Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2018.8362369
I. Bolvashenkov, J. Kammermann, Taha Lahlou, H. Herzog
The paper presents a methodology to create the predictive control system of reliability and fault tolerance of one of the main components of the electric vehicle traction drive — an electric traction motor. For the vehicle traction drives, which are safety-critical systems, the problem of achieving high reliability and fault tolerance of propulsion system became today a crucial task. The solution of this task is based on the remaining useful life evaluation technique and on the multi-state system reliability Markov model for the systems with degradation states, which can be practically applied to any type of electric vehicles. Based on the analysis of existing techniques to predict the reliability indices of the traction electric drives during its operation, a system for the continuous evaluating and controlling the reliability and fault tolerance of the traction electric drive by the automatically connection the redundant components has been developed.
{"title":"Predictive reliability control of the safety-critical traction electric drive with structural redundancy","authors":"I. Bolvashenkov, J. Kammermann, Taha Lahlou, H. Herzog","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2018.8362369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2018.8362369","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a methodology to create the predictive control system of reliability and fault tolerance of one of the main components of the electric vehicle traction drive — an electric traction motor. For the vehicle traction drives, which are safety-critical systems, the problem of achieving high reliability and fault tolerance of propulsion system became today a crucial task. The solution of this task is based on the remaining useful life evaluation technique and on the multi-state system reliability Markov model for the systems with degradation states, which can be practically applied to any type of electric vehicles. Based on the analysis of existing techniques to predict the reliability indices of the traction electric drives during its operation, a system for the continuous evaluating and controlling the reliability and fault tolerance of the traction electric drive by the automatically connection the redundant components has been developed.","PeriodicalId":344175,"journal":{"name":"2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"322 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126933625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2018.8362412
Leka Alain Innocent, Doumbia Mamadou Lamine, Song-Manguelle Joseph, V. Yaramasu
Multilevel power converter control is more efficient and flexible nowadays thanks to microprocessors. They allow to have a dynamic system with the Model Predictive Control algorithm. Many medium-voltage voltage source inverters use three-level Neutral-Point Clamped technology. There are two types of Model Predictive Control: Continuous Control Sets and Finite Control Sets. This paper uses the finite control model prediction control algorithm to control stacked Neutral-Point Clamped forming a thirteen-level Cascaded H-Bridge multicellular converter symmetric. The highly dynamic performance of multicell converters controlled by the Model Predictive Control are used to predict the current that feeds a three-phase line by inverter who are using of low-voltage components such as 1400-V IGBTs that are mass produced with a cost advantage over high-voltage (>1700 V) IGBTs. The 3rd harmonic injection method is introduced to boost the output voltage of each H-Bridge.
{"title":"Finite control set-model predictive control for power converters multilevel symmetric cascaded H-bridge inverters-fed drive","authors":"Leka Alain Innocent, Doumbia Mamadou Lamine, Song-Manguelle Joseph, V. Yaramasu","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2018.8362412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2018.8362412","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel power converter control is more efficient and flexible nowadays thanks to microprocessors. They allow to have a dynamic system with the Model Predictive Control algorithm. Many medium-voltage voltage source inverters use three-level Neutral-Point Clamped technology. There are two types of Model Predictive Control: Continuous Control Sets and Finite Control Sets. This paper uses the finite control model prediction control algorithm to control stacked Neutral-Point Clamped forming a thirteen-level Cascaded H-Bridge multicellular converter symmetric. The highly dynamic performance of multicell converters controlled by the Model Predictive Control are used to predict the current that feeds a three-phase line by inverter who are using of low-voltage components such as 1400-V IGBTs that are mass produced with a cost advantage over high-voltage (>1700 V) IGBTs. The 3rd harmonic injection method is introduced to boost the output voltage of each H-Bridge.","PeriodicalId":344175,"journal":{"name":"2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114269654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2018.8362371
Imen Nouira El Badsi, B. E. Badsi, A. Masmoudi
The paper proposes a novel direct torque control (DTC) strategy for induction motor (IM) drives fed by (B3-VSI). The introduced strategy, noted DTCEmulB3, is based on the emulation of the operation of the conventional inverter (B6-VSI). This has been achieved thanks to a suitable combinations of the three voltage vectors intrinsically generated by the B3-VSI, leading to the synthesis of the six balanced voltage vectors of the B3-VSI. This approach has been adopted in the design of the look-up table of the proposed DTC strategy which considers a subdivision of the Concordia plan into six sectors. Simulation and experimental results have revealed that, thanks to the proposed DTC strategy, B3-VSI fed IM drives exhibit interesting performance. These have been experimentally validated.
{"title":"B6-VSI emulation-based DTC strategy dedicated to B3-VSI fed induction motor drives","authors":"Imen Nouira El Badsi, B. E. Badsi, A. Masmoudi","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2018.8362371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2018.8362371","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a novel direct torque control (DTC) strategy for induction motor (IM) drives fed by (B3-VSI). The introduced strategy, noted DTCEmulB3, is based on the emulation of the operation of the conventional inverter (B6-VSI). This has been achieved thanks to a suitable combinations of the three voltage vectors intrinsically generated by the B3-VSI, leading to the synthesis of the six balanced voltage vectors of the B3-VSI. This approach has been adopted in the design of the look-up table of the proposed DTC strategy which considers a subdivision of the Concordia plan into six sectors. Simulation and experimental results have revealed that, thanks to the proposed DTC strategy, B3-VSI fed IM drives exhibit interesting performance. These have been experimentally validated.","PeriodicalId":344175,"journal":{"name":"2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114868313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2018.8362386
A. González-Garrido, A. Saez-de-Ibarra, H. Gaztañaga, A. Milo, P. Eguía
This paper proposes an energy storage management with an advanced and optimized market participation methodology for Day-Ahead Market (DM), Intraday Market (IM) and Secondary Reserve Market (SRM), with the aim of defining the optimal trade-off between the profits and the fulfilment of SRM requirements. This paper aims to demonstrate their potential to participate not only in energy markets, but also in frequency ancillary services in order to contribute to the grid stability, as well as being an additional source of revenues. The suitable market strategy must ensure an optimal and reliable operation despite the uncertainty of solar generation, the uncertain real-time CRR signal and the limited capacity of the energy storage system.
{"title":"Comparison of market operation strategies for photovoltaic power plants with storage systems providing frequency ancillary services","authors":"A. González-Garrido, A. Saez-de-Ibarra, H. Gaztañaga, A. Milo, P. Eguía","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2018.8362386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2018.8362386","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an energy storage management with an advanced and optimized market participation methodology for Day-Ahead Market (DM), Intraday Market (IM) and Secondary Reserve Market (SRM), with the aim of defining the optimal trade-off between the profits and the fulfilment of SRM requirements. This paper aims to demonstrate their potential to participate not only in energy markets, but also in frequency ancillary services in order to contribute to the grid stability, as well as being an additional source of revenues. The suitable market strategy must ensure an optimal and reliable operation despite the uncertainty of solar generation, the uncertain real-time CRR signal and the limited capacity of the energy storage system.","PeriodicalId":344175,"journal":{"name":"2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115588553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2018.8362384
L. Costanzo, M. Vitelli
In this paper it is shown that Resonant Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester (REVEH) systems nearly always need to be equipped with suitable MPPT (Maximum average Power Point Tracking) controllers due to the fact that the characteristics of vibrations (frequency, amplitude etc.) change with time. The particular (but frequent) case of Constant Frequency Time Varying Amplitude (CFTVA) vibrations will be considered. In particular, the guidelines for the optimization of the P&O MPPT technique to adopt in REVEH systems in the case of CFTVA vibrations are provided. It is demonstrated that both the sampling frequency íp&o and the amplitude Ad of the P&O duty cycle perturbation need to fulfill suitable inequalities in order to get an efficient REVEH system.
{"title":"Resonant electromagnetic vibration harvesters applications: Optimization of P&O MPPT technique parameters","authors":"L. Costanzo, M. Vitelli","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2018.8362384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2018.8362384","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper it is shown that Resonant Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester (REVEH) systems nearly always need to be equipped with suitable MPPT (Maximum average Power Point Tracking) controllers due to the fact that the characteristics of vibrations (frequency, amplitude etc.) change with time. The particular (but frequent) case of Constant Frequency Time Varying Amplitude (CFTVA) vibrations will be considered. In particular, the guidelines for the optimization of the P&O MPPT technique to adopt in REVEH systems in the case of CFTVA vibrations are provided. It is demonstrated that both the sampling frequency íp&o and the amplitude Ad of the P&O duty cycle perturbation need to fulfill suitable inequalities in order to get an efficient REVEH system.","PeriodicalId":344175,"journal":{"name":"2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130400607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2018.8362379
Taha Lahlou, Victor Ioan Muresan, I. Bolvashenkov, H. Herzog
Renewable energies have experienced a large growth in the past years. The increasing demand on renewable energy sources, requires more efficient converting and energy storage systems. The multilevel inverter shows in comparison to 2-level inverter topologies higher efficiency and the control of this inverter offers several advantages. Thus, a Space Vector Modulation scheme for a 17-level Cascaded H-Bridge inverter has been studied in detail, simulated in Simulink using the Simscape Power Systems toolbox, and within this paper presented. Finally, on the merits of simulation results, a comparison between Space Vector Modulation and Level Shifted Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation is given.
可再生能源在过去几年中经历了巨大的增长。对可再生能源日益增长的需求，需要更高效的转换和储能系统。与2级逆变器拓扑结构相比，多电平逆变器显示出更高的效率，并且该逆变器的控制具有几个优点。因此，对17电平级联h桥逆变器的空间矢量调制方案进行了详细研究，并在Simulink中使用Simscape Power Systems工具箱进行了仿真，并在本文中提出。最后，根据仿真结果的优点，对空间矢量调制和移电平相配置脉宽调制进行了比较。
{"title":"Space vector modulation for 17-level cascaded H-bridge inverter for use in battery energy storage systems","authors":"Taha Lahlou, Victor Ioan Muresan, I. Bolvashenkov, H. Herzog","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2018.8362379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2018.8362379","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energies have experienced a large growth in the past years. The increasing demand on renewable energy sources, requires more efficient converting and energy storage systems. The multilevel inverter shows in comparison to 2-level inverter topologies higher efficiency and the control of this inverter offers several advantages. Thus, a Space Vector Modulation scheme for a 17-level Cascaded H-Bridge inverter has been studied in detail, simulated in Simulink using the Simscape Power Systems toolbox, and within this paper presented. Finally, on the merits of simulation results, a comparison between Space Vector Modulation and Level Shifted Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation is given.","PeriodicalId":344175,"journal":{"name":"2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122350212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2018.8362394
Soeren Scherler, X. Liu-Henke
The present paper focuses on the holistic design of a battery electric vehicle with range extender. A predictive vehicle management replaces the driver and enables autonomous and energy-optimized driving. Therefore, it uses data from its sensors as well as navigation data and information from car-2-x-communication. The development of this vehicle management is done with a clearly structured, holistic mechatronic development methodology based on modularization and hierarchization of the complex system and function development according to Rapid Control Prototyping with MiL, SiL and HiL simulations. The development of the predictive energy management is shown as an example for the usage of this methodology.
{"title":"Holistic design of an electric vehicle with range extender in connected traffic systems","authors":"Soeren Scherler, X. Liu-Henke","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2018.8362394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2018.8362394","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper focuses on the holistic design of a battery electric vehicle with range extender. A predictive vehicle management replaces the driver and enables autonomous and energy-optimized driving. Therefore, it uses data from its sensors as well as navigation data and information from car-2-x-communication. The development of this vehicle management is done with a clearly structured, holistic mechatronic development methodology based on modularization and hierarchization of the complex system and function development according to Rapid Control Prototyping with MiL, SiL and HiL simulations. The development of the predictive energy management is shown as an example for the usage of this methodology.","PeriodicalId":344175,"journal":{"name":"2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128437524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2018.8362367
F. Liebetrau, C. Weber, Christian Wachter, F. Rinderknecht, H. Friedrich
This paper proposes a winding head support design with a thin film surface metallization for edge rounding to avoid high electric field strengths and thereby winding insulation failures. Base materials of the winding head support are high performance plastics like polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or high temperature resins with good heat resistance capabilities and a low electrical conductivity to minimize eddy current losses. The metallization layer of the support is manufactured in thin film technology for the same purpose. The main focus of the work lies on investigating the improvement of dielectric strength of the insulation system. Electrostatic FEM-calculations are being conducted to estimate the distribution of the electric field strength in the area of the stator edges. Within this work eddy current losses inside the metallization layer are also considered. Although the conductive film of the support is with a thickness fewer than 100 microns [1] very thin, heating, especially in the area of the winding head, may cause structural and lifetime issues. On this account, FEM-simulations regarding eddy current losses and thermal distributions are being progressed.
{"title":"Winding insulation improvement by thin film metalized winding head support for fast switching SiC-voltage inverter drives","authors":"F. Liebetrau, C. Weber, Christian Wachter, F. Rinderknecht, H. Friedrich","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2018.8362367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2018.8362367","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a winding head support design with a thin film surface metallization for edge rounding to avoid high electric field strengths and thereby winding insulation failures. Base materials of the winding head support are high performance plastics like polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or high temperature resins with good heat resistance capabilities and a low electrical conductivity to minimize eddy current losses. The metallization layer of the support is manufactured in thin film technology for the same purpose. The main focus of the work lies on investigating the improvement of dielectric strength of the insulation system. Electrostatic FEM-calculations are being conducted to estimate the distribution of the electric field strength in the area of the stator edges. Within this work eddy current losses inside the metallization layer are also considered. Although the conductive film of the support is with a thickness fewer than 100 microns [1] very thin, heating, especially in the area of the winding head, may cause structural and lifetime issues. On this account, FEM-simulations regarding eddy current losses and thermal distributions are being progressed.","PeriodicalId":344175,"journal":{"name":"2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116963360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2018.8362359
Niklas König, E. Grasso, K. Schuhmacher, M. Nienhaus
An important tool in the field of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) is parameter identification, which allows for final stage inspection, adaptive control and condition monitoring. Common identification approaches require the PMSM to be mounted into a test-bench with encoders, which is complicated or not possible for some machines. In order to address this issue, this work combines a Recursive Least-Squares based parameter identification algorithm with the sensorless control technique Direct Flux Observer (DFO). The developed identification technique is implemented on a microcontroller and experimental results on different kind of PMSMs are shown and discussed.
{"title":"Parameter identification of star-connected PMSMs by means of a sensorless technique","authors":"Niklas König, E. Grasso, K. Schuhmacher, M. Nienhaus","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2018.8362359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2018.8362359","url":null,"abstract":"An important tool in the field of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) is parameter identification, which allows for final stage inspection, adaptive control and condition monitoring. Common identification approaches require the PMSM to be mounted into a test-bench with encoders, which is complicated or not possible for some machines. In order to address this issue, this work combines a Recursive Least-Squares based parameter identification algorithm with the sensorless control technique Direct Flux Observer (DFO). The developed identification technique is implemented on a microcontroller and experimental results on different kind of PMSMs are shown and discussed.","PeriodicalId":344175,"journal":{"name":"2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130949549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2018.8362345
M. Caruso, A. Tommaso, M. Lombardo, Rosario Miceli, C. Nevoloso, C. Spataro
In this paper, an experimental investigation on the comparison between the Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) and the Field Orientation Control (FOC) algorithms for interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) is described, analyzed and discussed. This investigation was carried out on a small-power IPMSM with low saliency ratio. More in detail, after a previous simulation study, the control techniques have been experimentally implemented and validated through means of a dSPACE® rapid prototyping system. The performances of the two algorithms have been evaluated and compared, obtaining interesting results.
{"title":"Experimental comparison of two control algorithms for low-saliency ratio interior permanent magnet synchronous motors","authors":"M. Caruso, A. Tommaso, M. Lombardo, Rosario Miceli, C. Nevoloso, C. Spataro","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2018.8362345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2018.8362345","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an experimental investigation on the comparison between the Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) and the Field Orientation Control (FOC) algorithms for interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) is described, analyzed and discussed. This investigation was carried out on a small-power IPMSM with low saliency ratio. More in detail, after a previous simulation study, the control techniques have been experimentally implemented and validated through means of a dSPACE® rapid prototyping system. The performances of the two algorithms have been evaluated and compared, obtaining interesting results.","PeriodicalId":344175,"journal":{"name":"2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126656540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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