Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102169
Xiaohei Wu, Xinrong Yang, Bowen Chang, Rui Sun, Jie Min
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have witnessed significant advancements in device efficiency and operational stability, with single-junction cells exceeding 20% efficiency and over 10,000 h of lifetime. These improvements have been primarily driven by the rapid development of novel non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) and their corresponding donor materials. Although relevant active layer materials are highly efficient and stable, their development largely relied on empirical trial-and-error approaches and the obsessive pursuit of performance metrics, with a limited understanding of the intricate structure-property relationships governing device performance, the suitable donor/acceptor (D/A) combinations, and component modulation. To bridge the gap between performance improvement and device practicality, this review examines and describes several important conceptual aspects of the emerging non-fullerene OPV systems that have provided fundamental insights into material design and D/A compatibility and further outlines the key challenges involved in NFA development and some perspectives along with useful material design guidelines. Looking forward, we will discuss some research directions in terms of NFA materials for further improving device collaboration performance.
{"title":"Material insights and challenges for organic photovoltaics based on non-fullerene acceptors","authors":"Xiaohei Wu, Xinrong Yang, Bowen Chang, Rui Sun, Jie Min","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102169","url":null,"abstract":"Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have witnessed significant advancements in device efficiency and operational stability, with single-junction cells exceeding 20% efficiency and over 10,000 h of lifetime. These improvements have been primarily driven by the rapid development of novel non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) and their corresponding donor materials. Although relevant active layer materials are highly efficient and stable, their development largely relied on empirical trial-and-error approaches and the obsessive pursuit of performance metrics, with a limited understanding of the intricate structure-property relationships governing device performance, the suitable donor/acceptor (D/A) combinations, and component modulation. To bridge the gap between performance improvement and device practicality, this review examines and describes several important conceptual aspects of the emerging non-fullerene OPV systems that have provided fundamental insights into material design and D/A compatibility and further outlines the key challenges involved in NFA development and some perspectives along with useful material design guidelines. Looking forward, we will discuss some research directions in terms of NFA materials for further improving device collaboration performance.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102107
Patipan Sukpoonprom , William D.J. Tremlett , Zhuoran Qiao , Chitsanucha Chattakoonpaisarn , Eunyoung Hong , Beier Hu , Karen Forberich , Jianhua Han , Junyi Wang , Somlak Ittisanronnachai , Longren Li , Francesco Vanin , Pichaya Pattanasattayavong , Zonglong Zhu , Artem Bakulin , Christoph J. Brabec , Derya Baran , Nicholas J. Long , Nicola Gasparini
Electron transport layers (ETLs), e.g., metal oxides, organic small molecules, or conjugated polymers, play a vital role in both performance and photo-thermal stability in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we explored hybrid organic-inorganic electron transport materials by forming complexes between typical electron transport layers and ferrocene (Fc)-based molecules. Experimental and theoretical investigations revealed van der Waals interaction between the ETL and Fc compounds, which allows fine-tuning of the electrode work function to improve charge extraction properties and reduce trap-assisted recombination. As a result, OSCs showed improved fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) for five donor-acceptor blends and three ETLs, with FF and PCE exceeding 80% and 20.1%, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated improved photostability for the hybrid ETLs with devices that retained 80% of their initial performance for 700 h when degraded under operating conditions (ISOS-L-1I).
电子传输层（etl），如金属氧化物、有机小分子或共轭聚合物，在有机太阳能电池（OSCs）的性能和光热稳定性中起着至关重要的作用。在此，我们通过在典型的电子传输层和二茂铁（Fc）基分子之间形成配合物来探索有机-无机杂化电子传输材料。实验和理论研究揭示了ETL和Fc化合物之间的范德华相互作用，这使得电极功函数可以微调以改善电荷提取性能并减少陷阱辅助重组。结果表明，五种供体-受体共混物和三种etl的填充因子（FF）和功率转换效率（PCE）均有所提高，其中FF和PCE分别超过80%和20.1%。最后，我们证明了混合etl的光稳定性得到了改善，该器件在工作条件下退化700小时后仍能保持其初始性能的80% （iso - l - 1i）。
{"title":"Complex formation of ferrocene derivatives with electron transport layers enables improved performance and photostability in organic solar cells","authors":"Patipan Sukpoonprom , William D.J. Tremlett , Zhuoran Qiao , Chitsanucha Chattakoonpaisarn , Eunyoung Hong , Beier Hu , Karen Forberich , Jianhua Han , Junyi Wang , Somlak Ittisanronnachai , Longren Li , Francesco Vanin , Pichaya Pattanasattayavong , Zonglong Zhu , Artem Bakulin , Christoph J. Brabec , Derya Baran , Nicholas J. Long , Nicola Gasparini","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electron transport layers (ETLs), e.g., metal oxides, organic small molecules, or conjugated polymers, play a vital role in both performance and photo-thermal stability in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we explored hybrid organic-inorganic electron transport materials by forming complexes between typical electron transport layers and ferrocene (Fc)-based molecules. Experimental and theoretical investigations revealed van der Waals interaction between the ETL and Fc compounds, which allows fine-tuning of the electrode work function to improve charge extraction properties and reduce trap-assisted recombination. As a result, OSCs showed improved fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) for five donor-acceptor blends and three ETLs, with FF and PCE exceeding 80% and 20.1%, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated improved photostability for the hybrid ETLs with devices that retained 80% of their initial performance for 700 h when degraded under operating conditions (ISOS-L-1I).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 102107"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102143
Xu Liu , Xu Dong , Stefano Passerini , Yuping Wu
In a recent Nature paper, Ji et al. introduced a micro-emulsion electrolyte that leverages interfacial tension to form robust LiF-rich electrolyte/electrode interphases simultaneously on both the anode and cathode, enabling long-life lithium metal batteries. This strategy bypasses traditional solvation design and offers a versatile, generalizable approach for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
{"title":"Micro-emulsion electrolyte enables long-lifespan rechargeable batteries","authors":"Xu Liu , Xu Dong , Stefano Passerini , Yuping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a recent <em>Nature</em> paper, Ji et al. introduced a micro-emulsion electrolyte that leverages interfacial tension to form robust LiF-rich electrolyte/electrode interphases simultaneously on both the anode and cathode, enabling long-life lithium metal batteries. This strategy bypasses traditional solvation design and offers a versatile, generalizable approach for next-generation rechargeable batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 102143"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102103
Mingi Hwang , Jae Hong Choi , Songyi Lee , Junhyeok Hwang , Sungwoo Park , Sumyeong Choi , Minhu Kim , Heesoo Lim , Hyuntae Lim , Mirim Oh , Sumin Song , Geumju Shin , Minjoon Park , Youngki Kim , Dong-Hwa Seo , Pilgun Oh
As concerns over the sustainability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) intensify, direct upcycling has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional recycling methods. However, its practical adoption is hindered by the need for high-pressure processing and the limited particle size of regenerated materials. Here, we present a new upcycling method, direct exposure heating (DEH), which selectively accelerates beneficial reaction kinetics while suppressing detrimental side reactions. DEH prevents liquid-phase depletion by eliminating the non-equilibrium heating ramp stage and minimizes irreversible phase transitions by bypassing prolonged intermediate temperatures. Under mild pressure (∼5 MPa), this process transforms secondary particles from spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) into large, structurally stable single-crystal LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) particles. Grounded in thermodynamic and kinetic control, DEH resolves the long-standing trade-off between particle size and structural integrity, offering a scalable strategy not only for accelerating LIB upcycling commercialization but also for broadening advanced material synthesis.
{"title":"Study of induced liquid-phase sintering effect in lithium-ion battery cathode upcycling","authors":"Mingi Hwang , Jae Hong Choi , Songyi Lee , Junhyeok Hwang , Sungwoo Park , Sumyeong Choi , Minhu Kim , Heesoo Lim , Hyuntae Lim , Mirim Oh , Sumin Song , Geumju Shin , Minjoon Park , Youngki Kim , Dong-Hwa Seo , Pilgun Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As concerns over the sustainability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) intensify, direct upcycling has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional recycling methods. However, its practical adoption is hindered by the need for high-pressure processing and the limited particle size of regenerated materials. Here, we present a new upcycling method, direct exposure heating (DEH), which selectively accelerates beneficial reaction kinetics while suppressing detrimental side reactions. DEH prevents liquid-phase depletion by eliminating the non-equilibrium heating ramp stage and minimizes irreversible phase transitions by bypassing prolonged intermediate temperatures. Under mild pressure (∼5 MPa), this process transforms secondary particles from spent LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM523) into large, structurally stable single-crystal LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O2 (NCM622) particles. Grounded in thermodynamic and kinetic control, DEH resolves the long-standing trade-off between particle size and structural integrity, offering a scalable strategy not only for accelerating LIB upcycling commercialization but also for broadening advanced material synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 102103"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102105
Jiarong Wang (王佳绒) , Xian-Yin Dai (代现银) , Leyu Bi (毕乐雨) , Jiaonan Sun (孙娇囡) , Ming Liu (刘铭) , Xiaofei Ji (冀晓霏) , Francis R. Lin (林均叡) , Qiang Fu (付强) , Alex K.-Y. Jen (任广禹)
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from instability due to light- and heat-induced degradation, where iodine (I2) escape and lead (Pb0) aggregation trigger irreversible device failure. Here, we developed a multifunctional β-cyclodextrin derivative of β-CD-(SH)7 that synergistically enables iodine confinement, lead chelation, and redox cycling. The β-CD cavity traps I2 via supramolecular interaction, while thiol groups reduce I2 to I− and oxidize Pb0 to Pb2+ via dynamic S–S bond formation, enabling self-sustained I− regeneration. β-CD-(SH)7 enables an efficiency of 26.14% for inverted PSCs and 23.48% for mini-modules with an active area of 11 cm². Wide-band-gap PSCs (1.80 eV) achieve an efficiency of 20.56%. The devices exhibit exceptional stability, with T98 > 2,780 h (1.55 eV) and T90 > 1,900 h (1.80 eV) under maximum power point tracking at 45°C. Additionally, β-CD-(SH)7 captures lead to prevent leakage. This universal supramolecular strategy reconciles efficiency, stability, and sustainability, offering transformative potential for PSC commercialization.
钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）由于光和热诱导的降解而遭受不稳定性，其中碘（I2）逸出和铅（Pb0）聚集引发不可逆的器件故障。在这里，我们开发了一种多功能的β-环糊精衍生物β-CD-(SH)7，协同实现碘约束，铅螯合和氧化还原循环。β-CD腔通过超分子相互作用捕获I2，而巯基通过动态S-S键形成将I2还原为I -并将Pb0氧化为Pb2+，从而实现自我持续的I -再生。β-CD-(SH)7对倒置PSCs的效率为26.14%，对有效面积为11 cm²的迷你模块的效率为23.48%。宽带隙PSCs （1.80 eV）的效率为20.56%。器件表现出优异的稳定性，在45°C的最大功率点跟踪下，T98 > 2780 h （1.55 eV）和T90 >； 1900 h （1.80 eV）。此外，β-CD-(SH)7捕获铅以防止泄漏。这种通用的超分子策略协调了效率、稳定性和可持续性，为PSC商业化提供了变革潜力。
{"title":"Synergistic iodine and lead chelation with redox cycling via supramolecular engineering for stable and sustainable perovskite solar cells","authors":"Jiarong Wang (王佳绒) , Xian-Yin Dai (代现银) , Leyu Bi (毕乐雨) , Jiaonan Sun (孙娇囡) , Ming Liu (刘铭) , Xiaofei Ji (冀晓霏) , Francis R. Lin (林均叡) , Qiang Fu (付强) , Alex K.-Y. Jen (任广禹)","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from instability due to light- and heat-induced degradation, where iodine (I<sub>2</sub>) escape and lead (Pb<sup>0</sup>) aggregation trigger irreversible device failure. Here, we developed a multifunctional β-cyclodextrin derivative of β-CD-(SH)<sub>7</sub> that synergistically enables iodine confinement, lead chelation, and redox cycling. The β-CD cavity traps I<sub>2</sub> via supramolecular interaction, while thiol groups reduce I<sub>2</sub> to I<sup>−</sup> and oxidize Pb<sup>0</sup> to Pb<sup>2+</sup> via dynamic S–S bond formation, enabling self-sustained I<sup>−</sup> regeneration. β-CD-(SH)<sub>7</sub> enables an efficiency of 26.14% for inverted PSCs and 23.48% for mini-modules with an active area of 11 cm². Wide-band-gap PSCs (1.80 eV) achieve an efficiency of 20.56%. The devices exhibit exceptional stability, with T<sub>98</sub> > 2,780 h (1.55 eV) and T<sub>90</sub> > 1,900 h (1.80 eV) under maximum power point tracking at 45°C. Additionally, β-CD-(SH)<sub>7</sub> captures lead to prevent leakage. This universal supramolecular strategy reconciles efficiency, stability, and sustainability, offering transformative potential for PSC commercialization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 102105"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102108
Yash Samantaray , Daniel A. Cogswell , Alexander E. Cohen , Martin Z. Bazant
New methods of operando non-destructive evaluation (NDE) are needed to better assess the health and safety of Li-ion batteries. Acoustic emission (AE) testing is a widely used NDE technique in structural engineering but has yet to provide reliable assessments in battery applications. Here, we show that various electro-chemo-mechanical processes in battery electrodes (graphite and nickel-manganese-cobalt oxides [NMC]) can be reproducibly identified by electrochemically resolved AEs after eliminating electromagnetic interference and applying wavelet-based signal processing. First, we perform “acousto-voltammetry” to correlate acoustic activity with specific electrochemical processes, such as ethylene gas generation and NMC particle fracture, as confirmed by gas detection and ex situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, respectively. Next, we demonstrate that AEs can be distinguished using wavelet-transform features. Electrochemically resolved AEs provide a new window into quantitatively monitoring battery degradation, offering insights into electro-chemo-mechanical processes and potential advantages over conventional methods for the assessing state of health, remaining useful life, and safety risks.
{"title":"Electrochemically resolved acoustic emissions from Li-ion batteries","authors":"Yash Samantaray , Daniel A. Cogswell , Alexander E. Cohen , Martin Z. Bazant","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New methods of <em>operando</em> non-destructive evaluation (NDE) are needed to better assess the health and safety of Li-ion batteries. Acoustic emission (AE) testing is a widely used NDE technique in structural engineering but has yet to provide reliable assessments in battery applications. Here, we show that various electro-chemo-mechanical processes in battery electrodes (graphite and nickel-manganese-cobalt oxides [NMC]) can be reproducibly identified by electrochemically resolved AEs after eliminating electromagnetic interference and applying wavelet-based signal processing. First, we perform “acousto-voltammetry” to correlate acoustic activity with specific electrochemical processes, such as ethylene gas generation and NMC particle fracture, as confirmed by gas detection and <em>ex situ</em> scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, respectively. Next, we demonstrate that AEs can be distinguished using wavelet-transform features. Electrochemically resolved AEs provide a new window into quantitatively monitoring battery degradation, offering insights into electro-chemo-mechanical processes and potential advantages over conventional methods for the assessing state of health, remaining useful life, and safety risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 102108"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102168
J. Niklas Hausmann , Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu , Prashanth W. Menezes
Electrocatalytic research often emphasizes active site design. However, these sites realize their full potential only within an optimal local reaction environment. In a recent issue of Nature Chemical Engineering, Winter and colleagues demonstrate that ion-selective ionophores enhance nitrate reduction selectivity by retaining unwanted intermediates in the electrocatalyst’s local reaction environment.
{"title":"Designing the local reaction environment of electrocatalysts","authors":"J. Niklas Hausmann , Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu , Prashanth W. Menezes","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrocatalytic research often emphasizes active site design. However, these sites realize their full potential only within an optimal local reaction environment. In a recent issue of <em>Nature Chemical Engineering</em>, Winter and colleagues demonstrate that ion-selective ionophores enhance nitrate reduction selectivity by retaining unwanted intermediates in the electrocatalyst’s local reaction environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 102168"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102132
He Shan , Zhihui Chen , Jiaqi Yu , Yixiu Dong , Shuai Du , Tianshu Ge , Ruzhu Wang
He Shan is a PhD student supervised by Prof. Ruzhu Wang at Engineering Research Center of Solar Power & Refrigeration (MOE China), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU). He received his BS degree from Chongqing University in 2019. Subsequently, he pursued a combined master’s and doctoral degree in SJTU and earned a joint PhD degree from SJTU and National University of Singapore (NUS) in 2025. His research interests focus on hydrogel-based atmospheric water harvesting and energy management.
Zhihui Chen is a PhD student supervised by Prof. Ruzhu Wang at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. She received her BS degree in energy and power engineering from Xi’an Jiaotong University in 2021. Her research interests focus on sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting and heat and mass transfer enhancement.
Prof. Ruzhu Wang is a chair professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and has served as director of the Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics for three decades. He is also editor-in-chief of Energy. His research focuses on the energy-water-air nexus, green building energy systems, and heat pumps. He has received three Chinese National Research Awards and numerous prestigious international honors, including the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Medal, the IEA Rittinger International Heat Pump Award, and the Global Energy Prize in 2023.
何山是上海交通大学太阳能与制冷工程研究中心的一名博士生，导师是王如柱教授。
{"title":"Approaching thermodynamic boundaries and targeting market players for commercial atmospheric water harvesting","authors":"He Shan , Zhihui Chen , Jiaqi Yu , Yixiu Dong , Shuai Du , Tianshu Ge , Ruzhu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>He Shan is a PhD student supervised by Prof. Ruzhu Wang at Engineering Research Center of Solar Power & Refrigeration (MOE China), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU). He received his BS degree from Chongqing University in 2019. Subsequently, he pursued a combined master’s and doctoral degree in SJTU and earned a joint PhD degree from SJTU and National University of Singapore (NUS) in 2025. His research interests focus on hydrogel-based atmospheric water harvesting and energy management.</div><div>Zhihui Chen is a PhD student supervised by Prof. Ruzhu Wang at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. She received her BS degree in energy and power engineering from Xi’an Jiaotong University in 2021. Her research interests focus on sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting and heat and mass transfer enhancement.</div><div>Prof. Ruzhu Wang is a chair professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and has served as director of the Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics for three decades. He is also editor-in-chief of <em>Energy</em>. His research focuses on the energy-water-air nexus, green building energy systems, and heat pumps. He has received three Chinese National Research Awards and numerous prestigious international honors, including the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Medal, the IEA Rittinger International Heat Pump Award, and the Global Energy Prize in 2023.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 102132"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102106
Hao Huang , Zhineng Lan , Yingying Yang , Huilin Yan , Meng Wan , Yi Lu , Shujie Qu , Tongtong Jiang , Changxu Sun , Benyu Liu , Peng Cui , Meicheng Li
The conventional doping method of organic semiconductors (commonly including lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide [LiTFSI]) served as hole transport layers in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffers from a complex, time-consuming oxidation process, detrimentally impacting device stability. Herein, we propose a novel electrolysis doping strategy to modulate organic semiconductors, enabling controllable doping and effective Li⁺ removal. This electrolysis doping exploits holes with tunable oxidizing capabilities to oxidize organic semiconductors into ion radicals at the surface of the anode electrode, which exhibits a high reproducibility and a universal application on different organic semiconductors. Simultaneously, Li⁺ ions can be reduced to Li atoms at the surface of the cathode electrode, thus removing stability-damaging residual Li+. Accordingly, the regular PSCs using electrolyzed 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro) achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.16%, and the inverted-structured PSCs using electrolyzed poly[bis(4-phenyl) (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA) achieve a PCE of 25.57% with satisfying stability by maintaining 91% of initial efficiency after operating for 1,400 h under continuous one-sun illumination.
{"title":"Controllable electrolysis doping of organic semiconductors for stable perovskite solar cells","authors":"Hao Huang , Zhineng Lan , Yingying Yang , Huilin Yan , Meng Wan , Yi Lu , Shujie Qu , Tongtong Jiang , Changxu Sun , Benyu Liu , Peng Cui , Meicheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conventional doping method of organic semiconductors (commonly including lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide [LiTFSI]) served as hole transport layers in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffers from a complex, time-consuming oxidation process, detrimentally impacting device stability. Herein, we propose a novel electrolysis doping strategy to modulate organic semiconductors, enabling controllable doping and effective Li⁺ removal. This electrolysis doping exploits holes with tunable oxidizing capabilities to oxidize organic semiconductors into ion radicals at the surface of the anode electrode, which exhibits a high reproducibility and a universal application on different organic semiconductors. Simultaneously, Li⁺ ions can be reduced to Li atoms at the surface of the cathode electrode, thus removing stability-damaging residual Li<sup>+</sup>. Accordingly, the regular PSCs using electrolyzed 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro) achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.16%, and the inverted-structured PSCs using electrolyzed poly[bis(4-phenyl) (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA) achieve a PCE of 25.57% with satisfying stability by maintaining 91% of initial efficiency after operating for 1,400 h under continuous one-sun illumination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 102106"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102140
Zelong Li , Dorothea Scheunemann , Dennis Derewjanko , Yuqian Liu , Martijn Kemerink , Guangzheng Zuo
The trade-off between conductivity () and Seebeck coefficient () is an ongoing challenge for organic thermoelectrics as it determines how far the power factor () can ultimately be pushed. Comparing experimental data for different polymers at variable doping levels, we show that the vs. curve is universal up to the maximum , followed by a material-dependent roll-off, when and are normalized to their values at maximum and find there is a soft upper limit for (∼200 μV/K), where the optimal power factor is achieved. Combining tight-binding and kinetic Monte Carlo modeling, we quantitatively explain this behavior in terms of quasi-free charges moving in a renormalized density of states of Gaussian shape, where the renormalization accounts for the screened interaction with the ionized dopants. Our results imply that the trade-off exists only at the single-material level and leads to practical design rules.
{"title":"A universal soft upper limit to the Seebeck coefficient in organic thermoelectrics","authors":"Zelong Li , Dorothea Scheunemann , Dennis Derewjanko , Yuqian Liu , Martijn Kemerink , Guangzheng Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The trade-off between conductivity (<span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span>) and Seebeck coefficient (<span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span>) is an ongoing challenge for organic thermoelectrics as it determines how far the power factor (<span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>F</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>σ</mi><msup><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>) can ultimately be pushed. Comparing experimental data for different polymers at variable doping levels, we show that the <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span> vs. <span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span> curve is universal up to the maximum <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>F</mi></mrow></math></span>, followed by a material-dependent roll-off, when <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span> are normalized to their values at maximum <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>F</mi></mrow></math></span> and find there is a soft upper limit for <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span> (∼200 μV/K), where the optimal power factor is achieved. Combining tight-binding and kinetic Monte Carlo modeling, we quantitatively explain this behavior in terms of quasi-free charges moving in a renormalized density of states of Gaussian shape, where the renormalization accounts for the screened interaction with the ionized dopants. Our results imply that the trade-off exists only at the single-material level and leads to practical design rules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 102140"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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