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Corrigendum: Putting coastal communities at the center of a sustainable blue economy: A review of risks, opportunities, and strategies 更正:将沿海社区置于可持续蓝色经济的中心:风险、机遇和战略综述
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1182415
L. Evans, P. M. Buchan, M. Fortnam, M. Honig, Louise Heaps
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引用次数: 2
Setting limits to tolerance: An experimental investigation of individual reactions to extremism and violence 设定宽容的界限:对个人对极端主义和暴力反应的实验性调查
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1000511
Eva‐Maria Trüdinger, Conrad Ziller
Tolerating others' opinions, even if disliked, is a cornerstone of liberal democracy. At the same time, there are limits to political tolerance as tolerating extremists and groups who use violence would threaten the foundations of tolerance itself. We study people's willingness to set limits to tolerance in case of violence and extremism (scope of tolerance)—under different conditions regarding ideological groups (left-wing, right-wing, religious) and offline/online contexts of free speech. Using data from a large-scale survey experiment conducted in Germany, we show that citizens clearly set limits to tolerance of different groups, especially if the latter have violent intentions, and that people tend to be more tolerant online than offline. Moreover, we find that citizens are more tolerant toward groups that are closer to their own ideological stance. However, violence disrupts such an ideological bias as respondents across the ideological spectrum exhibit low levels of tolerance toward violent groups—irrespectively of their political stance. Our findings highlight the importance of situational factors as foundations of judgments on the limits to tolerance.
容忍别人的意见,即使不喜欢,也是自由民主的基石。与此同时,政治容忍也有限度,因为容忍极端分子和使用暴力的团体将威胁到容忍本身的基础。我们研究人们在暴力和极端主义(容忍范围)的情况下,在不同的意识形态团体(左翼、右翼、宗教)和线下/在线自由言论环境下,设定容忍限度的意愿。我们利用在德国进行的一项大规模调查实验的数据表明,公民对不同群体的宽容程度有明确的限制,尤其是在后者有暴力意图的情况下,人们往往在网上比在线下更宽容。此外,我们发现公民对与自己的意识形态立场更接近的团体更宽容。然而,暴力破坏了这种意识形态偏见,因为无论其政治立场如何,意识形态范围内的受访者对暴力团体的容忍度都很低。我们的研究结果强调了情境因素作为判断容忍极限的基础的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
EU and crisis management: Afghanistan and Ukraine on social media 欧盟与危机管理:社交媒体上的阿富汗和乌克兰
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1138445
Concha Pérez-Curiel, Álvaro Garrote-Fuentes, R. Rivas-de-Roca
The European Union (EU) is a very relevant actor in the political scene. The EU's external action is inspired by the principles of peace and rule of law. However, the EU is composed of different institutions and leaders, making it difficult to find a single voice. This promotes a feeling of remoteness that threatens the legitimacy of the EU political system. In recent years, the EU has faced many internal challenges, such as the refugee crisis and Brexit, but recent events in Afghanistan and Ukraine reveal the need to further our understanding of the role of the EU as an international actor. Bearing these trends in mind, this research aimed to explore the management of crisis communication by the EU leaders regarding the two most recent international events: Afghanistan in 2021 and Ukraine in 2022. Specifically, we analyze the profiles of Ursula von der Leyen (@vonderleyen), Josep Borrell (@JosepBorrellF), and Charles Michel (@eucopresident). Content analysis is manually performed on 479 tweets on military conflicts over a general sample of 661 messages. The strategies and specific topics are studied based on a pretest. In addition, we calculate the impact rate of the tweets. In this sense, the data were captured for a 2-month period (15 August to 15 September 2021 and 24 February to 24 March 2022). As a result, we show the predominance of messages on Ukraine together with a significantly different action of von der Leyen in terms of strategies and employment of the tools of Twitter. Her impact rate is also higher. This study contributes to current discussions on the mission of communication to foster trust, since the anti-publicity bias of the EU requires better levels of coherence to more effectively disseminate messages.
欧洲联盟(欧盟)是政治舞台上一个非常重要的行动者。欧盟的对外行动受到和平与法治原则的启发。然而,欧盟由不同的机构和领导人组成,很难找到一个统一的声音。这助长了一种疏远感,威胁到欧盟政治体系的合法性。近年来,欧盟面临着许多内部挑战,如难民危机和英国脱欧,但最近在阿富汗和乌克兰发生的事件表明,我们需要进一步了解欧盟作为国际行动者的作用。考虑到这些趋势,本研究旨在探讨欧盟领导人对最近两个国际事件(2021年的阿富汗和2022年的乌克兰)的危机沟通管理。具体来说,我们分析了乌苏拉·冯·德·莱恩(@vonderleyen)、约瑟夫·博雷尔(@JosepBorrellF)和查尔斯·米歇尔(@eucopresident)的个人资料。在661条消息的一般样本中,对479条关于军事冲突的推文进行了内容分析。在预测的基础上研究了策略和具体主题。此外,我们计算推文的影响率。从这个意义上说,收集了两个月的数据(2021年8月15日至9月15日和2022年2月24日至3月24日)。因此,我们显示了乌克兰信息的优势,以及冯·德莱恩在Twitter工具的战略和使用方面的显著不同行动。她的撞击率也更高。这项研究有助于当前关于传播促进信任使命的讨论,因为欧盟的反宣传偏见需要更高水平的一致性才能更有效地传播信息。
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引用次数: 0
African coups in the COVID-19 era: A current history 新冠肺炎时代的非洲政变:当代历史
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1077945
John J. Chin, J. Kirkpatrick
What explains the explosion of coup activity in Africa over the last few years? To answer this question, this article presents narrative summaries—a current history—of all eleven coups attempts in Africa between August 2020 and November 2022. We then discuss the most relevant causal explanations for the observed increase in coup frequency in Africa in this period. Though we find relatively little evidence of direct coup diffusion or democratic backsliding as coup triggers, our findings suggest that coup-struck African countries over the last few years are disproportionately poor, have a recent history of coups, and face ongoing dilemmas of democratic consolidation. Ongoing Islamist insurgencies may have helped precipitate recent coups in West Africa but not elsewhere.
如何解释过去几年非洲政变活动的激增?为了回答这个问题,本文对2020年8月至2022年11月期间非洲发生的所有11次政变进行了叙述性总结——即当前历史。然后,我们讨论了在此期间观察到的非洲政变频率增加的最相关的因果解释。虽然我们没有发现直接的政变扩散或民主倒退作为政变触发因素的证据,但我们的研究结果表明,过去几年发生政变的非洲国家的贫困程度高得多,最近发生过政变,并且面临着持续的民主巩固困境。正在进行的伊斯兰叛乱可能促成了西非最近的政变,但在其他地方却没有。
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引用次数: 1
Corrigendum: Assessing the public understanding of democracy through conjoint analysis 勘误:通过联合分析评估公众对民主的理解
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1181848
Katsunori Seki
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引用次数: 0
Intergenerational transmission of left-right ideology: A question of gender and parenting style? 左右意识形态的代际传递:性别和育儿方式的问题?
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1080543
Julia Weiss
“Left” and “right” are common concepts when it comes to describing both political attitudes of citizens and politicians or to classifying, for example, parties on the political spectrum. But how do political ideological attitudes emerge? One central factor is political socialization, in which the family is a key socialization agent. However, existing research focuses largely on partisan preferences and how they emerge through family political socialization. Nevertheless, due to multiparty systems, this concept is less suitable in the European context. This paper therefore contributes to filling this research gap by looking at the role of the family as a political socialization agent in the emergence of political ideological attitudes. Hereby the focus is on two key research questions: what difference does the cross-gender transmission of left-right ideology make? How does the parenting style affect intergenerational transmission? These questions are examined using the Cultural Pathways to Economic Self-Sufficiency and Entrepreneurship (CUPESSE) dataset, whose structure allows for several advances on existing studies. First, it contains a high number of cases with more than 4,000 parent-child dyads, which come from a total of 11 European countries and thus allow a view beyond existing single country studies. Furthermore, it contains the classification of the parenting style by the children and thus enables analyses based on the perception of the recipients of the parenting rather than the parent self-assessment. The results of the analysis indicate that existing differences in political ideology between parents and children vary for cross-gender transmission processes. It also shows that the similarity of political ideology between parents and children is influenced by the parenting style, such as whether children experienced warmth from their parents, support in the pursuit of autonomy, or strong controlling behavior.
“左”和“右”是描述公民和政治家的政治态度或分类的常见概念,例如,在政治光谱上的政党。但是政治意识形态态度是如何产生的呢?一个中心因素是政治社会化,其中家庭是一个关键的社会化媒介。然而,现有的研究主要集中在党派偏好以及它们如何通过家庭政治社会化产生。然而,由于多党制,这一概念不太适合欧洲的情况。因此,本文通过考察家庭在政治意识形态态度形成过程中作为政治社会化媒介的作用,有助于填补这一研究空白。因此,本文将重点关注两个关键研究问题:左右意识形态的跨性别传播有何不同?教养方式如何影响代际传递?这些问题是使用经济自给自足和创业的文化途径(CUPESSE)数据集进行检验的,其结构允许在现有研究的基础上取得若干进展。首先,它包含了来自11个欧洲国家的4000多对亲子的大量案例,因此可以超越现有的单一国家研究。此外,它还包含了孩子们对父母教养方式的分类,因此可以根据父母教养的接受者的看法而不是父母的自我评估进行分析。分析结果表明,父母和子女之间存在的政治意识形态差异在跨性别传播过程中有所不同。研究还表明,父母和孩子之间政治意识形态的相似性受到父母教养方式的影响,比如孩子是否从父母那里得到温暖,是否在追求自主的过程中得到支持,或者是否有强烈的控制行为。
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引用次数: 1
Institutionalizing collaborative regional governance in organizationally thin regions—Regional development agencies and the neglect of social innovations 组织薄弱地区协同区域治理的制度化——区域发展机构与对社会创新的忽视
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1092295
Sunna Kovanen, P. Ulrich, Ludger Gailing
This article compares one emerging and three established regional development agencies in rural regions in Germany as examples of collaborative governance for socially innovative regional development. We ask, firstly, how an emergent collaborative regional governance network can be institutionalized in the long term based on participatory mechanisms on several levels as well as between actors with different goals and values. Secondly, how an organizationally thin, rural context influences the governance network in steering the social innovation promotion and what kind of development for whom do different governance networks mobilize. Research was conducted as a qualitative comparative case study with semi-structured expert interviews. The findings highlight that the institutionalization of collaborative governance is supported by funding and policies from upper scales and the model of regional development agency enhances the learning of collaborative governance between public institutions. However, the goal and beneficiaries of the development are mainly the classic economic actors, whereas transformative grassroots movements enhancing social innovation are largely ignored by public-driven collaborative governance.
本文比较了德国农村地区一个新兴的和三个已建立的区域发展机构,作为合作治理促进社会创新区域发展的例子。首先,我们要问的是,如何在多个层面的参与机制以及具有不同目标和价值观的行为者之间,将一个新兴的合作区域治理网络长期制度化。其次,组织薄弱的农村环境如何影响治理网络引导社会创新促进,以及不同的治理网络为谁动员了什么样的发展。这项研究是通过半结构化专家访谈进行的定性比较案例研究。研究结果强调,合作治理的制度化得到了上级资金和政策的支持,区域发展机构的模式增强了公共机构之间合作治理的学习。然而,发展的目标和受益者主要是典型的经济行动者,而促进社会创新的变革性基层运动在很大程度上被公共驱动的合作治理所忽视。
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引用次数: 0
Ideations of social sustainability? Concepts and cleavages of cohesion in Germany 社会可持续性的理念?德国衔接的概念与分歧
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1135205
Katarina Marej
The UN 2030 Agenda calls for the development and promotion of societies that pursue not only ecological and economic, but also socio-political sustainability goals. Yet, the political as well as academic discourse on that is marginal. Conducting an empirical case study in Germany, this article examines existing political ideations about societal integration and thus cohesion and discusses ideational obstacles to the development of a socially sustainable society. First, the concept of ideations is made accessible for empirical analysis by distinguishing cognitive and affective elements with symbolic, sentimental, programmatical and ideological foundations. The focus is not on the implementation of specific policies, but on the negotiation processes of the ideational foundations of integration governance. The following critical discourse analysis elaborates central aspects of ‘constitutional patriotism' and ‘Leitkultur.' It traces their emergence and characteristics and thereby reveals how different historical contexts and political interests of the actors influence the emergence and dissemination of ideations. Furthermore, it demonstrates how formerly opposing positions converge, emphasizing the impact of ideational processes on changing governance trends. Subsequently, inherent elements of cultural racism and hegemony, religion and ‘values,' and emotion politics are critically discussed as obstacles to developing decolonial ideations about integration. Accordingly, the widespread appreciation of patriotism and national pride as a foundation for successful integration is questioned. The conclusion diagnoses that republican elements are gaining influence with the tendency to individualize, paternalize, and depoliticize integration. Shared cognitive and emotional ideations are intended to ensure support for democracy, but the extent to which these policies themselves exhibit undemocratic tendencies must be critically observed. The two ideations examined are therefore not or only partially suitable for promoting social sustainability.
联合国2030年议程呼吁发展和促进不仅追求生态和经济目标,而且追求社会政治可持续性目标的社会。然而,关于这一点的政治和学术讨论都是边缘化的。本文在德国进行了一个实证案例研究,考察了现有的关于社会融合和凝聚力的政治观念,并讨论了社会可持续社会发展的观念障碍。首先,通过区分具有象征性、情感性、程序性和意识形态基础的认知和情感元素,概念的概念可以进行实证分析。重点不是具体政策的实施,而是一体化治理概念基础的谈判过程。以下批判性话语分析阐述了“宪法爱国主义”和“文化”的核心方面它追溯了它们的产生和特征,从而揭示了不同的历史背景和行动者的政治利益如何影响概念的产生和传播。此外,它还展示了以前对立的立场是如何趋同的,强调了思维过程对不断变化的治理趋势的影响。随后,文化种族主义和霸权、宗教和“价值观”以及情感政治的固有因素被批判性地讨论为发展关于融合的非殖民化思想的障碍。因此,人们普遍认为爱国主义和民族自豪感是成功融合的基础,这一点受到质疑。结论表明,共和主义成分的影响力正随着一体化的个体化、家长化和非政治化的趋势而增强。共同的认知和情感理念旨在确保对民主的支持,但必须严格观察这些政策本身表现出不民主倾向的程度。因此,所研究的两个概念不适合或仅部分适合于促进社会可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
The genealogy of integrationism: Ideational foundations of the politics of immigrant integration 融合主义的谱系:移民融合政治的观念基础
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1125012
Iva Dodevska
This article traces the idea of (“immigrant”) “integration” from its roots in classical political philosophy and the birth of the modern nation-state, to its current relevance in the European political agenda and, relatedly, its centrality in the newly consolidated field of Migration Studies. I examine the ontological (i.e., philosophical and sociological) and political rationales behind the idea that migrants need to “integrate into society”, and the different varieties of political solutions that are offered in this sense. The paper asks: How did the migrant come at the center of the idea of an integrated society? And how did integrationism become consolidated as the hegemonic idea of governing diverse societies in post-migration contexts in Europe? Employing an extensive list of secondary literature, documentary data, policy analysis of the EU-level Framework on migrant integration, and discourse analysis of integration-related research publications, I attempt a genealogy of the idea of “integration” as it traveled across the North Atlantic West and between academia and government. The paper shows how the production of the subject of integration—the misfit “immigrant” figure—is historically marked by a consensus across the learned and the governing elites that identifies the preservation of a homogenous national social order as a societal goal. I argue that the scientification of integration governance via the “evidence-based policy” paradigm (most notably promoted by EU institutions) normalizes, naturalizes and aims to depoliticize the otherwise highly normative and contested question of migrant integration.
本文追溯了(“移民”)“一体化”的概念,从其根源于古典政治哲学和现代民族国家的诞生,到其目前在欧洲政治议程中的相关性,以及其在新整合的移民研究领域中的中心地位。我研究了移民需要“融入社会”这一想法背后的本体论(即哲学和社会学)和政治理性,以及在这个意义上提供的各种不同的政治解决方案。论文问道:移民是如何成为一体化社会理念的核心的?在欧洲移民后的背景下,一体化主义是如何被巩固为治理不同社会的霸权思想的?利用大量的二次文献、文献数据、欧盟层面移民融合框架的政策分析以及与融合相关的研究出版物的话语分析,我试图对“融合”的概念进行谱系分析,因为它跨越了北大西洋西部,在学术界和政府之间传播。这篇论文展示了融合主题——这个格格不入的“移民”形象——的产生在历史上是如何以学术界和执政精英的共识为标志的,他们将维护同质的国家社会秩序视为社会目标。我认为,通过“循证政策”范式(最显著的是由欧盟机构推动的)实现一体化治理的科学化,使原本高度规范和有争议的移民一体化问题正常化、自然化,并旨在使其非政治化。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: The function of stories in hostile asylum regimes 社论:故事在敌对庇护制度中的作用
Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2023.1142402
Stephen Collis
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引用次数: 0
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