Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus with significant mortality. Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for thiamine, as an adjuvant therapy in DKA management. This study explored the effect of thiamine supplementation on the resolution of DKA.
Methods
An open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care facility. Sixty adult DKA patients were randomized into two groups, using online randomization generator. Thirty patients (intervention group) received thiamine supplementation with standard DKA therapy, and thirty patients (active control group) received only standard DKA therapy. Baseline investigations were performed and statistical analyses were conducted to compare time to resolution of ketoacidosis, morbidity, mortality, and adverse events between the two groups.
Results
The study showed no significant difference between the demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters within the two groups. In the intervention vs the active control group, time to resolution of DKA (9.6 vs. 9.9 h, p = 0.342), duration of hospital stays (4.2 vs. 3.7 days, p = 0.157), and complications (20 % vs. 10 %, p = 0.472) showed no significant statistical differences. Infections (41.7 %) and non-compliance (38.3 %) were leading causes for precipitation of DKA. No adverse events were observed.
Conclusion
There was no statistically significant difference between the two study groups. Given the safety profile, easy availability and cost effectiveness of thiamine, further research is warranted in larger cohorts to validate the potential therapeutic role of thiamine as adjuvant in DKA management.
背景：糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）是糖尿病的急性并发症，死亡率很高。新出现的证据表明，硫胺素作为辅助治疗在DKA管理中的潜在作用。本研究探讨了补充硫胺素对DKA分解的影响。方法在一家三级医疗机构进行一项开放标签、随机对照试验。采用在线随机发生器将60例成人DKA患者随机分为两组。30例患者（干预组）在补充硫胺素的同时接受标准DKA治疗，30例患者（积极对照组）仅接受标准DKA治疗。进行基线调查并进行统计分析，比较两组之间酮症酸中毒的消退时间、发病率、死亡率和不良事件。结果两组患者的人口学、临床及实验室指标均无统计学差异。干预组与积极对照组DKA缓解时间（9.6 h vs. 9.9 h, p = 0.342）、住院时间（4.2 d vs. 3.7 d, p = 0.157）、并发症（20% vs. 10%, p = 0.472）差异无统计学意义。感染（41.7%）和不遵医嘱（38.3%）是导致DKA沉淀的主要原因。未观察到不良事件。结论两组间无统计学差异。鉴于硫胺素的安全性、易得性和成本效益，进一步的研究需要在更大的队列中验证硫胺素作为DKA治疗辅助剂的潜在治疗作用。
{"title":"Thiamine supplementation in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis: An open-label, randomized controlled trial","authors":"Alisha Khan , Shiva Narang , Amitesh Aggarwal , Nishant Raizada","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus with significant mortality. Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for thiamine, as an adjuvant therapy in DKA management. This study explored the effect of thiamine supplementation on the resolution of DKA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care facility. Sixty adult DKA patients were randomized into two groups, using online randomization generator. Thirty patients (intervention group) received thiamine supplementation with standard DKA therapy, and thirty patients (active control group) received only standard DKA therapy. Baseline investigations were performed and statistical analyses were conducted to compare time to resolution of ketoacidosis, morbidity, mortality, and adverse events between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study showed no significant difference between the demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters within the two groups. In the intervention vs the active control group, time to resolution of DKA (9.6 vs. 9.9 h, <em>p</em> = 0.342), duration of hospital stays (4.2 vs. 3.7 days, <em>p</em> = 0.157), and complications (20 % vs. 10 %, <em>p</em> = 0.472) showed no significant statistical differences. Infections (41.7 %) and non-compliance (38.3 %) were leading causes for precipitation of DKA. No adverse events were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There was no statistically significant difference between the two study groups. Given the safety profile, easy availability and cost effectiveness of thiamine, further research is warranted in larger cohorts to validate the potential therapeutic role of thiamine as adjuvant in DKA management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100281
Samer Younes
Developing healthier food products and dietary habits to combat non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally requires a deeper understanding of how nutrients interact with the gut microbiota. Emerging studies in humans and model organisms suggest that gut microbes play a crucial role in shaping an individual's micronutrient status by influencing their synthesis, bioavailability, and metabolic effects.
Micronutrients can modulate the symbiotic relationship between gut bacteria and the host, impacting endocrine pathways that regulate glucose metabolism. Minerals and trace elements, for example, can alter gut microbiota composition, strengthen intestinal barrier function, mitigate metabolic inflammation, and influence cellular glucose uptake, as well as insulin and thyroid hormone activity. Similarly, dietary vitamins affect microbial populations, while gut bacteria themselves can modify and produce vitamins. These interactions have downstream effects on immunity, lipid and glucose metabolism, and pancreatic beta-cell function.
Despite these insights, the precise mechanisms linking micronutrient deficiencies or excesses to gut microbiota shifts and their subsequent impact on metabolic disease risk remain unclear. Additionally, the causal relationships between vitamins and microbial function require further investigation. This review explores the interplay between micronutrients and gut microbiota, shedding light on their collective role in metabolic health.
{"title":"The role of micronutrients in gut microbiota and metabolic health","authors":"Samer Younes","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing healthier food products and dietary habits to combat non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally requires a deeper understanding of how nutrients interact with the gut microbiota. Emerging studies in humans and model organisms suggest that gut microbes play a crucial role in shaping an individual's micronutrient status by influencing their synthesis, bioavailability, and metabolic effects.</div><div>Micronutrients can modulate the symbiotic relationship between gut bacteria and the host, impacting endocrine pathways that regulate glucose metabolism. Minerals and trace elements, for example, can alter gut microbiota composition, strengthen intestinal barrier function, mitigate metabolic inflammation, and influence cellular glucose uptake, as well as insulin and thyroid hormone activity. Similarly, dietary vitamins affect microbial populations, while gut bacteria themselves can modify and produce vitamins. These interactions have downstream effects on immunity, lipid and glucose metabolism, and pancreatic beta-cell function.</div><div>Despite these insights, the precise mechanisms linking micronutrient deficiencies or excesses to gut microbiota shifts and their subsequent impact on metabolic disease risk remain unclear. Additionally, the causal relationships between vitamins and microbial function require further investigation. This review explores the interplay between micronutrients and gut microbiota, shedding light on their collective role in metabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyperthyroidism is an endocrine disorder in which excessive levels of thyroid hormones are circulating, either because of an exogenous source such as a prescription error or excessive hormone production by the thyroid gland. The present brief review aims to summarize the current treatment options and provide a medical guide for professionals. There are many treatment options for hyperthyroidism. The choice of treatment depends on the cause and severity of the disease, the presence of contraindications to a particular treatment modality, and the patient's preference. Treating the disease will prevent long-term health problems and relieve uncomfortable symptoms. Antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, beta-blockers and surgery are the primary treatment options for persistent hyperthyroidism. Each therapeutic method can produce beneficial effects if used appropriately.
{"title":"Hyperthyroidism treatment: A brief review with recommendations","authors":"Wissal Abassi , Nejmeddine Ouerghi , Nidhal Jebabli , Moncef Feki , Anissa Bouassida , Katja Weiss , Beat Knechtle","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperthyroidism is an endocrine disorder in which excessive levels of thyroid hormones are circulating, either because of an exogenous source such as a prescription error or excessive hormone production by the thyroid gland. The present brief review aims to summarize the current treatment options and provide a medical guide for professionals. There are many treatment options for hyperthyroidism. The choice of treatment depends on the cause and severity of the disease, the presence of contraindications to a particular treatment modality, and the patient's preference. Treating the disease will prevent long-term health problems and relieve uncomfortable symptoms. Antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, beta-blockers and surgery are the primary treatment options for persistent hyperthyroidism. Each therapeutic method can produce beneficial effects if used appropriately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100283
Murat Ay , Alper Sari
Objective
In this study, it was shown that cardiovascular risk can be reduced by controlling risk factors, and this can be achieved by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and performing follow-up. An increase in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors is seen in the prediabetic stage, and CIMT measurement may help in preventing complications before developing diabetes and inflammatory processes.
Method
Total 89 patients and 40 healthy controls were analyzed to determine the relationship between their mean HbA1c levels, laboratory data, and CIMT in patients with identified chronic diseases.
Results
No significant correlation was noted between the mean HbA1c and right and left CIMT in patients with diabetes mellitus. In the prediabetic patient group, the a weak positive and significant correlation was found between mean HbA1c and bilateral CIMT analysis.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications is increased in the prediabetic stage and non-invasive evaluation with treatment and follow-up may prevent complications, especially cardiovascular ones, in the diabetic stage.
{"title":"Relationship between HbA1c levels and thickness of carotid intima media in prediabetic and diabetic patients","authors":"Murat Ay , Alper Sari","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In this study, it was shown that cardiovascular risk can be reduced by controlling risk factors, and this can be achieved by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and performing follow-up. An increase in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors is seen in the prediabetic stage, and CIMT measurement may help in preventing complications before developing diabetes and inflammatory processes.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Total 89 patients and 40 healthy controls were analyzed to determine the relationship between their mean HbA1c levels, laboratory data, and CIMT in patients with identified chronic diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant correlation was noted between the mean HbA1c and right and left CIMT in patients with diabetes mellitus. In the prediabetic patient group, the a weak positive and significant correlation was found between mean HbA1c and bilateral CIMT analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications is increased in the prediabetic stage and non-invasive evaluation with treatment and follow-up may prevent complications, especially cardiovascular ones, in the diabetic stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100280
Mohamad Fleifel , Amal Al Zoghbi , Jana Tabaja , Andrew El Alam , Khaled Abi Farraj , Randa Al Zaatari , Yara Skaff , Rami Tabbikha , Kamar Eid , Rana Attieh , Soha Bayda , Wassim Assaad , Dana El Masri , Ali Al Dailaty , Naya Fadel , Nesrine Abi Saad , Omar El Tarras , Georges Namnoum , Pascale Salameh , Rola Husni-Samaha , Jocelyn Eid Fares
Background
The residual effects of coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains to this day as modern research continues to further investigate the disease. COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) seem to have a poorer prognosis overall. Lebanon's DM prevalence has been previously well described in the literature, and some studies have documented some of COVID-19's drastic morbidity and mortality in type 2 DM (T2DM) patients. As per our literature review, there has not been any study in Lebanon, which exclusively describes the state of T2DM and hyperglycemia among COVID-19 adult inpatients.
Aim
To describe T2DM and hyperglycemia in relation to selected patients' clinical characteristics, paraclinical data, and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia among patients admitted to the Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital (LAUMC-RH), a large tertiary care medical center in Beirut, Lebanon.
Methodology
This was an observational retrospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted to LAUMC-RH over a near course of 8 months. The eligible subjects were hospitalized adult (≥18 years old) male and nonpregnant female patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The total eligible sample was 484 patients. All analyses were evaluated at 0.05 significance level. Cross tabulation of the results was done along with odds ratio when applicable. Cross tabulation of the results was done along with odds ratio when applicable. Multivariate analysis, survival analysis, and cox regression were also performed.
Results
Among the admitted COVID-19 patients, 33.7 % had T2DM and 9.2 % of the DM patients had previously undiagnosed T2DM. Approximately 4.5 % of the COVID-19 patients had documented hypoglycemia, and 55 % had hyperglycemia. Comparing T2DM to non-T2DM patients, approximately 48.2 % of hypertension (HTN), 52.6 % of dyslipidemia (DL), and 58.9 % of coronary artery disease (CAD) COVID-19 patients had T2DM (p-values <0.05). Around 69.6 % of patients who remained between 5 and 10 days in the intensive care unit (ICU) had T2DM (p-value <0.05). 36.8 % of the deceased inpatients had T2DM; however, the result was statistically insignificant. 55.3 % and 68.2 % of the patients with hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, respectively, had T2DM (p-values <0.05). Hyperglycemic emergencies occurred mostly in patients with T2DM (p-value <0.05), with intravenous (IV) insulin drip being used in 77.1 % among T2DM patients (p-value <0.05). The mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) for T2DM patients alone was 8.12 ± 1.68 %. Approximately 94.7 % of patients who had in-hospital hyperglycemia where on steroids (p-value <0.05). Patients with HTN, DL, CAD, overweight, and obesity all had T2DM and in-hospital hyperglycemia (p-values <0.05). Patients on home sulfonylureas (SU) or metformin were more likely to survive post hosp
{"title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A single center study from Lebanon","authors":"Mohamad Fleifel , Amal Al Zoghbi , Jana Tabaja , Andrew El Alam , Khaled Abi Farraj , Randa Al Zaatari , Yara Skaff , Rami Tabbikha , Kamar Eid , Rana Attieh , Soha Bayda , Wassim Assaad , Dana El Masri , Ali Al Dailaty , Naya Fadel , Nesrine Abi Saad , Omar El Tarras , Georges Namnoum , Pascale Salameh , Rola Husni-Samaha , Jocelyn Eid Fares","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The residual effects of coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains to this day as modern research continues to further investigate the disease. COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) seem to have a poorer prognosis overall. Lebanon's DM prevalence has been previously well described in the literature, and some studies have documented some of COVID-19's drastic morbidity and mortality in type 2 DM (T2DM) patients. As per our literature review, there has not been any study in Lebanon, which exclusively describes the state of T2DM and hyperglycemia among COVID-19 adult inpatients.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To describe T2DM and hyperglycemia in relation to selected patients' clinical characteristics, paraclinical data, and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia among patients admitted to the Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital (LAUMC-RH), a large tertiary care medical center in Beirut, Lebanon.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This was an observational retrospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted to LAUMC-RH over a near course of 8 months. The eligible subjects were hospitalized adult (≥18 years old) male and nonpregnant female patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The total eligible sample was 484 patients. All analyses were evaluated at 0.05 significance level. Cross tabulation of the results was done along with odds ratio when applicable. Cross tabulation of the results was done along with odds ratio when applicable. Multivariate analysis, survival analysis, and cox regression were also performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the admitted COVID-19 patients, 33.7 % had T2DM and 9.2 % of the DM patients had previously undiagnosed T2DM. Approximately 4.5 % of the COVID-19 patients had documented hypoglycemia, and 55 % had hyperglycemia. Comparing T2DM to non-T2DM patients, approximately 48.2 % of hypertension (HTN), 52.6 % of dyslipidemia (DL), and 58.9 % of coronary artery disease (CAD) COVID-19 patients had T2DM (<em>p</em>-values <0.05). Around 69.6 % of patients who remained between 5 and 10 days in the intensive care unit (ICU) had T2DM (p-value <0.05). 36.8 % of the deceased inpatients had T2DM; however, the result was statistically insignificant. 55.3 % and 68.2 % of the patients with hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, respectively, had T2DM (<em>p</em>-values <0.05). Hyperglycemic emergencies occurred mostly in patients with T2DM (p-value <0.05), with intravenous (IV) insulin drip being used in 77.1 % among T2DM patients (<em>p</em>-value <0.05). The mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) for T2DM patients alone was 8.12 ± 1.68 %. Approximately 94.7 % of patients who had in-hospital hyperglycemia where on steroids (p-value <0.05). Patients with HTN, DL, CAD, overweight, and obesity all had T2DM and in-hospital hyperglycemia (<em>p</em>-values <0.05). Patients on home sulfonylureas (SU) or metformin were more likely to survive post hosp","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100278
Hatem Mohammed Alotaibi , Abdulrahman F. Alotaibi , Abdullah Nasser Q. AlMuqawed , Saleh Mohammed Alotaibi , Radhi Nasser Alkubaidan , Tariq Mohaimeed Altaymani , Muharib Alruwaili , Maily J. Alrowily , Msaad Alzahrani , Abdulaziz Alzahrani
Background
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem. Cognitive and emotional aspects, such as depressive symptoms, influence patients' ability to engage in self-care and maintain optimal diabetes management.
Aim
To determine the frequency of depressive symptoms and their association with diabetes self-care, as well as related demographic and clinical characteristics, among patients with T2DM in the Jouf region.
Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending diabetes clinics at regional health centers in Jouf, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed validated Arabic versions of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure depressive symptoms and the 16-item Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) to assess self-care behaviors. Demographic, clinical, and metabolic data (BMI, HbA1c, lipid profile) were extracted. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, chi-square tests, and logistic regression using SPSS v25.
Results
The final sample included 283 patients (mean age 56 ± 11 years; 61.5 % female). Clinically significant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) were reported in 39.9 % of participants. DSMQ self-care classification showed 0.7 % with poor, 67.5 % with moderate, and 31.8 % with good self-care. Depression scores were inversely correlated with DSMQ scores (r = −0.469, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression identified family history of diabetes (OR = 6.24; p < 0.001), lower DSMQ scores (OR = 0.52; p < 0.001), and combination therapy with OHAs plus insulin (OR = 0.39; p = 0.007) as significant predictors of depressive symptoms. Elevated triglycerides were marginally associated (p = 0.051).
Conclusion
Depressive symptoms are common among patients with T2DM and strongly associated with poorer diabetes self-care. Screening, education programs, and integrated care models that combine metabolic and psychological interventions are essential to improve outcomes.
背景2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一个全球性的健康问题。认知和情绪方面，如抑郁症状，影响患者参与自我护理和维持最佳糖尿病管理的能力。目的了解Jouf地区T2DM患者抑郁症状的发生频率及其与糖尿病自我护理的关系，以及相关的人口统计学和临床特征。方法对在沙特阿拉伯Jouf地区卫生中心就诊的糖尿病患者进行了一项以医院为基础的横断面研究。参与者完成了9项患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）的有效阿拉伯语版本来测量抑郁症状，并完成了16项糖尿病自我管理问卷（DSMQ）来评估自我护理行为。提取了人口统计学、临床和代谢数据（BMI、HbA1c、血脂）。分析包括描述性统计、Spearman相关性、卡方检验和使用SPSS v25的逻辑回归。结果最终纳入283例患者，平均年龄56±11岁，女性占61.5%。39.9%的参与者报告了临床显著的抑郁症状（PHQ-9≥10）。DSMQ自我照顾分类中，自我照顾欠佳者占0.7%，中等者占67.5%，良好者占31.8%。抑郁评分与DSMQ评分呈负相关（r = - 0.469, p < 0.001）。多因素回归发现，糖尿病家族史（OR = 6.24; p < 0.001）、较低的DSMQ评分（OR = 0.52; p < 0.001）和OHAs +胰岛素联合治疗（OR = 0.39; p = 0.007）是抑郁症状的重要预测因素。甘油三酯升高与此有轻微相关性（p = 0.051）。结论2型糖尿病患者普遍存在抑郁症状，且抑郁症状与糖尿病自我护理不良密切相关。筛查、教育计划和结合代谢和心理干预的综合护理模式对改善结果至关重要。
{"title":"Evaluation of depressive symptoms and their association with diabetes self-care among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Hatem Mohammed Alotaibi , Abdulrahman F. Alotaibi , Abdullah Nasser Q. AlMuqawed , Saleh Mohammed Alotaibi , Radhi Nasser Alkubaidan , Tariq Mohaimeed Altaymani , Muharib Alruwaili , Maily J. Alrowily , Msaad Alzahrani , Abdulaziz Alzahrani","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem. Cognitive and emotional aspects, such as depressive symptoms, influence patients' ability to engage in self-care and maintain optimal diabetes management.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To determine the frequency of depressive symptoms and their association with diabetes self-care, as well as related demographic and clinical characteristics, among patients with T2DM in the Jouf region.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending diabetes clinics at regional health centers in Jouf, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed validated Arabic versions of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure depressive symptoms and the 16-item Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) to assess self-care behaviors. Demographic, clinical, and metabolic data (BMI, HbA1c, lipid profile) were extracted. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, chi-square tests, and logistic regression using SPSS v25.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The final sample included 283 patients (mean age 56 ± 11 years; 61.5 % female). Clinically significant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) were reported in 39.9 % of participants. DSMQ self-care classification showed 0.7 % with poor, 67.5 % with moderate, and 31.8 % with good self-care. Depression scores were inversely correlated with DSMQ scores (<em>r</em> = −0.469, <em>p</em> < 0.001). Multivariate regression identified family history of diabetes (OR = 6.24; <em>p</em> < 0.001), lower DSMQ scores (OR = 0.52; p < 0.001), and combination therapy with OHAs plus insulin (OR = 0.39; <em>p</em> = 0.007) as significant predictors of depressive symptoms. Elevated triglycerides were marginally associated (<em>p</em> = 0.051).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Depressive symptoms are common among patients with T2DM and strongly associated with poorer diabetes self-care. Screening, education programs, and integrated care models that combine metabolic and psychological interventions are essential to improve outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100276
Aikaterini Salavoura, Christina Kanaka, Evaggelia Lykopoulou, Despina Lazopoulou
There is reported a case of a 5-month-old boy diagnosed with Type I pseudohypoaldosteronism which is a rare salt-losing disease caused by resistance of the target organs to aldosterone.
Diagnosis was based on clinical presentation with frequent admissions from a young age due recurrent episodes of vomiting and wheezing as well as relevant electrolyte disturbances. It is interesting that during hospitalizations, the baby showed recurrent episodes of wheezing not responding to b-agonists and corticosteroids and depended on daily oxygen supplementation. Molecular investigation of the ENac gene was normal.
The systemic form of type I pseudoaldosteronism involves pulmonary dysfunction in addition to increased levels of aldosterone.
{"title":"A case of primary pseudohypoaldosteronism accompanied by respiratory distress syndrome","authors":"Aikaterini Salavoura, Christina Kanaka, Evaggelia Lykopoulou, Despina Lazopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is reported a case of a 5-month-old boy diagnosed with Type I pseudohypoaldosteronism which is a rare salt-losing disease caused by resistance of the target organs to aldosterone.</div><div>Diagnosis was based on clinical presentation with frequent admissions from a young age due recurrent episodes of vomiting and wheezing as well as relevant electrolyte disturbances. It is interesting that during hospitalizations, the baby showed recurrent episodes of wheezing not responding to b-agonists and corticosteroids and depended on daily oxygen supplementation. Molecular investigation of the ENac gene was normal.</div><div>The systemic form of type I pseudoaldosteronism involves pulmonary dysfunction in addition to increased levels of aldosterone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100279
Olugbemi T. Olaniyan , Olorunsola I. Adeyomoye , Femi Adebayo , Charles O. Adetunji , Gloria Okotie
Carbamide peroxide is a tooth-whitening agent present in home-based products or carefully applied by dental health professionals. It has been shown to cause several adverse reactions however, its effects on the development of reproductive organs and functions have not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to investigate prepubertal exposure of 35 % carbamide peroxide on ovary and uterine development in female Wistar rats. Twenty (20) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 5/group) as follow; group 1 served as control, groups 2, 3 and 4 received 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of 35 % carbamide peroxide respectively. Treatments were orally administered for 21 days. Body, ovary and uterus weights were determined using weighing scale. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol and progesterone were determined using ELISA method. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was assessed using spectrophotometry procedure. Estrous cycle was monitored using microscopic examination of vaginal smear. Histological assessment of the ovary and uterus were done using hematoxylin-eosin stain. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, expressed as Mean ± S.E.M., at p < 0.05. Results showed significant decrease in ovary and uterus weights and estradiol in 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide group compared to control. Malondialdehyde increased significantly while AMH, LH, FSH, progesterone decreased significantly in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide compared to control. There was significant decrease in frequencies of proestrous and estrous phases in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide compared to their pre-exposure values. The ovary showed decrease in primordial follicles while the uterus showed uterine perforations in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg compared to control. Oral administration of carbamide peroxide decreases ovary and uterus weights, luteinizing hormones, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, primordial follicles, proestrous and estrous phases of estrous cycle. These indicate that 35 % carbamide peroxide induce toxicity and decrease the potentials of the reproductive organs for fertilization.
{"title":"Reproductive effects of prepubertal exposure to 35 % carbamide peroxide in female Wistar rats","authors":"Olugbemi T. Olaniyan , Olorunsola I. Adeyomoye , Femi Adebayo , Charles O. Adetunji , Gloria Okotie","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbamide peroxide is a tooth-whitening agent present in home-based products or carefully applied by dental health professionals. It has been shown to cause several adverse reactions however, its effects on the development of reproductive organs and functions have not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to investigate prepubertal exposure of 35 % carbamide peroxide on ovary and uterine development in female Wistar rats. Twenty (20) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (<em>n</em> = 5/group) as follow; group 1 served as control, groups 2, 3 and 4 received 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of 35 % carbamide peroxide respectively. Treatments were orally administered for 21 days. Body, ovary and uterus weights were determined using weighing scale. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol and progesterone were determined using ELISA method. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was assessed using spectrophotometry procedure. Estrous cycle was monitored using microscopic examination of vaginal smear. Histological assessment of the ovary and uterus were done using hematoxylin-eosin stain. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, expressed as Mean ± S.E.M., at <em>p</em> < 0.05. Results showed significant decrease in ovary and uterus weights and estradiol in 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide group compared to control. Malondialdehyde increased significantly while AMH, LH, FSH, progesterone decreased significantly in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide compared to control. There was significant decrease in frequencies of proestrous and estrous phases in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide compared to their pre-exposure values. The ovary showed decrease in primordial follicles while the uterus showed uterine perforations in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg compared to control. Oral administration of carbamide peroxide decreases ovary and uterus weights, luteinizing hormones, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, primordial follicles, proestrous and estrous phases of estrous cycle. These indicate that 35 % carbamide peroxide induce toxicity and decrease the potentials of the reproductive organs for fertilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurological disorders are associated with decreased blood supply to the brain, neuronal damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. While treatments are limited, soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors can be useful in alleviating neurological disorders via increasing or maintaining the levels of epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), which modulate multiple biological pathways to dilate blood vessels, protect neurones, alleviate inflammation, and reduce oxidative stress. Enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), with dual function, is found in multiple tissues, including the brain. It is extensively expressed in neurones, astrocytes, and CNS vasculature in the cortex and hippocampus, suggesting its significant role in neurological functions. It is a key factor in the metabolism of EpFAs, namely epoxyeicodatrienoic acids (EETs), the byproducts of arachidonic acid mediated by the P450 pathway, which are transformed into their respective diols, known as dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), which are proinflammatory agents and are less potent compared to EETs. EETs suppress the generation of pro-inflammatory signalling molecules and other inflammatory mediators, aiding in the resolution of inflammation. Inhibiting sEH elevates the concentration of EETs and other structurally similar EpFAs while reducing the release of nitric oxide metabolites and pro-inflammatory cytokines. EETs act as potential endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs), which promote vascular health through the hyperpolarization and relaxing of the vascular smooth muscle cells. The vasodilatory effect of EETs improves blood flow to the brain and other tissues, which support neuronal health and function. The elevated levels of EETs provide cytoprotection to brain cells, potentially slowing the progression of neurodegeneration. Modulating EETs by inhibiting sEH presents an emerging therapy for addressing neurological diseases. Ultimately, this review explores the influence of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in preventing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
{"title":"Insights into the potential role of sEH inhibition in the prevention and progression of neurological disorders","authors":"Mamatha Gavisiddaiah , Sumanta Kumar Goswami , Manali Somanna , Bruce D. Hammock , Kenganora Mruthunjaya , Abigail Fielding , Dithu Thekkekkara , Santhepete Nanjundaiah Manjula","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurological disorders are associated with decreased blood supply to the brain, neuronal damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. While treatments are limited, soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors can be useful in alleviating neurological disorders via increasing or maintaining the levels of epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), which modulate multiple biological pathways to dilate blood vessels, protect neurones, alleviate inflammation, and reduce oxidative stress. Enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), with dual function, is found in multiple tissues, including the brain. It is extensively expressed in neurones, astrocytes, and CNS vasculature in the cortex and hippocampus, suggesting its significant role in neurological functions. It is a key factor in the metabolism of EpFAs, namely epoxyeicodatrienoic acids (EETs), the byproducts of arachidonic acid mediated by the P450 pathway, which are transformed into their respective diols, known as dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), which are proinflammatory agents and are less potent compared to EETs. EETs suppress the generation of pro-inflammatory signalling molecules and other inflammatory mediators, aiding in the resolution of inflammation. Inhibiting sEH elevates the concentration of EETs and other structurally similar EpFAs while reducing the release of nitric oxide metabolites and pro-inflammatory cytokines. EETs act as potential endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs), which promote vascular health through the hyperpolarization and relaxing of the vascular smooth muscle cells. The vasodilatory effect of EETs improves blood flow to the brain and other tissues, which support neuronal health and function. The elevated levels of EETs provide cytoprotection to brain cells, potentially slowing the progression of neurodegeneration. Modulating EETs by inhibiting sEH presents an emerging therapy for addressing neurological diseases. Ultimately, this review explores the influence of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in preventing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100275
Dinara S. Kulzhanova , Ainur Amanzholkyzy , Sholpan Kosmuratova , Arailym K. Altymova , Wassim Y. Almawi
Vitamin D has a significant influence on neuroendocrine regulation by modulating cortisol levels through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis mechanisms. This review explores the biological mechanisms connecting vitamin D to cortisol regulation and its clinical implications beyond bone health. Vitamin D receptors are widely distributed in stress-responsive brain regions, and evidence suggests that vitamin D signaling regulates cortisol through both genomic and non-genomic pathways. Clinical findings are mixed; some studies suggest cortisol levels decrease after vitamin D supplementation in cases of obesity, depression, or inflammation, while others show minimal effects in healthy populations. This relationship varies with age and gender. Variability in study results stems from differences in research design, baseline vitamin D levels, cortisol measurement methods, and genetic polymorphisms that affect metabolism. Despite this, vitamin D acts as a modulator of the stress response, especially benefiting vulnerable groups. Future research should implement standardized protocols that consider circadian rhythms and population differences.
{"title":"Vitamin D regulation of cortisol through the HPA axis: A focused review","authors":"Dinara S. Kulzhanova , Ainur Amanzholkyzy , Sholpan Kosmuratova , Arailym K. Altymova , Wassim Y. Almawi","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D has a significant influence on neuroendocrine regulation by modulating cortisol levels through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis mechanisms. This review explores the biological mechanisms connecting vitamin D to cortisol regulation and its clinical implications beyond bone health. Vitamin D receptors are widely distributed in stress-responsive brain regions, and evidence suggests that vitamin D signaling regulates cortisol through both genomic and non-genomic pathways. Clinical findings are mixed; some studies suggest cortisol levels decrease after vitamin D supplementation in cases of obesity, depression, or inflammation, while others show minimal effects in healthy populations. This relationship varies with age and gender. Variability in study results stems from differences in research design, baseline vitamin D levels, cortisol measurement methods, and genetic polymorphisms that affect metabolism. Despite this, vitamin D acts as a modulator of the stress response, especially benefiting vulnerable groups. Future research should implement standardized protocols that consider circadian rhythms and population differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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