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Sandstone Reservoir Assessment of Nukhul Formation Using Well logging Analysis, Eastern Gulf of Suez, Egypt 利用测井分析评价埃及苏伊士湾东部Nukhul组砂岩储层
Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.146311.1133
Abeer A. Abuhagaza
The Nukhul Formation in Abu Rudeis Marine Field is regarded as one of the most important oil production reservoirs in the Gulf of Suez. Abu Rudeis Marine Field is an oil producing field located on the eastern side of the Gulf of Suez. The present study deals with the petrophysical examination of Nukhul Formation in Abu Rudeis Marine Field by using well logging data for four wells. The studied formation was classified into three units (A, B, C) according to the hydrocarbon potentiality. The lithology of three units was examined using logging parameter cross plots, and petrophysical parameters such as shale volume, effective porosity, and water saturation were calculated. The neutron/density and lithosaturation cross plots reveal that the main lithology of the three units are sandstone with shale intercalations and sometimes limestone at the lower part of Nukhul Formation for example ARM-21 well, in addition to Thomas Stieber cross plot for the shale type investigation was applied. The qualitative interpretation of the well logging data for the investigated wells identified three intervals with good petrophysical parameters and the capacity to store and produce oil.
Abu Rudeis海上油田Nukhul组被认为是苏伊士湾最重要的产油层之一。Abu Rudeis海上油田是位于苏伊士湾东侧的一个油田。利用4口井的测井资料,对Abu Rudeis海相油田Nukhul组进行了岩石物理检查。根据含油气潜力,将储层划分为A、B、C三个单元。利用测井参数交叉图对三个单元的岩性进行了研究,并计算了页岩体积、有效孔隙度和含水饱和度等岩石物理参数。中子/密度和岩石饱和度交叉图显示,三个单元的主要岩性为砂岩,夹层为页岩,有时在Nukhul组下部为灰岩,例如ARM-21井,此外还应用了Thomas Stieber交叉图进行页岩类型调查。通过对所研究井测井资料的定性解释,确定了三个具有良好岩石物性参数和储采能力的层段。
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引用次数: 0
Co-processing of Algae Hydrothermal Liquidation of Oil with VGO via Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Process Simulation and Optimization 流体催化裂化油与VGO共处理藻类水热液化过程模拟与优化
Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.151769.1135
Naser Elmoghazy, Eman Abdel Wahab
Biofuels are expected to play a vital role in decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and facilitating the progressive transition from fossil fuels, resulting in low-carbon, high-sustainability fuels. The inclusion of biofuel sources into conventional petroleum refineries is gaining interest due to the increased crude oil prices, environmental concerns, and the necessity to maintain an energy supply. Processing alternative feedstocks would not necessitate substantial capital investments because refineries already have a well-established infrastructure for creating fuels and basic chemicals. There are several technological obstacles when converting bio-oil to transportation fuel on a large scale. The sensitivity analysis was used to confirm the improved simulation result, then compared to an experimental result from the literature. The effect of reactor temperature on feed conversion and product yield, mainly naphtha, light cycle oil (LCO), and fuel gas, was investigated. Furthermore, the effectiveness of various algae-hydrothermal liquefaction (AHTLO) mix ratios with VGO, ranging from 5, 10, and 15 wt%, was investigated. Moreover, a study was conducted on optimizing riser output temperatures and feed mass ratios to maximize the total naphtha and LCO or naphtha and LPG output and increase the production capacity. It was found that as the ratio of AHTLO increased, the conversion of all products and fuel gas yield decreased while the LCO increased. However, there was no discernible variation in the ratio of Naphtha.
生物燃料有望在减少温室气体排放和促进从化石燃料逐步过渡到低碳、高可持续性燃料方面发挥至关重要的作用。由于原油价格上涨、环境问题以及维持能源供应的必要性,将生物燃料纳入常规炼油厂正引起人们的兴趣。加工替代原料不需要大量的资本投资,因为炼油厂已经有了完善的基础设施来生产燃料和基本化学品。将生物油大规模转化为运输燃料存在一些技术障碍。利用灵敏度分析对改进后的仿真结果进行了验证,并与文献中的实验结果进行了比较。研究了反应器温度对原料转化率和产品收率(主要是石脑油、轻循环油和燃料气)的影响。此外,还研究了各种藻类-水热液化(AHTLO)与VGO的混合比例(5%、10%和15% wt%)的有效性。此外,还研究了优化立管输出温度和进料质量比,以最大限度地提高石脑油和LCO总产量或石脑油和LPG总产量,提高生产能力。结果表明,随着AHTLO比例的增加,各产物转化率和燃料气产率均降低,LCO增加。然而,石脑油的比例没有明显的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Petroleum System Elements of the Amana Oil Field, East Abu Gharadig Basin, Western Desert, Egypt 埃及西部沙漠东阿布加拉迪盆地Amana油田油气系统要素分析
Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.125833.1117
M. Abu-Hashish, Mohamed M. Abouelhassan, Ahmed Said
The petroleum system elements that include source rocks, paths of hydrocarbon migration, reservoirs types, hydrocarbon traps, and seal rocks are essential in characterizing the hydrocarbon accumulation in the sedimentary basins. However, each part of these elements may be of different age and formed in different environment but these elements must meet in space and time in one petroleum system. The available well log and core data for some wells in the Amana oil field were used to perform a comprehensive petrophysical evaluation of the Abu Roach G Member. The evaluation of petroleum system elements in the Amana field shows that the source rock is the Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation, which was deposited in a transitional environment. It comprises an oil and gas-prone organic matter (type II/III kerogen), that is believed to have entered the oil window defined by 0.6% vitrinite reflectance (Ro). The Interpretation of the available log data was used to evaluate the penetrated rock units in Amana field. The middle zone of the Abu Roash G Member which is sealed laterally at the top by shale intercalations in the Abu Roash G Member and by the Abu Roash F massive carbonates in other areas.
烃源岩、油气运移路径、储集层类型、油气圈闭和封盖岩等油气系统要素是表征沉积盆地油气成藏的基本要素。然而,这些元素的每一部分的年龄和形成环境可能不同,但它们必须在空间和时间上在一个含油气系统中相遇。利用Amana油田部分井的测井资料和岩心资料,对Abu Roach G段进行了全面的岩石物性评价。阿马纳油田油气系统要素评价表明,烃源岩为中侏罗统哈塔塔巴组,形成于过渡性环境。它包含一种易产油气的有机质(II/III型干酪根),根据0.6%的镜质组反射率(Ro),该有机质被认为已经进入了含油窗口。利用现有测井资料的解释,对Amana油田的渗透岩单元进行了评价。Abu Roash G段中部,顶部侧向被Abu Roash G段的页岩夹层和其他地区的Abu Roash F块状碳酸盐岩封闭。
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引用次数: 0
Current Theories and Concepts for the Determination of Roof Loading over the Hydraulic Supports in Longwall Faces 长壁工作面液压支架顶板载荷确定的理论与概念
Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.122193.1112
Peter Emad Haroon, M. Heshmat, S. Imbaby, A. Ibrahim
Underground mining of ores affects in-situ rock conditions, resulting in a sequence of strata motions. Roof rock pressure, which is the basis of all ground control issues, is caused by these instabilities. The hydraulic supports are subjected to excessive stress due to the roof rock pressure. The correct forecast of Rock Roof Loading (RRL) provides longwall face stability during ore exploitation, allowing the hydraulic supports to move more freely. This paper presents some of the current theories, approaches, and concepts for the determination of roof loading on longwall faces, with emphasis on the current gaps. This could improve the ability to manage the roof during mining workings, and govern the roof loading conditions and the supporting system. From this study, it can be seen that the periodic weighting of the main roof is an important aspect in the determination of loading requirements. Moreover, many loading calculation methods failed to take into consideration the swelling pressure of immediate roof rocks, and the tilting of the main roof blocks, which exert excessive loads on the supporting systems.
地下开采矿石会影响原位岩石条件,导致一系列地层运动。顶板岩石压力是所有地面控制问题的基础,是由这些不稳定性引起的。由于顶板岩石压力,液压支架承受过大的应力。岩石顶板荷载(RRL)的正确预测在矿石开采过程中提供了长壁工作面的稳定性,使液压支架能够更自由地移动。本文介绍了目前确定长壁工作面顶板荷载的一些理论、方法和概念,重点介绍了目前的差距。这可以提高开采过程中管理顶板的能力,并控制顶板荷载条件和支撑系统。从这项研究中可以看出,主屋顶的周期性称重是确定荷载要求的一个重要方面。此外,许多荷载计算方法都没有考虑到直接顶板岩石的膨胀压力和主要顶板块体的倾斜,这对支撑系统施加了过大的荷载。
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引用次数: 0
Modern Decline Curve Analysis of Unconventional Reservoirs: A Comparative Study Using Actual Data 非常规油藏现代递减曲线分析——基于实际数据的对比研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.128147.1123
Ali Wahba, H. Khattab, M. Tantawy, A. Gawish
Petroleum consumption increases around the world and production of conventional reservoirs can’t cover the increased demand. So, producing unconventional resources is an imperative necessity. Unconventional resources are characterized by very low permeability. Drilling horizontal wells in these resources and completed them with multiple hydraulic fractures make the reservoir. Hydraulic fractures work as paths for hydrocarbon to flow toward the wellbore to achieve an economic production rate. Production behaviour of these wells is characterized by long-term transient flow followed by boundary-dominated flow. Many decline curve analysis models have been developed to simulate this behaviour, but none of them can capture all flow-regime types. This paper reviewed the most popular and used decline curve analysis models: Arps model, power-law exponential model, stretched exponential production decline model, T-model, logistic growth model, Duong model, Yu-Miocevic model and extended exponential decline curve. This paper summarized the origins, derivations and assumptions of these eight models. This paper also presents a comparative study of these models using production data from unconventional gas and oil reservoirs. To facilitate conducting this study, the eight decline curve analysis models were programmed in a software application written in python language. This software application calibrated models’ parameters to production data using trust region reflective algorithm. The value of estimated ultimate recovery predicted using this software application is consistent with that predicted using the linear flow analysis model. The comparative study can serve as a guideline for petroleum engineers to determine when to use each model.
世界各地的石油消耗量都在增加,传统油藏的产量无法满足日益增长的需求。因此,生产非常规资源势在必行。非常规资源的特点是渗透率非常低。在这些资源中钻探水平井,并在多条水力裂缝中完成,形成了储层。水力压裂作为碳氢化合物流向井筒以实现经济生产率的路径。这些井的生产行为的特征是长期瞬态流动,然后是边界主导流动。已经开发了许多下降曲线分析模型来模拟这种行为,但没有一个能够捕捉到所有的流态类型。本文综述了最常用和最常用的递减曲线分析模型:Arps模型、幂律指数模型、拉伸指数产量递减模型、T模型、logistic增长模型、Duong模型、Yu-Miocevic模型和扩展指数递减曲线。本文概述了这八个模型的起源、推导和假设。本文还利用非常规气藏和油藏的生产数据对这些模型进行了比较研究。为了便于进行这项研究,在用python语言编写的软件应用程序中对八个下降曲线分析模型进行了编程。该软件应用程序使用信任区域反射算法将模型参数校准为生产数据。使用该软件应用程序预测的估计最终采收率的值与使用线性流量分析模型预测的值一致。比较研究可以作为石油工程师确定何时使用每种模型的指南。
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引用次数: 3
Comparative Studies on the Grindability of Some Ore Minerals 几种矿石可磨性的比较研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.127156.1120
Abdelzaher Abouzeid, A. Seifelnassr, G. Abdalla, Younis Mustafa, A. Ibrahim
Comminution tests are a vital element in the proper design of mineral processing plants. Several grindability tests have been developed over the years for different applications and each test has its strengths and weaknesses. Among test methodologies considered, is the universally accepted high-pressure grinding roller (HPGR) test procedures based on small-scale tests. The present work has been carried out to compare the grinding characteristics of different ore minerals. It was observed that all tested minerals, (quartz, chromite, marble, hematite, magnesite, dolomite) showed a general similar trend while being compressed. Moreover, because those minerals have wide differences in their mineralogical, physical, and mechanical properties they have different comminution behaviour under compression. The consumed energy as well as the reduction ratios are affected by the mineral hardness. The percentage product at a certain cut-size was found to be proportional to the expended energy for each mineral. A convenient grindability index under compression has been suggested as the specific productivity, in ton/kWh. This index is quite sensitive to the material hardness.
粉碎试验是合理设计选矿设备的一个重要因素。多年来,针对不同的应用开发了几种可磨性测试,每种测试都有其优缺点。在考虑的测试方法中,普遍接受的是基于小规模试验的高压磨辊(HPGR)测试方法。本文对不同矿石的磨矿特性进行了比较。所有被测矿物(石英、铬铁矿、大理石、赤铁矿、菱镁矿、白云石)在压缩过程中均表现出大致相同的趋势。此外,由于这些矿物在矿物学、物理和机械性质上有很大的差异,它们在压缩下的粉碎行为也不同。消耗的能量和还原率受矿物硬度的影响。在一定切割尺寸下的百分比产物被发现与每种矿物消耗的能量成正比。提出了一种简便的压缩可磨性指标,以吨/千瓦时为单位作为比生产率。这个指标对材料的硬度很敏感。
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引用次数: 0
Water Compatibility Study: Detecting Souring Potential 水相容性研究:探测Souring电位
Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.115523.1110
N. Ogolo, Pascal Ugwu, Imo Ukut, Martins Otokpa, M. Onyekonwu
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引用次数: 0
Adjusting Relative Permeability Measurements to History Match Water Production in Dynamic Simulation Models 在动态模拟模型中调整相对渗透率测量以匹配历史产水
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.134035.1129
Mohsen Elnoby, Ahmed S. Zakaria, Adel A. S. Salem
Most of field development plans need a countable simulation model. Simulation models are considered dependable when they match all aspects of the field’s history -performance. This is achieved by matching pressure data and production phases of oil, water and gas production and injection. Many factors affect the process of history match. The most important factor is the relative permeability, which affects the partial flow of fluid phases through rock conduits. Measuring relative permeability and adjusting it to be included in simulation model is our focus in this work. Field ’X’ is in our interest in this study. The field is under of water flooding implementation. After water-floodi ng project has been started, field ‘X’ suffered from high water cut (W.C) rates in large oil producers and low oil production rates. This urged to restudy the field and consequently we needed to build a full simulation model with a proper history-match. Special Core Analysis test with unsteady-state displacement experiment for relative permeability measurement has been performed for well ‘X - 4’. In this paper, we will show you how to process relative permeability data and adjust them to be introduced into simulation model to achieve a good history match performance.
大多数油田开发计划都需要一个可计数的模拟模型。当模拟模型与油田历史性能的各个方面相匹配时,它们就被认为是可靠的。这是通过匹配石油、水和天然气生产和注入的压力数据和生产阶段来实现的。影响历史匹配过程的因素很多。最重要的因素是相对渗透率,它影响流体相通过岩石管道的局部流动。测量相对渗透率并将其调整为包含在模拟模型中是我们本工作的重点。字段“X”符合我们对这项研究的兴趣。该油田正在实施注水。注水项目启动后,“X”油田遭遇了大型石油生产商的高含水率和低采油率。这促使我们重新研究该领域,因此我们需要建立一个具有适当历史匹配的完整模拟模型。用非稳态位移实验对X-4井的相对渗透率进行了特殊岩心分析测试。在本文中,我们将向您展示如何处理相对渗透率数据,并将其调整为引入模拟模型,以实现良好的历史匹配性能。
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引用次数: 0
Reservoir Characterization Using the Seismic Reflection Data: Bahariya Formation as a Case Study Shushan basin, North Western Desert, Egypt 基于地震反射数据的储层表征——以埃及西北沙漠舒山盆地Bahariya组为例
Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.110315.1107
M. Barakat, A. Azab, Nabil Michael
Herein, a package of 2D reflection seismic lines of good quality set is ordinarily interpreted to disclose the structure controls of the Shorouk field, in the North Western Desert of Egypt. The geological and geophysical information are helped to facilitate creating a number of maps and cross sections that clarify the tectonic fabric. The study focuses attention on tops of the Lower and Upper Bahariya members which act as major hydrocarbon reservoirs in Shushan basin. The seismic reflection interpretation aims to review and bring insight into the basin architecture, which may increase the chances for developing and/or exploring the entrapments. The work steps involve identification, picking and correlation of reflectors, closing loops, fault detection, constructing geo-seismic cross sections, time, and depth structural maps. The reservoir quality was confirmed through constructing the correlation charts between wells. The results indicate that the Shorouk field lies on a fault-bounded high feature. The structure at Bahariya Formation is affected by an anticlinal horst, cut across the central area in the WNW-direction, and bounded by normal faults down-step to the north and south. These bounding faults seem to be inherited from older ones along lines of weakness and grow up into the overburdens. The seismic
在此,一组高质量的二维反射地震线通常被解释为揭示埃及西北部沙漠Shorouk油田的结构控制。地质和地球物理信息有助于绘制一些地图和剖面图,以澄清构造结构。研究的重点是下巴哈里亚段和上巴哈里亚段顶部,它们是蜀山盆地主要的油气储集层。地震反射解释的目的是回顾和深入了解盆地结构,这可能会增加开发和/或勘探圈闭的机会。工作步骤包括识别、挑选和关联反射器、闭合环路、断层检测、构建地震截面、时间和深度构造图。通过建立井间对比图,确定了储层质量。结果表明,Shorouk场处于断界高特征上。巴哈里亚组构造受背斜地体的影响,向西西向横切中部地区,南北以正断层为界。这些边界断层似乎是沿着薄弱的路线从较老的断层继承下来的,并成长为上覆断层。地震
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引用次数: 8
Reservoir characterization of the Upper Cretaceous Abu Roash "G" Member, using wire line logs and 3D seismic data in West of Nile-X Field, Beni-Suef Basin, Western Desert, Egypt. 利用有线测井和三维地震数据对埃及西部沙漠Beni-Suef盆地Nile-X油田西部上白垩统Abu Roash“G”段进行储层表征。
Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.105162.1101
M. Abu-Hashish, Ahmed S. Ayoub
The current work focuses on integration of seismic and well log data for evaluating the Upper Abu Roash “G” Sand Member, in West of Nile-X oil field. A comprehensive petrophysical evaluation was performed for Abu Roash G reservoir. The estimated petrophysical parameters of the reservoir in the study area for the Upper Abu Roash”G” Sand Member range between about 17 % and 22 % for the effective porosity, and range between about 5 % and 15 % for shale volume, and range between about 18 % and 79 % for Water saturation. All of These results show that the Upper Abu Roash ”G” Sand Member in this field deem as a good reservoir with high potential for oil production and the cumulative stock tank of original oil in place estimate for the study area is 27 Million Stock Tank Barrel. Depth structure map shows an elongated asymmetrical double plunging anticlinal has an axis of NNE-SSW trend with a steep dip value in the eastern part and a gentle dip in the western part of the study area, which formed petroleum traps in the crest of the study area. The study results show that the Upper Abu Roash ”G” Sand Member has a promosing reservoir characterization.
目前的工作重点是整合地震和测井数据,以评估Nile-X油田西部Abu Roash“G”上段沙段。对Abu Roash G油藏进行了综合岩石物理评价。研究区上Abu Roash“G”砂段储层的估计岩石物理参数的有效孔隙度在约17%至22%之间,页岩体积在约5%至15%之间,含水饱和度在约18%至79%之间。所有这些结果表明,该油田上Abu Roash“G”砂段被认为是一个具有高采油潜力的良好储层,研究区域原始石油的累积储油罐估计为2700万储油罐桶。深度结构图显示,研究区东部有一个细长的不对称双倾伏背斜,其轴线呈NNE-SSW走向,倾角较陡,西部有一个平缓的倾角,在研究区顶部形成了油气圈闭。研究结果表明,阿布罗什上段“G”砂段具有良好的储层特征。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering
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