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A critical review of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems: Degradation mechanisms and removing strategies 水生生态系统中的微塑料评述:降解机制和清除策略
IF 12.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100427
Sameh S. Ali , Tamer Elsamahy , Rania Al-Tohamy , Jianzhong Sun

Plastic waste discarded into aquatic environments gradually degrades into smaller fragments, known as microplastics (MPs), which range in size from 0.05 to 5 mm. The ubiquity of MPs poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and, by extension, human health, as these particles are ingested by various marine organisms including zooplankton, crustaceans, and fish, eventually entering the human food chain. This contamination threatens the entire ecological balance, encompassing food safety and the health of aquatic systems. Consequently, developing effective MP removal technologies has emerged as a critical area of research. Here, we summarize the mechanisms and recently reported strategies for removing MPs from aquatic ecosystems. Strategies combining physical and chemical pretreatments with microbial degradation have shown promise in decomposing MPs. Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and specific enzymes are being leveraged in MP remediation efforts. Recent advancements have focused on innovative methods such as membrane bioreactors, synthetic biology, organosilane-based techniques, biofilm-mediated remediation, and nanomaterial-enabled strategies, with nano-enabled technologies demonstrating substantial potential to enhance MP removal efficiency. This review aims to stimulate further innovation in effective MP removal methods, promoting environmental and social well-being.

被丢弃到水生环境中的塑料垃圾会逐渐降解成更小的碎片,即所谓的微塑料(MPs),其大小从 0.05 毫米到 5 毫米不等。微塑料无处不在,对水生生态系统乃至人类健康构成重大威胁,因为这些微粒会被包括浮游动物、甲壳类动物和鱼类在内的各种海洋生物摄入,最终进入人类食物链。这种污染威胁着整个生态平衡,包括食品安全和水生系统的健康。因此,开发有效的 MP 清除技术已成为一个重要的研究领域。在此,我们总结了去除水生生态系统中 MPs 的机制和最新报道的策略。物理和化学预处理与微生物降解相结合的策略在分解 MPs 方面已显示出前景。细菌、真菌、藻类和特定酶等微生物正被用于 MP 的修复工作中。最近的进展主要集中在创新方法上,如膜生物反应器、合成生物学、有机硅技术、生物膜介导的修复以及纳米材料赋能策略,其中纳米赋能技术在提高 MP 清除效率方面表现出巨大的潜力。本综述旨在推动有效去除 MP 方法的进一步创新,促进环境和社会福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Lactate-mediated medium-chain fatty acid production from expired dairy and beverage waste 利用过期乳制品和饮料废料生产乳酸介导的中链脂肪酸
IF 12.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100424
Bin Bian , Wenxiang Zhang , Najiaowa Yu , Wei Yang , Jiajie Xu , Bruce E. Logan , Pascal E. Saikaly

Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products are typically the primary sources of household food waste. Currently, anaerobic digestion is the most used bioprocess for the treatment of food waste with concomitant generation of biogas. However, to achieve a circular carbon economy, the organics in food waste should be converted to new chemicals with higher value than energy. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of medium-chain carboxylic acid (MCCA) production from expired dairy and beverage waste via a chain elongation platform mediated by lactate. In a two-stage fermentation process, the first stage with optimized operational conditions, including varying temperatures and organic loading rates, transformed expired dairy and beverage waste into lactate at a concentration higher than 900 mM C at 43 °C. This lactate was then used to produce >500 mM C caproate and >300 mM C butyrate via microbial chain elongation. Predominantly, lactate-producing microbes such as Lactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were regulated by temperature and could be highly enriched under mesophilic conditions in the first-stage reactor. In the second-stage chain elongation reactor, the dominating microbes were primarily from the genera Megasphaera and Caproiciproducens, shaped by varying feed and inoculum sources. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed positive correlations among species from the genera Caproiciproducens, Ruminococcus, and CAG-352, as well as Megasphaera, Bacteroides, and Solobacterium, indicating strong microbial interactions that enhance caproate production. These findings suggest that producing MCCAs from expired dairy and beverage waste via lactate-mediated chain elongation is a viable method for sustainable waste management and could serve as a chemical production platform in the context of building a circular bioeconomy.

水果、蔬菜和奶制品通常是家庭厨余的主要来源。目前,厌氧消化是处理厨余垃圾并同时产生沼气的最常用生物工艺。然而,为了实现循环碳经济,应该将厨余垃圾中的有机物转化为比能源价值更高的新化学品。在这里,我们展示了通过乳酸盐介导的链延伸平台从过期乳制品和饮料废弃物中生产中链羧酸(MCCA)的可行性。在一个两阶段的发酵过程中,第一阶段采用优化的操作条件(包括不同的温度和有机物负载率),在 43 °C 的条件下将过期乳制品和饮料废料转化为浓度高于 900 mM C 的乳酸。然后,这种乳酸盐通过微生物的链延伸作用被用于生产 500 mM C 的己酸盐和 300 mM C 的丁酸盐。在第一阶段的反应器中,主要是乳酸菌和乳酸酶杆菌等产生乳酸的微生物受温度调节,并可在中嗜酸条件下高度富集。在第二阶段的链延伸反应器中,主要微生物主要来自于 Megasphaera 和 Caproiciproducens 属,并受不同饲料和接种源的影响。共生网络分析显示,Caproiciproducens 属、Ruminococcus 属、CAG-352 属以及 Megasphaera 属、Bacteroides 属和 Solobacterium 属的物种之间存在正相关关系,这表明微生物之间存在很强的相互作用,从而提高了己酸酯的产量。这些研究结果表明,通过乳酸介导的链延伸从过期乳制品和饮料废弃物中生产己二酸二甲酯是一种可持续废物管理的可行方法,并可在建立循环生物经济的背景下作为一种化学品生产平台。
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引用次数: 0
Overlooked interaction between redox-mediator and bisphenol-A in permanganate oxidation 高锰酸盐氧化过程中被忽视的氧化还原介质与双酚 A 之间的相互作用
IF 12.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100421
Honglong Zhang , Qiaoqiao Zhao , Kangbao Zhong , Ruopeng Bai , Jiaojiao Dong , Jun Ma , Jing Zhang , Timothy J. Strathmann

Research efforts on permanganate (Mn(VII)) combined with redox-mediator (RM), have received increasing attention due to their significant performance for bisphenol-A (BPA) removal. However, the mechanisms underpinning BPA degradation remain underexplored. Here we show the overlooked interactions between RM and BPA during permanganate oxidation by introducing an RM—N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI). We discovered that the concurrent generation of MnO2 and phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radical significantly enhances BPA oxidation within the pH range of 5.0–6.0. The detection of radical cross-coupling products between PINO radicals and BPA or its derivatives corroborates the pivotal role of radical cross-coupling in BPA oxidation. Intriguingly, we observed the formation of an NHPI-BPA complex, which undergoes preferential oxidation by Mn(VII), marked by the emergence of an electron-rich domain in NHPI. These findings unveil the underlying mechanisms in the Mn(VII)/RM system and bridge the knowledge gap concerning BPA transformation via complexation. This research paves the way for further exploration into optimizing complexation sites and RM dosage, significantly enhancing the system's efficiency in water treatment applications.

高锰酸盐(Mn(VII))与氧化还原介质(RM)的研究工作因其在去除双酚-A(BPA)方面的显著效果而受到越来越多的关注。然而,人们对双酚 A 降解的机理仍未充分探究。在这里,我们通过引入 RM-N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI),展示了在高锰酸盐氧化过程中 RM 与双酚 A 之间被忽视的相互作用。我们发现,在 pH 值为 5.0-6.0 的范围内,同时生成 MnO2 和邻苯二甲酰亚胺-N-氧自由基(PINO)可显著增强双酚 A 的氧化作用。PINO 自由基与双酚 A 或其衍生物之间的自由基交叉偶联产物的检测证实了自由基交叉偶联在双酚 A 氧化过程中的关键作用。耐人寻味的是,我们观察到 NHPI-BPA 复合物的形成,该复合物会优先被 Mn(VII)氧化,其标志是 NHPI 中出现了一个富电子域。这些发现揭示了 Mn(VII)/RM 系统的基本机制,弥补了有关双酚 A 通过络合转化的知识空白。这项研究为进一步探索优化络合位点和 RM 用量铺平了道路,从而大大提高了该系统在水处理应用中的效率。
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引用次数: 0
PAHs removal by soil washing with thiacalix[4]arene tetrasulfonate 用硫杂六[4]炔四磺酸盐冲洗土壤去除多环芳烃
IF 12.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100422
Le-Yao Xing , Guan-Han Meng , Ji-Xian Yang , Ming-Han Xu , Yi-Ming Xu , Hai-Xiao Xie , Ai-Jie Wang , Yi-Lu Sun

Remediating soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) presents a significant environmental challenge due to their toxic and carcinogenic properties. Traditional PAHs remediation methods—chemical, thermal, and bioremediation—along with conventional soil-washing agents like surfactants and cyclodextrins face challenges of cost, ecological harm, and inefficiency. Here we show an effective and environmentally friendly calixarene derivative for PAHs removal through soil washing. Thiacalix[4]arene tetrasulfonate (TCAS) has a unique molecular structure of a sulfonate group and a sulfur atom, which enhances its solubility and facilitates selective binding with PAHs. It forms host-guest complexes with PAHs through π-π stacking, OH-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic interactions. These interactions enable partial encapsulation of PAH molecules, aiding their desorption from the soil matrix. Our results show that a 0.7% solution of TCAS can extract approximately 50% of PAHs from contaminated soil while preserving soil nutrients and minimizing adverse environmental effects. This research unveils the pioneering application of TCAS in removing PAHs from contaminated soil, marking a transformative advancement in resource-efficient and sustainable soil remediation strategies.

由于多环芳烃(PAHs)具有毒性和致癌性,如何修复受其污染的土壤是一项重大的环境挑战。传统的多环芳烃修复方法--化学修复、热修复和生物修复--以及传统的土壤清洗剂(如表面活性剂和环糊精)都面临着成本高、生态危害大和效率低的挑战。在这里,我们展示了一种通过土壤洗涤去除多环芳烃的有效且环保的钙烯烃衍生物。硫杂菖蒲[4]炔四磺酸盐(TCAS)具有独特的分子结构,由一个磺酸基团和一个硫原子组成,这增强了它的溶解性,有利于与多环芳烃的选择性结合。它通过 π-π 堆叠、OH-π 相互作用、氢键、范德华力和静电作用与 PAHs 形成主客复合物。这些相互作用使得多环芳烃分子被部分包裹,有助于它们从土壤基质中解吸出来。我们的研究结果表明,0.7% 的 TCAS 溶液可以从受污染的土壤中萃取约 50% 的多环芳烃,同时保留土壤养分,最大限度地减少对环境的不利影响。这项研究揭示了 TCAS 在去除受污染土壤中多环芳烃方面的开创性应用,标志着资源节约型和可持续土壤修复战略的变革性进步。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating a river's ecological health: A multidimensional approach 评估河流的生态健康:多维方法
IF 12.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100423
Qiuyun Zhao , Yangyang Zhang , Xiuwen Li , Xiaodong Hu , Rui Huang , Jixiong Xu , Zilong Yin , Xinjie Gu , Yuncheng Xu , Jinbao Yin , Qing Zhou , Aimin Li , Peng Shi

Evaluating the health of river surface water is essential, as rivers support significant biological resources and serve as vital drinking water sources. While the Water Quality Index (WQI) is commonly employed to evaluate surface water quality, it fails to consider biodiversity and does not fully capture the ecological health of rivers. Here we show a comprehensive assessment of the ecological health of surface water in the lower Yangtze River (LYR), integrating chemical and biological metrics. According to traditional WQI metrics, the LYR's surface water generally meets China's Class II standards. However, it also contains 43 high-risk emerging contaminants; nitrobenzenes are found at the highest concentrations, representing 25–90% of total detections, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present the most substantial environmental risks, accounting for 81–93% of the total risk quotient. Notably, the plankton-based index of biological integrity (P-IBI) rates the ecological health of the majority of LYR water samples (59.7%) as ‘fair’, with significantly better health observed in autumn compared to other seasons (p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that including emerging contaminants and P-IBI as additional metrics can enhance the traditional WQI analysis in evaluating surface water's ecological health. These results highlight the need for a multidimensional assessment approach and call for improvements to LYR's ecological health, focusing on emerging contaminants and biodiversity rather than solely on reducing conventional indicators.

评估河流地表水的健康状况至关重要,因为河流支撑着重要的生物资源,也是重要的饮用水源。虽然水质指数(WQI)通常被用来评估地表水水质,但它没有考虑生物多样性,不能全面反映河流的生态健康状况。在这里,我们展示了一种综合了化学和生物指标的长江下游地表水生态健康综合评估方法。根据传统的水质指数指标,涟水地表水总体上符合中国的二类标准。其中,硝基苯类的浓度最高,占总检测量的 25-90%,多环芳烃类的环境风险最大,占总风险商数的 81-93%。值得注意的是,基于浮游生物的生物完整性指数(P-IBI)将大多数涟水水样(59.7%)的生态健康状况评为 "一般",与其他季节相比,秋季的健康状况明显较好(p < 0.01)。我们的研究结果表明,在评估地表水生态健康状况时,将新出现的污染物和 P-IBI 作为附加指标可增强传统的 WQI 分析。这些结果突显了采用多维评估方法的必要性,并呼吁改善涟水的生态健康状况,重点关注新出现的污染物和生物多样性,而不是仅仅减少传统指标。
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引用次数: 0
Biochar-based composites for removing chlorinated organic pollutants: Applications, mechanisms, and perspectives 基于生物炭的复合材料用于去除氯化有机污染物:应用、机制和前景
IF 12.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100420
Qingqing Song , Fanying Kong , Bing-Feng Liu , Xueting Song , Hong-Yu Ren

Chlorinated organic pollutants constitute a significant category of persistent organic pollutants due to their widespread presence in the environment, which is primarily attributed to the expansion of agricultural and industrial activities. These pollutants are characterized by their persistence, potent toxicity, and capability for long-range dispersion, emphasizing the importance of their eradication to mitigate environmental pollution. While conventional methods for removing chlorinated organic pollutants encompass advanced oxidation, catalytic oxidation, and bioremediation, the utilization of biochar has emerged as a prominent green and efficacious method in recent years. Here we review biochar's role in remediating typical chlorinated organics, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), triclosan (TCS), trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and chlorobenzenes (CBs). We focus on the impact of biochar material properties on the adsorption mechanisms of chlorinated organics. This review highlights the use of biochar as a sustainable and eco-friendly method for removing chlorinated organic pollutants, especially when combined with biological or chemical strategies. Biochar facilitates electron transfer efficiency between microorganisms, promoting the growth of dechlorinating bacteria and mitigating the toxicity of chlorinated organics through adsorption. Furthermore, biochar can activate processes such as advanced oxidation or nano zero-valent iron, generating free radicals to decompose chlorinated organic compounds. We observe a broader application of biochar and bioprocesses for treating chlorinated organic pollutants in soil, reducing environmental impacts. Conversely, for water-based pollutants, integrating biochar with chemical methods proved more effective, leading to superior purification results. This review contributes to the theoretical and practical application of biochar for removing environmental chlorinated organic pollutants.

氯化有机污染物是一类重要的持久性有机污染物,因为它们在环境中广泛存在,这主要归因于农业和工业活动的扩张。这些污染物的特点是具有持久性、剧毒性和远距离扩散能力,强调了消除这些污染物以减轻环境污染的重要性。去除氯化有机污染物的传统方法包括高级氧化法、催化氧化法和生物修复法,而生物炭的利用近年来已成为一种突出的绿色高效方法。在此,我们回顾了生物炭在修复典型氯化有机物方面的作用,包括多氯联苯(PCB)、三氯生(TCS)、三氯乙烯(TCE)、四氯乙烯(PCE)、有机氯农药(OCP)和氯苯(CB)。我们重点关注生物炭材料特性对氯化有机物吸附机制的影响。本综述强调了生物炭作为一种可持续和生态友好型方法在去除氯化有机污染物方面的应用,尤其是在与生物或化学策略相结合时。生物炭有助于提高微生物之间的电子传递效率,促进除氯细菌的生长,并通过吸附作用减轻氯化有机物的毒性。此外,生物炭还能激活高级氧化或纳米零价铁等过程,产生自由基以分解氯化有机化合物。我们观察到,生物炭和生物工艺在处理土壤中的氯化有机污染物方面有更广泛的应用,从而减少了对环境的影响。相反,对于水基污染物,生物炭与化学方法的结合被证明更为有效,可带来更优越的净化效果。本综述有助于生物炭在去除环境氯化有机污染物方面的理论和实际应用。
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引用次数: 0
Deep learning-based detection of indicator species for monitoring biodiversity in semi-natural grasslands 基于深度学习的指标物种检测,用于监测半自然草地的生物多样性
IF 12.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100419
Deepak H. Basavegowda , Inga Schleip , Paul Mosebach , Cornelia Weltzien

Deep learning (DL) has huge potential to provide valuable insights into biodiversity changes in species-rich agricultural ecosystems such as semi-natural grasslands, helping to prioritize and plan conservation efforts. However, DL has been underexplored in grassland conservation efforts, hindered by data scarcity, intricate ecosystem interactions, and limited economic incentives. Here, we developed a DL-based object-detection model to identify indicator species, a group of vascular plant species that serve as surrogates for biodiversity assessment in high nature value (HNV) grasslands. We selected indicator species Armeria maritima, Campanula patula, Cirsium oleraceum, and Daucus carota. To overcome the hurdle of limited data, we grew indicator plants under controlled greenhouse conditions, generating a sufficient dataset for DL model training. The model was initially trained on this greenhouse dataset. Then, smaller datasets derived from an experimental grassland plot and natural grasslands were added to the training to facilitate the transition from greenhouse to field conditions. Our optimized model achieved remarkable average precision (AP) on test datasets, with 98.6 AP50 on greenhouse data, 98.2 AP50 on experimental grassland data, and 96.5 AP50 on semi-natural grassland data. Our findings highlight the innovative application of greenhouse-grown specimens for the in-situ identification of plants, bolstering biodiversity monitoring in grassland ecosystems. Furthermore, the study illuminates the promising role of DL techniques in conservation programs, particularly as a monitoring tool to support result-based agri-environment schemes.

深度学习(DL)具有巨大的潜力,可以为物种丰富的农业生态系统(如半自然草地)的生物多样性变化提供有价值的见解,帮助确定保护工作的优先次序和计划。然而,由于数据稀缺、错综复杂的生态系统相互作用以及有限的经济激励措施,DL 在草原保护工作中的应用还不够充分。在这里,我们开发了一种基于 DL 的目标检测模型来识别指示物种,这是一组维管植物物种,可作为高自然价值(HNV)草原生物多样性评估的替代物。我们选取了指标物种 Armeria maritima、Campanula patula、Cirsium oleraceum 和 Daucus carota。为了克服数据有限的障碍,我们在受控温室条件下种植了指示植物,为 DL 模型训练提供了充足的数据集。模型最初就是在温室数据集上训练的。然后,从实验草地和天然草地中获得的较小数据集也被添加到训练中,以促进从温室到野外条件的过渡。我们的优化模型在测试数据集上取得了显著的平均精度(AP),温室数据的 AP50 为 98.6,实验草地数据的 AP50 为 98.2,半天然草地数据的 AP50 为 96.5。我们的研究结果突显了温室种植标本在植物原位鉴定中的创新应用,从而加强了对草原生态系统生物多样性的监测。此外,这项研究还揭示了 DL 技术在保护计划中大有可为的作用,特别是作为支持基于结果的农业环境计划的监测工具。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological filter walls for efficient pollutant removal from urban surface water 高效去除城市地表水污染物的生态过滤墙
IF 12.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100418
Menglong Liao , Ye Qiu , Yan Tian , Zeng Li , Tongtong liu , Xinlei Feng , Guohong Liu , Yujie Feng

Urban surface water pollution poses significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Conventional nitrogen removal technologies used in urban surface water exhibit drawbacks such as high consumption of carbon sources, high sludge production, and focus on dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration while neglecting the impact of DO gradients. Here, we show an ecological filter walls (EFW) that removes pollutants from urban surface water. We utilized a polymer-based three-dimensional matrix to enhance water permeability, and emergent plants were integrated into the EFW to facilitate biofilm formation. We observed that varying aeration intensities within the EFW's aerobic zone resulted in distinct DO gradients, with an optimal DO control at 3.19 ± 0.2 mg L−1 achieving superior nitrogen removal efficiencies. Specifically, the removal efficiencies of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrate were 79.4%, 81.3%, 99.6%, and 79.1%, respectively. Microbial community analysis under a 3 mg L−1 DO condition revealed a shift in microbial composition and abundance, with genera such as Dechloromonas, Acinetobacter, unclassified_f__Comamonadaceae, SM1A02 and Pseudomonas playing pivotal roles in carbon and nitrogen elimination. Notably, the EFW facilitated shortcut nitrification-denitrification processes, predominantly contributing to nitrogen removal. Considering low manufacturing cost, flexible application, small artificial trace, and good pollutant removal ability, EFW has promising potential as an innovative approach to urban surface water treatment.

城市地表水污染对水生生态系统和人类健康构成重大威胁。用于城市地表水的传统脱氮技术存在一些弊端,如碳源消耗大、污泥产量高,以及只关注溶解氧(DO)浓度而忽视溶解氧梯度的影响。在这里,我们展示了一种能去除城市地表水中污染物的生态过滤墙(EFW)。我们利用基于聚合物的三维基质来提高水的渗透性,并将挺水植物融入 EFW 以促进生物膜的形成。我们观察到,EFW 好氧区不同的曝气强度会产生不同的溶解氧梯度,最佳溶解氧控制在 3.19 ± 0.2 mg L-1 时,氮去除效率更高。具体来说,总有机碳、总氮、氨氮和硝酸盐的去除率分别为 79.4%、81.3%、99.6% 和 79.1%。在 3 mg L-1 DO 条件下进行的微生物群落分析表明,微生物的组成和丰度发生了变化,脱氯单胞菌属、醋氨单胞菌属、未分类___科罗马菌属、SM1A02 和假单胞菌属等在碳和氮的去除中发挥了关键作用。值得注意的是,EFW 促进了硝化-反硝化过程的快速进行,对脱氮做出了主要贡献。考虑到制造成本低、应用灵活、人工痕迹小以及良好的污染物去除能力,EFW 作为一种创新的城市地表水处理方法具有广阔的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Gut pathobiome mediates behavioral and developmental disorders in biotoxin-exposed amphibians 肠道病原生物群介导暴露于生物毒素的两栖动物的行为和发育障碍
IF 12.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100415
Qianqian Pan , Tianxing Lv , Haorong Xu , Hongda Fang , Meng Li , Jiaping Zhu , Yue Wang , Xiaoyan Fan , Ping Xu , Xiuguo Wang , Qiangwei Wang , Haruna Matsumoto , Mengcen Wang

Emerging evidence suggests a link between alterations in the gut microbiome and adverse health outcomes in the hosts exposed to environmental pollutants. Yet, the causal relationships and underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. Here we show that exposure to biotoxins can affect gut pathobiome assembly in amphibians, which in turn triggers the toxicity of exogenous pollutants. We used Xenopus laevis as a model in this study. Tadpoles exposed to tropolone demonstrated notable developmental impairments and increased locomotor activity, with a reduction in total length by 4.37%–22.48% and an increase in swimming speed by 49.96%–84.83%. Fusobacterium and Cetobacterium are predominant taxa in the gut pathobiome of tropolone-exposed tadpoles. The tropolone-induced developmental and behavioral disorders in the host were mediated by assembly of the gut pathobiome, leading to transcriptome reprogramming. This study not only advances our understanding of the intricate interactions between environmental pollutants, the gut pathobiome, and host health but also emphasizes the potential of the gut pathobiome in mediating the toxicological effects of environmental contaminants.

新的证据表明,肠道微生物组的改变与暴露于环境污染物的宿主的不良健康结果之间存在联系。然而,其中的因果关系和内在机制在很大程度上仍未确定。在这里,我们发现暴露于生物毒素会影响两栖动物肠道病原生物群的组合,进而引发外源污染物的毒性。在这项研究中,我们使用爪蟾作为模型。暴露于他洛波龙的蝌蚪表现出明显的发育障碍和运动活动增加,总长度减少了4.37%-22.48%,游泳速度增加了49.96%-84.83%。Fusobacterium和Cetobacterium是暴露于tropolone的蝌蚪肠道病原生物群中的主要分类群。肠道病原生物群的集合导致转录组的重编程,从而介导了宿主的发育和行为紊乱。这项研究不仅加深了我们对环境污染物、肠道病原生物群和宿主健康之间错综复杂的相互作用的理解,还强调了肠道病原生物群在介导环境污染物毒理效应方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Nonmetallic modified zero-valent iron for remediating halogenated organic compounds and heavy metals: A comprehensive review 用于修复卤代有机化合物和重金属的非金属改性零价铁:全面综述
IF 12.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100417
Zimin Yan , Jia Ouyang , Bin Wu , Chenchen Liu , Hongcheng Wang , Aijie Wang , Zhiling Li

Zero Valent Iron (ZVI), an ideal reductant treating persistent pollutants, is hampered by issues like corrosion, passivation, and suboptimal utilization. Recent advancements in nonmetallic modified ZVI (NM-ZVI) show promising potential in circumventing these challenges by modifying ZVI's surface and internal physicochemical properties. Despite its promise, a thorough synthesis of research advancements in this domain remains elusive. Here we review the innovative methodologies, regulatory principles, and reduction-centric mechanisms underpinning NM-ZVI's effectiveness against two prevalent persistent pollutants: halogenated organic compounds and heavy metals. We start by evaluating different nonmetallic modification techniques, such as liquid-phase reduction, mechanical ball milling, and pyrolysis, and their respective advantages. The discussion progresses towards a critical analysis of current strategies and mechanisms used for NM-ZVI to enhance its reactivity, electron selectivity, and electron utilization efficiency. This is achieved by optimizing the elemental compositions, content ratios, lattice constants, hydrophobicity, and conductivity. Furthermore, we propose novel approaches for augmenting NM-ZVI's capability to address complex pollution challenges. This review highlights NM-ZVI's potential as an alternative to remediate water environments contaminated with halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals, contributing to the broader discourse on green remediation technologies.

零价铁(ZVI)是一种处理持久性污染物的理想还原剂,但却受到腐蚀、钝化和未充分利用等问题的阻碍。非金属改性 ZVI(NM-ZVI)的最新进展表明,通过改变 ZVI 的表面和内部物理化学特性,有望规避这些挑战。尽管前景广阔,但对这一领域研究进展的全面综述仍然遥遥无期。在此,我们回顾了创新方法、监管原则以及以还原为中心的机制,这些都是 NM-ZVI 有效对抗卤代有机化合物和重金属这两种普遍存在的持久性污染物的基础。我们首先评估了不同的非金属改性技术,如液相还原、机械球磨和热解,以及它们各自的优势。接下来,我们将对当前用于 NM-ZVI 的策略和机制进行批判性分析,以提高其反应活性、电子选择性和电子利用效率。这是通过优化元素组成、含量比、晶格常数、疏水性和导电性来实现的。此外,我们还提出了增强 NM-ZVI 能力的新方法,以应对复杂的污染挑战。本综述强调了 NM-ZVI 作为补救受卤代有机化合物或重金属污染的水环境的替代品的潜力,为更广泛地讨论绿色补救技术做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology
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