Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100276
Aikaterini Salavoura, Christina Kanaka, Evaggelia Lykopoulou, Despina Lazopoulou
There is reported a case of a 5-month-old boy diagnosed with Type I pseudohypoaldosteronism which is a rare salt-losing disease caused by resistance of the target organs to aldosterone.
Diagnosis was based on clinical presentation with frequent admissions from a young age due recurrent episodes of vomiting and wheezing as well as relevant electrolyte disturbances. It is interesting that during hospitalizations, the baby showed recurrent episodes of wheezing not responding to b-agonists and corticosteroids and depended on daily oxygen supplementation. Molecular investigation of the ENac gene was normal.
The systemic form of type I pseudoaldosteronism involves pulmonary dysfunction in addition to increased levels of aldosterone.
{"title":"A case of primary pseudohypoaldosteronism accompanied by respiratory distress syndrome","authors":"Aikaterini Salavoura, Christina Kanaka, Evaggelia Lykopoulou, Despina Lazopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is reported a case of a 5-month-old boy diagnosed with Type I pseudohypoaldosteronism which is a rare salt-losing disease caused by resistance of the target organs to aldosterone.</div><div>Diagnosis was based on clinical presentation with frequent admissions from a young age due recurrent episodes of vomiting and wheezing as well as relevant electrolyte disturbances. It is interesting that during hospitalizations, the baby showed recurrent episodes of wheezing not responding to b-agonists and corticosteroids and depended on daily oxygen supplementation. Molecular investigation of the ENac gene was normal.</div><div>The systemic form of type I pseudoaldosteronism involves pulmonary dysfunction in addition to increased levels of aldosterone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100279
Olugbemi T. Olaniyan , Olorunsola I. Adeyomoye , Femi Adebayo , Charles O. Adetunji , Gloria Okotie
Carbamide peroxide is a tooth-whitening agent present in home-based products or carefully applied by dental health professionals. It has been shown to cause several adverse reactions however, its effects on the development of reproductive organs and functions have not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to investigate prepubertal exposure of 35 % carbamide peroxide on ovary and uterine development in female Wistar rats. Twenty (20) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 5/group) as follow; group 1 served as control, groups 2, 3 and 4 received 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of 35 % carbamide peroxide respectively. Treatments were orally administered for 21 days. Body, ovary and uterus weights were determined using weighing scale. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol and progesterone were determined using ELISA method. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was assessed using spectrophotometry procedure. Estrous cycle was monitored using microscopic examination of vaginal smear. Histological assessment of the ovary and uterus were done using hematoxylin-eosin stain. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, expressed as Mean ± S.E.M., at p < 0.05. Results showed significant decrease in ovary and uterus weights and estradiol in 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide group compared to control. Malondialdehyde increased significantly while AMH, LH, FSH, progesterone decreased significantly in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide compared to control. There was significant decrease in frequencies of proestrous and estrous phases in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide compared to their pre-exposure values. The ovary showed decrease in primordial follicles while the uterus showed uterine perforations in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg compared to control. Oral administration of carbamide peroxide decreases ovary and uterus weights, luteinizing hormones, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, primordial follicles, proestrous and estrous phases of estrous cycle. These indicate that 35 % carbamide peroxide induce toxicity and decrease the potentials of the reproductive organs for fertilization.
{"title":"Reproductive effects of prepubertal exposure to 35 % carbamide peroxide in female Wistar rats","authors":"Olugbemi T. Olaniyan , Olorunsola I. Adeyomoye , Femi Adebayo , Charles O. Adetunji , Gloria Okotie","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbamide peroxide is a tooth-whitening agent present in home-based products or carefully applied by dental health professionals. It has been shown to cause several adverse reactions however, its effects on the development of reproductive organs and functions have not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to investigate prepubertal exposure of 35 % carbamide peroxide on ovary and uterine development in female Wistar rats. Twenty (20) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (<em>n</em> = 5/group) as follow; group 1 served as control, groups 2, 3 and 4 received 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of 35 % carbamide peroxide respectively. Treatments were orally administered for 21 days. Body, ovary and uterus weights were determined using weighing scale. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol and progesterone were determined using ELISA method. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was assessed using spectrophotometry procedure. Estrous cycle was monitored using microscopic examination of vaginal smear. Histological assessment of the ovary and uterus were done using hematoxylin-eosin stain. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, expressed as Mean ± S.E.M., at <em>p</em> < 0.05. Results showed significant decrease in ovary and uterus weights and estradiol in 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide group compared to control. Malondialdehyde increased significantly while AMH, LH, FSH, progesterone decreased significantly in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide compared to control. There was significant decrease in frequencies of proestrous and estrous phases in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg carbamide peroxide compared to their pre-exposure values. The ovary showed decrease in primordial follicles while the uterus showed uterine perforations in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg compared to control. Oral administration of carbamide peroxide decreases ovary and uterus weights, luteinizing hormones, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, primordial follicles, proestrous and estrous phases of estrous cycle. These indicate that 35 % carbamide peroxide induce toxicity and decrease the potentials of the reproductive organs for fertilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurological disorders are associated with decreased blood supply to the brain, neuronal damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. While treatments are limited, soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors can be useful in alleviating neurological disorders via increasing or maintaining the levels of epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), which modulate multiple biological pathways to dilate blood vessels, protect neurones, alleviate inflammation, and reduce oxidative stress. Enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), with dual function, is found in multiple tissues, including the brain. It is extensively expressed in neurones, astrocytes, and CNS vasculature in the cortex and hippocampus, suggesting its significant role in neurological functions. It is a key factor in the metabolism of EpFAs, namely epoxyeicodatrienoic acids (EETs), the byproducts of arachidonic acid mediated by the P450 pathway, which are transformed into their respective diols, known as dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), which are proinflammatory agents and are less potent compared to EETs. EETs suppress the generation of pro-inflammatory signalling molecules and other inflammatory mediators, aiding in the resolution of inflammation. Inhibiting sEH elevates the concentration of EETs and other structurally similar EpFAs while reducing the release of nitric oxide metabolites and pro-inflammatory cytokines. EETs act as potential endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs), which promote vascular health through the hyperpolarization and relaxing of the vascular smooth muscle cells. The vasodilatory effect of EETs improves blood flow to the brain and other tissues, which support neuronal health and function. The elevated levels of EETs provide cytoprotection to brain cells, potentially slowing the progression of neurodegeneration. Modulating EETs by inhibiting sEH presents an emerging therapy for addressing neurological diseases. Ultimately, this review explores the influence of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in preventing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
{"title":"Insights into the potential role of sEH inhibition in the prevention and progression of neurological disorders","authors":"Mamatha Gavisiddaiah , Sumanta Kumar Goswami , Manali Somanna , Bruce D. Hammock , Kenganora Mruthunjaya , Abigail Fielding , Dithu Thekkekkara , Santhepete Nanjundaiah Manjula","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurological disorders are associated with decreased blood supply to the brain, neuronal damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. While treatments are limited, soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors can be useful in alleviating neurological disorders via increasing or maintaining the levels of epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), which modulate multiple biological pathways to dilate blood vessels, protect neurones, alleviate inflammation, and reduce oxidative stress. Enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), with dual function, is found in multiple tissues, including the brain. It is extensively expressed in neurones, astrocytes, and CNS vasculature in the cortex and hippocampus, suggesting its significant role in neurological functions. It is a key factor in the metabolism of EpFAs, namely epoxyeicodatrienoic acids (EETs), the byproducts of arachidonic acid mediated by the P450 pathway, which are transformed into their respective diols, known as dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), which are proinflammatory agents and are less potent compared to EETs. EETs suppress the generation of pro-inflammatory signalling molecules and other inflammatory mediators, aiding in the resolution of inflammation. Inhibiting sEH elevates the concentration of EETs and other structurally similar EpFAs while reducing the release of nitric oxide metabolites and pro-inflammatory cytokines. EETs act as potential endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs), which promote vascular health through the hyperpolarization and relaxing of the vascular smooth muscle cells. The vasodilatory effect of EETs improves blood flow to the brain and other tissues, which support neuronal health and function. The elevated levels of EETs provide cytoprotection to brain cells, potentially slowing the progression of neurodegeneration. Modulating EETs by inhibiting sEH presents an emerging therapy for addressing neurological diseases. Ultimately, this review explores the influence of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in preventing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100275
Dinara S. Kulzhanova , Ainur Amanzholkyzy , Sholpan Kosmuratova , Arailym K. Altymova , Wassim Y. Almawi
Vitamin D has a significant influence on neuroendocrine regulation by modulating cortisol levels through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis mechanisms. This review explores the biological mechanisms connecting vitamin D to cortisol regulation and its clinical implications beyond bone health. Vitamin D receptors are widely distributed in stress-responsive brain regions, and evidence suggests that vitamin D signaling regulates cortisol through both genomic and non-genomic pathways. Clinical findings are mixed; some studies suggest cortisol levels decrease after vitamin D supplementation in cases of obesity, depression, or inflammation, while others show minimal effects in healthy populations. This relationship varies with age and gender. Variability in study results stems from differences in research design, baseline vitamin D levels, cortisol measurement methods, and genetic polymorphisms that affect metabolism. Despite this, vitamin D acts as a modulator of the stress response, especially benefiting vulnerable groups. Future research should implement standardized protocols that consider circadian rhythms and population differences.
{"title":"Vitamin D regulation of cortisol through the HPA axis: A focused review","authors":"Dinara S. Kulzhanova , Ainur Amanzholkyzy , Sholpan Kosmuratova , Arailym K. Altymova , Wassim Y. Almawi","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D has a significant influence on neuroendocrine regulation by modulating cortisol levels through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis mechanisms. This review explores the biological mechanisms connecting vitamin D to cortisol regulation and its clinical implications beyond bone health. Vitamin D receptors are widely distributed in stress-responsive brain regions, and evidence suggests that vitamin D signaling regulates cortisol through both genomic and non-genomic pathways. Clinical findings are mixed; some studies suggest cortisol levels decrease after vitamin D supplementation in cases of obesity, depression, or inflammation, while others show minimal effects in healthy populations. This relationship varies with age and gender. Variability in study results stems from differences in research design, baseline vitamin D levels, cortisol measurement methods, and genetic polymorphisms that affect metabolism. Despite this, vitamin D acts as a modulator of the stress response, especially benefiting vulnerable groups. Future research should implement standardized protocols that consider circadian rhythms and population differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100274
Rajalakshmi A S , Anarghya Ananda Murthy , Sree Lakshmi K
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a significant contributor to perinatal illness and death, arising from a variety of complex and multifactorial causes. Increasing evidence suggests that maternal thrombophilia, particularly deficiencies in natural anticoagulants such as Protein C, Protein S, and Antithrombin III, is a key factor in placental dysfunction and impaired fetal growth. These effects are thought to occur via placental thrombosis, impaired spiral artery remodelling, and reduced placental perfusion, which can compromise fetal growth. This systematic review, covering studies published between 1963 and 2025 and compiles and evaluates existing research on the association between thrombophilic conditions and IUGR. Although several studies have reported an increased prevalence of thrombophilia markers in pregnancies affected by IUGR, the overall evidence is inconclusive. Variability in study design, patient populations, and diagnostic definitions of both thrombophilia and IUGR contributes to conflicting findings and hinders firm conclusions regarding their role in diagnosis or intervention. Additionally, the review explores the role of anticoagulant therapies, including low molecular weight heparin, in enhancing pregnancy outcomes for women with these conditions. However, the evidence is limited by small study sizes, design constraints, and regional biases, underscoring the necessity for larger, multicenter investigations. Current findings highlight the importance of further research into the contribution of thrombophilia in IUGR. While thrombophilia screening may hold potential for risk stratification in selected high-risk populations, current evidence does not support universal screening in routine prenatal care. Larger, multicentred studies are needed before screening strategies can be formally recommended.
{"title":"Maternal thrombophilia and intrauterine growth restriction: A review of current evidence and clinical implications","authors":"Rajalakshmi A S , Anarghya Ananda Murthy , Sree Lakshmi K","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a significant contributor to perinatal illness and death, arising from a variety of complex and multifactorial causes. Increasing evidence suggests that maternal thrombophilia, particularly deficiencies in natural anticoagulants such as Protein C, Protein S, and Antithrombin III, is a key factor in placental dysfunction and impaired fetal growth. These effects are thought to occur via placental thrombosis, impaired spiral artery remodelling, and reduced placental perfusion, which can compromise fetal growth. This systematic review, covering studies published between 1963 and 2025 and compiles and evaluates existing research on the association between thrombophilic conditions and IUGR. Although several studies have reported an increased prevalence of thrombophilia markers in pregnancies affected by IUGR, the overall evidence is inconclusive. Variability in study design, patient populations, and diagnostic definitions of both thrombophilia and IUGR contributes to conflicting findings and hinders firm conclusions regarding their role in diagnosis or intervention. Additionally, the review explores the role of anticoagulant therapies, including low molecular weight heparin, in enhancing pregnancy outcomes for women with these conditions. However, the evidence is limited by small study sizes, design constraints, and regional biases, underscoring the necessity for larger, multicenter investigations. Current findings highlight the importance of further research into the contribution of thrombophilia in IUGR. While thrombophilia screening may hold potential for risk stratification in selected high-risk populations, current evidence does not support universal screening in routine prenatal care. Larger, multicentred studies are needed before screening strategies can be formally recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100273
Hang Thi Thu Ho , Thuan Hoa Nguyen , Ha Hong Nguyen , Sam Phan Hai Nguyen , Kien Trung Nguyen
Background
Women of advanced maternal age are considered a high-risk obstetric population. Increases in serum uric acid levels, body mass index, and blood pressure have been associated with a higher likelihood of developing proteinuria. However, data on the predictive value of these factors for proteinuria progression specifically in this population remain limited.
Objectives
To determine the optimal cutoff values of serum uric acid, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in predicting the progression of proteinuria in pregnant women of advanced maternal age.
Materials and methods
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with longitudinal follow-up conducted among pregnant women who attended the Obstetrics Department of Vinh Long General Hospital from November 2022 to October 2023. Advanced maternal age was defined as maternal age of 35 years or older. Proteinuria was considered elevated when the 24-h urinary protein level reached ≥300 mg after the 20th week of gestation.
Results
A total of 100 pregnant women were enrolled, with a mean age of 38.6 ± 4.7 years. The proportions of active smoking and alcohol consumption were 18.0 % and 20.0 %, respectively. Overweight and obesity (OR = 6.06; 95 % CI: 1.97–18.59), smoking (OR = 3.89; 95 % CI: 1.30–11.59), and alcohol use (OR = 3.14; 95 % CI: 1.08–9.11) were significantly associated with the development of proteinuria. A pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) cut-off of 22.5 kg/m2 showed the highest predictive value for proteinuria progression, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89 (95 % CI: 0.81–0.98), sensitivity of 86.2 %, and specificity of 92.3 %. Serum uric acid (AUC = 0.88), systolic blood pressure (AUC = 0.81), and diastolic blood pressure (AUC = 0.80) also demonstrated strong predictive performance.
Conclusion
Overweight/obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were identified as risk factors for increased proteinuria. In addition, pre-pregnancy BMI, serum uric acid levels, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure all demonstrated strong predictive value for proteinuria progression in pregnant women of advanced maternal age.
{"title":"Clinical significance of uric acid, blood pressure anticipating proteinuria worsening in pregnant women of advanced age","authors":"Hang Thi Thu Ho , Thuan Hoa Nguyen , Ha Hong Nguyen , Sam Phan Hai Nguyen , Kien Trung Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Women of advanced maternal age are considered a high-risk obstetric population. Increases in serum uric acid levels, body mass index, and blood pressure have been associated with a higher likelihood of developing proteinuria. However, data on the predictive value of these factors for proteinuria progression specifically in this population remain limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the optimal cutoff values of serum uric acid, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in predicting the progression of proteinuria in pregnant women of advanced maternal age.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with longitudinal follow-up conducted among pregnant women who attended the Obstetrics Department of Vinh Long General Hospital from November 2022 to October 2023. Advanced maternal age was defined as maternal age of 35 years or older. Proteinuria was considered elevated when the 24-h urinary protein level reached ≥300 mg after the 20th week of gestation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 100 pregnant women were enrolled, with a mean age of 38.6 ± 4.7 years. The proportions of active smoking and alcohol consumption were 18.0 % and 20.0 %, respectively. Overweight and obesity (OR = 6.06; 95 % CI: 1.97–18.59), smoking (OR = 3.89; 95 % CI: 1.30–11.59), and alcohol use (OR = 3.14; 95 % CI: 1.08–9.11) were significantly associated with the development of proteinuria. A pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) cut-off of 22.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup> showed the highest predictive value for proteinuria progression, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89 (95 % CI: 0.81–0.98), sensitivity of 86.2 %, and specificity of 92.3 %. Serum uric acid (AUC = 0.88), systolic blood pressure (AUC = 0.81), and diastolic blood pressure (AUC = 0.80) also demonstrated strong predictive performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overweight/obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were identified as risk factors for increased proteinuria. In addition, pre-pregnancy BMI, serum uric acid levels, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure all demonstrated strong predictive value for proteinuria progression in pregnant women of advanced maternal age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyslipidemia is associated with several health complications that put a heavy burden on the healthcare system and society due to its adverse outcomes. Abnormal lipid profile is known to cause complications in hepatic systems. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of elevated liver enzymes with dyslipidemia and its components in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort study (PGCS) population.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on data from 10,520 participants in PGCS, Guilan province, Iran. The demographic data and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded. Lipid profile of the participants, including total cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL); and liver enzymes levels including alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT, AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16 based on a significant level < 0.05.
Results
Of 10,520 participants, 53.6 % (n = 5633) were female, and 36.6 % were aged 45–54. The mean BMI of the participants was 28.14 kg/m2. The prevalence of alcohol consumption, fatty liver disease, hepatitis, lipid-lowering medication use, and hepatotoxic drug use were 13.3 %, 0.6 %, 0.3 %, 15.1 %, and 16.5 %, respectively. Abnormal levels of Chol, TG, LDL, HDL, ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP were reported in 40.3 %, 43.1 %, 29.0 %,41.5 %, 19.4 %, 4.6 %, 11.6 %, and 5.1 % individuals, respectively. Dyslipidemia significantly increased the likelihood of elevated ALT, AST, and GGT (P < 0.05), but showed no statistically significant association with elevated ALP (P > 0.05). High Chol, TG, and LDL were strongly associated with elevated liver enzymes, particularly ALT and GGT, while low HDL was less impactful.
Conclusion
These results underscore the significant impact of lipid abnormalities on liver function tests, especially for ALT and GGT.
背景：血脂异常与多种健康并发症相关，由于其不良后果，给医疗保健系统和社会带来沉重负担。脂质异常可引起肝系统并发症。本研究的目的是在前瞻性流行病学研究（波斯）桂兰队列研究（PGCS）人群中研究肝酶升高与血脂异常及其组成部分的关系。方法本横断面研究的数据来自伊朗桂兰省PGCS的10,520名参与者。记录参与者的人口学资料和临床特征。参与者的脂质谱，包括总胆固醇（Chol）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）；测定肝酶水平，包括丙氨酸和天冬氨酸转氨酶（ALT、AST）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）。采用SPSS version 16进行统计学分析，基于显著水平<；0.05.结果10520名参与者中，53.6% （n = 5633）为女性，36.6%年龄在45-54岁之间。参与者的平均BMI为28.14 kg/m2。饮酒、脂肪肝、肝炎、使用降脂药物和使用肝毒性药物的患病率分别为13.3%、0.6%、0.3%、15.1%和16.5%。胆固醇、TG、LDL、HDL、ALT、AST、GGT和ALP的异常水平分别为40.3%、43.1%、29.0%、41.5%、19.4%、4.6%、11.6%和5.1%。血脂异常显著增加ALT、AST和GGT升高的可能性(P <；0.05)，但与ALP升高无统计学意义(P >；0.05)。高胆固醇、TG和LDL与肝酶升高密切相关，尤其是ALT和GGT，而低HDL影响较小。结论脂质异常对肝功能检测，尤其是ALT和GGT检测有显著影响。
{"title":"Association between dyslipidemia and elevated liver enzymes: A cross-sectional study from the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study","authors":"Milad Shahdkar , Mahdi Orang Goorabzarmakhi , Mahdi Shafizadeh , Farahnaz Joukar , Saman Maroufizadeh , Niloofar Faraji , Tahereh Zeinali , Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dyslipidemia is associated with several health complications that put a heavy burden on the healthcare system and society due to its adverse outcomes. Abnormal lipid profile is known to cause complications in hepatic systems. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of elevated liver enzymes with dyslipidemia and its components in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort study (PGCS) population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was conducted on data from 10,520 participants in PGCS, Guilan province, Iran. The demographic data and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded. Lipid profile of the participants, including total cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL); and liver enzymes levels including alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT, AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16 based on a significant level < 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 10,520 participants, 53.6 % (<em>n</em> = 5633) were female, and 36.6 % were aged 45–54. The mean BMI of the participants was 28.14 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. The prevalence of alcohol consumption, fatty liver disease, hepatitis, lipid-lowering medication use, and hepatotoxic drug use were 13.3 %, 0.6 %, 0.3 %, 15.1 %, and 16.5 %, respectively. Abnormal levels of Chol, TG, LDL, HDL, ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP were reported in 40.3 %, 43.1 %, 29.0 %,41.5 %, 19.4 %, 4.6 %, 11.6 %, and 5.1 % individuals, respectively. Dyslipidemia significantly increased the likelihood of elevated ALT, AST, and GGT (<em>P</em> < 0.05), but showed no statistically significant association with elevated ALP (<em>P</em> > 0.05). High Chol, TG, and LDL were strongly associated with elevated liver enzymes, particularly ALT and GGT, while low HDL was less impactful.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results underscore the significant impact of lipid abnormalities on liver function tests, especially for ALT and GGT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid disorders and their associated risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 223 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of thyroid disorders. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and risk factors associated with thyroid disorders were evaluated by comparing diabetic patients with and without thyroid dysfunction. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, with the level of significance set at P < 0.05.
Results
The mean age of patients was 54.24 ± 9.73 years, and 72.6 % (n = 162) were female. The prevalence of thyroid disorders among patients with T2DM was 61.9 %, with hypothyroidism being the most common (45.7 %). Cardiovascular disease was the most frequent diabetes-related complication (43.9 %), while nephropathy had the lowest prevalence (40.8 %). Neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease were significantly more frequent in patients with thyroid disorders compared to those without (P < 0.05). A family history of thyroid disease was present in 40.4 % of patients, and 17.0 % were positive for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Thyroid disorders were more prevalent in females (67.9 %) compared to males (45.9 %) (P = 0.003). Female gender and a positive family history were significant risk factors for developing thyroid disorders (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that female gender and a positive family history of thyroid disease are significant predictors of thyroid dysfunction in patients with T2DM. These findings underscore the need for routine screening for thyroid disorders in this patient population.
{"title":"The status of thyroid disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Guilan province, Iran","authors":"Maryam Yaseri , Haniyeh Sadat Fayazi , Fatemeh Mahdi , Faezeh Motevali , Seyedeh Sahereh Mortazavi Khatibani","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid disorders and their associated risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was conducted among 223 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of thyroid disorders. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and risk factors associated with thyroid disorders were evaluated by comparing diabetic patients with and without thyroid dysfunction. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, with the level of significance set at <em>P</em> < 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of patients was 54.24 ± 9.73 years, and 72.6 % (<em>n</em> = 162) were female. The prevalence of thyroid disorders among patients with T2DM was 61.9 %, with hypothyroidism being the most common (45.7 %). Cardiovascular disease was the most frequent diabetes-related complication (43.9 %), while nephropathy had the lowest prevalence (40.8 %). Neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease were significantly more frequent in patients with thyroid disorders compared to those without (<em>P</em> < 0.05). A family history of thyroid disease was present in 40.4 % of patients, and 17.0 % were positive for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Thyroid disorders were more prevalent in females (67.9 %) compared to males (45.9 %) (<em>P</em> = 0.003). Female gender and a positive family history were significant risk factors for developing thyroid disorders (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated that female gender and a positive family history of thyroid disease are significant predictors of thyroid dysfunction in patients with T2DM. These findings underscore the need for routine screening for thyroid disorders in this patient population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of peripheral vascular disorders and associated factors among diabetic patients on follow-up at Ras Desta Damtew Memorial Hospital, Ethiopia.
Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 275 randomly selected Diabetes Mellitus patients attending follow-up at Ras Desta Damtew Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from July to August 2024. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, ankle-brachial index, and Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire, IPAQ-SF. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between dependent and independent variables. Adjusted odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were reported, and statistical significance was considered at p ≤ 0.05.
Results
The study found that 12 % (95 % CI: 8.15 %–15.85 %) of diabetic patients developed peripheral vascular disorders. Significant associations were found with smoking (AOR: 5.59; 3.42–8.63), alcohol use (AOR: 4.09; 2.56–7.74), hypertension (AOR: 3.55; 1.69–6.25), and physical inactivity (AOR: 3.80; 1.56–9.47).
Conclusions
Over one in ten diabetic patients developed peripheral vascular disease. Key associated factors include smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, and physical inactivity. Interventions targeting these risk factors are necessary to reduce related complications in diabetic patients.
目的本研究旨在评估在埃塞俄比亚Ras Desta Damtew纪念医院随访的糖尿病患者外周血管疾病的患病率及相关因素。方法对2024年7月至8月在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴Ras Desta Damtew纪念医院随访的275例糖尿病患者进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用结构化问卷、踝臂指数和爱丁堡跛行问卷（IPAQ-SF）收集数据。数据输入Epi-data 4.6版本，导出到SPSS 25版本进行分析。进行双变量和多变量二元逻辑回归分析，以确定因变量和自变量之间的关联。校正优势比为95%置信区间，p≤0.05认为有统计学意义。结果研究发现，12% （95% CI: 8.15% - 15.85%）的糖尿病患者发生周围血管病变。与吸烟有显著相关性(AOR: 5.59；3.42-8.63)，酒精使用(AOR: 4.09；2.56-7.74)，高血压(AOR: 3.55；1.69-6.25)，缺乏身体活动(AOR: 3.80；1.56 - -9.47)。结论1 / 10以上的糖尿病患者发生周围血管病变。主要的相关因素包括吸烟、饮酒、高血压和缺乏身体活动。针对这些危险因素的干预措施对于减少糖尿病患者的相关并发症是必要的。
{"title":"Peripheral vascular disease and its associated factors among diabetic patients on follow-up at Ras Desta Damtew Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Zerihun Chala Deme , Getchew Fekadu Feda , Dereje Tsegaye , Agumasie Semahegn","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of peripheral vascular disorders and associated factors among diabetic patients on follow-up at Ras Desta Damtew Memorial Hospital, Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 275 randomly selected Diabetes Mellitus patients attending follow-up at Ras Desta Damtew Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from July to August 2024. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, ankle-brachial index, and Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire, IPAQ-SF. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between dependent and independent variables. Adjusted odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were reported, and statistical significance was considered at <em>p</em> ≤ 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that 12 % (95 % CI: 8.15 %–15.85 %) of diabetic patients developed peripheral vascular disorders. Significant associations were found with smoking (AOR: 5.59; 3.42–8.63), alcohol use (AOR: 4.09; 2.56–7.74), hypertension (AOR: 3.55; 1.69–6.25), and physical inactivity (AOR: 3.80; 1.56–9.47).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Over one in ten diabetic patients developed peripheral vascular disease. Key associated factors include smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, and physical inactivity. Interventions targeting these risk factors are necessary to reduce related complications in diabetic patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100270
Ashok Kumar Gupta , Saba Faruqui , Ambika Nand Jha
Objective
To evaluate the relationship between periostin in postmenopausal hypothyroid women.
Methodology
A prospective case-control study was conducted at Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS) Hospital, Agamkuan, Patna, India. The study includes 38 postmenopausal hypothyroid women as case and 38 healthy women as control. Demographic details and anthropometric measurements were included. Biochemical parameters like triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), calcitonin, calcium, phosphorous, creatinine and albumin were determined. Serum periostin level was measured in case as well as in control subjects. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used to perform statistical analysis.
Results
Significant differences were noted in hip circumference (HC), waist hip ratio (WHR), white blood cells (WBC), T3, TSH, creatinine, calcium, phosphorous, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and periostin levels between hypothyroid and euthyroid patients. Euthyroid patients had lower TSH and higher T3 levels, while periostin was higher in hypothyroid subjects. Correlation analysis showed periostin shows positive correlation with height and WBC, and negative correlation with T3, T4, and creatinine. Whereas, TSH shows positive correlation with creatinine in hypothyroid cases and shows negative correlation with weight and body mass index (BMI).
Conclusion
Hypothyroid patients observed with higher serum periostin levels in comparison to euthyroid individuals. Further research on periostin in large population is required in hypothyroid cases along with bone mineral density (BMD) to be explored as a possible biomarker.
{"title":"Assessment of periostin in postmenopausal thyroid patients: A prospective case-control study","authors":"Ashok Kumar Gupta , Saba Faruqui , Ambika Nand Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the relationship between periostin in postmenopausal hypothyroid women.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A prospective case-control study was conducted at Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS) Hospital, Agamkuan, Patna, India. The study includes 38 postmenopausal hypothyroid women as case and 38 healthy women as control. Demographic details and anthropometric measurements were included. Biochemical parameters like triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), calcitonin, calcium, phosphorous, creatinine and albumin were determined. Serum periostin level was measured in case as well as in control subjects. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used to perform statistical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences were noted in hip circumference (HC), waist hip ratio (WHR), white blood cells (WBC), T3, TSH, creatinine, calcium, phosphorous, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and periostin levels between hypothyroid and euthyroid patients. Euthyroid patients had lower TSH and higher T3 levels, while periostin was higher in hypothyroid subjects. Correlation analysis showed periostin shows positive correlation with height and WBC, and negative correlation with T3, T4, and creatinine. Whereas, TSH shows positive correlation with creatinine in hypothyroid cases and shows negative correlation with weight and body mass index (BMI).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Hypothyroid patients observed with higher serum periostin levels in comparison to euthyroid individuals. Further research on periostin in large population is required in hypothyroid cases along with bone mineral density (BMD) to be explored as a possible biomarker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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