Endocrine and Metabolic Science最新文献_第4页

Lifestyles according to disease duration in patients with diabetes and hypertension 糖尿病和高血压患者病程与生活方式的关系

Q3 Medicine

Endocrine and Metabolic Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100259

Joan A. Loayza-Castro , Lupita Ana Maria Valladolid-Sandoval , Luisa Erika Milagros Vásquez Romero , Fiorella E. Zuzunaga-Montoya , Jhonatan Roberto Astucuri Hidalgo , Víctor Juan Vera-Ponce

Introduction

In patients with hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM), lifestyles should be optimal to avoid long-term complications. However, it is sometimes unclear whether the disease duration factor could contribute to their improvement.

Objective

1) To analyze the trend of lifestyles in patients with DM or HTN; 2) to determine the association of lifestyles according to the time since diagnosis in these patients.

Materials and methods

Analytical cross-sectional study based on Peru's Demographic and Family Health Survey between 2014 and 2023. Lifestyles were: smoking status, alcohol consumption, and fruit/vegetable consumption. The time since diagnosis variable was dichotomized (< 2 years versus ≥2 years).

Results

Lifestyle trends between the established years showed a fluctuating pattern, with a significant interruption in 2020, followed by a return to pre-2020 variations, except for a decrease in smokers in subjects with HTN. On the other hand, no significant association was found between any of the three lifestyles and the time since diagnosis of HTN or DM2.

Conclusion

The trends found in lifestyles have not resulted in a sustained decrease in bad habits or a constant improvement in healthy lifestyles, except for smokers in patients with HTN, but rather a general state without substantial changes has been maintained. In turn, the disease duration does not seem to be a determining factor for changes in the lifestyles of patients with DM or HTN.

高血压（HTN）合并糖尿病（DM）患者应优化生活方式，避免长期并发症的发生。然而，病程因素是否有助于其改善有时尚不清楚。目的1)分析糖尿病或HTN患者的生活方式趋势；2)根据这些患者自诊断以来的时间来确定生活方式的相关性。材料和方法基于2014年至2023年秘鲁人口和家庭健康调查的分析性横断面研究。生活方式包括：吸烟状况、饮酒和水果/蔬菜消费。诊断变量被二分后的时间(<；2年vs≥2年)。结果各年份之间的生活方式趋势呈现波动模式，在2020年出现明显中断，随后恢复到2020年前的变化，除了HTN受试者的吸烟者减少。另一方面，三种生活方式中的任何一种与诊断出HTN或DM2后的时间之间没有明显的关联。结论生活方式的变化趋势并没有导致不良习惯的持续减少或健康生活方式的持续改善，但HTN患者中吸烟者除外，而是维持了一种没有实质性变化的一般状态。反过来，病程似乎不是DM或HTN患者生活方式改变的决定性因素。

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引用次数: 0

Peripheral vascular disease and its associated factors among diabetic patients on follow-up at Ras Desta Damtew Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴Ras Desta Damtew纪念医院随访的糖尿病患者外周血管疾病及其相关因素

Q3 Medicine

Endocrine and Metabolic Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100271

Zerihun Chala Deme , Getchew Fekadu Feda , Dereje Tsegaye , Agumasie Semahegn

Objective

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of peripheral vascular disorders and associated factors among diabetic patients on follow-up at Ras Desta Damtew Memorial Hospital, Ethiopia.

Methods

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 275 randomly selected Diabetes Mellitus patients attending follow-up at Ras Desta Damtew Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from July to August 2024. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, ankle-brachial index, and Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire, IPAQ-SF. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between dependent and independent variables. Adjusted odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were reported, and statistical significance was considered at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

The study found that 12 % (95 % CI: 8.15 %–15.85 %) of diabetic patients developed peripheral vascular disorders. Significant associations were found with smoking (AOR: 5.59; 3.42–8.63), alcohol use (AOR: 4.09; 2.56–7.74), hypertension (AOR: 3.55; 1.69–6.25), and physical inactivity (AOR: 3.80; 1.56–9.47).

Conclusions

Over one in ten diabetic patients developed peripheral vascular disease. Key associated factors include smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, and physical inactivity. Interventions targeting these risk factors are necessary to reduce related complications in diabetic patients.

目的本研究旨在评估在埃塞俄比亚Ras Desta Damtew纪念医院随访的糖尿病患者外周血管疾病的患病率及相关因素。方法对2024年7月至8月在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴Ras Desta Damtew纪念医院随访的275例糖尿病患者进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用结构化问卷、踝臂指数和爱丁堡跛行问卷（IPAQ-SF）收集数据。数据输入Epi-data 4.6版本，导出到SPSS 25版本进行分析。进行双变量和多变量二元逻辑回归分析，以确定因变量和自变量之间的关联。校正优势比为95%置信区间，p≤0.05认为有统计学意义。结果研究发现，12% （95% CI: 8.15% - 15.85%）的糖尿病患者发生周围血管病变。与吸烟有显著相关性(AOR: 5.59；3.42-8.63)，酒精使用(AOR: 4.09；2.56-7.74)，高血压(AOR: 3.55；1.69-6.25)，缺乏身体活动(AOR: 3.80；1.56 - -9.47)。结论1 / 10以上的糖尿病患者发生周围血管病变。主要的相关因素包括吸烟、饮酒、高血压和缺乏身体活动。针对这些危险因素的干预措施对于减少糖尿病患者的相关并发症是必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship between HbA1c levels and thickness of carotid intima media in prediabetic and diabetic patients 糖尿病前期与糖尿病患者颈动脉中膜厚度与HbA1c水平的关系

Q3 Medicine

Endocrine and Metabolic Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100283

Murat Ay , Alper Sari

Objective

In this study, it was shown that cardiovascular risk can be reduced by controlling risk factors, and this can be achieved by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and performing follow-up. An increase in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors is seen in the prediabetic stage, and CIMT measurement may help in preventing complications before developing diabetes and inflammatory processes.

Method

Total 89 patients and 40 healthy controls were analyzed to determine the relationship between their mean HbA1c levels, laboratory data, and CIMT in patients with identified chronic diseases.

Results

No significant correlation was noted between the mean HbA1c and right and left CIMT in patients with diabetes mellitus. In the prediabetic patient group, the a weak positive and significant correlation was found between mean HbA1c and bilateral CIMT analysis.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications is increased in the prediabetic stage and non-invasive evaluation with treatment and follow-up may prevent complications, especially cardiovascular ones, in the diabetic stage.

目的通过测量颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（CIMT）并进行随访，表明控制危险因素可以降低心血管危险。糖尿病前期动脉粥样硬化和心血管危险因素增加，CIMT测量可能有助于在发展为糖尿病和炎症过程之前预防并发症。方法对89例患者和40例健康对照进行分析，以确定慢性疾病患者的平均HbA1c水平、实验室数据和CIMT之间的关系。结果糖尿病患者的平均HbA1c与左、右CIMT无显著相关性。在糖尿病前期患者组，平均HbA1c与双侧CIMT分析呈弱正显著相关。结论糖尿病前期动脉粥样硬化及心血管并发症的发生风险增高，无创评价、治疗及随访可预防糖尿病期并发症，尤其是心血管并发症。

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引用次数: 0

Update on thyroid nodules: Characteristics and clinical management 甲状腺结节的最新进展：特征和临床管理

Q3 Medicine

Endocrine and Metabolic Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100255

Elisa Lepore , Laura Rizza , Francesca Rota , Roberto Baldelli

Thyroid nodules (TNs) represent a highly widespread condition, usually destined to a positive outcome. Nevertheless, making a correct diagnosis is crucially important to ensure an appropriate and tailored strategy of follow up or treatment. Several different techniques allow to gradually characterize TNs by performing cytological and compositional analysis. In addition, collecting data of common risk factors together with recognized features - including microcalcifications, uneven margins, taller-than-wide form - may contribute to indicate a suspected malignancy. By combining all these information and proceeding step by step in the patients' investigation to achieve a diagnosis, physicians can optimize the diagnostic process thus differentiating the small percentage of patients that need surgical intervention, without impacting on those patients with benign TNs. This may result helpful for improving the management of patients with TNs. Instead, in cases of benign TNs that no need neither surgical nor pharmacological treatments, dietary supplementations based on micronutrients involved in thyroid physiology, as iodine or myo-Inositol (myo-Ins), represent a useful tool. Even though evidence from literature sustains a correlation between iodine deficiency and TN occurrence, there are very few studies regarding a possible correlation between myo-Ins deficiency and presence of TNs. Therefore, further investigations aimed to correlate myo-Ins levels with the cytological severity of TNs may add new insights on this topic and improve the diagnostic process that aims to tailored therapies for these patients.

甲状腺结节（TNs）是一种非常普遍的疾病，通常注定是阳性的结果。然而，做出正确的诊断对于确保适当和量身定制的随访或治疗策略至关重要。几种不同的技术允许通过执行细胞学和成分分析逐渐表征TNs。此外，收集常见危险因素的数据以及已知的特征-包括微钙化，边缘不均匀，高过宽的形式-可能有助于提示可疑的恶性肿瘤。通过综合所有这些信息，在患者的调查中逐步进行诊断，医生可以优化诊断过程，从而区分出一小部分需要手术治疗的患者，而不影响那些良性TNs患者。这可能有助于改善tnn患者的管理。相反，在良性TNs不需要手术或药物治疗的情况下，基于参与甲状腺生理的微量营养素的膳食补充，如碘或肌醇（myo-Ins），是一个有用的工具。尽管文献证据支持碘缺乏与TN发生之间的相关性，但很少有研究表明myo-Ins缺乏与TN存在之间可能存在相关性。因此，进一步的研究旨在将myo-Ins水平与TNs的细胞学严重程度联系起来，可能会为这一主题提供新的见解，并改善旨在为这些患者量身定制治疗的诊断过程。

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引用次数: 0

A case of primary pseudohypoaldosteronism accompanied by respiratory distress syndrome 原发性假性醛固酮增多症伴呼吸窘迫综合征1例

Q3 Medicine

Endocrine and Metabolic Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100276

Aikaterini Salavoura, Christina Kanaka, Evaggelia Lykopoulou, Despina Lazopoulou

There is reported a case of a 5-month-old boy diagnosed with Type I pseudohypoaldosteronism which is a rare salt-losing disease caused by resistance of the target organs to aldosterone.

Diagnosis was based on clinical presentation with frequent admissions from a young age due recurrent episodes of vomiting and wheezing as well as relevant electrolyte disturbances. It is interesting that during hospitalizations, the baby showed recurrent episodes of wheezing not responding to b-agonists and corticosteroids and depended on daily oxygen supplementation. Molecular investigation of the ENac gene was normal.

The systemic form of type I pseudoaldosteronism involves pulmonary dysfunction in addition to increased levels of aldosterone.

报告一例5个月大的男孩被诊断为I型假性低醛固酮症，这是一种罕见的盐流失疾病，由靶器官对醛固酮的抵抗引起。诊断是基于从年轻时由于反复发作的呕吐和喘息以及相关的电解质紊乱而频繁入院的临床表现。有趣的是，在住院期间，婴儿表现出反复发作的喘息，对b激动剂和皮质类固醇无反应，并依赖于每日补充氧气。ENac基因分子检测正常。I型假性醛固酮增多症的全身形式除了醛固酮水平升高外，还包括肺功能障碍。

引用次数: 0

The constrained disorder principle: A novel framework for understanding glycemic variability and optimizing diabetes management 约束紊乱原则：理解血糖变异性和优化糖尿病管理的新框架

Q3 Medicine

Endocrine and Metabolic Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100262

Orly Agmon , Tal Sigawi , Yaron Ilan

Traditional diabetes management primarily focuses on controlling average glucose levels, typically assessed through HbA1c. However, emerging research highlights the significance of glucose fluctuations in influencing diabetes outcomes. Glycemic variability (GV) and glucose complexity are crucial yet often overlooked aspects of glucose regulation. This review introduces the Constrained Disorder Principle (CDP), a novel framework suggesting that biological systems function optimally within a controlled range of variability. Excessive and insufficient glucose fluctuations can be harmful, indicating a J-shaped relationship between GV and health outcomes. The CDP shifts the focus of diabetes management from simply minimizing GV to defining an optimal range that aligns with physiological glucose regulation. This approach enables more precise treatment targets. The CDP emphasizes the potential of variability-based treatment strategies, incorporating controlled fluctuations into therapy. These strategies aim to enhance adaptive responses, improve treatment efficacy, and reduce the development of resistance. By redefining the role of GV in diabetes care, the CDP may offer a transformative perspective that paves the way for more personalized, dynamic, and effective management strategies.

传统的糖尿病管理主要侧重于控制平均血糖水平，通常通过HbA1c来评估。然而，新兴的研究强调了葡萄糖波动在影响糖尿病结局中的重要性。血糖变异性（GV）和葡萄糖的复杂性是至关重要的，但往往被忽视的方面葡萄糖调节。这篇综述介绍了约束无序原理（CDP），这是一个新的框架，表明生物系统在可变性的可控范围内发挥最佳作用。葡萄糖波动过多和不足都可能有害，表明GV与健康结果之间呈j型关系。CDP将糖尿病管理的重点从简单地最小化GV转移到定义符合生理葡萄糖调节的最佳范围。这种方法可以实现更精确的治疗目标。该方案强调了基于变异性的治疗策略的潜力，将控制波动纳入治疗。这些策略旨在增强适应性反应，提高治疗效果，减少耐药性的产生。通过重新定义GV在糖尿病护理中的作用，CDP可以提供一个变革性的视角，为更个性化、动态和有效的管理策略铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists reduce inflammatory signaling independent of myofiber mineralocorticoid receptor 矿化皮质激素受体拮抗剂减少独立于肌纤维矿化皮质激素受体的炎症信号

Q3 Medicine

Endocrine and Metabolic Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100266

Jeovanna Lowe , Arden B. Piepho , Chetan K. Gomatam , Peyton Debell , Megan N. Ballinger , Jill A. Rafael-Fortney

Chronic inflammation is a feature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a degenerative striated muscle disease. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists (MRAs) have demonstrated clinical benefit on later onset DMD cardiomyopathy, and preclinical studies in mouse models have demonstrated efficacy on multiple steps of skeletal muscle pathology. MRA treatment of the mdx mouse model reduces pro-inflammatory gene expression from skeletal muscle myeloid immune cells and represses muscle cytokine signaling and fibrosis. Myofiber-specific knockout of MR in mdx mice improves muscle force and reduces fibrosis, but inflammation in this model had not been investigated. In this study we investigated muscle inflammation at the cellular level using flow cytometry and at the protein signaling level using an unbiased cytokine assay. Numbers and proportions of myeloid cells were the same in mdx mice and those lacking myofiber MR, similar to the absence of cell type differences previously observed with either MRA treatment or myeloid MR knockout. MRA treatment, but not myofiber MR deletion alone, led to reductions in numerous cytokines and chemokines also previously observed in mdx mice. These data suggest that the beneficial reduction of inflammatory signaling from MRAs is largely independent of myofiber MR and occurs through another mechanism.

慢性炎症是一种退行性横纹肌疾病杜氏肌营养不良症（DMD）的特征。矿盐皮质激素受体（MR）拮抗剂（MRAs）已被证明对晚发性DMD心肌病有临床益处，小鼠模型的临床前研究已证明对骨骼肌病理的多个步骤有效。mdx小鼠模型的MRA治疗降低骨骼肌髓系免疫细胞的促炎基因表达，抑制肌肉细胞因子信号传导和纤维化。mdx小鼠肌纤维特异性敲除MR可改善肌力并减少纤维化，但该模型中的炎症尚未研究。在这项研究中，我们在细胞水平上使用流式细胞术研究肌肉炎症，在蛋白质信号水平上使用无偏倚细胞因子测定。mdx小鼠和缺乏肌纤维MR的小鼠的髓细胞数量和比例相同，类似于之前在MRA治疗或髓细胞MR敲除中观察到的细胞类型差异的缺失。MRA治疗，而不是单独的肌纤维MR缺失，导致先前在mdx小鼠中观察到的许多细胞因子和趋化因子的减少。这些数据表明，来自mra的炎症信号的有益减少在很大程度上独立于肌纤维MR，并通过另一种机制发生。

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引用次数: 0

The status of thyroid disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Guilan province, Iran 伊朗桂兰地区2型糖尿病患者甲状腺功能障碍状况调查

Q3 Medicine

Endocrine and Metabolic Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100267

Maryam Yaseri , Haniyeh Sadat Fayazi , Fatemeh Mahdi , Faezeh Motevali , Seyedeh Sahereh Mortazavi Khatibani

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid disorders and their associated risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 223 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of thyroid disorders. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and risk factors associated with thyroid disorders were evaluated by comparing diabetic patients with and without thyroid dysfunction. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, with the level of significance set at P < 0.05.

Results

The mean age of patients was 54.24 ± 9.73 years, and 72.6 % (n = 162) were female. The prevalence of thyroid disorders among patients with T2DM was 61.9 %, with hypothyroidism being the most common (45.7 %). Cardiovascular disease was the most frequent diabetes-related complication (43.9 %), while nephropathy had the lowest prevalence (40.8 %). Neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease were significantly more frequent in patients with thyroid disorders compared to those without (P < 0.05). A family history of thyroid disease was present in 40.4 % of patients, and 17.0 % were positive for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Thyroid disorders were more prevalent in females (67.9 %) compared to males (45.9 %) (P = 0.003). Female gender and a positive family history were significant risk factors for developing thyroid disorders (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that female gender and a positive family history of thyroid disease are significant predictors of thyroid dysfunction in patients with T2DM. These findings underscore the need for routine screening for thyroid disorders in this patient population.

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者甲状腺功能障碍的患病率及其相关危险因素。方法对223例2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者进行横断面研究。根据是否存在甲状腺疾病将患者分为两组。收集了人口统计学、临床和实验室数据，并通过比较有和无甲状腺功能障碍的糖尿病患者来评估与甲状腺疾病相关的危险因素。采用SPSS version 22进行统计分析，显著性水平设为P <；0.05.结果患者平均年龄54.24±9.73岁，女性占72.6% （n = 162）。T2DM患者中甲状腺疾病的患病率为61.9%，其中甲状腺功能减退最为常见（45.7%）。心血管疾病是最常见的糖尿病相关并发症（43.9%），而肾病的患病率最低（40.8%）。神经病变、肾病和心血管疾病在甲状腺疾病患者中的发生率明显高于无甲状腺疾病患者(P <；0.05)。40.4%的患者有甲状腺疾病家族史，17.0%的患者抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体阳性。甲状腺疾病在女性中的患病率（67.9%）高于男性（45.9%）（P = 0.003）。女性和阳性家族史是发生甲状腺疾病的重要危险因素(P <；0.05)。结论女性和甲状腺家族史是2型糖尿病患者甲状腺功能障碍的重要预测因素。这些发现强调了对这类患者进行甲状腺疾病常规筛查的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Diabetic nephropathy: Pathophysiology and potential therapeutic role of plant extracts 糖尿病肾病：植物提取物的病理生理和潜在治疗作用

Q3 Medicine

Endocrine and Metabolic Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100263

Mehak Naseer Mir , Ishfaq Ahmad Malik , Rayees Ahmad Naik , Sonalika Singh , Aabid Rashid Hurra , Zahid Ahmad Wani , Rakhmat Shah , Yaqoob Lone

Objective

This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic nephropathy (DN), with a particular focus on the role of oxidative stress. Additionally, it evaluates the therapeutic potential of plant-based extracts rich in bioactive compounds for the management of diabetes and its associated renal complications.

Results

Oxidative stress is identified as a key contributor to DN pathogenesis. Several major pathways are involved, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), mitochondrial dysfunction, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling. These mechanisms collectively lead to podocyte injury, tubular damage, extracellular matrix accumulation, disrupted renal hemodynamics, and glomerular hyperfiltration. Plant-derived compounds have shown potential in modulating these pathways, thereby offering renal protective effects.

Conclusion

Plant-based remedies enriched with bioactive compounds represent promising adjunct therapies for managing diabetes and its renal complications. Their integration into conventional treatment regimens may provide a holistic approach to glycemic control and reduction of oxidative stress-induced kidney damage. This review underscores the importance of multifaceted therapeutic strategies targeting both metabolic dysregulation and oxidative stress to effectively prevent and manage diabetic nephropathy.

目的探讨糖尿病肾病（DN）的分子机制，特别是氧化应激的作用。此外，它还评估了富含生物活性化合物的植物提取物对糖尿病及其相关肾脏并发症的治疗潜力。结果氧化应激是DN发病的关键因素。其中包括缺氧诱导因子-1 （HIF-1）、转化生长因子-β (TGF-β)、线粒体功能障碍、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）激活和内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）解偶联。这些机制共同导致足细胞损伤、小管损伤、细胞外基质积累、肾血流动力学破坏和肾小球高滤过。植物源性化合物已显示出调节这些途径的潜力，从而提供肾脏保护作用。结论富含生物活性化合物的植物性药物是治疗糖尿病及其肾脏并发症的有希望的辅助疗法。将它们整合到常规治疗方案中，可能为血糖控制和减少氧化应激引起的肾损伤提供一种全面的方法。这篇综述强调了针对代谢失调和氧化应激的多方面治疗策略对有效预防和管理糖尿病肾病的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Hyperthyroidism treatment: A brief review with recommendations 甲状腺机能亢进的治疗：简要回顾和建议

Q3 Medicine

Endocrine and Metabolic Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100282

Wissal Abassi , Nejmeddine Ouerghi , Nidhal Jebabli , Moncef Feki , Anissa Bouassida , Katja Weiss , Beat Knechtle

Hyperthyroidism is an endocrine disorder in which excessive levels of thyroid hormones are circulating, either because of an exogenous source such as a prescription error or excessive hormone production by the thyroid gland. The present brief review aims to summarize the current treatment options and provide a medical guide for professionals. There are many treatment options for hyperthyroidism. The choice of treatment depends on the cause and severity of the disease, the presence of contraindications to a particular treatment modality, and the patient's preference. Treating the disease will prevent long-term health problems and relieve uncomfortable symptoms. Antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, beta-blockers and surgery are the primary treatment options for persistent hyperthyroidism. Each therapeutic method can produce beneficial effects if used appropriately.

甲状腺机能亢进是一种内分泌紊乱，其中甲状腺激素水平过高，可由处方错误等外源性因素引起，也可由甲状腺分泌过多的激素引起。本文旨在总结目前的治疗方案，并为专业人员提供医学指导。甲状腺机能亢进有很多治疗方法。治疗的选择取决于疾病的原因和严重程度，特定治疗方式是否存在禁忌症，以及患者的偏好。治疗这种疾病可以预防长期的健康问题，减轻不适的症状。抗甲状腺药物、放射性碘、受体阻滞剂和手术是治疗持续性甲亢的主要选择。如果使用得当，每种治疗方法都能产生有益的效果。

引用次数: 0