Joule最新文献

英文中文

n-type regulation of 2D perovskite interlayers for efficient perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells 高效钙钛矿-硅串联太阳能电池中二维钙钛矿中间层的n型调控

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102141

Ruilin Li , Daoyong Zhang , Jiyao Wei , Biao Li , Haimeng Xin , Pengjie Hang , Zhengyi Ni , Deren Yang , Xuegong Yu

Interfacial defects and imbalanced charge extraction at the perovskite/C₆₀ interface in inverted solar cells drive non-radiative recombination, limiting their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). While two-dimensional (2D) perovskite passivation layers mitigate surface defects, their inherent quantum confinement and poor conductivity hinder carrier transport and energy band alignment. Here, we present an n-type regulation strategy in 2D perovskite interlayers to simultaneously suppress defects and optimize interfacial energetics. By incorporating antimony trichloride (SbCl₃) into phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI)-based 2D perovskites, we achieved n-type doping in the 2D passivation layer markedly enhancing its electron density, building up a field effect to enhance the passivation at the perovskite/C₆₀ interface. This controlled n-type modulation reshapes interfacial band bending, suppresses hole backflow, and reduces recombination at the interface. The resulting synergy enables efficient carrier extraction with minimal contact loss, yielding a perovskite-silicon tandem efficiency over 33% (certified 32.56%) with improved operational stability.

在倒置太阳能电池中，钙钛矿/C60界面的界面缺陷和不平衡电荷提取驱动了非辐射复合，限制了其功率转换效率（pce）。虽然二维（2D）钙钛矿钝化层减轻了表面缺陷，但其固有的量子限制和较差的电导率阻碍了载流子传输和能带对齐。在这里，我们提出了一种二维钙钛矿间层的n型调节策略，同时抑制缺陷和优化界面能量。通过将三氯化锑（SbCl3）掺入到苯乙基碘化铵（PEAI）基二维钙钛矿中，在二维钝化层中实现了n型掺杂，显著增强了其电子密度，在钙钛矿/C60界面处形成场效应，增强了钝化效果。这种可控的n型调制改变了界面带弯曲，抑制了空穴回流，减少了界面处的复合。由此产生的协同作用能够以最小的接触损失高效提取载流子，产生超过33%的钙钛矿-硅串联效率（经认证为32.56%），并提高了操作稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Reaching a consensus on indoor photovoltaics testing 对室内光伏测试达成共识

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102127

Robert L.Z. Hoye , George Koutsourakis , Marina Freitag , Zacharie Jehl Li-Kao , Thomas Österberg , Simon Aliwell , Mathieu Bellanger , Thomas M. Brown , Francesca Brunetti , Matthew J. Carnie , Abhisek Chakraborty , Giulia Grancini , Petri Kärhä , Matthias Kauer , Thomas Kirchartz , Chieh-Ting Lin , Monica Lira-Cantú , Yean-San Long , Senol Öz , Sonia R. Raga , Gregory Burwell

Most authors are part of a consortium that meets through the Indoor Photovoltaics Conference (IPVC), which is organized in conjunction with the MENTOR Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Doctoral Network. The IPVC is held annually, and brings together groups from academia, companies commercializing indoor photovoltaic (IPV) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, national laboratories, and equipment manufacturers. More information can be found at https://projects.tuni.fi/mentor/. Another Marie Skłodowska-Curie Doctoral Network (MASAUTO), funded at the same time, also focuses on IoT development, including IPVs, as well as energy storage and low-power memory (http://masauto-net.eu/).

大多数作者都是室内光伏会议（IPVC）的成员，该会议与MENTOR Marie Skłodowska-Curie行动博士网络共同组织。IPVC每年举办一次，汇集了来自学术界、室内光伏（IPV）和物联网（IoT）设备商业化公司、国家实验室和设备制造商的团体。更多信息请访问https://projects.tuni.fi/mentor/。同时资助的另一个Marie Skłodowska-Curie博士网络（MASAUTO）也专注于物联网开发，包括IPVs，以及能量存储和低功耗存储器（http://masauto-net.eu/）。

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引用次数: 0

Interface and grain boundary engineering toward better solid oxide cells 界面和晶界工程，以更好的固体氧化物电池

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102138

Yuexia Ji , Lihong Yao , Aruuhan Bayaguud , Nai Shi , Kai Lv , Yijun Zhong , Jiafeng Cao , Cuifang Wang , Zongping Shao

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are high-temperature electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, in which the interface and grain boundary are the most enigmatic areas. Rational construction of a high-quality interface/grain boundary is crucial for the promotion of mass transport, the increase of reaction sites, the decrease of technical costs for scale-up, and the improvement of operational stability, which remains the most intriguing challenge in the development of SOCs. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive analysis of the working mechanisms of interfaces and grain boundaries. This is followed by a discussion of optimization principles and a presentation of recent advances in interface/grain boundary engineering. Finally, we proposed perspectives that may lead to promising breakthroughs in the construction of a high-quality interface/grain boundary. This review is expected to be helpful for the scientific development and commercialization of SOCs integrated with renewable energy sources, as well as for other energy utilization research fields involving solid oxides.

固体氧化物电池（SOCs）是一种高温电化学能量转换和存储装置，其中界面和晶界是最神秘的区域。合理构建高质量的界面/晶界对于促进质量输运、增加反应位点、降低放大技术成本和提高运行稳定性至关重要，这是soc发展中最令人感兴趣的挑战。在本文中，我们首先对界面和晶界的工作机制进行了全面的分析。接下来是优化原理的讨论和界面/晶界工程的最新进展的介绍。最后，我们提出了可能导致高质量界面/晶界构建有希望突破的观点。本文的研究对可再生能源有机碳的科学开发和商业化以及其他涉及固体氧化物的能源利用研究领域具有一定的指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

A holistic approach to the separation, storage, and transportation of crude hydrogen 一种分离、储存和运输粗氢的整体方法

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102162

Michele Melchionna , Paolo Fornasiero

In this Nature Energy article, Ding Ma, Yifeng Zhu, and colleagues design a Cu/Al₂O₃ inverse catalysts for the interconversion between γ-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol. The precisely controlled catalyst structure and catalytic conditions result in a notable efficiency of the catalytic cycle and ultimately offer a promising strategy toward green hydrogen economy.

在这篇《自然能源》的文章中，马丁、朱一峰及其同事设计了一种Cu/Al2O3反催化剂，用于γ-丁内酯和1,4-丁二醇之间的相互转化。精确控制催化剂结构和催化条件，使催化循环效率显著提高，最终为实现绿色氢经济提供了一种有希望的策略。

引用次数: 0

A guide to ion separations for the global energy transition 全球能源转型中的离子分离指南

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102134

Ryan Kingsbury

Ion separation materials and processes play a crucial and easily overlooked role in emerging technologies for energy conversion and storage, critical resource recovery, and environmental protection. However, many emerging separation problems exceed the capabilities of currently available materials. Accelerating research in this area thus has high potential to advance economic and environmental sustainability. Efforts to develop more selective materials are hindered by an incomplete understanding of microscopic ion transport and sorption behavior as well as disparate terminology and conventions for describing a single phenomenon among different fields. This perspective offers a coherent framework for rationalizing ion separation behavior based on a rigorous review of electrolyte physical chemistry. After surveying the scope of relevant ionic species and electrolytes, it consolidates their key physical-chemical properties into a “periodic table of ions” that provides a useful heuristic for understanding ion separations. It also comments on the prospects for different material and process design strategies and offers a set of best practices for maximizing the rigor and transferability of new ion separations research.

离子分离材料和工艺在能源转换和储存、关键资源回收和环境保护等新兴技术中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，许多新出现的分离问题超出了现有材料的能力。因此，加速这一领域的研究具有促进经济和环境可持续性的巨大潜力。由于对微观离子传输和吸附行为的不完全理解，以及描述不同领域中单一现象的不同术语和惯例，阻碍了开发更多选择性材料的努力。这一观点提供了一个连贯的框架，合理的离子分离行为基于严格审查电解质物理化学。在调查了相关离子种类和电解质的范围后，它将它们的关键物理化学性质整合到“离子周期表”中，为理解离子分离提供了有用的启发。它还评论了不同材料和工艺设计策略的前景，并提供了一套最佳实践，以最大限度地提高新离子分离研究的严谨性和可转移性。

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引用次数: 0

Interdigitated structure-derived scalable all-solid-state electrocaloric cooling device using lead-free BaSrTiO3-based multilayer ceramics 基于无铅basrtio3基多层陶瓷的互指结构衍生的可扩展全固态电热冷却装置

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102128

Houzhu He (何厚铸) , Xiang Niu (牛翔) , Zhiyi Xu (徐智毅) , Junying Lai (赖骏颖) , Xuhui Guan (关旭辉) , Wei Liang (梁威) , Huanwei Liu (刘焕威) , Wenhan Zeng (曾文瀚) , Yuliang Yu (余宇梁) , Mingtao Xu (徐铭涛) , Yuleng Jiang (江煜堎) , Zhi Yang (杨智) , Bo Liang (梁波) , Tao Tao (陶涛) , Yingbang Yao (姚英邦) , Xiaobo Zhao (赵小波) , Xiaodong Jian (简晓东) , Sheng-Guo Lu (鲁圣国)

Solid-state electrocaloric (EC) refrigeration is regarded as a promising alternative to traditional vapor-compression refrigeration. However, good cooling materials are still one of the challenges for prototypes. In this work, a dual-strategy scalable interdigital structure for solid-state EC refrigeration devices based on base metallic electrode and lead-free BaSrTiO₃-based multilayer ceramics (MLCs) was designed and fabricated. Thermal pads are used as thermal interface materials in the device. A maximum temperature span (

T_{span}

) of 0.66 K and a cooling power of 52 mW at 0 K

T_{s p a n}

was obtained in a single-stage device with a cooling power density of 49.9 W/kg and 282 W/L, which is larger than that of prototypes based on BaTiO₃ (19 W/kg and 110 W/L) and PbScTaO₃ (18 W/kg and 140 W/L) MLCs. Furthermore, a maximum

T_{span}

of 7.13 K and a cooling power of 119 mW at 0 K

T_{span}

can also be realized using the scaling-up strategy.

固态电热制冷（EC）被认为是传统蒸汽压缩制冷的一种有前途的替代方案。然而，良好的冷却材料仍然是原型的挑战之一。本文设计并制造了一种基于基材金属电极和无铅basrtio3基多层陶瓷（MLCs）的固态EC制冷装置双策略可扩展数字间结构。热垫是设备的热界面材料。单级装置的最大温度跨度（TspanTspan）为0.66 K，在0 K时的冷却功率为52 mW，冷却功率密度为49.9 W/kg和282 W/L，大于基于BaTiO3 （19 W/kg和110 W/L）和PbScTaO3 (18 W/kg和140 W/L) MLCs的原型。此外，采用放大策略也可以实现最大TspanTspan为7.13 K，在0 K TspanTspan下的冷却功率为119 mW。

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引用次数: 0

Accurate performance characterization, reporting, and benchmarking for indoor photovoltaics 准确的性能表征，报告和室内光伏基准

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102126

Javith Mohammed Jailani , Amanda Luu , Elizabeth Salvosa , Charlotte Clegg , Vishnupriya P. Kamalon , Bahareh Nasrollahi , Irina Valitova , Sebastian B. Meier , Andrew M. Shore , Behrang H. Hamadani , Vincenzo Pecunia

Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) are promising for powering smart devices. However, diverse lighting scenarios pose significant accuracy challenges in IPV characterization, reporting, and benchmarking. This study comprehensively and quantitatively investigates these challenges through the experimental characterization of IPVs covering a broad performance space. We reveal that many challenges can cause unacceptable characterization errors—with the angular interplay among the test light source, measuring device, and IPV being particularly detrimental under diffuse indoor illumination—and evaluate practical protocols to mitigate them. From a benchmarking perspective, we expand the understanding of the strengths of the IPV reference-cell method and reveal the fundamental inaccuracies of benchmarking based on correlated color temperature and indoor spectral coincidence. To support implementation, we provide comprehensive characterization, reporting, and benchmarking checklists, alongside recommendations for future standardization efforts. By enabling reliable performance evaluation and benchmarking, we anticipate that our findings will stimulate further advancements in IPVs, helping to realize their full potential.

室内光伏（IPVs）有望为智能设备供电。然而，不同的照明场景对IPV表征、报告和基准测试的准确性提出了重大挑战。本研究通过对覆盖广泛性能空间的IPVs进行实验表征，全面定量地研究了这些挑战。我们揭示了许多挑战可能导致不可接受的表征误差——在漫射室内照明下，测试光源、测量设备和IPV之间的角度相互作用尤其有害——并评估了减轻这些误差的实用方案。从基准测试的角度来看，我们扩展了对IPV参考细胞方法优势的理解，并揭示了基于相关色温和室内光谱一致性的基准测试的基本不准确性。为了支持实现，我们提供了全面的特性描述、报告和基准测试清单，以及对未来标准化工作的建议。通过实现可靠的性能评估和基准测试，我们预计我们的发现将刺激IPVs的进一步发展，帮助实现其全部潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Metastable sodium closo-hydridoborates for all-solid-state batteries with thick cathodes 用于厚阴极全固态电池的亚稳近氢化硼酸钠

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102130

Jin An Sam Oh , Zihan Yu , Chen-Jui Huang , Phillip Ridley , Alex Liu , Tianren Zhang , Bing Joe Hwang , Kent J. Griffith , Shyue Ping Ong , Ying Shirley Meng

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) featuring a thick cathode layer paired with a high-capacity alloy anode offer enhanced energy density and reliable performance, even at subzero temperatures, and can outperform their liquid-based counterparts. Enabling such technology requires a solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, mechanical formability, and excellent electrochemical stability. Here, we demonstrate that a kinetically stable orthorhombic Na₃(B₁₂H₁₂)(BH₄) phase exhibits a superionic conductivity of 4.6 mS cm⁻¹ at 30°C alongside excellent reduction stability. High-throughput molecular dynamic simulations reveal that the propensity for anion motion significantly enhances the population of highly mobile Na⁺ without affecting the activation energy. By leveraging its high conductivity across a wide temperature range, this material enables the development of all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries with ultra-thick cathodes, delivering reliable functionality at room temperature and in subzero environments. This study expands our understanding of hydridoborate-based solid electrolytes, highlighting their potential in next-generation energy storage systems.

全固态电池（assb）具有厚阴极层和高容量合金阳极，即使在零度以下的温度下，也能提供更高的能量密度和可靠的性能，并且优于基于液体的电池。实现这种技术需要具有高离子导电性、机械成形性和优异电化学稳定性的固体电解质。在这里，我们证明了一个动力学稳定的正交Na3(B12H12)（BH4）相在30°C下具有4.6 mS cm−1的超离子电导率和优异的还原稳定性。高通量分子动力学模拟表明，阴离子运动倾向显著提高了高流动性Na+的居群，而不影响活化能。利用其在宽温度范围内的高导电性，这种材料可以开发具有超厚阴极的全固态钠离子电池，在室温和零下环境下提供可靠的功能。这项研究扩展了我们对氢硼酸盐基固体电解质的理解，突出了它们在下一代储能系统中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Energy, power, and actuation systems for sustained untethered flight in gram-scale aerial vehicles 克级飞行器持续无系绳飞行的能量、动力和驱动系统

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102104

Jinzhe Peng , Xiangyu Yang , Wei Shen , Jingyi Li , Mingjing Qi

Gram-scale micro aerial vehicles have a flight time of less than 10 min, which is far from long-duration or even unlimited endurance, thus significantly constraining their application scenarios. To address the challenges faced by gram-scale micro aerial vehicles for sustained untethered flight, this article examines recent advances in energy, power, and actuation systems and outlines environmental energy-harvesting strategies. Major technological bottlenecks are identified, and key design principles are proposed, including the selection of actuators with high lift-to-power ratios, the prioritization of lightweight and efficient energy and power systems, and the integrated structural design. These insights provide guidance for realizing practical, long-duration flight.

克级微型飞行器的飞行时间不足10分钟，远谈不上长时间飞行甚至无限续航力，极大地制约了其应用场景。为了解决克级微型飞行器在持续无系绳飞行中所面临的挑战，本文研究了能源、动力和驱动系统的最新进展，并概述了环境能量收集策略。确定了主要的技术瓶颈，并提出了关键的设计原则，包括选择具有高升功率比的执行器，优先考虑轻量化和高效的能源和动力系统，以及集成结构设计。这些见解为实现实际的长时间飞行提供了指导。

引用次数: 0

How non-ohmic contact-layer diodes in perovskite pinholes affect abrupt low-voltage reverse-bias breakdown and destruction of solar cells 钙钛矿针孔中的非欧姆接触层二极管如何影响太阳能电池的突然低压反偏击穿和破坏

IF 35.4 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Joule

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102102

Samuel Johnson , Daniel Morales , Kell Fremouw , Isaac E. Gould , Tomoko Borsa , Steve Johnston , Axel Palmstrom , Ryan A. DeCrescent , Michael D. McGehee

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) rapidly degrade under reverse bias, a condition that may occur during partial shading. Here, we use electrical measurements, electron microscopy, and optical and thermal imaging to investigate abrupt breakdown and hotspotting under low reverse potentials (<|−2| V). We show that microscopic pinholes in the perovskite layer cause rapid, destructive breakdown under reverse bias despite minimally reducing power conversion efficiencies. Measurements on miniature (200-micrometer diameter) PSCs and perovskite-free transport-layer diodes indicate that abrupt, low-voltage breakdown occurs in nanoscale to micrometer-scale defects and that metal migration and filamentation are unlikely causes. Reverse-bias stability substantially improves when pinholes in the perovskite and transport layers are eliminated. Atomic layer deposition of tin oxide prevents abrupt breakdown by ensuring physical separation between electrodes—not by blocking metal ion migration. Perovskite researchers should adopt cleaner, more uniform deposition techniques to enable robust PSCs for further research and commercial applications.

钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）在反向偏压下迅速降解，这种情况可能发生在部分遮光期间。在这里，我们使用电测量、电子显微镜、光学和热成像来研究低反向电位（<|−2| V）下的突然击穿和热点。我们发现，钙钛矿层中的微观针孔在反向偏压下导致快速的破坏性击穿，尽管最小程度地降低了功率转换效率。对微型（直径200微米）PSCs和无钙钛矿传输层二极管的测量表明，在纳米级到微米级的缺陷中会发生突然的低压击穿，金属迁移和成丝不太可能是原因。当钙钛矿和输运层中的针孔被消除时，反向偏置稳定性大大提高。氧化锡的原子层沉积通过确保电极之间的物理分离而不是通过阻止金属离子迁移来防止突然击穿。钙钛矿研究人员应该采用更清洁、更均匀的沉积技术，使PSCs能够进一步研究和商业应用。

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引用次数: 0

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