Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2024.300693.1205
M. Youssef, Adel Mohamed Salem, A. Attia, Rehab El- M. Maghraby
Horus Field whose main reservoir is Abu Roash "G" Dolomite, has been facing a decline in the production rates; however, it has managed to maintain a stable oil production plateau of 1050 barrels per day, with a significant water cut of 65%. This paper aims to investigate the efficiency of CO 2 EOR for the Horus field to identify the optimal approaches for maximizing oil recovery. An experimental study was employed using real core plug samples from the field. The setup was configured to mimic reservoir conditions at 70°C and 1200 psi, followed by injecting formation water, crude oil, and CO 2 to study primary drainage, secondary imbibition, and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The study yielded results of achieving 0.59 PV oil saturation after primary drainage and further oil recovery through subsequent water flooding and CO 2 injection. The findings presented a promising opportunity into the behavior of the CO 2 in the carbonate reservoirs and its impact on oil recovery where the primary recovery methods produced 11.5 million barrels, representing a recovery factor of 19.6% of the OOIP
{"title":"Maximizing CO2-EOR Potential for Carbonate Reservoir, Horus Field, Western Desert, Egypt","authors":"M. Youssef, Adel Mohamed Salem, A. Attia, Rehab El- M. Maghraby","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2024.300693.1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2024.300693.1205","url":null,"abstract":"Horus Field whose main reservoir is Abu Roash \"G\" Dolomite, has been facing a decline in the production rates; however, it has managed to maintain a stable oil production plateau of 1050 barrels per day, with a significant water cut of 65%. This paper aims to investigate the efficiency of CO 2 EOR for the Horus field to identify the optimal approaches for maximizing oil recovery. An experimental study was employed using real core plug samples from the field. The setup was configured to mimic reservoir conditions at 70°C and 1200 psi, followed by injecting formation water, crude oil, and CO 2 to study primary drainage, secondary imbibition, and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The study yielded results of achieving 0.59 PV oil saturation after primary drainage and further oil recovery through subsequent water flooding and CO 2 injection. The findings presented a promising opportunity into the behavior of the CO 2 in the carbonate reservoirs and its impact on oil recovery where the primary recovery methods produced 11.5 million barrels, representing a recovery factor of 19.6% of the OOIP","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2024.283897.1200
Mohamed Montassir, Adel Mohamed Salem, Mostafa Abdelhafiz, Iman El-Mahallawi
{"title":"A review on the Use Nano Technology for Enhancing Compressive Strength of Cement in Oil and Gas Industry.","authors":"Mohamed Montassir, Adel Mohamed Salem, Mostafa Abdelhafiz, Iman El-Mahallawi","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2024.283897.1200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2024.283897.1200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2024.283667.1194
Naser AlHajri, A. D. Al Khaldy, J. Hassan, Satya Gupta, Reham Dashti, Mohammed Kader, Zainab Al-Buloushi Zainab Al-Buloushi, Ayomarz Homi Jokhi, Mahmoud El Kady, Naser Al-Saad, Shahad Al-Muzaini, Mariam Al-Houti, Saad Al-Harbi, Naser Al-Kanderi, D. Herrera, J. Halma, Sameh Ibrahim, Omar El Sheikh
Casing while Drilling (CWD) is a method of drilling which has been proven to mitigate many of the drilling problems. In this technique, drilling, and casing of a well bore is carried out concurrently, which enhances the drilling efficiency by decreasing the non-productive time (NPT). It has shown to be advantageous in controlling loss circulation and improving wellbore stability by ‘Plastering’ effect, high quality cement job and increased rig floor safety. Casing while drilling techniques use a drillable drill bit. This bit is specially designed and manufactured with a material that can be drilled out with either conventional roller core or fixed cutter bits. A plastering process was used, which smears the cuttings generated by drilling against the borehole wall, seals the pores or fractures in the formation, and helps reduce fluid losses while maintaining well integrity. Several challenges have been monitored during casing while drilling such as severe mud loss, destabilized shale, and hole instability. These conditions can result in hole collapse, or the drill string lost in hole that requires sidetracking. The main aims of this paper are to present an engineering solution to drill through the difficult zones, reducing nonproductive time, and reduce the total well cost. Umm Gudair field in western Kuwait faces a lot of challenges while drilling, specially while drilling 16-in casing section. The successful implementation of 16 x 13.375-in. casing-while-drilling job in Umm Gudair field reduced well delivery time for the operator and saved 17 rig days with cost savings of 450,000 US Dollars considering rig rate only. The maximum drilling torque is 16,260 ft-lb at 6,962 ft, which represents 24% of the maximum torque for the 13.375-in 68 ppf, K-55. A 7 bladed and 16 mm cutter size was selected for drilling operation. The section was drilled successfully while encountering total mud losses through fractured dolomitic limestone and sandstone formations.
{"title":"Reducing Well Deliverability Time and Drilling Costs using Casing While Drilling Operations, West Kuwait","authors":"Naser AlHajri, A. D. Al Khaldy, J. Hassan, Satya Gupta, Reham Dashti, Mohammed Kader, Zainab Al-Buloushi Zainab Al-Buloushi, Ayomarz Homi Jokhi, Mahmoud El Kady, Naser Al-Saad, Shahad Al-Muzaini, Mariam Al-Houti, Saad Al-Harbi, Naser Al-Kanderi, D. Herrera, J. Halma, Sameh Ibrahim, Omar El Sheikh","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2024.283667.1194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2024.283667.1194","url":null,"abstract":"Casing while Drilling (CWD) is a method of drilling which has been proven to mitigate many of the drilling problems. In this technique, drilling, and casing of a well bore is carried out concurrently, which enhances the drilling efficiency by decreasing the non-productive time (NPT). It has shown to be advantageous in controlling loss circulation and improving wellbore stability by ‘Plastering’ effect, high quality cement job and increased rig floor safety. Casing while drilling techniques use a drillable drill bit. This bit is specially designed and manufactured with a material that can be drilled out with either conventional roller core or fixed cutter bits. A plastering process was used, which smears the cuttings generated by drilling against the borehole wall, seals the pores or fractures in the formation, and helps reduce fluid losses while maintaining well integrity. Several challenges have been monitored during casing while drilling such as severe mud loss, destabilized shale, and hole instability. These conditions can result in hole collapse, or the drill string lost in hole that requires sidetracking. The main aims of this paper are to present an engineering solution to drill through the difficult zones, reducing nonproductive time, and reduce the total well cost. Umm Gudair field in western Kuwait faces a lot of challenges while drilling, specially while drilling 16-in casing section. The successful implementation of 16 x 13.375-in. casing-while-drilling job in Umm Gudair field reduced well delivery time for the operator and saved 17 rig days with cost savings of 450,000 US Dollars considering rig rate only. The maximum drilling torque is 16,260 ft-lb at 6,962 ft, which represents 24% of the maximum torque for the 13.375-in 68 ppf, K-55. A 7 bladed and 16 mm cutter size was selected for drilling operation. The section was drilled successfully while encountering total mud losses through fractured dolomitic limestone and sandstone formations.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2024.208017.1161
Eric Brantson, T. Appiah, Ishaw Alhassan, Great Dzomeku, Esther Boateng, B. Takyi, Samuel Sibil, Emmanuel Duodu, Alvin Kobi
Presplit drilling and blasting are frequent excavation methods used in the mining and construction industries, but they can be challenging to implement which can also lead to inconsistent results. This review identifies the key mechanisms behind presplit drilling and blasting, and discusses the significant impact that this technique has on the industry. It also emphasizes the major issues that must be addressed before presplit drilling and blasting can be properly implemented, such as the drilling program.The review then introduces the potential application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in presplitting, and discusses how AI can be used to optimize the future design of presplit blast patterns, predict the performance of presplit blasts, and monitor the progress of presplit blasts in real time. The application of AI tools in presplitting has the potential to improve the safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of blasting operations. The review concludes by discussing the future of drilling and blasting in the mining and construction industries, and emphasizes the role of AI optimization as a future tool in moving this field into the autonomous dimension.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Traditional, Modern and Advanced Presplit Drilling and Blasting in the Mining and Construction Industries","authors":"Eric Brantson, T. Appiah, Ishaw Alhassan, Great Dzomeku, Esther Boateng, B. Takyi, Samuel Sibil, Emmanuel Duodu, Alvin Kobi","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2024.208017.1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2024.208017.1161","url":null,"abstract":"Presplit drilling and blasting are frequent excavation methods used in the mining and construction industries, but they can be challenging to implement which can also lead to inconsistent results. This review identifies the key mechanisms behind presplit drilling and blasting, and discusses the significant impact that this technique has on the industry. It also emphasizes the major issues that must be addressed before presplit drilling and blasting can be properly implemented, such as the drilling program.The review then introduces the potential application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in presplitting, and discusses how AI can be used to optimize the future design of presplit blast patterns, predict the performance of presplit blasts, and monitor the progress of presplit blasts in real time. The application of AI tools in presplitting has the potential to improve the safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of blasting operations. The review concludes by discussing the future of drilling and blasting in the mining and construction industries, and emphasizes the role of AI optimization as a future tool in moving this field into the autonomous dimension.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140398734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2024.265484.1190
Ghareb M. Hamada, Abbas M. Al-khudafi, Hamzah A. Al-Sharifi, Ibrahim A. Farea, Salem O. Baarimah, Abdelrigeeb A. Al-Gathe, Mohamed A. Bamaga
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of several decision tree machine techniques for identifying formation lithology of complex carbonate reservoir rocks in Gamal oil field. A total of 20966 log data points from four wells were used to create the study's data. Lithology is determined using seven log parameters. The seven log parameters are the density log, neutron log, sonic log, gamma ray log, deep lateral log, shallow lateral log, and resistivity log. Different decision tree-based algorithms for classification approaches were applied. Several typical machine learning models, namely the, Random Forest. Random trees, J48, reduced-error pruning decision trees, logistic model trees, Hoeffding Tree were assessed using well logging data for formation lithology prediction. The obtained results show that the random forest model, out of the proposed decision tree models, performed best at lithology identification, with precession, recall, and F-score values of 0.913, 0.914, and 0.913, respectively. Random trees came next. with average precision, recall, and F1-score of 0.837, 0.84, and 0.837, respectively, the J48 model came in third place. The Hoeffding Tree classification model, however, showed the worst performance. We conclude that boosting strategies enhance the performance of tree-based models. Evaluation of prediction capability of models is also carried out using different datasets
本研究旨在评估几种决策树机器技术在识别加马尔油田复杂碳酸盐岩储层岩性方面的有效性。研究数据共使用了四口井的 20966 个测井数据点。岩性是通过七个测井参数确定的。这七个测井参数是密度测井、中子测井、声波测井、伽马射线测井、深侧向测井、浅侧向测井和电阻率测井。分类方法采用了不同的决策树算法。几种典型的机器学习模型，即随机森林（Random Forest）、随机树（Random Tree）、J48、还原树（reduced Tree）。使用测井数据评估了随机树、J48、减少误差修剪决策树、逻辑模型树、Hoeffding 树等用于地层岩性预测的机器学习模型。结果表明，在所提出的决策树模型中，随机森林模型在岩性识别方面表现最佳，其前程、召回和 F 分数值分别为 0.913、0.914 和 0.913。随机树次之，平均精度、召回率和 F1 分数分别为 0.837、0.84 和 0.837，J48 模型排名第三。然而，Hoeffding 树分类模型的表现最差。我们的结论是，提升策略提高了基于树的模型的性能。我们还使用不同的数据集对各模型的预测能力进行了评估
{"title":"Characterization of Lithfacies Properties of Carbonate Reservoir rocks using Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Ghareb M. Hamada, Abbas M. Al-khudafi, Hamzah A. Al-Sharifi, Ibrahim A. Farea, Salem O. Baarimah, Abdelrigeeb A. Al-Gathe, Mohamed A. Bamaga","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2024.265484.1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2024.265484.1190","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to assess the effectiveness of several decision tree machine techniques for identifying formation lithology of complex carbonate reservoir rocks in Gamal oil field. A total of 20966 log data points from four wells were used to create the study's data. Lithology is determined using seven log parameters. The seven log parameters are the density log, neutron log, sonic log, gamma ray log, deep lateral log, shallow lateral log, and resistivity log. Different decision tree-based algorithms for classification approaches were applied. Several typical machine learning models, namely the, Random Forest. Random trees, J48, reduced-error pruning decision trees, logistic model trees, Hoeffding Tree were assessed using well logging data for formation lithology prediction. The obtained results show that the random forest model, out of the proposed decision tree models, performed best at lithology identification, with precession, recall, and F-score values of 0.913, 0.914, and 0.913, respectively. Random trees came next. with average precision, recall, and F1-score of 0.837, 0.84, and 0.837, respectively, the J48 model came in third place. The Hoeffding Tree classification model, however, showed the worst performance. We conclude that boosting strategies enhance the performance of tree-based models. Evaluation of prediction capability of models is also carried out using different datasets","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"273 29‐32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140402399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oil spills are one of the major environmental challenges affecting urban coastal cities globally. A critical industrial area, known as El-Suez refining plant, located in the Suez city in the northwestern Gulf of Suez, was chosen as a case study. Therefore, this study aims to detect spatial-temporal contaminated soil from oil seepage events to understand the role of human activities and the physical condition of the study area. This was achieved using maximum likelihood classification, using multi-spectral satellite data of Sentinel-2 integrated with field sampling and previous studies on the same area. Analyzing Sentinel-2 data from 2015 to 2021 revealed a potential increase in contamination, coinciding with darker areas observed in the images. Additionally, spectral reflectance analysis confirmed the presence of hydrocarbons, with the 1700nm wavelength being the most reliable for detection. The resulting Land use Land cover (LU-LC) shows acceptable accuracy, with 83.33% overall and 80% for detecting contaminated soil, showcasing its potential for large-scale monitoring. The study successfully identified contaminated areas near pipelines and deactivated land farms, suggesting past bioremediation attempts. This study can be applied in similar areas to mitigate the oil spills from storage tanks and oil transfer pipelines, enhancing the environmental management strategy of oil pollution.
{"title":"Spectrum of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil in North-West Suez Gulf of Egypt","authors":"Mostafa Atwa, Aymanman Hamed, Asmaa Hassan, Fares Khedr","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2024.205793.1162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2024.205793.1162","url":null,"abstract":"Oil spills are one of the major environmental challenges affecting urban coastal cities globally. A critical industrial area, known as El-Suez refining plant, located in the Suez city in the northwestern Gulf of Suez, was chosen as a case study. Therefore, this study aims to detect spatial-temporal contaminated soil from oil seepage events to understand the role of human activities and the physical condition of the study area. This was achieved using maximum likelihood classification, using multi-spectral satellite data of Sentinel-2 integrated with field sampling and previous studies on the same area. Analyzing Sentinel-2 data from 2015 to 2021 revealed a potential increase in contamination, coinciding with darker areas observed in the images. Additionally, spectral reflectance analysis confirmed the presence of hydrocarbons, with the 1700nm wavelength being the most reliable for detection. The resulting Land use Land cover (LU-LC) shows acceptable accuracy, with 83.33% overall and 80% for detecting contaminated soil, showcasing its potential for large-scale monitoring. The study successfully identified contaminated areas near pipelines and deactivated land farms, suggesting past bioremediation attempts. This study can be applied in similar areas to mitigate the oil spills from storage tanks and oil transfer pipelines, enhancing the environmental management strategy of oil pollution.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140403529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2024.217836.1168
Samy Mohamed, Mohamed Hassan
This study has been constructed using Aspen HYSYS ver.12.1 and regression analysis had been performed by MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010 to obtain a new correlations to predict the product yields from delayed coker unit with a wide applicable range of operating variables which is more reliable with refineries data and a simulation molding of delayed coker unit has been accomplished to maximize the gas oil yield for a refinery data by optimization of process variables. The findings from optimization by linear programming performed by MICROSFT OFFICE EXCEL 2010 indicated that gas oil yield could be increased by 4 wt% instead of coke byproduct by lowering the recycle ratio to 5% wt from fresh feed and increasing the heater outlet temperature to 510°C.Also the results showed that the change in coke drum pressure has a minimal effect in product yield. The outcome from the modified process conditions studied and a profit estimated at approximately 40 million dollar yearly.
{"title":"Optimization of Delayed Coker Unit Process Variables for Enhancement of Product Yields","authors":"Samy Mohamed, Mohamed Hassan","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2024.217836.1168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2024.217836.1168","url":null,"abstract":"This study has been constructed using Aspen HYSYS ver.12.1 and regression analysis had been performed by MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010 to obtain a new correlations to predict the product yields from delayed coker unit with a wide applicable range of operating variables which is more reliable with refineries data and a simulation molding of delayed coker unit has been accomplished to maximize the gas oil yield for a refinery data by optimization of process variables. The findings from optimization by linear programming performed by MICROSFT OFFICE EXCEL 2010 indicated that gas oil yield could be increased by 4 wt% instead of coke byproduct by lowering the recycle ratio to 5% wt from fresh feed and increasing the heater outlet temperature to 510°C.Also the results showed that the change in coke drum pressure has a minimal effect in product yield. The outcome from the modified process conditions studied and a profit estimated at approximately 40 million dollar yearly.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"148 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140403098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2024.223713.1169
Leandro Serraiocco, Carlos Trias
The stabilization of coarse grained soils is a recurring problem in geotechnical engineering around the world due to the condition of these soils while using them for build-ups, highways, infrastructure, and other common applications in engineering practice. Coarse soils, and particularly sands, are materials composed by particles, where gravitational forces predominate over attractive ones. This particular behaviour, makes it necessary to apply a differential approach in comparison with fine grained soils where the problem is focused on the attractive forces. Based on years of experience in Chemical and Geotechnical engineering, HyGT Chemical SRL (HyGT) and Weg Consultora de Ingenieria SA (WEG) have jointly developed the product HyGT SS21® (SS21), a polymer capable of generating interesting engineering properties in coarse grained soils, particularly developed for sands, the starting point of the development. After an outstanding performance in laboratory and in field, SS21 has been considered for a formal scientific publication, to show the laboratory test results and potential applications of this product, being in roads, infrastructure, oil and mining, places where it is common to have roads, embankments and slopes on granular soils. The importance of addressing this solution for a real application case, in the case of sands extracted from the Argentinean Delta, will be demonstrated throughout the document. Results of routine tests in road works will be presented, possible to be replicated in all types of facilities, and draw conclusions in reference to them.
由于粗粒土在建筑、公路、基础设施和工程实践中的其他常见应用中的状况，稳定粗粒土是全球岩土工程中经常出现的问题。粗土，尤其是砂土，是由颗粒组成的材料，其中重力比吸引力占优势。这种特殊的行为使得有必要采用一种与细粒土相比较的差分方法，因为细粒土的问题主要集中在吸引力上。HyGT 化学 SRL（HyGT）和 Weg Consultora de Ingenieria SA（WEG）基于多年的化学和岩土工程经验，联合开发了 HyGT SS21® (SS21)产品，这是一种能够在粗粒土中产生有趣的工程特性的聚合物，尤其适用于砂土，这也是开发的出发点。SS21 在实验室和现场均表现出色，因此已被考虑用于正式的科学出版物，以展示该产品在道路、基础设施、石油和采矿领域的实验室测试结果和潜在应用。本文件将以阿根廷三角洲开采的砂土为例，说明该解决方案在实际应用中的重要性。将介绍道路工程中的常规测试结果，这些结果有可能在所有类型的设施中复制，并得出相关结论。
{"title":"Chemical stabilization of sands with SS21. Case of study: fine sands from the Argentinean Delta","authors":"Leandro Serraiocco, Carlos Trias","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2024.223713.1169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2024.223713.1169","url":null,"abstract":"The stabilization of coarse grained soils is a recurring problem in geotechnical engineering around the world due to the condition of these soils while using them for build-ups, highways, infrastructure, and other common applications in engineering practice. Coarse soils, and particularly sands, are materials composed by particles, where gravitational forces predominate over attractive ones. This particular behaviour, makes it necessary to apply a differential approach in comparison with fine grained soils where the problem is focused on the attractive forces. Based on years of experience in Chemical and Geotechnical engineering, HyGT Chemical SRL (HyGT) and Weg Consultora de Ingenieria SA (WEG) have jointly developed the product HyGT SS21® (SS21), a polymer capable of generating interesting engineering properties in coarse grained soils, particularly developed for sands, the starting point of the development. After an outstanding performance in laboratory and in field, SS21 has been considered for a formal scientific publication, to show the laboratory test results and potential applications of this product, being in roads, infrastructure, oil and mining, places where it is common to have roads, embankments and slopes on granular soils. The importance of addressing this solution for a real application case, in the case of sands extracted from the Argentinean Delta, will be demonstrated throughout the document. Results of routine tests in road works will be presented, possible to be replicated in all types of facilities, and draw conclusions in reference to them.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"47 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2024.248074.1180
I. Dimkpa, C. Dimkpa
This study evaluated catfish from the impact of crude oil as contaminants on catfish caught from the surrounding streams of two selected sites of illegal petroleum refineries which have been abandoned as a result of its destruction by the government Task Force against illegal refineries. Laboratory analysis was carried out on the samples from the two sites at Oshika and Egbalor communities and a control, all in Rivers State, Nigeria. Tests for Heavy metals (Cd, Ni, As, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Pb), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH), Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene and Xylene (BTEX) and Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) were carried out with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Gas Chromatograph-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test Statistical method was used in the analysis. This study showed that the concentrations of heavy metal pollutants in Fish followed distribution patterns of Cu>Pb>As>Co>Ni>Zn>Cr>Cd in Oshika site while that of Egbalor site is Zn> Cu> As> Ni> Cr> Co> Cd> Pb Which are all higher than WHO recommended permissible limits and control except Zn. This makes the fish contaminated from the illegal refinery activities. The result showed high concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)s in the sampled fish which are higher than the WHO recommended permissible limits and USEPA regulatory standard values for PAHs with a corresponding 30.09% and 11.64% of carcinogenic PAHs for Oshika and Egbalor sites respectively, thereby making the fish toxic. Recommendations were made for possible mitigation for illegal refineries.
{"title":"Crude Oil Contaminated River Fishes arising from the Activities of Illegal Petroleum Refining in Oshika and Egbalor Communities in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria","authors":"I. Dimkpa, C. Dimkpa","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2024.248074.1180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2024.248074.1180","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated catfish from the impact of crude oil as contaminants on catfish caught from the surrounding streams of two selected sites of illegal petroleum refineries which have been abandoned as a result of its destruction by the government Task Force against illegal refineries. Laboratory analysis was carried out on the samples from the two sites at Oshika and Egbalor communities and a control, all in Rivers State, Nigeria. Tests for Heavy metals (Cd, Ni, As, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Pb), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH), Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene and Xylene (BTEX) and Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) were carried out with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Gas Chromatograph-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test Statistical method was used in the analysis. This study showed that the concentrations of heavy metal pollutants in Fish followed distribution patterns of Cu>Pb>As>Co>Ni>Zn>Cr>Cd in Oshika site while that of Egbalor site is Zn> Cu> As> Ni> Cr> Co> Cd> Pb Which are all higher than WHO recommended permissible limits and control except Zn. This makes the fish contaminated from the illegal refinery activities. The result showed high concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)s in the sampled fish which are higher than the WHO recommended permissible limits and USEPA regulatory standard values for PAHs with a corresponding 30.09% and 11.64% of carcinogenic PAHs for Oshika and Egbalor sites respectively, thereby making the fish toxic. Recommendations were made for possible mitigation for illegal refineries.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140403039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2024.240798.1178
Kingsley Ihekoronye, Sulaiman Ibrahim, Mohammed Adamu, Usman Hassan
Surfactant is a surface-active agent that aids to improve oil recovery via changing the rock properties from oil-wet to water-wet. Synthetic surfactant is mostly used chemical enhanced oil recovery method but its vulnerability to high temperature and salinity reservoir pose a challenge to its application. In this study, Thevetia Peruviana oil was used as a precursor for surfactant formulation via saponification reaction. Soxhlet extraction technique was used to extract the oil from the seeds. Physicochemical properties of the extracted oil were investigated. Characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence was carried out on the formulated surfactant to determine the functional groups and elemental composition. The results of this study showed that the Thevetia Peruviana seed have percentage of oil yield (61.3%), saponification value (218.79mg/100g), acid value (28.05mg/g), free fatty acid (14.03 mg/L), iodine value (9.39mg/L), specific gravity (0.90 g/cm3) and pH (4.04). The FTIR test results on the formulated surfactant showed the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) and carboxyl (COOH) functional groups. The XRF test showed major elements such as silicon, magesium, chlorine, iron and copper. This indicate that the surfactant is anionic and have
{"title":"Investigation into the Use of Thevetia Peruviana seed oil for Surfactant Flooding","authors":"Kingsley Ihekoronye, Sulaiman Ibrahim, Mohammed Adamu, Usman Hassan","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2024.240798.1178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2024.240798.1178","url":null,"abstract":"Surfactant is a surface-active agent that aids to improve oil recovery via changing the rock properties from oil-wet to water-wet. Synthetic surfactant is mostly used chemical enhanced oil recovery method but its vulnerability to high temperature and salinity reservoir pose a challenge to its application. In this study, Thevetia Peruviana oil was used as a precursor for surfactant formulation via saponification reaction. Soxhlet extraction technique was used to extract the oil from the seeds. Physicochemical properties of the extracted oil were investigated. Characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence was carried out on the formulated surfactant to determine the functional groups and elemental composition. The results of this study showed that the Thevetia Peruviana seed have percentage of oil yield (61.3%), saponification value (218.79mg/100g), acid value (28.05mg/g), free fatty acid (14.03 mg/L), iodine value (9.39mg/L), specific gravity (0.90 g/cm3) and pH (4.04). The FTIR test results on the formulated surfactant showed the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) and carboxyl (COOH) functional groups. The XRF test showed major elements such as silicon, magesium, chlorine, iron and copper. This indicate that the surfactant is anionic and have","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"54 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140399517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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