Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_14_20
Hussam Haider, Haider A. Omar, J. Wani, S. Aziz
Loin pain hematuria syndrome (LPHS) is a rare syndrome of loin pain associated with hematuria, which could be either gross or microscopic in nature. The condition causes severe discomfort for patients and can lead to many limitations in activities of daily life. As such, no primary kidney pathology has been associated with this syndrome which makes it a unique entity, to be diagnosed after exclusion of secondary causes of these symptoms. The symptom complex of Loin pain hematuria has been described classically presenting in young females in their third decade and is known to have spontaneous remissions in almost half of the patients, while as rest of the patients continue to have recurrent episodes of pain and hematuria. A high index of suspicion needs to be developed by treating physician in a patient with recurrent loin pain associated with/out hematuria. We present a patient with a similar clinical course where the diagnosis of LPHS was made on clinical grounds after excluding secondary causes of her symptoms.
{"title":"Loin pain hematuria syndrome – A case report of a challenging diagnosis for clinicians","authors":"Hussam Haider, Haider A. Omar, J. Wani, S. Aziz","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_14_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_14_20","url":null,"abstract":"Loin pain hematuria syndrome (LPHS) is a rare syndrome of loin pain associated with hematuria, which could be either gross or microscopic in nature. The condition causes severe discomfort for patients and can lead to many limitations in activities of daily life. As such, no primary kidney pathology has been associated with this syndrome which makes it a unique entity, to be diagnosed after exclusion of secondary causes of these symptoms. The symptom complex of Loin pain hematuria has been described classically presenting in young females in their third decade and is known to have spontaneous remissions in almost half of the patients, while as rest of the patients continue to have recurrent episodes of pain and hematuria. A high index of suspicion needs to be developed by treating physician in a patient with recurrent loin pain associated with/out hematuria. We present a patient with a similar clinical course where the diagnosis of LPHS was made on clinical grounds after excluding secondary causes of her symptoms.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122995565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_46_21
A. Saif, Mohammed Alshahrani, Ahmad Alshehri, Basim Othman, M. Bahnass, M. Mashraqi, G. Zaman, Y. Alraey, A. Madkhali
Introduction: Expatriate workers usually contribute to the origination of some infectious diseases in the countries they reside. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze available information on filariasis imported into Najran, Saudi Arabia, by expatriate workers. Methodology: Serum (n = 497) were acquired from expatriate workers of both genders from different nationalities and various ages and also from randomly chosen parts and at different time periods of Najran. The serum samples were stored in a deep freezer at a temperature of − 65°C until utilized for the serological diagnosis of filariasis by using filariasis immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M (IgG/IgM) combo rapid test and human filariasis antibody (IgG4) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Based on IgG/IgM rapid test, the prevalence of filariasis IgG was 3.8% (19 out of 497), whereas IgG4 ELISA showed that the prevalence of filariasis was 10.9% (10 out of 92). The highest prevalence of filariasis occurred in Indian workers, in adulthood (30–49 years), and in male workers. There was no significant agreement in results between IgG/IgM rapid test and ELISA. The percentage specificity of IgG/IgM rapid test, relative to filariasis IgG4 ELISA was 80.5%. Conclusions: The possibility of health hazard due to imported filariasis and preeminently the initiation of a novel carrier focal point of the disease are likely to relied upon the abundance of carriers of microfilaria and the density of vector mosquitoes who feed on the carriers. Furthermore, the results of this study underscore the need for screening and therapeutic strategies that guarantee the control and prevention of parasitic infectious diseases.
{"title":"Filariasis: A major potential imported parasitic disease in Najran District of Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Saif, Mohammed Alshahrani, Ahmad Alshehri, Basim Othman, M. Bahnass, M. Mashraqi, G. Zaman, Y. Alraey, A. Madkhali","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_46_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_46_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Expatriate workers usually contribute to the origination of some infectious diseases in the countries they reside. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze available information on filariasis imported into Najran, Saudi Arabia, by expatriate workers. Methodology: Serum (n = 497) were acquired from expatriate workers of both genders from different nationalities and various ages and also from randomly chosen parts and at different time periods of Najran. The serum samples were stored in a deep freezer at a temperature of − 65°C until utilized for the serological diagnosis of filariasis by using filariasis immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M (IgG/IgM) combo rapid test and human filariasis antibody (IgG4) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Based on IgG/IgM rapid test, the prevalence of filariasis IgG was 3.8% (19 out of 497), whereas IgG4 ELISA showed that the prevalence of filariasis was 10.9% (10 out of 92). The highest prevalence of filariasis occurred in Indian workers, in adulthood (30–49 years), and in male workers. There was no significant agreement in results between IgG/IgM rapid test and ELISA. The percentage specificity of IgG/IgM rapid test, relative to filariasis IgG4 ELISA was 80.5%. Conclusions: The possibility of health hazard due to imported filariasis and preeminently the initiation of a novel carrier focal point of the disease are likely to relied upon the abundance of carriers of microfilaria and the density of vector mosquitoes who feed on the carriers. Furthermore, the results of this study underscore the need for screening and therapeutic strategies that guarantee the control and prevention of parasitic infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125532915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_16_21
M. Sayed, Bandar Abdullah AL-Makramani, Fuad A. Al-Sanabani, F. Shaabi
Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and dimensional stability of casts made from regular set alginate alternative (AA) and monophase additional silicone (MAS) impression materials following multiple pours. Materials and Methods: A hard typodont master cast with index holes was used. A total of 20 impressions were made using a modified perforated metal tray with 10 impressions of each material. Each impression was poured four times with type IV die stone with a total of 80 stone casts (40 for each material). The horizontal anterior–posterior (HAP), horizontal cross-arch (HCA), and vertical distances were measured in the recovered stone casts using a stereomicroscope with an accuracy of 0.001 mm. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD post hoc test (P < 0.05). Results: The dimensions on the typodont master cast and stone casts were significantly different (P < 0.001), except for the first pour from MAS (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the dimensions of the stone casts made from the AA and MAS impression materials among the four pour groups (P < 0.001), with exception of MAS-based casts between first pour and second pour groups at HAP and HCA dimensions. Pairwise comparisons showed statistically significant difference between the two impression materials at all measurement locations, with only one exception of HAP measurements for second-poured casts. Conclusion: A clinically acceptable casts can be made by pouring AA and MAS impressions twice. In addition, the third and fourth pours were accurate in the AA group when compared to MAS group. Clinical Significance: According the knowledge of the authors, this study is the first to evaluate the predictability of re-pouring alginate alternative impression material and compare to a standard polyvinyl siloxane impression material such as monophase. Therefore, the statement of clinical significance in the abstract will help the dentists to realize the potential uses for alginate alternative impression material and recommendations of this study.
{"title":"Reliability of multiple pour between two classes of polyvinyl siloxane impression materials: A preliminary stereomicroscopic study","authors":"M. Sayed, Bandar Abdullah AL-Makramani, Fuad A. Al-Sanabani, F. Shaabi","doi":"10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_16_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_16_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and dimensional stability of casts made from regular set alginate alternative (AA) and monophase additional silicone (MAS) impression materials following multiple pours. Materials and Methods: A hard typodont master cast with index holes was used. A total of 20 impressions were made using a modified perforated metal tray with 10 impressions of each material. Each impression was poured four times with type IV die stone with a total of 80 stone casts (40 for each material). The horizontal anterior–posterior (HAP), horizontal cross-arch (HCA), and vertical distances were measured in the recovered stone casts using a stereomicroscope with an accuracy of 0.001 mm. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD post hoc test (P < 0.05). Results: The dimensions on the typodont master cast and stone casts were significantly different (P < 0.001), except for the first pour from MAS (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the dimensions of the stone casts made from the AA and MAS impression materials among the four pour groups (P < 0.001), with exception of MAS-based casts between first pour and second pour groups at HAP and HCA dimensions. Pairwise comparisons showed statistically significant difference between the two impression materials at all measurement locations, with only one exception of HAP measurements for second-poured casts. Conclusion: A clinically acceptable casts can be made by pouring AA and MAS impressions twice. In addition, the third and fourth pours were accurate in the AA group when compared to MAS group. Clinical Significance: According the knowledge of the authors, this study is the first to evaluate the predictability of re-pouring alginate alternative impression material and compare to a standard polyvinyl siloxane impression material such as monophase. Therefore, the statement of clinical significance in the abstract will help the dentists to realize the potential uses for alginate alternative impression material and recommendations of this study.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116939887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_28_20
Saeed S Alqahtani
Background: Keratoconus is categorized by advanced corneal protrusion and thinning, important to uneven impairment and astigmatism in ophthalmic purpose, secondary to alter in the arrangement and association of collagen. Objective: This study intended to explain the protection and efficiency of cross-linking corneal for pediatric keratoconus. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective investigation of 32 eyes of 26 patients, age < 17 years that undertook corneal collagen for advanced keratoconus. Inclusion criteria were progressive keratoconus eyes recognized by successive topography for 6 months. The central significances procedures comprised pachymetry, keratometry, vision, and difficulties following epithelial-off cross-linking with the Dresden procedure. Results: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients were extra probable to be male; 81.6% of the non-VKC patients and 96.3% of VKC patients were male . Relating pretreatment to the 2-year follow-up, around no statistically substantial modification in the mean sharp or flat keratometry, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and corneal thickness or best spectacle-corrected graphic acuity in either group. There were no statistically substantial modifications in the mean visual, adverse event outcomes between the two groups. The percentage displaying advance of ectasia at 2 years was 18.5% in the VKC group and 16.7% in the non-VKC group (P = 0.83). Conclusions: Cross-linking corneal appears to be protected and active in pausing the advancement of keratoconus in pediatric patients. In addition, it can hypothetically inhibit amblyopia, progress the proper of lenses, and prevent an initial piercing keratoplasty.
{"title":"Safety and efficacy of corneal cross-linking in children with keratoconus","authors":"Saeed S Alqahtani","doi":"10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_28_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_28_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Keratoconus is categorized by advanced corneal protrusion and thinning, important to uneven impairment and astigmatism in ophthalmic purpose, secondary to alter in the arrangement and association of collagen. Objective: This study intended to explain the protection and efficiency of cross-linking corneal for pediatric keratoconus. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective investigation of 32 eyes of 26 patients, age < 17 years that undertook corneal collagen for advanced keratoconus. Inclusion criteria were progressive keratoconus eyes recognized by successive topography for 6 months. The central significances procedures comprised pachymetry, keratometry, vision, and difficulties following epithelial-off cross-linking with the Dresden procedure. Results: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients were extra probable to be male; 81.6% of the non-VKC patients and 96.3% of VKC patients were male . Relating pretreatment to the 2-year follow-up, around no statistically substantial modification in the mean sharp or flat keratometry, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and corneal thickness or best spectacle-corrected graphic acuity in either group. There were no statistically substantial modifications in the mean visual, adverse event outcomes between the two groups. The percentage displaying advance of ectasia at 2 years was 18.5% in the VKC group and 16.7% in the non-VKC group (P = 0.83). Conclusions: Cross-linking corneal appears to be protected and active in pausing the advancement of keratoconus in pediatric patients. In addition, it can hypothetically inhibit amblyopia, progress the proper of lenses, and prevent an initial piercing keratoplasty.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115414546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_20_21
Ahmed S Alkarani, Ahmed Ibrahem
Background: Around the world, there are some problems facing nursing education and production of new nurses; one of the problems is a shortage of qualified nurse faculty members. Objectives: The objectives of the study are (1) to explore factors motivated Saudi nurses working at nursing faculties to transition from clinical practice to academy and (2) to clarify the challenges of the transition into nursing colleges at universities. Subjects and Methods: This was a descriptive, qualitative study. A semi-structured interview was implemented with nine lecturers from four Saudi Universities. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: This study publicized three themes from the experience of Saudi nurses moving from clinical practice to academy: appealing factors in academic work, including four subthemes; factors that helped integrate into academic work, including two subthemes; and factors that contributed to the transition from clinical practice to academy, including two subthemes. Conclusion: Searching for change, continuing postgraduate studies, academic social life, and a positive academic work environment are common factors motivating nurses to transfer from clinical bedside nursing care into academic teaching.
{"title":"Factors motivating nurses to transition from clinical to academic education","authors":"Ahmed S Alkarani, Ahmed Ibrahem","doi":"10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_20_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_20_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Around the world, there are some problems facing nursing education and production of new nurses; one of the problems is a shortage of qualified nurse faculty members. Objectives: The objectives of the study are (1) to explore factors motivated Saudi nurses working at nursing faculties to transition from clinical practice to academy and (2) to clarify the challenges of the transition into nursing colleges at universities. Subjects and Methods: This was a descriptive, qualitative study. A semi-structured interview was implemented with nine lecturers from four Saudi Universities. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: This study publicized three themes from the experience of Saudi nurses moving from clinical practice to academy: appealing factors in academic work, including four subthemes; factors that helped integrate into academic work, including two subthemes; and factors that contributed to the transition from clinical practice to academy, including two subthemes. Conclusion: Searching for change, continuing postgraduate studies, academic social life, and a positive academic work environment are common factors motivating nurses to transfer from clinical bedside nursing care into academic teaching.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"257 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133507671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_36_20
Mohamed Adam, M. Gameraddin, Magbool Alelyani, Abdullah Laghbi, Ibtisam Abdallah, Nada Alqahtani
Background: Ultrasound (US) is an imaging method with significant diagnostic value; it is one of the most important diagnostic tools used by a wide range of health-care professionals across many applications. Objective: Evaluate the knowledge on implementation of the safety of diagnostic ultrasound (US) and the extent of perception of users in South King Saudi Arabia (KSA) regarding safety aspects of diagnostic methods. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia between October 2019 and September 2020. US operators used an online questionnaire in public and private Hospitals. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software program using appropriate statistical tests. Results: A total of 105 respondents of US operators completed the questionnaires. Most of them specialized in radiology (71.4%), whereas the remaining are physicians and obstetricians. A 50.5% of the US operators responded to the correct answer for US safe in the first trimester, 21.9% responded it is safe in the second trimester, and 34.3% in the third trimester. In comparison between operators about the knowledge safety issue, sonographers have a better knowledge of US safety than others (P = 0.02), whereas females have significant experience than males (P = 0.033). Qualified US operators with postgraduate studies were significantly more knowledgeable about US safety than others (P = 0.04). Conclusions: The qualification of US users has a significant impact on US safety knowledge. Practice and awareness of US safety among US operators in KSA need further training. Further efforts are made to teach and train diagnostic medical US devices to implement safety standards.
{"title":"Assessment of awareness of ultrasound safety among ultrasound users in King Saudi Arabia","authors":"Mohamed Adam, M. Gameraddin, Magbool Alelyani, Abdullah Laghbi, Ibtisam Abdallah, Nada Alqahtani","doi":"10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_36_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_36_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ultrasound (US) is an imaging method with significant diagnostic value; it is one of the most important diagnostic tools used by a wide range of health-care professionals across many applications. Objective: Evaluate the knowledge on implementation of the safety of diagnostic ultrasound (US) and the extent of perception of users in South King Saudi Arabia (KSA) regarding safety aspects of diagnostic methods. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia between October 2019 and September 2020. US operators used an online questionnaire in public and private Hospitals. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software program using appropriate statistical tests. Results: A total of 105 respondents of US operators completed the questionnaires. Most of them specialized in radiology (71.4%), whereas the remaining are physicians and obstetricians. A 50.5% of the US operators responded to the correct answer for US safe in the first trimester, 21.9% responded it is safe in the second trimester, and 34.3% in the third trimester. In comparison between operators about the knowledge safety issue, sonographers have a better knowledge of US safety than others (P = 0.02), whereas females have significant experience than males (P = 0.033). Qualified US operators with postgraduate studies were significantly more knowledgeable about US safety than others (P = 0.04). Conclusions: The qualification of US users has a significant impact on US safety knowledge. Practice and awareness of US safety among US operators in KSA need further training. Further efforts are made to teach and train diagnostic medical US devices to implement safety standards.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123517987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_5_21
H. AlHefdhi, Faten Alkahtani, Fatemah Shamakhi, F. Alrazhi, A. Alqahtani, Abeer M. F. Alsharaif, Sara Habtar
Background: Pandemics are not becoming infrequent events anymore. It is estimated that over 12,000 outbreaks have occurred since the year 1980, thanks to ease of travel and change in land use (Smith et al., 2014; Joes et al., 2008). The current coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have exposed the lack of preparedness in well-connected, economically stable, developed countries. All aspects of life have changed dramatically. COVID-19 infection affects older adults with higher morbidity and mortality and those with chronic underlying medical disorders [Zhang et al., 2020]. There is an indirect effect of COVID-19 pandemic on elderly, related to quarantine and social isolation. Prolonged social isolation leads to several neurological, psychological, and medical morbidities in the elderly [Plagg et al., 2020]. On the other hand, hospital-based and community-based medical care for acute and chronic diseases was disrupted substantially during the pandemic, adding to the suffering endured by older adults. Such impact received little focus in contemporary research, especially in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: The main aim of our current investigation is to evaluate the impact of quarantine and medical care disruption on geriatric health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: We surveyed the elderly population in Saudi Arabia using a pre-designed electronic online questionnaire in Arabic language. The items were developed by collaborating with practicing family physicians, geriatricians affiliated to King Khalid University, and with service users. The link to the questionnaire was released unto social media and the elderly -and their carers- were encouraged to participate in the study. We collected sociodemographic as well as clinical data. A pilot study was conducted for a period of two months before the final version of the research tool was released. We utilized χ2 tests to evaluate the effect of categorical demographic and clinical variables. Statistical tests were 2-tailed. Significance level was set at probability (type 1 error) = 0.05. The statistical software used was SPSS, Version V27 for Windows. The study received approval from the Ethics committee in King Khalid University. Results: A total of (n = 297) Saudi elderly persons were included in the survey, of whom (n = 35, 11.8%) were men and (n = 262, 88.2%) were women. (n = 190, 64.0%) were between 65 and 74 years of age and (n = 107, 36.0%) were 75 or older. The most frequently encountered health problem was Diabetes Mellitus in (n = 126, 42.4%) followed by hypertension in (n = 117, 39.4%). (n = 117, 39.4%) reported having their urgent care needs delayed because of fear of COVID-19 infection. (n = 164, 55.2%) reported that the pandemic posed a negative effect on their mood, and further (n = 108, 36.4%) had their physical activities negatively affected. Treatment plan was impaired in (40, 13.5%) of the participants. In independent subjects (n = 24, 32.9%) were
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health services provided to elderly population in Saudi Arabia","authors":"H. AlHefdhi, Faten Alkahtani, Fatemah Shamakhi, F. Alrazhi, A. Alqahtani, Abeer M. F. Alsharaif, Sara Habtar","doi":"10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_5_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_5_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pandemics are not becoming infrequent events anymore. It is estimated that over 12,000 outbreaks have occurred since the year 1980, thanks to ease of travel and change in land use (Smith et al., 2014; Joes et al., 2008). The current coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have exposed the lack of preparedness in well-connected, economically stable, developed countries. All aspects of life have changed dramatically. COVID-19 infection affects older adults with higher morbidity and mortality and those with chronic underlying medical disorders [Zhang et al., 2020]. There is an indirect effect of COVID-19 pandemic on elderly, related to quarantine and social isolation. Prolonged social isolation leads to several neurological, psychological, and medical morbidities in the elderly [Plagg et al., 2020]. On the other hand, hospital-based and community-based medical care for acute and chronic diseases was disrupted substantially during the pandemic, adding to the suffering endured by older adults. Such impact received little focus in contemporary research, especially in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: The main aim of our current investigation is to evaluate the impact of quarantine and medical care disruption on geriatric health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: We surveyed the elderly population in Saudi Arabia using a pre-designed electronic online questionnaire in Arabic language. The items were developed by collaborating with practicing family physicians, geriatricians affiliated to King Khalid University, and with service users. The link to the questionnaire was released unto social media and the elderly -and their carers- were encouraged to participate in the study. We collected sociodemographic as well as clinical data. A pilot study was conducted for a period of two months before the final version of the research tool was released. We utilized χ2 tests to evaluate the effect of categorical demographic and clinical variables. Statistical tests were 2-tailed. Significance level was set at probability (type 1 error) = 0.05. The statistical software used was SPSS, Version V27 for Windows. The study received approval from the Ethics committee in King Khalid University. Results: A total of (n = 297) Saudi elderly persons were included in the survey, of whom (n = 35, 11.8%) were men and (n = 262, 88.2%) were women. (n = 190, 64.0%) were between 65 and 74 years of age and (n = 107, 36.0%) were 75 or older. The most frequently encountered health problem was Diabetes Mellitus in (n = 126, 42.4%) followed by hypertension in (n = 117, 39.4%). (n = 117, 39.4%) reported having their urgent care needs delayed because of fear of COVID-19 infection. (n = 164, 55.2%) reported that the pandemic posed a negative effect on their mood, and further (n = 108, 36.4%) had their physical activities negatively affected. Treatment plan was impaired in (40, 13.5%) of the participants. In independent subjects (n = 24, 32.9%) were","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131322824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_3_21
G. Zaman
Background: In the last decades, due to the rapid emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens, the antibiotic-resistance phenomenon has become a global health crisis. Therefore, there is a need to find new remedies against pathogenic microbes. Objectives: The main intention of this research was to appraise the antibacterial potency of extracted essential oils (EEOs) from various plant species versus human disease-causing bacterial strains. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial and bactericidal activity of EEOs was tested on human disease-causing strains which included Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria. Antibacterial analysis for various extracts of the different plants was performed by utilizing the method of disc diffusion and deduction of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by microbroth dilution assays of the EEOs against the bacterial strains. Standard antibiotics (amoxicillin, metronidazole, rifampicin, clarithromycin, oxacillin, and clindamycin) were used to compare with EEO antibacterial activity. Results: Eclipta alba EEO was most effective against Streptococcus Pyogenes (2.06 ± 0.15), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1.50 ± 0.20), Streptococcus aureus (0.05 ± 0.02), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.56 ± 0.25). Leucas linifolia EEO was most effective against E. coli (3.13 ± 0.25) and Klebsiella Pneumoniae (4.33 ± 0.23). Bactericidal activity EEO from E. alba with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged from 0.11 ± 0.03 to 10.60 ± 0.55; Atriplex hortensis (8.73 ± 2.62–12.07 ± 0.65); Hedyotis scandens (9.13 ± 0.50–15.30 ± 0.43); L. linifolia (0.94 ± 0.05–10.73 ± 0.20); Murraya koenigii (9.0 ± 0.55–12.90 ± 0.18); and Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus (5.96 ± 1.15–13.0 ± 0.52). Bactericidal activity E. alba EEO was highest against S. Pyogenes (4.06 ± 0.15), N. gonorrhoeae (3.06 ± 0.40), and S. aureus (0.11 ± 0.03). L. linifolia EEO was most effective against P. aeruginosa (0.94 ± 0.05) and K. Pneumoniae (8.73 ± 0.41). Against E. coli (5.96 ± 1.15), the bactericidal activity of P. thyrsiflorus EEO was most effective. Conclusions: Comparison to the antibacterial activity of EEOs from six different plant species used in the study was more effective than the tested antibiotics. MIC and MBC values show that E. alba EEO plant species was the most effective against the tested human pathogenic bacterial strains.
{"title":"Antibacterial potency of extracted essential oils of some plant species against common gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria","authors":"G. Zaman","doi":"10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_3_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_3_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the last decades, due to the rapid emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens, the antibiotic-resistance phenomenon has become a global health crisis. Therefore, there is a need to find new remedies against pathogenic microbes. Objectives: The main intention of this research was to appraise the antibacterial potency of extracted essential oils (EEOs) from various plant species versus human disease-causing bacterial strains. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial and bactericidal activity of EEOs was tested on human disease-causing strains which included Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria. Antibacterial analysis for various extracts of the different plants was performed by utilizing the method of disc diffusion and deduction of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by microbroth dilution assays of the EEOs against the bacterial strains. Standard antibiotics (amoxicillin, metronidazole, rifampicin, clarithromycin, oxacillin, and clindamycin) were used to compare with EEO antibacterial activity. Results: Eclipta alba EEO was most effective against Streptococcus Pyogenes (2.06 ± 0.15), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1.50 ± 0.20), Streptococcus aureus (0.05 ± 0.02), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.56 ± 0.25). Leucas linifolia EEO was most effective against E. coli (3.13 ± 0.25) and Klebsiella Pneumoniae (4.33 ± 0.23). Bactericidal activity EEO from E. alba with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged from 0.11 ± 0.03 to 10.60 ± 0.55; Atriplex hortensis (8.73 ± 2.62–12.07 ± 0.65); Hedyotis scandens (9.13 ± 0.50–15.30 ± 0.43); L. linifolia (0.94 ± 0.05–10.73 ± 0.20); Murraya koenigii (9.0 ± 0.55–12.90 ± 0.18); and Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus (5.96 ± 1.15–13.0 ± 0.52). Bactericidal activity E. alba EEO was highest against S. Pyogenes (4.06 ± 0.15), N. gonorrhoeae (3.06 ± 0.40), and S. aureus (0.11 ± 0.03). L. linifolia EEO was most effective against P. aeruginosa (0.94 ± 0.05) and K. Pneumoniae (8.73 ± 0.41). Against E. coli (5.96 ± 1.15), the bactericidal activity of P. thyrsiflorus EEO was most effective. Conclusions: Comparison to the antibacterial activity of EEOs from six different plant species used in the study was more effective than the tested antibiotics. MIC and MBC values show that E. alba EEO plant species was the most effective against the tested human pathogenic bacterial strains.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124036510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_32_20
M. Abohashrh
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is evidenced by decreased cognitive function and increased prevalence of seizures. The association of epilepsy with AD is of clinical importance. Besides, memory impairment is common in epilepsy patients. Anti-epilepsy drugs have been used in various neurodegenerative disorders other than epilepsy. Objective: To validate the assumption that an AED could be effective against AD. The therapeutic target in the cure of epilepsy is the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), while beta-secretase (BACE) is a vital target in AD treatment. Materials and Methods: In this study, we describe the molecular interactions of topiramate with BACE and VGSC by “Autodock 4.2.” Free binding energy and inhibition constant of “topiramate-BACE” and “topiramate-VSC” interactions were found to be “−5.67 kcal/mol and 69.69 μM;” and “−5.64 kcal/mol and 73.88 μM,” respectively. Results: Both hydrophobic interactions and H-bond exhibit a vital role in the binding of topiramate with the BACE and VGSC. Conclusion: The study suggests that topiramate might act as a prominent dual inhibitor against BACE and VGSC, which may prove to be a promising treatment option for epilepsy-associated AD.
{"title":"Topiramate, as prominent dual inhibitor, targeting beta-secretase and voltage-gated sodium channel: An In silico study for the management of epilepsy-associated alzheimer's disease","authors":"M. Abohashrh","doi":"10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_32_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_32_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is evidenced by decreased cognitive function and increased prevalence of seizures. The association of epilepsy with AD is of clinical importance. Besides, memory impairment is common in epilepsy patients. Anti-epilepsy drugs have been used in various neurodegenerative disorders other than epilepsy. Objective: To validate the assumption that an AED could be effective against AD. The therapeutic target in the cure of epilepsy is the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), while beta-secretase (BACE) is a vital target in AD treatment. Materials and Methods: In this study, we describe the molecular interactions of topiramate with BACE and VGSC by “Autodock 4.2.” Free binding energy and inhibition constant of “topiramate-BACE” and “topiramate-VSC” interactions were found to be “−5.67 kcal/mol and 69.69 μM;” and “−5.64 kcal/mol and 73.88 μM,” respectively. Results: Both hydrophobic interactions and H-bond exhibit a vital role in the binding of topiramate with the BACE and VGSC. Conclusion: The study suggests that topiramate might act as a prominent dual inhibitor against BACE and VGSC, which may prove to be a promising treatment option for epilepsy-associated AD.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127631719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_19_20
Abdullah O. Almutiri
Background: The past few decades have witnessed a shift in the rate of incidence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and endocervical adenocarcinoma because there has been an increase in the prevalence of the endocervical adenocarcinoma and a reduction in the SCC in countries with effective screening programs in place. Although our knowledge about the underlying reasons for this shift remains deficient, it seems that the prevalence of endocervical adenocarcinoma is on the rise partly because of greater exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV), screening delays, and more importantly, technical limitations faced in diagnosing endocervical carcinoma. Objectives: This study aims to systematically review certain diagnostic methods that detect HPV which will facilitate the early diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma because adjuvant therapy has proven to be inefficient for later stages of the disease. Methodology: The relevant articles were researched online using databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, SpringerLink, and Web of Science. The databases were electronically searched. The keywords used in the search included “human papillomavirus (HPV),” “diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma,” “polymerase chain reaction (PCR),” “in situ hybridization (ISH),” and “immunohistochemistry (IHC).” The search was refined to include only those articles that were nonreviewed studies and recently published, covering the period from 2010 to the present. Results: Eight articles from different parts of the world were selected for the study and were categorized into three groups depending on the diagnostic technique used in them, which included PCR, ISH, and IHC. PCR has proven to be an efficient noninvasive method that detects HPV DNA in the early stages. ISH demonstrates high specificity and sensitivity for the detection, of which genotypes of HPVs are present in endocervical adenocarcinoma lesions. Immunohistochemical staining is a simple tool for detecting HPV, but it has limited efficiency. Conclusion: A number of diagnostic tools are available to detect HPV infection for the early diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma. HPV detection tests can be used in combination with the Pap test to ensure that any abnormality is not missed during diagnosis. Nonetheless, further studies should be performed to develop novel techniques or improve existing ones, so that endocervical adenocarcinomas can be detected on time and with high accuracy, and to overcome the problems faced in the cytologic diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinomas lesions.
背景:在过去的几十年里，宫颈鳞状细胞癌(SCC)和宫颈内腺癌的发病率发生了变化，因为在有有效筛查计划的国家，宫颈内腺癌的患病率有所上升，而宫颈内腺癌的发病率有所下降。虽然我们对这种转变的潜在原因的了解仍然不足，但似乎宫颈内腺癌的患病率正在上升，部分原因是更多地暴露于人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)，筛查延迟，更重要的是，诊断宫颈内癌面临的技术限制。目的:本研究旨在系统回顾某些检测HPV的诊断方法，这些方法将有助于宫颈癌的早期诊断，因为辅助治疗已被证明对该疾病的晚期无效。方法:使用Scopus、PubMed、ScienceDirect、ProQuest、SpringerLink和Web of Science等数据库对相关文章进行在线研究。数据库是用电子方式检索的。搜索中使用的关键词包括“人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)”、“宫颈腺癌的诊断”、“聚合酶链反应(PCR)”、“原位杂交(ISH)”和“免疫组织化学(IHC)”。我们对搜索结果进行了改进，只纳入了2010年至今的那些未经审查的研究和最近发表的文章。结果:来自世界不同地区的8篇文章被选为研究对象，并根据所使用的诊断技术分为三组，包括PCR、ISH和IHC。PCR已被证明是一种有效的非侵入性方法，可在早期阶段检测HPV DNA。ISH在检测宫颈内腺癌病变中显示出高特异性和敏感性，其中hpv基因型存在。免疫组织化学染色是一种检测HPV的简单工具，但它的效率有限。结论:有多种检测HPV感染的诊断工具可用于宫颈内腺癌的早期诊断。HPV检测测试可以与巴氏试验结合使用，以确保在诊断过程中不会遗漏任何异常。尽管如此，仍需进一步研究，开发新技术或改进现有技术，使宫颈内腺癌能够及时、准确地发现，并克服宫颈腺癌病变细胞学诊断面临的问题。
{"title":"Diagnostic techniques for human papillomavirus detection for early diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma","authors":"Abdullah O. Almutiri","doi":"10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_19_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/KKUJHS.KKUJHS_19_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The past few decades have witnessed a shift in the rate of incidence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and endocervical adenocarcinoma because there has been an increase in the prevalence of the endocervical adenocarcinoma and a reduction in the SCC in countries with effective screening programs in place. Although our knowledge about the underlying reasons for this shift remains deficient, it seems that the prevalence of endocervical adenocarcinoma is on the rise partly because of greater exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV), screening delays, and more importantly, technical limitations faced in diagnosing endocervical carcinoma. Objectives: This study aims to systematically review certain diagnostic methods that detect HPV which will facilitate the early diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma because adjuvant therapy has proven to be inefficient for later stages of the disease. Methodology: The relevant articles were researched online using databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, SpringerLink, and Web of Science. The databases were electronically searched. The keywords used in the search included “human papillomavirus (HPV),” “diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma,” “polymerase chain reaction (PCR),” “in situ hybridization (ISH),” and “immunohistochemistry (IHC).” The search was refined to include only those articles that were nonreviewed studies and recently published, covering the period from 2010 to the present. Results: Eight articles from different parts of the world were selected for the study and were categorized into three groups depending on the diagnostic technique used in them, which included PCR, ISH, and IHC. PCR has proven to be an efficient noninvasive method that detects HPV DNA in the early stages. ISH demonstrates high specificity and sensitivity for the detection, of which genotypes of HPVs are present in endocervical adenocarcinoma lesions. Immunohistochemical staining is a simple tool for detecting HPV, but it has limited efficiency. Conclusion: A number of diagnostic tools are available to detect HPV infection for the early diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma. HPV detection tests can be used in combination with the Pap test to ensure that any abnormality is not missed during diagnosis. Nonetheless, further studies should be performed to develop novel techniques or improve existing ones, so that endocervical adenocarcinomas can be detected on time and with high accuracy, and to overcome the problems faced in the cytologic diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinomas lesions.","PeriodicalId":344305,"journal":{"name":"King Khalid University Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115536107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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