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Polarizing publics in Twitter through organic targeting tactics of political incivility 通过政治不文明的有机目标策略在Twitter上分化公众
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1110953
Fani Kountouri, A. Kollias
Research on political incivility in social media has primarily been focused on the types and frequency of impolite or uncivil language used to attack politicians. However, there is so far little evidence on the uncivil use of organic targeting tactics. We define organic targeting tactics as the ways through which users can utilize the Twitter tagging conventions (hashtags and mentions) and its “reply” feature to target specific publics and accounts other than those in their followers' list. In the discussion on the study of political incivility on Twitter we introduce organic targeting tactics as another critical element of political incivility which may involve the violation of several political civility norms or essentially alter the intensity of their violation. Based on data from Greek Twitter this paper identifies and explores how users exploited the hashtag, mention, and reply feature of Twitter to target political out- and in-group politicians and publics and wide audiences with uncivil political messages. The dataset includes 101.512 tweets containing the “Syriza_xeftiles” hashtag posted during the period between January 2015 and early June 2019, obtained from the Twitter Search API. The dataset contains only tweets from Twitter user accounts that have posted at least 30 #Syriza_xeftiles tweets during the period under study. Analyses organic targeting tactics were based on an inductive lexicon-based approach. Evidence presented in this paper indicated that Twitter users gradually learned how to weaponize the hashtag, reply, and mention features of Twitter to target more and more regularly a variety of political accounts, publics, and audiences in Greek Twitter with uncivil political narratives. The weaponization of these Twitter features often involved the combination of several political incivility dimensions, which apart from the use of insulting utterances included the use of deception through hashjacking and the discursive dimension, which in effect constituted space violations, interruptions, and discussion prevention. We argue that this practice is indicative of a qualitatively different kind of political incivility because it does not simply aspire to establish ad-hoc political publics where incivility is the norm but also to deliberately expose other political and non-political publics to uncivil political narratives. Therefore, the deliberate use of organic targeting tactics can have far wider implications on affective polarization and ultimately on democratic processes.
对社交媒体中政治不文明行为的研究主要集中在用于攻击政治家的不礼貌或不文明语言的类型和频率上。然而,到目前为止,几乎没有证据表明有机目标策略的不文明使用。我们将有机定位策略定义为用户可以利用Twitter标签约定(主题标签和提及)及其“回复”功能来定位特定的公众和帐户,而不是关注者列表中的帐户。在关于Twitter上的政治不文明研究的讨论中,我们引入了有机目标策略,作为政治不文明的另一个关键因素,它可能涉及违反若干政治文明规范或从根本上改变其违反的强度。基于希腊Twitter的数据,本文确定并探讨了用户如何利用Twitter的标签、提及和回复功能,以不文明的政治信息瞄准政治团体内外的政治家、公众和广大受众。该数据集包括2015年1月至2019年6月初期间发布的101.512条包含“Syriza_xeftiles”标签的推文,这些推文来自Twitter搜索API。该数据集仅包含在研究期间发布了至少30条#Syriza_xeftiles推文的Twitter用户帐户的推文。分析了基于归纳词典的有机定位策略。本文提供的证据表明,Twitter用户逐渐学会了如何将Twitter的标签、回复和提及功能武器化,越来越有规律地针对希腊Twitter中的各种政治账户、公众和受众,使用不文明的政治叙事。这些Twitter功能的武器化通常涉及几个政治不文明维度的结合,除了使用侮辱性的话语外,还包括通过hashjacking和话语维度使用欺骗,这实际上构成了空间侵犯,中断和讨论阻止。我们认为,这种做法表明了一种本质上不同的政治不文明,因为它不只是渴望建立一种特别的政治公众,其中不文明是常态,而且还故意将其他政治和非政治公众暴露于不文明的政治叙事中。因此,有意使用有机目标策略可以对情感两极分化产生更广泛的影响,并最终影响民主进程。
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引用次数: 0
The impacts of COVID-19 on the relationship between perceived economic inequality and political action among socioeconomic classes 新冠肺炎对社会经济阶层经济不平等与政治行动之间关系的影响
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.990847
M. Vezzoli, S. Mari, R. Valtorta, C. Volpato
Economic inequality qualifies as a structural characteristic leading to political action, albeit this relationship manifests differently across socioeconomic classes. COVID-19 pandemic has amplified existing economic inequalities in ways that increased social tensions and political unrest around the world. This research investigates the effect of COVID-19 personal impacts on the relationship between perceived economic inequality and individuals' political participation. An online survey was administered to an Italian representative sample of 1,446 people (51% women, mean age of 42.42 years, SD = 12.87). The questionnaire assessed the perceived economic inequality, the personal impacts of COVID-19 (i.e., on finance, mental health, and ability to procure resources), and individuals' involvement in political participation. Moderation analyses were conducted separately for different socioeconomic classes (i.e., lower, middle, and upper classes). Results showed that individuals who perceive greater economic inequality, while controlling for perceived wage gap, are more likely to take action, but only if they belong to the higher class. For lower-class individuals, perceiving greater inequality erodes political action. Interaction effects occurred mainly in the middle class and with COVID-19 impacts on resources procurement, which inhibits political action.
经济不平等是导致政治行动的一种结构性特征,尽管这种关系在社会经济阶层中表现得不同。新冠肺炎疫情扩大了现有的经济不平等,加剧了世界各地的社会紧张局势和政治动荡。本研究调查了新冠肺炎个人影响对感知的经济不平等与个人政治参与之间关系的影响。对1446人(51%为女性,平均年龄42.42岁,SD=12.87)的意大利代表性样本进行了在线调查。该问卷评估了感知到的经济不平等、新冠肺炎对个人的影响(即财务、心理健康和获取资源的能力)以及个人参与政治的情况。对不同的社会经济阶层(即下层、中层和上层)分别进行了适度分析。结果表明,在控制感知到的工资差距的同时,感知到更大经济不平等的个人更有可能采取行动,但前提是他们属于更高的阶层。对于下层个人来说,感知到更大的不平等会侵蚀政治行动。互动效应主要发生在中产阶级,新冠肺炎对资源采购的影响抑制了政治行动。
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引用次数: 1
Erratum: Measuring democracy among ordinary citizens—Challenges to studying democratic ideals 勘误:衡量普通公民中的民主——研究民主理想的挑战
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1177289
COPYRIGHT © 2023 Frontiers Production O ce. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Erratum: Measuring democracy among ordinary citizens—Challenges to studying democratic ideals
版权所有©2023边疆生产有限公司这是一篇基于知识共享署名许可(CC BY)的开放获取文章。允许在其他论坛上使用、分发或复制,前提是要注明原作者和版权所有者,并根据公认的学术惯例引用本期刊的原始出版物。不遵守这些条款的使用、分发或复制是不被允许的。勘误:衡量普通公民中的民主——研究民主理想的挑战
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引用次数: 0
Respecting the values of the constitution: Integration in the community of value(s) 尊重宪法的价值观:价值共同体的一体化
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1124552
Stefan Manser-Egli
Current integration regimes increasingly require migrants to share constitutional values. Taking Switzerland as a case study, the paper analyzes this integration requirement based on the legal framework, problem-centred interviews among public authorities and street-level bureaucrats, case files and case law. It argues, first, that the requirement re/produces the social imaginary of society as a community of value(s), which in turn legitimizes aggressive integrationism. Second, the values concerned are to a very large extent an empty signifier that can be filled with almost any cultural stuff. This is the case, third, as long as the reference to abstract universal liberal principles is maintained, revealing a distinctly liberal boundary making. In conclusion, the value requirement turns out to be old-fashioned cultural assimilation in a contemporary liberal guise, positing liberal values as an achieved feature of modern societies, shared by all members of the community of value(s).
目前的融合制度越来越要求移民分享宪法价值观。本文以瑞士为例,从法律框架、公共当局和街道官员之间以问题为中心的访谈、案件档案和判例法等方面分析了这一整合要求。它认为,首先,这一要求重新产生了社会作为一个价值共同体的社会想象,这反过来又使激进的一体化主义合法化。其次,相关的价值观在很大程度上是一个空洞的能指,几乎可以用任何文化材料来填充。第三,只要保持对抽象的普遍自由主义原则的引用,就会显示出明显的自由主义边界。总之,价值要求是以当代自由主义为幌子的老式文化同化,将自由主义价值观定位为现代社会的一个已实现的特征,由价值共同体的所有成员共享。
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引用次数: 1
Erratum: Patterns of (de)politicization in times of crisis: Swiss residents' political engagement, 1999-2020 危机时期(去)政治化的模式:瑞士居民的政治参与,1999-2020
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1175440
COPYRIGHT © 2023 Frontiers Production O ce. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Erratum: Patterns of (de)politicization in times of crisis: Swiss residents’ political engagement, 1999-2020
版权所有©2023 Frontiers Production O ce。这是一篇根据知识共享署名许可(CC BY)条款发布的开放获取文章。根据公认的学术惯例,允许在其他论坛上使用、分发或复制,前提是原作者和版权所有人得到认可,并引用本期刊上的原始出版物。不允许使用、分发或复制不符合这些条款的内容。勘误表:危机时期的(去)政治化模式:瑞士居民的政治参与,1999-2020
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引用次数: 0
Barriers and enablers in designing regulations to restrict the exposure of children to unhealthy food and beverage marketing 制定规章限制儿童接触不健康食品和饮料营销的障碍和推动因素
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.945742
Fiona Sing, A. Carriedo, S. Mackay, T. Tenbensel, B. Swinburn
Background The insidious and pervasive nature of marketing of unhealthy food and beverages has been identified as one of several strategies the unhealthy food and beverage industry uses to exert their influence on population food choices and diet. Regulating the food and beverage industry's marketing practices is one mechanism to mitigate this commercial determinant of health. This paper seeks to understand the main barriers and enablers that governments face when attempting to design an appropriate regulatory system. Methods 14 semi-structured expert interviews were undertaken with participants across different jurisdictions (Ireland, United Kingdom, Chile, Canada, Norway, Portugal and Brazil) who were involved in introducing marketing restrictions; and a purposive documentary analysis was carried out. A thematic analysis of this data was conducted informed by the Health Policy Triangle. Results Multiple common technical and political issues were experienced by governments regarding the form and substance of the policy design regardless of the jurisdictional context. Such issues included: whether to introduce a mandatory approach; what age group to protect; what nutrient classification system to use; how to define “marketing to children”; and what mediums, settings and techniques to cover. The actors opposing regulation challenged the form and substance of each design element. However, having a strong political mandate to introduce regulation; multiple actors working together, including multiple government ministries, academics and civil society actors; and a strong evidence base supporting the policy design helped policymakers navigate the technical and political challenges faced when designing the regulatory approach. Conclusion Despite the different political contexts and actors involved in different jurisdictions internationally, there are many commonalities in the challenges and enabling factors faced by governments. Understanding the technical and political challenges experienced by governments and how these governments overcame those challenges is critical to improve capacity around designing more effective regulations to improve population's diets, and therefore NCDs.
背景不健康食品和饮料营销的隐蔽性和普遍性已被确定为不健康食品饮料行业用来影响人群食物选择和饮食的几种策略之一。监管食品和饮料行业的营销行为是缓解这种健康商业决定因素的一种机制。本文试图了解政府在试图设计适当的监管体系时面临的主要障碍和促成因素。方法对参与引入营销限制的不同司法管辖区(爱尔兰、英国、智利、加拿大、挪威、葡萄牙和巴西)的参与者进行了14次半结构化专家访谈;并进行了有目的的文献分析。卫生政策三角区对这些数据进行了专题分析。结果无论管辖范围如何,政府在政策设计的形式和实质方面都遇到了多个共同的技术和政治问题。这些问题包括:是否采用强制性办法;要保护的年龄组;使用什么营养分类系统;如何界定“儿童营销”;以及涵盖哪些媒介、设置和技术。反对监管的行动者对每个设计元素的形式和实质提出了质疑。然而,具有引入监管的强大政治授权;多个行动者合作,包括多个政府部委、学术界和民间社会行动者;支持政策设计的有力证据基础有助于决策者应对在设计监管方法时面临的技术和政治挑战。结论尽管国际上不同管辖区所涉及的政治背景和行为者不同,但各国政府面临的挑战和有利因素有许多共性。了解各国政府所经历的技术和政治挑战,以及这些政府如何克服这些挑战,对于提高制定更有效法规的能力至关重要,以改善人口饮食,从而改善非传染性疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum: Labor market situation of refugees in Europe: The role of individual and contextual factors 更正:欧洲难民的劳动力市场状况:个人和背景因素的作用
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1165088
Yuliya Kosyakova, Irena Kogan
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引用次数: 0
Alternative discourse for constituting subjecthood of women: A case for an autonomous feminist discourse in Kashmir in India 构成妇女主体性的替代话语:印度克什米尔自主女权主义话语的案例
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1045846
Divya Sharma
The article is centrally concerned with mapping out the autonomy of the feminist subject in India using the case study of Kashmir after the abrogation of Article 35A. It argues that the autonomy of the feminist subject in India has been subsumed within various other discourses, due to which the feminist subject of the discourse is still denied the necessary space. The article uses the case study of Jammu and Kashmir and argues that women face triple jeopardy being subjected to multiple counter-discourses to their autonomy. Feminism and autonomy in Kashmir cannot be defined in isolation; gender power relations intersect with the ethnic conflict of partitions as well as the militarization of Kashmir. It accounts for women's positions throughout history, including the ancient monarchical system, which resulted in a syncretic Kasmiriyat tradition, the Dogra regime with its alliances and misalignments with British rule, and the violence of the Indian subcontinent's partition. Based on multiple variables, the article employs a two-pronged approach. The first approach is to carry out the discursive analysis of the autonomy of the feminist subject in India and Jammu and Kashmir. The second approach considers the narrative of Kashmiri women through detailed interviews to determine how they define their autonomy. Using these two approaches, an attempt is made to investigate the implications of the abrogation of Article 35A in terms of conceptualizing a case of autonomous space for Kashmiri women as democratic citizens of India.
这篇文章主要关注的是通过对废除第35A条后克什米尔的案例研究,阐明印度女权主义主体的自主权。它认为,印度女性主义主体的自主性已经被其他各种话语所包容,因此话语中的女性主义主体仍然被剥夺了必要的空间。文章利用查谟和克什米尔的案例研究,认为妇女面临着三重危险,她们的自主权受到多重反话语的影响。克什米尔的女权主义和自治不能孤立地定义;性别权力关系与分治的种族冲突以及克什米尔的军事化交织在一起。它解释了历史上女性的地位,包括导致克什米尔传统融合的古代君主制度、与英国统治结盟和不结盟的多格拉政权,以及印度次大陆分治的暴力行为。基于多个变量,本文采用了双管齐下的方法。第一种方法是对印度和查谟和克什米尔地区女性主义主体的自主性进行话语分析。第二种方法通过详细的采访来考虑克什米尔妇女的叙述,以确定她们如何定义自己的自主性。利用这两种方法,试图从概念化克什米尔妇女作为印度民主公民的自治空间的角度来调查废除第35A条的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Children born of war: Challenges and opportunities at the intersection of war tension and post-war justice and reconstruction 社论:战争中出生的孩子:战争紧张局势与战后正义与重建交叉点的挑战与机遇
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1122280
Sabine Lee, H. Glaesmer, S. Bartels
COPYRIGHT © 2023 Lee, Glaesmer and Bartels. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Children born of war: Challenges and opportunities at the intersection of war tension and post-war justice and reconstruction
版权所有©2023 Lee, Glaesmer and Bartels。这是一篇基于知识共享署名许可(CC BY)的开放获取文章。允许在其他论坛上使用、分发或复制,前提是要注明原作者和版权所有者,并根据公认的学术惯例引用本期刊的原始出版物。不遵守这些条款的使用、分发或复制是不被允许的。社论:战争中出生的孩子:战争紧张局势与战后正义与重建交叉点的挑战与机遇
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引用次数: 0
Putting coastal communities at the center of a sustainable blue economy: A review of risks, opportunities, and strategies 将沿海社区置于可持续蓝色经济的中心:对风险、机遇和战略的回顾
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2022.1032204
L. Evans, P. M. Buchan, M. Fortnam, M. Honig, Louise Heaps
New approaches to ocean governance for coastal communities are needed. With few exceptions, the status quo does not meet the diverse development aspirations of coastal communities or ensure healthy oceans for current and future generations. The blue economy is expected to grow to USD2.5–3 trillion by 2030, and there is particular interest in its potential to alleviate poverty in Least Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States, and to support a blue recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper presents a selective, thematic review of the blue economy literature to examine: (i) the opportunities and risks for coastal communities, (ii) the barriers and enablers that shape community engagement, and (iii) the strategies employed by communities and supporting organizations, which can be strengthened to deliver a ‘sustainable' blue economy and improve social justice for coastal communities. Our review finds that under business-as-usual and blue growth, industrial fisheries, large-scale aquaculture, land reclamation, mining, and oil and gas raise red flags for communities and marine ecosystems. Whereas, if managed sustainably, small-scale fisheries, coastal aquaculture, seaweed farming and eco-tourism are the most likely to deliver benefits to communities. Yet, these are also the sectors most vulnerable to negative and cumulative impacts from other sectors. Based on our evaluation of enablers, barriers and strategies, the paper argues that putting coastal communities at the center of a clear vision for an inclusive Sustainable Blue Economy and co-developing a shared and accessible language for communities, practitioners and policy-makers is essential for a more equitable ocean economy, alongside mainstreaming social justice principles and integrated governance that can bridge different scales of action and opportunity.
需要对沿海社区的海洋治理采取新的办法。除了少数例外,现状无法满足沿海社区的多样化发展愿望,也无法确保当代和子孙后代的海洋健康。到2030年,蓝色经济预计将增长到2.5至3万亿美元,人们特别关注其缓解最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家贫困的潜力,以及支持从新冠肺炎疫情中实现蓝色复苏的潜力。本文对蓝色经济文献进行了选择性的主题审查,以审查:(i)沿海社区的机会和风险,(ii)影响社区参与的障碍和推动者,以及(iii)社区和支持组织采用的战略,它可以得到加强,以实现“可持续”的蓝色经济,并改善沿海社区的社会正义。我们的审查发现,在一切照旧和蓝色增长的情况下,工业渔业、大规模水产养殖、土地开垦、采矿以及石油和天然气为社区和海洋生态系统敲响了警钟。然而,如果可持续管理,小规模渔业、沿海水产养殖、海藻养殖和生态旅游最有可能为社区带来好处。然而,这些部门也是最容易受到其他部门负面和累积影响的部门。基于我们对推动者、障碍和战略的评估,本文认为,将沿海社区置于包容性可持续蓝色经济的清晰愿景的中心,并为社区、从业者和决策者共同开发一种共享和可访问的语言,对于更公平的海洋经济至关重要,同时将社会正义原则和综合治理纳入主流,以弥合不同规模的行动和机会。
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引用次数: 6
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Frontiers in Political Science
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