Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_33_22
S. Alqahtani
Gingival hyper-pigmentation becomes more obvious when it is associated with excessive gingival display. The treatment of excessive gingival display and depigmentation collectively are the key to patient satisfaction. The objective of the present article was to evaluate 6 months' result of surgical protocol that integrated surgical depigmentation, gingivectomy, and an apically positioned flap with osseous resective surgery to correct hyper-pigmentation and excessive gingival display in maxillary anterior teeth among different patients. The author has discussed in detail the selection of surgical techniques in different clinical conditions to achieve pleasant and long-term results. The selected techniques for depigmentation and crown lengthening resulted in excellent color and contour of the gingiva at the 6-month follow-up.
{"title":"Enhanced anterior esthetic using crown lengthening and depigmentation at single visit: Report of two cases and review of literature","authors":"S. Alqahtani","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_33_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_33_22","url":null,"abstract":"Gingival hyper-pigmentation becomes more obvious when it is associated with excessive gingival display. The treatment of excessive gingival display and depigmentation collectively are the key to patient satisfaction. The objective of the present article was to evaluate 6 months' result of surgical protocol that integrated surgical depigmentation, gingivectomy, and an apically positioned flap with osseous resective surgery to correct hyper-pigmentation and excessive gingival display in maxillary anterior teeth among different patients. The author has discussed in detail the selection of surgical techniques in different clinical conditions to achieve pleasant and long-term results. The selected techniques for depigmentation and crown lengthening resulted in excellent color and contour of the gingiva at the 6-month follow-up.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115124533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_30_22
S. Habib, T. Al-khlaiwi
Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of students' income and body mass index (BMI) with the level of depression, anxiety, stress, and academic satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study with distribution of online Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale questionnaire online to medical students in different universities of Saudi Arabia. In addition, they filled out a predesigned pro forma that contained sociodemographic characteristics and satisfaction status regarding lectures, practical, staff, and examinations. A total of 351 participants completed the study. Students were asked about various academic issues and assessed by a three-point Likert scale (satisfied, undecided, and unsatisfied). Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in students with a father's monthly income of <3000 US Dollars was 72.4% (n = 79), 83.4% (n = 91), and 63.3% (n = 69), respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in students with a father's monthly income between 3000-5000 US Dollars was 71.5% (n = 73), 74.5% (n = 76), and 48.0% (n = 49) respectively. As for the students with a father's monthly income >5000 US Dollars had a prevalence of 62.1% (n = 87), 71.4% (n = 100), and 48.5% (n = 68) for depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Hence, it was noted that the prevalence was higher in students with a father's monthly income <3000 US Dollars in all categories (depression P = 0.056 which was marginal, anxiety P = 0.009, and stress P = 0.050).. 46.8% (n = 51) of students with a father's monthly income <3000 US Dollars, 32.4% (n = 33) of students with a father's monthly income between 3000 and 5000 US Dollars, and 30.7% (n = 43) of students with a father's monthly income >5000 showed an extremely severe anxiety score. It showed that the moderate degree of depression with mean total depression score of students with a father's monthly income <3000 was 17.7 ± 11.7. It showed a severe degree of anxiety with a mean total anxiety score of 18.4 ± 11.4, and a moderate degree of stress with a mean total stress score of 19.1 ± 10.4. The prevalence of depression 69.3% (n = 172), anxiety 77.4% (n = 192), and stress 54.8% (n = 136) in students with BMI <25 was higher than in students with BMI ≥25 65.0% (n = 67), 72.8% (n = 75), and 48.5% (n = 50) with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.161, P = 0.433, and 0.572), respectively. It showed that 37.5% (n = 93) of students with BMI <25 were extremely severely anxious while students with BMI ≥25 were 33.0% (n = 34). Conclusions: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in medical students with low father monthly income was significantly high. The prevalence of severe anxiety in all groups needs more attention from the medical college's higher authorities.
{"title":"Depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction of medical students in relation to income and body mass index","authors":"S. Habib, T. Al-khlaiwi","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_30_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_30_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of students' income and body mass index (BMI) with the level of depression, anxiety, stress, and academic satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study with distribution of online Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale questionnaire online to medical students in different universities of Saudi Arabia. In addition, they filled out a predesigned pro forma that contained sociodemographic characteristics and satisfaction status regarding lectures, practical, staff, and examinations. A total of 351 participants completed the study. Students were asked about various academic issues and assessed by a three-point Likert scale (satisfied, undecided, and unsatisfied). Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in students with a father's monthly income of <3000 US Dollars was 72.4% (n = 79), 83.4% (n = 91), and 63.3% (n = 69), respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in students with a father's monthly income between 3000-5000 US Dollars was 71.5% (n = 73), 74.5% (n = 76), and 48.0% (n = 49) respectively. As for the students with a father's monthly income >5000 US Dollars had a prevalence of 62.1% (n = 87), 71.4% (n = 100), and 48.5% (n = 68) for depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Hence, it was noted that the prevalence was higher in students with a father's monthly income <3000 US Dollars in all categories (depression P = 0.056 which was marginal, anxiety P = 0.009, and stress P = 0.050).. 46.8% (n = 51) of students with a father's monthly income <3000 US Dollars, 32.4% (n = 33) of students with a father's monthly income between 3000 and 5000 US Dollars, and 30.7% (n = 43) of students with a father's monthly income >5000 showed an extremely severe anxiety score. It showed that the moderate degree of depression with mean total depression score of students with a father's monthly income <3000 was 17.7 ± 11.7. It showed a severe degree of anxiety with a mean total anxiety score of 18.4 ± 11.4, and a moderate degree of stress with a mean total stress score of 19.1 ± 10.4. The prevalence of depression 69.3% (n = 172), anxiety 77.4% (n = 192), and stress 54.8% (n = 136) in students with BMI <25 was higher than in students with BMI ≥25 65.0% (n = 67), 72.8% (n = 75), and 48.5% (n = 50) with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.161, P = 0.433, and 0.572), respectively. It showed that 37.5% (n = 93) of students with BMI <25 were extremely severely anxious while students with BMI ≥25 were 33.0% (n = 34). Conclusions: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in medical students with low father monthly income was significantly high. The prevalence of severe anxiety in all groups needs more attention from the medical college's higher authorities.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"426 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120863107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_24_22
M. Alsaleem, Fahad. Wasili., S. Alsaleem
Background: Identifying the magnitude and the determinants of stress-related disorders will help to improve the work environment besides minimizing its drawback on residents' medical care performance. Aim: This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their associated factors among Ministry of Health (MOH) programs residents. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey targeted all MOH residents from different specialties in Abha city. The questionnaire included resident's sociodemographic information, specialty, duration, seniority, workload, shifts, and number of cared patients per shift. Resident's depression was assessed using Depression Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and anxiety was assessed using the anxiety Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 370 residents were included. Residents' age ranged from 20 to 35 years, with a mean age of 27.6 ± 6.7 years. Nearly 61.1% of residents were males and 58.6% were married. About 66.2% of the residents were normal (no depression), while 15.1% experienced minimal depression, 13% had mild depression, and 4.3% had severe depression. Considering anxiety, 85.9% of the residents showed no/minimal anxiety levels, while 7.8% had mild, 4.9% had moderate, and 1.4% showed severe anxiety levels. Conclusions: The study showed that psychological health, including depression and anxiety, was satisfactory among the study residents, where the majority of them were free of both issues. Further nationwide studies are required to assess additional factors such as work environment and autonomy.
背景:确定压力相关障碍的大小和决定因素将有助于改善工作环境，并最大限度地减少其对住院医师医疗绩效的不利影响。目的:本研究旨在评估卫生部计划居民抑郁、焦虑的患病率及其相关因素。方法:该横断面调查针对Abha市来自不同专业的所有卫生部居民。问卷内容包括住院医师的社会人口学信息、专科、住院时间、年资、工作量、轮班和每班照顾的病人数量。住院医师的抑郁用抑郁症患者健康问卷-9进行评估，焦虑用焦虑广泛性焦虑障碍-7量表进行评估。数据采用SPSS version 21进行分析。结果:共纳入居民370人。居民年龄20 ~ 35岁，平均年龄27.6±6.7岁。近61.1%的居民为男性，58.6%的居民已婚。66.2%为正常(无抑郁)，15.1%为轻度抑郁，13%为轻度抑郁，4.3%为重度抑郁。在焦虑方面，85.9%的居民表现为无焦虑或轻度焦虑，7.8%的居民表现为轻度焦虑，4.9%的居民表现为中度焦虑，1.4%的居民表现为重度焦虑。结论:研究表明，在研究居民中，包括抑郁和焦虑在内的心理健康状况令人满意，其中大多数人没有这两种问题。需要进一步的全国性研究来评估工作环境和自主性等其他因素。
{"title":"Prevalence of depression and anxiety and their associated factors among ministry of health programs residents from different specialties in Abha City, Saudi Arabia","authors":"M. Alsaleem, Fahad. Wasili., S. Alsaleem","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_24_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_24_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Identifying the magnitude and the determinants of stress-related disorders will help to improve the work environment besides minimizing its drawback on residents' medical care performance. Aim: This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their associated factors among Ministry of Health (MOH) programs residents. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey targeted all MOH residents from different specialties in Abha city. The questionnaire included resident's sociodemographic information, specialty, duration, seniority, workload, shifts, and number of cared patients per shift. Resident's depression was assessed using Depression Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and anxiety was assessed using the anxiety Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 370 residents were included. Residents' age ranged from 20 to 35 years, with a mean age of 27.6 ± 6.7 years. Nearly 61.1% of residents were males and 58.6% were married. About 66.2% of the residents were normal (no depression), while 15.1% experienced minimal depression, 13% had mild depression, and 4.3% had severe depression. Considering anxiety, 85.9% of the residents showed no/minimal anxiety levels, while 7.8% had mild, 4.9% had moderate, and 1.4% showed severe anxiety levels. Conclusions: The study showed that psychological health, including depression and anxiety, was satisfactory among the study residents, where the majority of them were free of both issues. Further nationwide studies are required to assess additional factors such as work environment and autonomy.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131541594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_36_22
Y. Alraey, G. Zaman, Sultan Alhefdi, Roaa Asiri, Sarah Alshehri, S. Alasmari, A. Hakami, A. Saeed, A. Dera
Background: It was observed that the severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virus is more transmissible in places that are more clustered and where mosquitoes breed in significant numbers. Therefore, we wanted to study the potential influence of mosquitoes in the COVID-19 transmission in the field settings. Materials and Methods: This research was applied in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire survey was meted out to the quarantined participants diagnosed with the COVID-19 infection. Mosquito traps were located at places with the high rate of human vector contact. A total of 464 female mosquitos were screened for the SARS-CoV-2 S gene utilizing real time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. In addition, blood-fed mosquitoes were tested through sequencing of the cytochrome b gene region to identify the source of blood meals. Results: People having low economic status and places with high population density, such as parks and malls, resulted in the individuals “high risk of being infected with the COVID-19 infection. Most of the collected blood-fed mosquitoes exhibited a high match-sequencing with human. All tested mosquitoes had not manifested any SARS-CoV-2S gene amplification. Conclusion: Our results highlight the association of low economic status of individuals and the individuals” behavior of frequently visiting parks, with an elevated risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection. Moreover, using a field experiment for the first time in Saudi Arabia, our data supported the theory that the SARS-CoV-2 virus cannot be transmitted through mosquitoes, either by blood meal or by mechanical transmission.
{"title":"Screening of field-caught mosquitoes for the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the southwest of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Y. Alraey, G. Zaman, Sultan Alhefdi, Roaa Asiri, Sarah Alshehri, S. Alasmari, A. Hakami, A. Saeed, A. Dera","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_36_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_36_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It was observed that the severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virus is more transmissible in places that are more clustered and where mosquitoes breed in significant numbers. Therefore, we wanted to study the potential influence of mosquitoes in the COVID-19 transmission in the field settings. Materials and Methods: This research was applied in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire survey was meted out to the quarantined participants diagnosed with the COVID-19 infection. Mosquito traps were located at places with the high rate of human vector contact. A total of 464 female mosquitos were screened for the SARS-CoV-2 S gene utilizing real time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. In addition, blood-fed mosquitoes were tested through sequencing of the cytochrome b gene region to identify the source of blood meals. Results: People having low economic status and places with high population density, such as parks and malls, resulted in the individuals “high risk of being infected with the COVID-19 infection. Most of the collected blood-fed mosquitoes exhibited a high match-sequencing with human. All tested mosquitoes had not manifested any SARS-CoV-2S gene amplification. Conclusion: Our results highlight the association of low economic status of individuals and the individuals” behavior of frequently visiting parks, with an elevated risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection. Moreover, using a field experiment for the first time in Saudi Arabia, our data supported the theory that the SARS-CoV-2 virus cannot be transmitted through mosquitoes, either by blood meal or by mechanical transmission.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130808610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_1_22
Abdulrahman Hakami, E. Elmakki
The incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related cirrhosis is globally increasing, especially among communities with sedentary lifestyles. NASH-related liver cirrhosis is an emerging etiology of liver cancer. Given the increasing rates of obesity and the other risk factors of NAFLD/NASH such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, NASH-related liver cancer will remain a challenging disease in the coming decades. Recent reports have shown that NASH also can cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) directly without causing liver cirrhosis, the so-called noncirrhotic liver cancer. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of noncirrhotic HCC caused by NASH is not well understood and needs more future research. In the present time, NASH-related HCC has become one of the leading indications of liver transplantation. However, as the major risk factors of NASH are controllable, NASH-related HCC is a potentially preventable condition.
{"title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-induced hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Abdulrahman Hakami, E. Elmakki","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_1_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_1_22","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related cirrhosis is globally increasing, especially among communities with sedentary lifestyles. NASH-related liver cirrhosis is an emerging etiology of liver cancer. Given the increasing rates of obesity and the other risk factors of NAFLD/NASH such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, NASH-related liver cancer will remain a challenging disease in the coming decades. Recent reports have shown that NASH also can cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) directly without causing liver cirrhosis, the so-called noncirrhotic liver cancer. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of noncirrhotic HCC caused by NASH is not well understood and needs more future research. In the present time, NASH-related HCC has become one of the leading indications of liver transplantation. However, as the major risk factors of NASH are controllable, NASH-related HCC is a potentially preventable condition.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"23 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131143519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_19_22
Loujayne A. Maghrabi, Alanood S. Algarni, Jameel Abuljadayel, Mohsen K. Aljabri, Khalid A Aljohani, H. Abed
Background: Prescribing antibiotics (Abs) as a prophylactic before dental procedures is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) in patients with cardiac diseases to prevent a potentially life-threatening infection of the cardiac valves or endocardium called “infective endocarditis (IE).” Aim: This study aimed to assess the compliance of dentists in Makkah city with the AAPD recommendations of prescribing prophylaxis Abs for special care pediatric patients at risk of having IE. Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study among dentists who are working at the major hospitals in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. Participants' perception regarding the prescription of prophylactic Abs was measured using validated and reliable questions. The reliability analysis was used with a model of alpha (Cronbach) to study the properties of measurement scales and the items that compose the scales and the average inter-item correlation. Results: One hundred and thirty-two dental practitioners were participated. Dental care providers would prescribe Abs with dental extraction (92.4%), periodontal surgery (89.4%), nonsurgical root canal treatment beyond apex (77.3%), supragingival scaling (67.4%), and retraction cord placement (46.2%). On the other hand, dental practitioners would not prescribe Abs for orthodontic appliance (87.9%), intraoral radiograph (87.1%), primary teeth shedding (81.8%), tooth preparation when taking an oral impression (76.5%), local anesthesia infiltration (68.2%), and restoration of Class II caries with matrix and wedge (56.8%). A significantly lower knowledge score was obtained by general dental practitioners when compared with consultant and specialists (P = 0.044). Consultants and specialists recorded significantly lower knowledge on the prescription of prophylaxis Abs for Class II caries with matrix and wedge (P < 0.001) when compared with general dental practitioners. Conclusions: Most dentists followed the AAPD recommendations of prophylactic Abs for children who have a high risk of developing IE. However, Class II dental restorations with matrix and wedge and placement of retraction cord have recorded more invalid responses. General dental practitioners had lower knowledge when compared with consultants and specialists when prescribing Abs for children who have a high risk of developing IE.
{"title":"The compliance of dentists toward prescribing prophylaxis antibiotic for special care patients at risk of having infective endocarditis","authors":"Loujayne A. Maghrabi, Alanood S. Algarni, Jameel Abuljadayel, Mohsen K. Aljabri, Khalid A Aljohani, H. Abed","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_19_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_19_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prescribing antibiotics (Abs) as a prophylactic before dental procedures is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) in patients with cardiac diseases to prevent a potentially life-threatening infection of the cardiac valves or endocardium called “infective endocarditis (IE).” Aim: This study aimed to assess the compliance of dentists in Makkah city with the AAPD recommendations of prescribing prophylaxis Abs for special care pediatric patients at risk of having IE. Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study among dentists who are working at the major hospitals in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. Participants' perception regarding the prescription of prophylactic Abs was measured using validated and reliable questions. The reliability analysis was used with a model of alpha (Cronbach) to study the properties of measurement scales and the items that compose the scales and the average inter-item correlation. Results: One hundred and thirty-two dental practitioners were participated. Dental care providers would prescribe Abs with dental extraction (92.4%), periodontal surgery (89.4%), nonsurgical root canal treatment beyond apex (77.3%), supragingival scaling (67.4%), and retraction cord placement (46.2%). On the other hand, dental practitioners would not prescribe Abs for orthodontic appliance (87.9%), intraoral radiograph (87.1%), primary teeth shedding (81.8%), tooth preparation when taking an oral impression (76.5%), local anesthesia infiltration (68.2%), and restoration of Class II caries with matrix and wedge (56.8%). A significantly lower knowledge score was obtained by general dental practitioners when compared with consultant and specialists (P = 0.044). Consultants and specialists recorded significantly lower knowledge on the prescription of prophylaxis Abs for Class II caries with matrix and wedge (P < 0.001) when compared with general dental practitioners. Conclusions: Most dentists followed the AAPD recommendations of prophylactic Abs for children who have a high risk of developing IE. However, Class II dental restorations with matrix and wedge and placement of retraction cord have recorded more invalid responses. General dental practitioners had lower knowledge when compared with consultants and specialists when prescribing Abs for children who have a high risk of developing IE.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126105218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_41_21
Asma N. Asiri, A. Alasiri, M. Asiri, Mohanad Alshabab, Feras Alqahtani
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections that occur during pregnancy. It can be symptomatic or asymptomatic and if left untreated, it could lead to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality complications. The highest prevalence of UTI in pregnant women is thought to be a result from significant physiological changes occur in the urogenital tract that lead to increasing the potential for pathogenic colonisation. Bladder volume increases and detrusor tone decreases and this will lead to stasis of urine and ascending of infection. In addition, pregnant women develop ureteric dilatation as the result of a combination of progestogenic relaxation of ureteric smooth muscle and pressure from the expanding uterus. Furthermore, this can lead to failure of treatment, recurrent infections, or significant morbidity and mortality with a poor outcome. The bacteria causing urinary infection in pregnancy are many, such as Escherichia coli, Gram-negative bacilli like Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the second most frequently cultured uropathogen, 12 while other Gram-positive cocci, such as group B hemolytic streptococci, are less frequently isolated but remain clinically important. Other less common uropathogens include Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can arise through hematological inoculation rather than ascending infection. Nonbacterial causes include Chlamydia species and fungal infections, such as Candida albicans. Aim: The current study aimed to assess the awareness of Saudi women about the causes of UTI and its complications in pregnant women in Asir region, Southern of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study enrolled women at Asir region during the study period from Monday Feb 22, 2021–Jul 29, 2021 Data were collected using prestructured online questionnaire using social media platforms. Questionnaire included women bio-demographic data, children number, history of UTI, and awareness regarding UTI and its complications during pregnancy. Results: The study included 1662 Saudi females from Asir region with their ages ranged from 18 to 59 years with a mean age of 27.8 ± 12.4 years old. Majority of study participants (46%; 765) were single. Exact of 66.5% of the study females reported that pregnancy increases the chance of getting UTI. Regarding factors increases the risk of UTI in pregnant women, the most reported by the study females were prolonged retention of urine (72.4%). Also, 53.5% of the females know that the highest risk of getting UTI is at the 3rd trimester. As for complications for a pregnant woman with UTI, nephritis was known among 76.7% of the females. Conclusion: In conclusion, the current study revealed that females' awareness regarding UTI and its related causes and complications is poor in Asir region. Not all females know all risk factors, clinical presentation, or complications of UTI.
{"title":"Awareness of Saudi women about causes of urinary tract infection and its complications in pregnant women in asir region","authors":"Asma N. Asiri, A. Alasiri, M. Asiri, Mohanad Alshabab, Feras Alqahtani","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_41_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_41_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections that occur during pregnancy. It can be symptomatic or asymptomatic and if left untreated, it could lead to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality complications. The highest prevalence of UTI in pregnant women is thought to be a result from significant physiological changes occur in the urogenital tract that lead to increasing the potential for pathogenic colonisation. Bladder volume increases and detrusor tone decreases and this will lead to stasis of urine and ascending of infection. In addition, pregnant women develop ureteric dilatation as the result of a combination of progestogenic relaxation of ureteric smooth muscle and pressure from the expanding uterus. Furthermore, this can lead to failure of treatment, recurrent infections, or significant morbidity and mortality with a poor outcome. The bacteria causing urinary infection in pregnancy are many, such as Escherichia coli, Gram-negative bacilli like Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the second most frequently cultured uropathogen, 12 while other Gram-positive cocci, such as group B hemolytic streptococci, are less frequently isolated but remain clinically important. Other less common uropathogens include Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can arise through hematological inoculation rather than ascending infection. Nonbacterial causes include Chlamydia species and fungal infections, such as Candida albicans. Aim: The current study aimed to assess the awareness of Saudi women about the causes of UTI and its complications in pregnant women in Asir region, Southern of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study enrolled women at Asir region during the study period from Monday Feb 22, 2021–Jul 29, 2021 Data were collected using prestructured online questionnaire using social media platforms. Questionnaire included women bio-demographic data, children number, history of UTI, and awareness regarding UTI and its complications during pregnancy. Results: The study included 1662 Saudi females from Asir region with their ages ranged from 18 to 59 years with a mean age of 27.8 ± 12.4 years old. Majority of study participants (46%; 765) were single. Exact of 66.5% of the study females reported that pregnancy increases the chance of getting UTI. Regarding factors increases the risk of UTI in pregnant women, the most reported by the study females were prolonged retention of urine (72.4%). Also, 53.5% of the females know that the highest risk of getting UTI is at the 3rd trimester. As for complications for a pregnant woman with UTI, nephritis was known among 76.7% of the females. Conclusion: In conclusion, the current study revealed that females' awareness regarding UTI and its related causes and complications is poor in Asir region. Not all females know all risk factors, clinical presentation, or complications of UTI.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131831061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_18_22
N. Alqahtani
Introduction: Tobacco use is a major public health concern globally, and its usage has various harmful effects on both general and oral health. Thus, assessment of the oral health-related quality of life (QOL) is necessary among smokers to improve their oral health. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health-related QOL among smokers and nonsmokers. Methodology: A cross-sectional comparative research was conducted. A total of 520 participants, of which 260 were smokers and 260 were nonsmokers, were included in the study. To acquire data related to sociodemographic parameters and smoking status, the World Health Organization QOL-Brief version assessment tool was used, and to review the association between oral health-related QOL, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used. Results: When comparing smokers and nonsmokers' OHIP, the mean rank of every OHIP-14 question was higher in smokers with a significant P = 0.001, except for “satisfaction of life,” where the P value was not significant (P = 0.347). The distribution of total OHIP-14 scores as per sociodemographic variable showed that a higher mean rank of OHIP-14 was found in unmarried, nonearning, and noneducated participants as compared to married, employed, and literate participants. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Oral health-related QOL among smokers is poor as compared to nonsmokers.
{"title":"A cross-sectional comparative analysis of smoking and oral health-related quality of life","authors":"N. Alqahtani","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_18_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_18_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tobacco use is a major public health concern globally, and its usage has various harmful effects on both general and oral health. Thus, assessment of the oral health-related quality of life (QOL) is necessary among smokers to improve their oral health. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health-related QOL among smokers and nonsmokers. Methodology: A cross-sectional comparative research was conducted. A total of 520 participants, of which 260 were smokers and 260 were nonsmokers, were included in the study. To acquire data related to sociodemographic parameters and smoking status, the World Health Organization QOL-Brief version assessment tool was used, and to review the association between oral health-related QOL, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used. Results: When comparing smokers and nonsmokers' OHIP, the mean rank of every OHIP-14 question was higher in smokers with a significant P = 0.001, except for “satisfaction of life,” where the P value was not significant (P = 0.347). The distribution of total OHIP-14 scores as per sociodemographic variable showed that a higher mean rank of OHIP-14 was found in unmarried, nonearning, and noneducated participants as compared to married, employed, and literate participants. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Oral health-related QOL among smokers is poor as compared to nonsmokers.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"286 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114953424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_17_22
A. Qasim, K. Alghamdi, Diana S. Lalithabai, M. Hababeh, Wael Ammar
Background: Health-care institutions constantly strive to enhance the care environment and promote staff satisfaction. Engaging nurses through shared governance helps achieve these institutional goals. Aim: This Saudi study aimed to assess the current status of professional nursing governance on nurses at King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 247 nurse participants chosen by the convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using the Index of Professional Nursing Governance tool. Results: Staff nurses practiced the first level of shared governance with a mean score of 196.9 ± 49.7, showing they had primary decision-making responsibilities. The dimension with the lowest score was 'goal-setting and conflict resolution' (19.6 ± 6.12). Years of nursing experience was a statistically significant (P = 0.002) factor in governance. Conclusion: Nurse participants practiced shared governance in their given setting. However, their below-par score for “goal-setting and conflict resolution” underscores the need for professional development.
{"title":"Assessment of professional nursing governance on nurses in a multi-cultural setting in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Qasim, K. Alghamdi, Diana S. Lalithabai, M. Hababeh, Wael Ammar","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_17_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_17_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health-care institutions constantly strive to enhance the care environment and promote staff satisfaction. Engaging nurses through shared governance helps achieve these institutional goals. Aim: This Saudi study aimed to assess the current status of professional nursing governance on nurses at King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 247 nurse participants chosen by the convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using the Index of Professional Nursing Governance tool. Results: Staff nurses practiced the first level of shared governance with a mean score of 196.9 ± 49.7, showing they had primary decision-making responsibilities. The dimension with the lowest score was 'goal-setting and conflict resolution' (19.6 ± 6.12). Years of nursing experience was a statistically significant (P = 0.002) factor in governance. Conclusion: Nurse participants practiced shared governance in their given setting. However, their below-par score for “goal-setting and conflict resolution” underscores the need for professional development.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121391363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_43_21
A. Alzahrani, Jumanah H. Basalelah, A. Khamis, Abdulaziz Almahaish, Shahad Aljehani, F. Alhejji, M. Almadi
Background: The early detection of undescended testis is the key to minimizing infertility and malignancy risks associated with this condition. Thorough routine physical examination during scheduled visits for vaccines during the first year of a child's life can lead to early detection and referral to a surgeon for evaluation and surgical intervention in a timely manner. We aimed to investigate the role of physical examinations in primary health care for the discovery of undescended testis. Methods: Anonymous structured interviews were conducted in the waiting areas of a hospital and primary health-care center. Parents were asked about their perceptions of undescended testis and their experience during primary health-care visits for routine vaccinations. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and the percentage of boys who underwent genital examinations in a primary health-care setting was determined. Results: We interviewed a total of 352 parents, most of whom did not have a child with undescended testis (n = 322, 91%). Only 25 (7%) reported that a formal clinical genital examination was done at every primary health-care visit, whereas 50 (14%) indicated that their boy had been examined only once among their many vaccination visits. However, 160 (46%) parents stated that their primary health-care provider did not examine their boys' genitalia during any of these visits. Conclusion: Late detection of undescended testis could result from failure to adhere to the recommended genital clinical examinations of boys during immunization visits for infants among primary health-care providers.
{"title":"The role of physical assessment in primary health care in the early detection of pediatric undescended testis in Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Alzahrani, Jumanah H. Basalelah, A. Khamis, Abdulaziz Almahaish, Shahad Aljehani, F. Alhejji, M. Almadi","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_43_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_43_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The early detection of undescended testis is the key to minimizing infertility and malignancy risks associated with this condition. Thorough routine physical examination during scheduled visits for vaccines during the first year of a child's life can lead to early detection and referral to a surgeon for evaluation and surgical intervention in a timely manner. We aimed to investigate the role of physical examinations in primary health care for the discovery of undescended testis. Methods: Anonymous structured interviews were conducted in the waiting areas of a hospital and primary health-care center. Parents were asked about their perceptions of undescended testis and their experience during primary health-care visits for routine vaccinations. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and the percentage of boys who underwent genital examinations in a primary health-care setting was determined. Results: We interviewed a total of 352 parents, most of whom did not have a child with undescended testis (n = 322, 91%). Only 25 (7%) reported that a formal clinical genital examination was done at every primary health-care visit, whereas 50 (14%) indicated that their boy had been examined only once among their many vaccination visits. However, 160 (46%) parents stated that their primary health-care provider did not examine their boys' genitalia during any of these visits. Conclusion: Late detection of undescended testis could result from failure to adhere to the recommended genital clinical examinations of boys during immunization visits for infants among primary health-care providers.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"231 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116907606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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