Spray coating offers great potential for optoelectronic devices with complex geometries, but uniform crystallization remains challenging because of limited control over the process. Herein, we present a localized high-concentration (LHC) precursor strategy that enables homogeneous and confined bulk-phase pre-nucleation within droplets during spraying, effectively addressing spatiotemporal inconsistencies in nucleation. The LHC approach employs weak ligand solvents to restrict the diffusion of A-site cations while enhancing their interaction with [PbIx]2−x complexes, thereby suppressing the formation of solvated intermediate phases and achieving direct α-phase perovskite with high crystallographic orientation and low defect-state density (∼1014 cm−3). This work also established a correlation between solvent-related parameters and device performance, using machine learning. The spray-coated devices achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.5% (0.09 cm2 small cells), 22.5% (14 cm2 mini-modules), and 23.2% (curved cells). The strategy has been proven to have versatile applications, including in high-humidity environments (relative humidity [(R.H.] ∼80%, 23.1%), complex surfaces, and mask-assisted patterning.
{"title":"Confined crystallization strategy enabling high-quality perovskite film for advanced photovoltaics","authors":"Xiaopeng Feng, Fuzong Xu, Cheng Peng, Zhipeng Shao, Zaiwei Wang, Chongwen Li, Qichao Meng, Bingqian Zhang, Hongguang Meng, Yaliang Han, Lin Han, Boyang Lu, Changcheng Cui, Hao Wei, Yimeng Li, Hongpei Ji, Qiangqiang Zhao, Kaiyu Wang, Xiaofan Du, Chaojie Chen, Guanglei Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102228","url":null,"abstract":"Spray coating offers great potential for optoelectronic devices with complex geometries, but uniform crystallization remains challenging because of limited control over the process. Herein, we present a localized high-concentration (LHC) precursor strategy that enables homogeneous and confined bulk-phase pre-nucleation within droplets during spraying, effectively addressing spatiotemporal inconsistencies in nucleation. The LHC approach employs weak ligand solvents to restrict the diffusion of A-site cations while enhancing their interaction with [PbI<sub>x</sub>]<sup>2</sup><sup>−</sup><sup>x</sup> complexes, thereby suppressing the formation of solvated intermediate phases and achieving direct <em>α</em>-phase perovskite with high crystallographic orientation and low defect-state density (∼10<sup>14</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>). This work also established a correlation between solvent-related parameters and device performance, using machine learning. The spray-coated devices achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.5% (0.09 cm<sup>2</sup> small cells), 22.5% (14 cm<sup>2</sup> mini-modules), and 23.2% (curved cells). The strategy has been proven to have versatile applications, including in high-humidity environments (relative humidity [(R.H.] ∼80%, 23.1%), complex surfaces, and mask-assisted patterning.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102232
Zikang Yu, Chenjie Gan, Siyuan Song, Pradeep Guduru, Kyung-Suk Kim, Brian W. Sheldon
Lithium dendrite penetration remains a critical challenge for solid-state batteries. In this study, we provide direct experimental evidence that compressive residual stress alone, without any chemical modification, can suppress lithium dendrite propagation and improve electrochemical performance. These stresses were generated by imposing sustained through-thickness thermal gradients across Li₆.₄La₃Zr₁.₅Ta₀.₅O₁₂ (LLZTO), leading to a consistent 3-fold increase in critical current density (CCD) compared with respective isothermal controls. The magnitude of the generated stresses in the solid electrolyte was independently verified through strain-gauge and optical curvature measurements. Finite element analysis (FEA) was also conducted to interpret these stress results and to provide a broader analysis of the relationship between compressive stress and dendrite suppression. Together, these results isolate mechanical contributions of residual compressive stress as a dominant factor in dendrite resistance, establishing a mechanically driven strategy for stress engineering in solid-state batteries and providing a general design principle for robust, dendrite-free operation.
{"title":"Dendrite suppression in garnet electrolytes via thermally induced compressive stress","authors":"Zikang Yu, Chenjie Gan, Siyuan Song, Pradeep Guduru, Kyung-Suk Kim, Brian W. Sheldon","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102232","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium dendrite penetration remains a critical challenge for solid-state batteries. In this study, we provide direct experimental evidence that compressive residual stress alone, without any chemical modification, can suppress lithium dendrite propagation and improve electrochemical performance. These stresses were generated by imposing sustained through-thickness thermal gradients across Li₆.₄La₃Zr₁.₅Ta₀.₅O₁₂ (LLZTO), leading to a consistent 3-fold increase in critical current density (CCD) compared with respective isothermal controls. The magnitude of the generated stresses in the solid electrolyte was independently verified through strain-gauge and optical curvature measurements. Finite element analysis (FEA) was also conducted to interpret these stress results and to provide a broader analysis of the relationship between compressive stress and dendrite suppression. Together, these results isolate mechanical contributions of residual compressive stress as a dominant factor in dendrite resistance, establishing a mechanically driven strategy for stress engineering in solid-state batteries and providing a general design principle for robust, dendrite-free operation.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102231
Haojiang Du, Weiming Lu, Xinrui An, Sheshicheng Chen, Zunke Liu, Shicheng Guo, Xun Fan, Mingming Zhang, Shaojian Fu, Wei Liu, Jing Qiu, Chuanxiao Xiao, Zhiqin Ying, Xi Yang, Zhenhai Yang, Yuheng Zeng, Jichun Ye
Tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) solar cells (SCs) have emerged as the dominant crystalline silicon technology in the photovoltaic industry. However, further improving efficiency while simultaneously reducing silver consumption for TOPCon SCs remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a synergistic strategy integrating high-precision steel-stencil printing technology and a local polysilicon contact design, achieving a certified efficiency of 26.09% on industrial-grade M10 silicon wafers. Specifically, transitioning from conventional screen printing to steel-stencil printing enables the fabrication of ultra-narrow fingers and a substantial reduction in silver consumption. The optimized silver paste formulation facilitates the formation of densely packed silver nanoparticles at the silver/silicon interface, resulting in lower contact resistivity. Additionally, our laser-patterned local polysilicon contact design effectively optimizes the trade-off between carrier transport and parasitic absorption losses while achieving high bifaciality (∼90%) that is beneficial for practical energy yield.
{"title":"Steel-stencil printing and local polysilicon contacts enable 26.09%-efficient industrial-grade tunnel oxide passivating contact solar cells","authors":"Haojiang Du, Weiming Lu, Xinrui An, Sheshicheng Chen, Zunke Liu, Shicheng Guo, Xun Fan, Mingming Zhang, Shaojian Fu, Wei Liu, Jing Qiu, Chuanxiao Xiao, Zhiqin Ying, Xi Yang, Zhenhai Yang, Yuheng Zeng, Jichun Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102231","url":null,"abstract":"Tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) solar cells (SCs) have emerged as the dominant crystalline silicon technology in the photovoltaic industry. However, further improving efficiency while simultaneously reducing silver consumption for TOPCon SCs remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a synergistic strategy integrating high-precision steel-stencil printing technology and a local polysilicon contact design, achieving a certified efficiency of 26.09% on industrial-grade M10 silicon wafers. Specifically, transitioning from conventional screen printing to steel-stencil printing enables the fabrication of ultra-narrow fingers and a substantial reduction in silver consumption. The optimized silver paste formulation facilitates the formation of densely packed silver nanoparticles at the silver/silicon interface, resulting in lower contact resistivity. Additionally, our laser-patterned local polysilicon contact design effectively optimizes the trade-off between carrier transport and parasitic absorption losses while achieving high bifaciality (∼90%) that is beneficial for practical energy yield.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102226
Juhyun Lee, Jinuk Kim, Wontae Jang, Dong Gyu Lee, Hongsin Kim, Yuha An, Junsu Son, Minjeong Kang, Gyuwon Lee, Jungyoon Lee, Donghyeok Son, Cheol-Young Park, Keonwoo Choi, Dongseok Shin, Tae Kyung Lee, Joonhee Moon, Sung Gap Im, Jinwoo Lee
Although anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) offer exceptional energy density, they suffer from rapid capacity fading attributable to interfacial instability and the absence of a lithium reservoir. An interfacial solvation tuning strategy using ultrathin (∼15 nm) polymer coatings on Cu current collectors via initiated chemical vapor deposition is presented in this study. The designed polymer poly(heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate) (pPFDMA) exhibits strong electrolyte- and solvent-phobicity, suppressing parasitic reactions and inducing local salt enrichment within the polymer. This solvation environment promotes a thin, inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interphase layer and ensures high bulk ionic conductivity, enhancing both the cycling stability and rate capability. Consequently, pPFDMA-coated Cu enables a threefold improvement in the cycle life of half-cells and achieves 413 Wh kg−1 and 826 W kg−1 in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811)-based anode-free pouch cells. This work provides a practical and generalizable approach for interfacial engineering in AFLMBs, focusing on current collector-electrolyte interactions.
尽管无阳极锂金属电池（aflmb）具有优异的能量密度，但由于界面不稳定和缺乏锂储层，它们的容量会迅速衰减。本研究提出了一种通过化学气相沉积在Cu集热器上使用超薄（~ 15 nm）聚合物涂层的界面溶剂化调谐策略。所设计的聚合物聚甲基丙烯酸十六氟癸酯（pPFDMA）具有很强的电解质和溶剂疏水性，可以抑制寄生反应并诱导聚合物内部的局部盐富集。这种溶剂化环境促进了薄的、无机丰富的固体电解质间相层，并确保了高体积离子电导率，增强了循环稳定性和速率能力。因此，ppfdma涂层Cu使半电池的循环寿命提高了三倍，在LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 （NCM811）基无阳极袋状电池中达到413 Wh kg - 1和826 W kg - 1。这项工作为aflmb的界面工程提供了一种实用和可推广的方法，重点是电流集电极-电解质相互作用。
{"title":"A strategic tuning of interfacial Li+ solvation with ultrathin polymer layers for anode-free lithium metal batteries","authors":"Juhyun Lee, Jinuk Kim, Wontae Jang, Dong Gyu Lee, Hongsin Kim, Yuha An, Junsu Son, Minjeong Kang, Gyuwon Lee, Jungyoon Lee, Donghyeok Son, Cheol-Young Park, Keonwoo Choi, Dongseok Shin, Tae Kyung Lee, Joonhee Moon, Sung Gap Im, Jinwoo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102226","url":null,"abstract":"Although anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) offer exceptional energy density, they suffer from rapid capacity fading attributable to interfacial instability and the absence of a lithium reservoir. An interfacial solvation tuning strategy using ultrathin (∼15 nm) polymer coatings on Cu current collectors via initiated chemical vapor deposition is presented in this study. The designed polymer poly(heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate) (pPFDMA) exhibits strong electrolyte- and solvent-phobicity, suppressing parasitic reactions and inducing local salt enrichment within the polymer. This solvation environment promotes a thin, inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interphase layer and ensures high bulk ionic conductivity, enhancing both the cycling stability and rate capability. Consequently, pPFDMA-coated Cu enables a threefold improvement in the cycle life of half-cells and achieves 413 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and 826 W kg<sup>−1</sup> in LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM811)-based anode-free pouch cells. This work provides a practical and generalizable approach for interfacial engineering in AFLMBs, focusing on current collector-electrolyte interactions.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102225
Jing Zhang, Yu Meng, An-Ping Wu, Chengkai Jin, Peng-Xiang Hou, Weidong Xu, Dimitar I. Kutsarov, Zhiheng Wu, Dongtao Liu, Yonglong Shen, Samuel D. Stranks, Guosheng Shao, Sai Bai, Tongle Bu, Hui-Ming Cheng, S. Ravi P. Silva, Wei Zhang
Flexible perovskite solar modules (f-PSMs) represent a pivotal innovation in current renewable energy technologies, offering a pathway toward sustainable and efficient energy solutions. However, achieving operational stability without compromising efficiency or escalating material costs remains a critical challenge. This study explores the application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as window electrodes in fabricating scalable f-PSMs, achieving a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) surpassing 20%. The exceptional stability of SWCNT films enables the resultant f-PSMs to withstand various external stresses while maintaining high performance. Simulating real-world conditions, including day/night cycles, SWCNT-based f-PSMs exhibit superior stability compared with conventional counterparts employing indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. By replacing scarce and costly ITO with readily available alternatives, this work underscores the potential of SWCNTs to enhance both the sustainability and scalability of flexible solar technologies. These findings bridge the gap between laboratory research and practical manufacturable applications, advancing the commercialization of flexible photovoltaics.
{"title":"Integrating SWCNT to bridge the stability divide in scalable and manufacturable flexible perovskite solar modules","authors":"Jing Zhang, Yu Meng, An-Ping Wu, Chengkai Jin, Peng-Xiang Hou, Weidong Xu, Dimitar I. Kutsarov, Zhiheng Wu, Dongtao Liu, Yonglong Shen, Samuel D. Stranks, Guosheng Shao, Sai Bai, Tongle Bu, Hui-Ming Cheng, S. Ravi P. Silva, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102225","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible perovskite solar modules (f-PSMs) represent a pivotal innovation in current renewable energy technologies, offering a pathway toward sustainable and efficient energy solutions. However, achieving operational stability without compromising efficiency or escalating material costs remains a critical challenge. This study explores the application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as window electrodes in fabricating scalable f-PSMs, achieving a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) surpassing 20%. The exceptional stability of SWCNT films enables the resultant f-PSMs to withstand various external stresses while maintaining high performance. Simulating real-world conditions, including day/night cycles, SWCNT-based f-PSMs exhibit superior stability compared with conventional counterparts employing indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. By replacing scarce and costly ITO with readily available alternatives, this work underscores the potential of SWCNTs to enhance both the sustainability and scalability of flexible solar technologies. These findings bridge the gap between laboratory research and practical manufacturable applications, advancing the commercialization of flexible photovoltaics.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102224
Tian Du, Hakan U. Dag, Zijian Peng, Jonas Englhard, Anastasia Barabash, Handan Zhang, Jiyun Zhang, Jiayi Tan, Shudi Qiu, Lirong Dong, Michael Wagner, Jens A. Hauch, Fei Guo, Olga Kasian, Julien Bachmann, Christoph J. Brabec
Printable rear electrodes represent a key enabling technology for the upscaling of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Carbon electrodes are appealing candidates widely employed in n-i-p (so-called “conventional”) architectures, but their integration into p-i-n (so-called “inverted”) architectures is prohibited by interfacial energetic mismatch. We address this challenge by introducing a tin oxide (SnOx) interlayer with desirable mechanical durability and n-doping level. We show in detail how the tailored interlayer converts carbon from a hole-collecting anode to an electron-collecting cathode and how the electron-extraction barrier is minimized, narrowing the efficiency gap between carbon (21.8%) and silver (24.0%) electrodes. The advancement results in a remarkably improved viability of the PSCs: a modest drop in efficiency is outweighed by a 3-fold improvement in projected operational lifetime (>8,000 h) and a 60% reduction in the bill of materials. These results underscore the potential of carbon as a cost-effective alternative to silver in the industrialization of p-i-n PSCs.
{"title":"Enhancing the viability of p-i-n perovskite solar cells with printable carbon cathode: Origin of polarity inversion","authors":"Tian Du, Hakan U. Dag, Zijian Peng, Jonas Englhard, Anastasia Barabash, Handan Zhang, Jiyun Zhang, Jiayi Tan, Shudi Qiu, Lirong Dong, Michael Wagner, Jens A. Hauch, Fei Guo, Olga Kasian, Julien Bachmann, Christoph J. Brabec","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102224","url":null,"abstract":"Printable rear electrodes represent a key enabling technology for the upscaling of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Carbon electrodes are appealing candidates widely employed in n-i-p (so-called “conventional”) architectures, but their integration into p-i-n (so-called “inverted”) architectures is prohibited by interfacial energetic mismatch. We address this challenge by introducing a tin oxide (SnO<sub>x</sub>) interlayer with desirable mechanical durability and n-doping level. We show in detail how the tailored interlayer converts carbon from a hole-collecting anode to an electron-collecting cathode and how the electron-extraction barrier is minimized, narrowing the efficiency gap between carbon (21.8%) and silver (24.0%) electrodes. The advancement results in a remarkably improved viability of the PSCs: a modest drop in efficiency is outweighed by a 3-fold improvement in projected operational lifetime (>8,000 h) and a 60% reduction in the bill of materials. These results underscore the potential of carbon as a cost-effective alternative to silver in the industrialization of p-i-n PSCs.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102223
Alessandro Bellucci, Marco Girolami, Matteo Mastellone, Alessio Mezzi, Valerio Serpente, Stefano Orlando, Antonio Santagata, Riccardo Polini, Abraham Kribus, Daniele M. Trucchi
Efficient high-temperature solar cells are feasible through the photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) mechanism. The development of defect-engineered black-diamond layers, combined with micro-graphitized electrodes fabricated within p-type/intrinsic structures, represents the key technology for sunlight interaction of 0.3-eV electron-affinity PETE diamond cathodes, characterized by excellent electron emission. The resulting PETE converters demonstrate energy generation under concentrated radiation. At operating temperatures ranging from 600 to 900 K, the PETE operational regime is revealed, whereas photoemission and thermionic emission are found to be predominant at lower and higher temperatures, respectively. Cathode thickness emerges as the primary factor limiting the present performance of black-diamond technology. The generation-recombination analytical model applied to the device allows predicting a quantum efficiency of 30.3% for a 300-nm-thick black-diamond cathode operating at 700 K, today attainable with advanced diamond membrane technologies, and a solar-to-electric conversion efficiency of 14.5% for the resulting PETE converter.
{"title":"Demonstrating black-diamond-based high-temperature solar cells","authors":"Alessandro Bellucci, Marco Girolami, Matteo Mastellone, Alessio Mezzi, Valerio Serpente, Stefano Orlando, Antonio Santagata, Riccardo Polini, Abraham Kribus, Daniele M. Trucchi","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102223","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient high-temperature solar cells are feasible through the photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) mechanism. The development of defect-engineered black-diamond layers, combined with micro-graphitized electrodes fabricated within p-type/intrinsic structures, represents the key technology for sunlight interaction of 0.3-eV electron-affinity PETE diamond cathodes, characterized by excellent electron emission. The resulting PETE converters demonstrate energy generation under concentrated radiation. At operating temperatures ranging from 600 to 900 K, the PETE operational regime is revealed, whereas photoemission and thermionic emission are found to be predominant at lower and higher temperatures, respectively. Cathode thickness emerges as the primary factor limiting the present performance of black-diamond technology. The generation-recombination analytical model applied to the device allows predicting a quantum efficiency of 30.3% for a 300-nm-thick black-diamond cathode operating at 700 K, today attainable with advanced diamond membrane technologies, and a solar-to-electric conversion efficiency of 14.5% for the resulting PETE converter.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102221
Xinyi Lyu, Pu Hong, Meiyu Guo, Yuanyuan Zhou
{"title":"Recycling of perovskite solar cells","authors":"Xinyi Lyu, Pu Hong, Meiyu Guo, Yuanyuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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