剂以与含贵金属的尺寸稳定阳极竞争是一项具有挑战性的工作。多金属氧化物很有希望用于CER，但它们的发现在很大程度上取决于人类驱动的实验。本文提出了一种原子级熵引导策略，结合密度泛函理论（DFT）和数据驱动机器学习（ML），以加速发现非贵金属基msb2o6型三萜锑酸盐。高熵效应通过优化电子结构使CER具有良好的活性和稳定性。具有氧空位和晶格应变的高熵三维锑酸盐降低了Cu位上Cl *吸附的能垒，在10 mA cm−2下达到了创纪录的24 mV过电位，95%的法拉第效率和50 mA cm−2下160 h的稳定性。本文提出的原子能级熵导策略将为CER和其他电催化应用提供高效稳定的电催化剂的合理设计。
{"title":"Entropy-guided discovery of denary trirutile antimonates for electrocatalytic chlorine evolution","authors":"Tian (Leo) Jin , Pin Chen , Jingtao Wang , Yuan Yu , Yue Gong , Qiang Zheng , Tianxing Wang , Yutong Lu , Rongqian Wu , Jie Chen , Yi Lyu , Shaohua Shen , Xiaofei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing non-noble metal-based chlorine evolution reaction (CER) catalysts to compete with noble metals-containing dimensionally stable anodes is challenging. Multi-metal oxides are promising for CER, but their discovery heavily depends on human-driven experimentation. Herein, an atomic-level entropy-guided strategy combining density functional theory (DFT) and data-driven machine learning (ML) was developed to accelerate the discovery of non-noble metal-based MSb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>-type trirutile antimonates for CER. The high-entropy effect could benefit CER with excellent activity and stability by optimizing the electronic structure. High-entropy trirutile antimonates, with oxygen vacancies and lattice strain, reduce the energy barrier at Cu sites for Cl∗ adsorption, achieving a record-low overpotential of 24 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, >95% faradaic efficiency, and 160-h stability at 50 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. The presented atomic-level entropy-guided strategy would inspire the rational design of highly active and stable electrocatalysts for CER and other electrocatalysis applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 12","pages":"Article 102200"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145485785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102171
H.C.S. Subasinghe , Hanrui Zhang , Feifei Shi , Mohammad Rezaee , Arash Dahi Taleghani
Geothermal brines represent promising secondary sources of critical minerals (CMs) with significant environmental advantages over traditional mining. This review evaluates single-element and emerging hybrid extraction approaches, finding that no single-element method can effectively overcome the unique challenges of geothermal brines: high temperatures (80°C–350°C), substantial flow rates (up to 11,350 m3/h), and high total dissolved solids (up to 30%). While emerging hybrid technologies—such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-aided nanofiltration, self-driven adsorption systems, and bipolar membrane capacitive deionization—show promising separation performance at the laboratory scale, their field applicability remains largely untested. As such, further pilot-scale validation is needed before these methods can be considered viable for industrial deployment. Compared with conventional mining and traditional salar brine operations, geothermal CM extraction demonstrates superior performance in production time (days versus months), land use (∼1%–2% of salar operations), carbon emissions (∼85% reduction), water consumption, and energy integration potential. However, successful commercialization requires addressing key challenges in extraction selectivity, material stability under harsh conditions, and scaling economics. Future advancements should focus on developing temperature-resilient materials, AI-driven process optimization, and comprehensive life cycle assessments to validate sustainability claims.
{"title":"Critical minerals extraction from geothermal brines","authors":"H.C.S. Subasinghe , Hanrui Zhang , Feifei Shi , Mohammad Rezaee , Arash Dahi Taleghani","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geothermal brines represent promising secondary sources of critical minerals (CMs) with significant environmental advantages over traditional mining. This review evaluates single-element and emerging hybrid extraction approaches, finding that no single-element method can effectively overcome the unique challenges of geothermal brines: high temperatures (80°C–350°C), substantial flow rates (up to 11,350 m<sup>3</sup>/h), and high total dissolved solids (up to 30%). While emerging hybrid technologies—such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-aided nanofiltration, self-driven adsorption systems, and bipolar membrane capacitive deionization—show promising separation performance at the laboratory scale, their field applicability remains largely untested. As such, further pilot-scale validation is needed before these methods can be considered viable for industrial deployment. Compared with conventional mining and traditional salar brine operations, geothermal CM extraction demonstrates superior performance in production time (days versus months), land use (∼1%–2% of salar operations), carbon emissions (∼85% reduction), water consumption, and energy integration potential. However, successful commercialization requires addressing key challenges in extraction selectivity, material stability under harsh conditions, and scaling economics. Future advancements should focus on developing temperature-resilient materials, AI-driven process optimization, and comprehensive life cycle assessments to validate sustainability claims.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 12","pages":"Article 102171"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102261
Haodan Guo , Yang Wang , Yanlin Song
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have contributed substantially to enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells. In Nature, Jen and co-workers reported a certified efficiency of 26.92% with superior thermal stability by cross-linkable co-SAM, enhancing the conformational stability of SAMs against thermal stresses and preventing perovskite decomposition in the buried interface.
{"title":"Robust buried interface by cross-linkable self-assembled monolayers","authors":"Haodan Guo , Yang Wang , Yanlin Song","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have contributed substantially to enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells. In <em>Nature</em>, Jen and co-workers reported a certified efficiency of 26.92% with superior thermal stability by cross-linkable co-SAM, enhancing the conformational stability of SAMs against thermal stresses and preventing perovskite decomposition in the buried interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 12","pages":"Article 102261"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102211
Ruy Sebastian Bonilla
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Sebastian Bonilla is an associate professor of materials at the University of Oxford, recognized for his work on silicon-based solar energy. He completed his doctorate at Oxford in 2015 and has held prestigious fellowships from EPSRC and the Royal Academy of Engineering. In 2022, he received the Philip Leverhulme Prize for Engineering. His research focuses on functional thin-film materials for photovoltaics, with major contributions to interface engineering, silicon passivation, hydrogen incorporation, and device reliability. His work bridges fundamental science and industrial application, advancing the performance and durability of solar and optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"The impact of transparent conducting electrodes on tandem solar cell efficiency","authors":"Ruy Sebastian Bonilla","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (295KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div><div>Sebastian Bonilla is an associate professor of materials at the University of Oxford, recognized for his work on silicon-based solar energy. He completed his doctorate at Oxford in 2015 and has held prestigious fellowships from EPSRC and the Royal Academy of Engineering. In 2022, he received the Philip Leverhulme Prize for Engineering. His research focuses on functional thin-film materials for photovoltaics, with major contributions to interface engineering, silicon passivation, hydrogen incorporation, and device reliability. His work bridges fundamental science and industrial application, advancing the performance and durability of solar and optoelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 12","pages":"Article 102211"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145545747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102214
Zhengui Zhou , Rong Liu , Jun Wan , Yi Long
Building energy consumption accounts for ∼30% of total global energy use, significantly resulting in greenhouse gas emissions and exacerbating the global energy crisis. Despite rapid advancements in energy-efficient technologies, there is a lack of a systematic understanding of optical designs, material selections, and device fabrication for different climate zones. This review provides a comprehensive overview of multispectral thermal management strategies for roofs/walls, windows, and indoor textiles, aiming to maximize energy savings across diverse climate zones and specifically address the pronounced research deficit concerning radiative heating systems applicable to high-altitude environments. The strategies of meticulous control of transmittance, reflectance, absorption, and emittance across the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectra are highlighted to meet the diverse requirements. This review offers a critical framework, design principles, and a roadmap for developing new energy-efficient technologies aimed at achieving carbon neutrality in specific climates, ultimately contributing to the goal of zero-energy buildings.
建筑能耗占全球总能耗的30%左右，严重导致温室气体排放，加剧了全球气候变化。
{"title":"Multispectral thermal management for energy-saving buildings in diverse climates: From facade to indoor personal thermal management","authors":"Zhengui Zhou , Rong Liu , Jun Wan , Yi Long","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building energy consumption accounts for ∼30% of total global energy use, significantly resulting in greenhouse gas emissions and exacerbating the global energy crisis. Despite rapid advancements in energy-efficient technologies, there is a lack of a systematic understanding of optical designs, material selections, and device fabrication for different climate zones. This review provides a comprehensive overview of multispectral thermal management strategies for roofs/walls, windows, and indoor textiles, aiming to maximize energy savings across diverse climate zones and specifically address the pronounced research deficit concerning radiative heating systems applicable to high-altitude environments. The strategies of meticulous control of transmittance, reflectance, absorption, and emittance across the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectra are highlighted to meet the diverse requirements. This review offers a critical framework, design principles, and a roadmap for developing new energy-efficient technologies aimed at achieving carbon neutrality in specific climates, ultimately contributing to the goal of zero-energy buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 12","pages":"Article 102214"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145560444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102202
Yutong Wu , Fei Gao , Yuhao Zhang , Guotao Wang , Shangbo Wang , Yu Zhao , Han Yang , Wenqi Wu , Wayko D. Wagner , Xiang Liu , Yunlei Zhou , Yi Zhang , Chao Wang , Zhoulu Wang
Yutong Wu received his PhD from the Georgia Institute of Technology at the age of 24 and was appointed as an associate professor at Nanjing Tech University at 25. He became one of the youngest recipients of the NSFC General Program grant after only 2 years of independent research based on the development of a low-cost, high-performance biphasic membraneless battery. His research focuses on the systematic development of eco-friendly materials and processes, with emphasis on hybrid electrolytes for commercial-scale energy storage and halogen recycling for environmental remediation.
Chao Wang is an assistant professor at Yangzhou University. He received his PhD in engineering from Nanjing University in 2021. His research interests mainly focus on aqueous energy storage and resource valorization, especially high-safety zinc battery technologies, and development of local light microscopy to visualize the processes. He has published over 50 papers in peer-reviewed, high-quality journals with an h-index of 27. He is the deputy secretary general of the Yangzhou Society of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.
Zhoulu Wang is an associate professor at Nanjing Tech University. She received her PhD in engineering from Nanjing Tech University in 2018 and completed her postdoctoral research at South China Normal University between 2019 and 2021. She joined the faculty of Nanjing Tech University in 2022. Her research focuses on battery electrode materials and polymer materials. Dr. Wang has published over 10 papers in leading journals, and she has also contributed to industrialization projects involving styrene butadiene rubber-based separator binders for Zn and Li-ion battery technologies.
{"title":"Everything works, almost: A perspective on material evaluation in aqueous battery research","authors":"Yutong Wu , Fei Gao , Yuhao Zhang , Guotao Wang , Shangbo Wang , Yu Zhao , Han Yang , Wenqi Wu , Wayko D. Wagner , Xiang Liu , Yunlei Zhou , Yi Zhang , Chao Wang , Zhoulu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yutong Wu received his PhD from the Georgia Institute of Technology at the age of 24 and was appointed as an associate professor at Nanjing Tech University at 25. He became one of the youngest recipients of the NSFC General Program grant after only 2 years of independent research based on the development of a low-cost, high-performance biphasic membraneless battery. His research focuses on the systematic development of eco-friendly materials and processes, with emphasis on hybrid electrolytes for commercial-scale energy storage and halogen recycling for environmental remediation.</div><div>Chao Wang is an assistant professor at Yangzhou University. He received his PhD in engineering from Nanjing University in 2021. His research interests mainly focus on aqueous energy storage and resource valorization, especially high-safety zinc battery technologies, and development of local light microscopy to visualize the processes. He has published over 50 papers in peer-reviewed, high-quality journals with an h-index of 27. He is the deputy secretary general of the Yangzhou Society of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.</div><div>Zhoulu Wang is an associate professor at Nanjing Tech University. She received her PhD in engineering from Nanjing Tech University in 2018 and completed her postdoctoral research at South China Normal University between 2019 and 2021. She joined the faculty of Nanjing Tech University in 2022. Her research focuses on battery electrode materials and polymer materials. Dr. Wang has published over 10 papers in leading journals, and she has also contributed to industrialization projects involving styrene butadiene rubber-based separator binders for Zn and Li-ion battery technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 12","pages":"Article 102202"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102230
Shengyu Tao , Guannan He , Changfu Zou
Zhou et al. introduce a multi-channel, multi-frequency electrical response (MMER) method that diagnoses hundreds of lithium-ion cells within 1 s. By replacing sequential impedance sweeps with parallel time-domain excitation, MMER bridges laboratory precision and factory-scale speed, enabling real-time, sustainable battery field testing across massive manufacturing, second-life reuse, and end-of-life recycling.
{"title":"Multi-frequency excitation enables one-second battery diagnostics across life cycle chain","authors":"Shengyu Tao , Guannan He , Changfu Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zhou et al. introduce a multi-channel, multi-frequency electrical response (MMER) method that diagnoses hundreds of lithium-ion cells within 1 s. By replacing sequential impedance sweeps with parallel time-domain excitation, MMER bridges laboratory precision and factory-scale speed, enabling real-time, sustainable battery field testing across massive manufacturing, second-life reuse, and end-of-life recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 12","pages":"Article 102230"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102217
Cuiping Zhang , Li Yang , Yufan Wu , Kun Wei , Dachang Liu , Jianfei Hu , Wanhai Wang , Shuping Pang , Bo Xu , Jinbao Zhang
High-efficiency n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs) inherently rely on doped 2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) as hole transport layers (HTLs). Yet, dopants (tert-butylpyridine [tBP] and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [LiTFSI]) instigate energy-level disorder and morphological degradation in HTLs, hampering technological advancement. Herein, we propose a redox-mediated nanoscale solid-state doping strategy using multifunctional CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots (CISQDs) to enhance the performance and operational stability of HTLs. The Cu2+/Cu+ redox-active centers in CISQD promote Spiro-OMeTAD⋅+ cation formation, facilitating efficient charge collection. Additionally, uncoordinated sulfur sites on the ZnS shell act as ionic traps, effectively immobilizing Li+ ions to further fortify the structural stability of HTLs. Based on this non-volatile solid-state doping strategy, tBP-free devices have achieved a record certified power conversion efficiency of 26.34% and demonstrate unprecedented operational reliability. The devices retain over 90% of initial performance after 2,000 h of continuous 1-sun illumination. This study presents a universal approach for reliable doping of organic materials in optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"Redox-mediated solid-state doping of Spiro-OMeTAD for efficient and robust perovskite photovoltaics","authors":"Cuiping Zhang , Li Yang , Yufan Wu , Kun Wei , Dachang Liu , Jianfei Hu , Wanhai Wang , Shuping Pang , Bo Xu , Jinbao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-efficiency n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs) inherently rely on doped 2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) as hole transport layers (HTLs). Yet, dopants (tert-butylpyridine [tBP] and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [LiTFSI]) instigate energy-level disorder and morphological degradation in HTLs, hampering technological advancement. Herein, we propose a redox-mediated nanoscale solid-state doping strategy using multifunctional CuInS<sub>2</sub>/ZnS quantum dots (CISQDs) to enhance the performance and operational stability of HTLs. The Cu<sup>2+</sup>/Cu<sup>+</sup> redox-active centers in CISQD promote Spiro-OMeTAD<sup>⋅+</sup> cation formation, facilitating efficient charge collection. Additionally, uncoordinated sulfur sites on the ZnS shell act as ionic traps, effectively immobilizing Li<sup>+</sup> ions to further fortify the structural stability of HTLs. Based on this non-volatile solid-state doping strategy, tBP-free devices have achieved a record certified power conversion efficiency of 26.34% and demonstrate unprecedented operational reliability. The devices retain over 90% of initial performance after 2,000 h of continuous 1-sun illumination. This study presents a universal approach for reliable doping of organic materials in optoelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 12","pages":"Article 102217"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145560624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar distillation with backward-evaporating structures has recently exhibited promising freshwater-production performance and attractive application prospects for alleviating global water scarcity using solar energy. Although sustainably efficient distillation approaches have been developed, extensive potential still exists in its efficiency promotion and sustainable operation, and specific pathways need to be explored toward practical applications. In this perspective, we discuss the theoretical limits of solar-to-water energy conversion efficiency and identify key approaches to improve the distillation process. We reveal the underlying mechanism of salt-ion movement of current effective anti-salt-precipitation approaches, and we illustrate how to accelerate or inhibit salt removal through tailored driving-force combinations. In addition, we highlight the balance between brine discharge and energy efficiency under brine conditions for sustainable and efficient distillation. Toward a wide application level, we summarize the integrated applications of backward-evaporating solar distillation in energy-resource co-production. We also propose scalable water-production operation modes and indicate the realistic challenges for scaled-up deployment. Finally, we conduct an economic assessment and technology comparison with other solar thermal desalination technologies, and we propose a cost evaluation method for guiding multistage system design, aiming to move this technology forward to practical applications.
{"title":"Backward-evaporating solar distillation: From efficiency promotion to practical application","authors":"Ziye Zhu , Yanjie Zheng , Hongfei Zheng , Jianyin Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar distillation with backward-evaporating structures has recently exhibited promising freshwater-production performance and attractive application prospects for alleviating global water scarcity using solar energy. Although sustainably efficient distillation approaches have been developed, extensive potential still exists in its efficiency promotion and sustainable operation, and specific pathways need to be explored toward practical applications. In this perspective, we discuss the theoretical limits of solar-to-water energy conversion efficiency and identify key approaches to improve the distillation process. We reveal the underlying mechanism of salt-ion movement of current effective anti-salt-precipitation approaches, and we illustrate how to accelerate or inhibit salt removal through tailored driving-force combinations. In addition, we highlight the balance between brine discharge and energy efficiency under brine conditions for sustainable and efficient distillation. Toward a wide application level, we summarize the integrated applications of backward-evaporating solar distillation in energy-resource co-production. We also propose scalable water-production operation modes and indicate the realistic challenges for scaled-up deployment. Finally, we conduct an economic assessment and technology comparison with other solar thermal desalination technologies, and we propose a cost evaluation method for guiding multistage system design, aiming to move this technology forward to practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 12","pages":"Article 102193"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145442075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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