Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2018.38802
Y. Mustafa
Gala En Nahal area constitute late Precambrian Alpine-type mafic-ultramafic rocks, considered as ophiolites masses. These ophiolite masses are deformed, sheared and dismembered. They consist of serpentinized chromitiferous ultrabasic rocks, metagabbro, diorite and dykes of various composition. Later talc magnesite schist and biribrite are formed as an alteration product of the mafic ultra-mafic rocks. Industrial minerals such as chromite, talc, asbestos and magnesite have been reported. Samples are taken from biribrite rock and subjected to (XRF) and (AAS) analysis. The results of analysis show sigificant values for Au, PGE, Ni, Co and Ag Analysis of Talc-carbonate rocks also show ore minerals of Ni-Co arsenide, pyrite, and chalcopyrite silica-carbonate stock works are surface criteria for mineralization.
Gala En Nahal地区构成前寒武纪晚期阿尔卑斯型镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石，被认为是蛇绿岩块。这些蛇绿岩岩体变形、剪切和肢解。它们由蛇纹石化铬质超基性岩、变辉长岩、闪长岩和各种成分的岩脉组成。镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石的蚀变产物为滑石-镁铁质片岩和双辉岩。工业矿物如铬铁矿、滑石、石棉和菱镁矿已有报道。样品取自英辉岩，并进行（XRF）和（AAS）分析。分析结果表明，滑石碳酸盐岩的Au、PGE、Ni、Co和Ag值较高。分析结果还表明，镍钴砷化物、黄铁矿和黄铜矿-二氧化硅-碳酸盐矿床的矿石矿物是矿化的表面标准。
{"title":"Trace Elements Mineralization – Gala-En Nahal Area Gadarif State –Sudan","authors":"Y. Mustafa","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2018.38802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2018.38802","url":null,"abstract":"Gala En Nahal area constitute late Precambrian Alpine-type mafic-ultramafic rocks, considered as ophiolites masses. These ophiolite masses are deformed, sheared and dismembered. They consist of serpentinized chromitiferous ultrabasic rocks, metagabbro, diorite and dykes of various composition. Later talc magnesite schist and biribrite are formed as an alteration product of the mafic ultra-mafic rocks. \u0000Industrial minerals such as chromite, talc, asbestos and magnesite have been reported. Samples are taken from biribrite rock and subjected to (XRF) and (AAS) analysis. The results of analysis show sigificant values for Au, PGE, Ni, Co and Ag \u0000Analysis of Talc-carbonate rocks also show ore minerals of Ni-Co arsenide, pyrite, and chalcopyrite silica-carbonate stock works are surface criteria for mineralization.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49198355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2018.38799
G. Kheir, Ahmed el Gibaly, M. Farahat
Bottomhole Pressure (BHP) determination is quite crucial in the success of the drilling operations, especially on tight-drilling window environment. The calculation becomes much more critical when drilling with near-balance bottomhole pressure on the unconventional drilling techniques like Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD). Although Pressure-While-Drilling (PWD) technology can provide measured values of Bottomhole Pressure, it is so expensive and needs circulation to convey readings. Also, in case of tool failure, it consumes a lot of time to trip out of hole in order to change the tool, especially on deep-well drilling. On this paper, Bingham, Power-Law, Herschel-Bulkley and API RP13D rheological models have been utilized to calculate the Annular Pressure Loss (APL) on a deep well with polymer Water-Base Mud (WBM). A comparative study between model-calculated and PWD-measured values of APL for 15 points along the wellbore was conducted on the calculation of Annular Pressure Loss. Power-Law model was found the most optimum rheological model for polymer Water-Base Mud, due to exhibiting no Yield Stress. Power-law model gave 35 psi average error which can be tolerated most of the time during drilling operations.
{"title":"Annular Pressure Losses Prediction Using Power-Law Model with Polymer Water-Base Mud","authors":"G. Kheir, Ahmed el Gibaly, M. Farahat","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2018.38799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2018.38799","url":null,"abstract":"Bottomhole Pressure (BHP) determination is quite crucial in the success of the drilling operations, especially on tight-drilling window environment. The calculation becomes much more critical when drilling with near-balance bottomhole pressure on the unconventional drilling techniques like Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD). Although Pressure-While-Drilling (PWD) technology can provide measured values of Bottomhole Pressure, it is so expensive and needs circulation to convey readings. Also, in case of tool failure, it consumes a lot of time to trip out of hole in order to change the tool, especially on deep-well drilling. On this paper, Bingham, Power-Law, Herschel-Bulkley and API RP13D rheological models have been utilized to calculate the Annular Pressure Loss (APL) on a deep well with polymer Water-Base Mud (WBM). A comparative study between model-calculated and PWD-measured values of APL for 15 points along the wellbore was conducted on the calculation of Annular Pressure Loss. Power-Law model was found the most optimum rheological model for polymer Water-Base Mud, due to exhibiting no Yield Stress. Power-law model gave 35 psi average error which can be tolerated most of the time during drilling operations.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46667857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2019.37963
Mohamed I. A. Habba, M. Ahmed, M. Seleman, A. El-Nikhaily
A mathematical model for heat generation for bobbin tool friction stir welding (BT-FSW) is proposed. The model applies on bobbin tool with Cylindrical pin to weld AA1050 alloy. The BT-FSW joints are welded at various travel speeds (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mm/min) and constant rotation speed of 600 rpm. In the proposed model, only the heat generated by friction is considered. The proposed mathematical model was validated with measured results. The BT-FSW heat generation increase with increasing bobbin rotation speed, friction coefficient, shoulder radius, and pin radius. On the other hand, the heat generation decrease with increasing bobbin tool travel speed.
{"title":"An Analytical Model of Heat Generation for Friction Stir Welding Using Bobbin Tool Design","authors":"Mohamed I. A. Habba, M. Ahmed, M. Seleman, A. El-Nikhaily","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2019.37963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2019.37963","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical model for heat generation for bobbin tool friction stir welding (BT-FSW) is proposed. The model applies on bobbin tool with Cylindrical pin to weld AA1050 alloy. The BT-FSW joints are welded at various travel speeds (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mm/min) and constant rotation speed of 600 rpm. In the proposed model, only the heat generated by friction is considered. The proposed mathematical model was validated with measured results. The BT-FSW heat generation increase with increasing bobbin rotation speed, friction coefficient, shoulder radius, and pin radius. On the other hand, the heat generation decrease with increasing bobbin tool travel speed.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45004049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2018.38791
M. Reda, N. Sayed, S. E. Shalaby, M. Farahat
This paper is about evaluating the minimum efficiency of hole cleaning and cuttings transport during drilling of vertical and deviated wells by a statistical-regression model using the Buckingham Pi theorem of dimensional analysis technique. The model will be evaluated by deriving the unknown proportionality constant and five exponents utilizing the statistical - regression curve of the least- squares fitting method and using the prepared field data from five drilled wells in the Gulf of Suez Company (GUPCO) fields. Then, the model's equation will be differentiated partially with respect to one of the independent parameters which are average annular velocity of drilling fluid, drilling rate of penetration, drill string rotation, drilling fluid density, yield point, plastic viscosity, density of drilled-cuttings, and coefficient related to hole deviation angle. Then it will be evaluated over a range of values for these parameters. From the parametric study, it is found that the hole cleaning efficiency increases as the average annular velocity, yield point, plastic viscosity, drill string rotation, density of drilling fluid increase. It is found also that efficiency decreases when drilling rate, cuttings density, hole deviation angle increase. Finally, it is recommended that the model can be applied in oil well drilling industry in different fields and horizontal wells rather than the vertical and deviated wells used in the paper.
{"title":"A Statistical Model for Hole Cleaning and Cuttings Transport Efficiency During Drilling of Wells","authors":"M. Reda, N. Sayed, S. E. Shalaby, M. Farahat","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2018.38791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2018.38791","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about evaluating the minimum efficiency of hole cleaning and cuttings transport during drilling of vertical and deviated wells by a statistical-regression model using the Buckingham Pi theorem of dimensional analysis technique. The model will be evaluated by deriving the unknown proportionality constant and five exponents utilizing the statistical - regression curve of the least- squares fitting method and using the prepared field data from five drilled wells in the Gulf of Suez Company (GUPCO) fields. Then, the model's equation will be differentiated partially with respect to one of the independent parameters which are average annular velocity of drilling fluid, drilling rate of penetration, drill string rotation, drilling fluid density, yield point, plastic viscosity, density of drilled-cuttings, and coefficient related to hole deviation angle. Then it will be evaluated over a range of values for these parameters. From the parametric study, it is found that the hole cleaning efficiency increases as the average annular velocity, yield point, plastic viscosity, drill string rotation, density of drilling fluid increase. It is found also that efficiency decreases when drilling rate, cuttings density, hole deviation angle increase. Finally, it is recommended that the model can be applied in oil well drilling industry in different fields and horizontal wells rather than the vertical and deviated wells used in the paper.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42262586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2018.38800
Ahmed El-Kawas, Marwa Abbas, R. Ramadan, S. Ibrahim
Industrial trials for hot deformation production of low carbon steel with fine ferrite grains were carried out. The different hot rolling parameters including the amount of strain and strain rate at each of six rolling stands as well as the final deformation temperature were designed to produce the required microstructure. Two types of low carbon steels, with/without Nb-addition, were used in this study to evaluate the effect of Nb addition. Stress induced grain refinement has been successfully achieved, aided by Nb, resulting in an average grain size of 4µm following the coiling process. The flow stress calculated at each of the six stands was used to follow the structure evaluation during processing.
{"title":"Effect of Nb Addition on the Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructure of Low Carbon Steel","authors":"Ahmed El-Kawas, Marwa Abbas, R. Ramadan, S. Ibrahim","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2018.38800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2018.38800","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial trials for hot deformation production of low carbon steel with fine ferrite grains were carried out. The different hot rolling parameters including the amount of strain and strain rate at each of six rolling stands as well as the final deformation temperature were designed to produce the required microstructure. Two types of low carbon steels, with/without Nb-addition, were used in this study to evaluate the effect of Nb addition. Stress induced grain refinement has been successfully achieved, aided by Nb, resulting in an average grain size of 4µm following the coiling process. The flow stress calculated at each of the six stands was used to follow the structure evaluation during processing.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45150230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2018.42957
Maher A. Elmaghraby, H. M. Yehia, Omayma A. Elkady, A. Abu-Oqaild
Six samples of copper matrix composites contain different weight percentages of graphene that are 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 wt. % GNs were fabricated using the electro-less copper deposition followed by the powder metallurgy technique. The sintering process has proceeded in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace. The morphology and microstructure of the as-received powders, as well as the sintered samples, are examined using the scanning electron microscope. The chemical composition of the fabricated composites was evaluated by the EDAX analysis. The effect of GNs content on the hardness, wear rate The microstructure of the composites reveals a good distribution of the (GNs and MoS2) in the copper matrix. Also, good adhesion between GNs and the (Cu-10MoS2) matrix was achieved. The 0.4 wt. % GNs composite exhibits the highest hardness and the lowest wear rate.
{"title":"Effect of Graphene Nano-Sheets Additions on the Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Copper Matrix Nano-Composite","authors":"Maher A. Elmaghraby, H. M. Yehia, Omayma A. Elkady, A. Abu-Oqaild","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2018.42957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2018.42957","url":null,"abstract":"Six samples of copper matrix composites contain different weight percentages of graphene that are 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 wt. % GNs were fabricated using the electro-less copper deposition followed by the powder metallurgy technique. The sintering process has proceeded in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace. The morphology and microstructure of the as-received powders, as well as the sintered samples, are examined using the scanning electron microscope. The chemical composition of the fabricated composites was evaluated by the EDAX analysis. The effect of GNs content on the hardness, wear rate The microstructure of the composites reveals a good distribution of the (GNs and MoS2) in the copper matrix. Also, good adhesion between GNs and the (Cu-10MoS2) matrix was achieved. The 0.4 wt. % GNs composite exhibits the highest hardness and the lowest wear rate.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49479243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2018.38324
M. AlBredi
Abstract In this research, a lab study was conducted on the process of injection a solution of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) into a lab-prepared a matrix Marble model that physically simulates the reservoir properties of the Jeribeh producing formation in DERO oil field. The Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution is chosen due to its efficiency in studying alkaline. The injection operation of the alkaline was performed on the rock model using the volume ratios (15, 30 and 50% PV), (% PV that represents ratio of the injected liquid to the pores volume of the model), to guarantee an efficient displacement. The injection process was continued at each ratio using the displacement fluid until reaching the 250% PV level. Through the results of the displacement processes, the change of the following factors in relation with was graphically studied: where, Oil Displacement Factor (O.F.D), Water ratio in the produced fluid, (W) and: ratio of the produced oil volume at every injection process to the accumulated volume of the injected fluid at the same stage, (R.a=V_O/V_T ). To compare the displacement efficiency using Sodium Hydroxide with the efficiency of water injection (currently applied in DERO field), the model was flooded by (250% PV) of water after it was cleaned with kerosene, then dried and re-saturated with oil. A comparison between the change of the factors when injecting water and injecting Sodium Hydroxide solution was graphically performed. The results of the graphical comparison of both injection methods implied a steady increase of the (O.F.D) and (R.a) factors and a decrease of the water ratio produced with oil when injecting (NaOH) solution at all the studied injection ratios when compared with water flooding.
{"title":"Improving Oil Displacement Factor by Alkaline Flooding in the DERO Field","authors":"M. AlBredi","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2018.38324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2018.38324","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this research, a lab study was conducted on the process of injection a solution of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) into a lab-prepared a matrix Marble model that physically simulates the reservoir properties of the Jeribeh producing formation in DERO oil field. The Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution is chosen due to its efficiency in studying alkaline. The injection operation of the alkaline was performed on the rock model using the volume ratios (15, 30 and 50% PV), (% PV that represents ratio of the injected liquid to the pores volume of the model), to guarantee an efficient displacement. The injection process was continued at each ratio using the displacement fluid until reaching the 250% PV level. Through the results of the displacement processes, the change of the following factors in relation with was graphically studied: where, Oil Displacement Factor (O.F.D), Water ratio in the produced fluid, (W) and: ratio of the produced oil volume at every injection process to the accumulated volume of the injected fluid at the same stage, (R.a=V_O/V_T ). To compare the displacement efficiency using Sodium Hydroxide with the efficiency of water injection (currently applied in DERO field), the model was flooded by (250% PV) of water after it was cleaned with kerosene, then dried and re-saturated with oil. A comparison between the change of the factors when injecting water and injecting Sodium Hydroxide solution was graphically performed. The results of the graphical comparison of both injection methods implied a steady increase of the (O.F.D) and (R.a) factors and a decrease of the water ratio produced with oil when injecting (NaOH) solution at all the studied injection ratios when compared with water flooding.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45179086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2018.41611
M. AlBredi
In this research, economic evaluation of the efficiency of the ASP chemical flooding method applied on the oil-producing Jaribeh formation of DERO oil field was performed. The theoretical study firstly included complete explanation of objectives and justifications of the research, reference study related to the economic aspects of applying the mentioned method, overview of DERO oil field (lithostratigraphic, petrophysical, and depositional properties as well as reservoir indexes of Jaribeh reservoir in the mentioned oil field).The economic study however, included the following axes: Determination of sequence of chemical solutions and liquids proposed to be injected in the pilot area chosen for studying, determination of volumes of chemical solutions and liquids proposed to be injected in the pilot area, determination of the ideal batch of the ASP solution proposed to be injected in the pilot area, proposed scheme of the injection process, choosing a pilot in DERO field and determining its main reservoir characteristics, calculating volumes of chemical solution and liquids injected in the pilot area, calculating oil quantities expected to be produced from the pilot area as a result of applying the ASP flooding method, and calculating cost of chemical materials needed for the ASP flooding process in the pilot. As a result of this study, the additional quantity of oil produced by applying the ASP flooding method in the pilot was determined as well as the additional cost of an oil barrel resulted from using chemical materials in the mentioned flooding process that is (1.93 $/bbl).
{"title":"The Economic Evaluation of the Efficiency of the ASP Chemical Flooding in DERO Field","authors":"M. AlBredi","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2018.41611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2018.41611","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, economic evaluation of the efficiency of the ASP chemical flooding method applied on the oil-producing Jaribeh formation of DERO oil field was performed. The theoretical study firstly included complete explanation of objectives and justifications of the research, reference study related to the economic aspects of applying the mentioned method, overview of DERO oil field (lithostratigraphic, petrophysical, and depositional properties as well as reservoir indexes of Jaribeh reservoir in the mentioned oil field).The economic study however, included the following axes: Determination of sequence of chemical solutions and liquids proposed to be injected in the pilot area chosen for studying, determination of volumes of chemical solutions and liquids proposed to be injected in the pilot area, determination of the ideal batch of the ASP solution proposed to be injected in the pilot area, proposed scheme of the injection process, choosing a pilot in DERO field and determining its main reservoir characteristics, calculating volumes of chemical solution and liquids injected in the pilot area, calculating oil quantities expected to be produced from the pilot area as a result of applying the ASP flooding method, and calculating cost of chemical materials needed for the ASP flooding process in the pilot. As a result of this study, the additional quantity of oil produced by applying the ASP flooding method in the pilot was determined as well as the additional cost of an oil barrel resulted from using chemical materials in the mentioned flooding process that is (1.93 $/bbl).","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45217679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2019.37964
M. Abbas, Rehab Maghraby, A. Mohamed, I. Hamed
Improving corrosion resistance of copper is often associated with the presence of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) films on the surface. Many surface modification techniques such as chemical etching, oxidation, inhibitors, electro deposition and sol-gel could be employed In the present work a film of Cu2O, which is considered to be protective and strongly adherent to the substrate, is formed. Experimental technique includes etching of copper specimens in ammonia solution, calcination, and then modified in ethanol solution of stearic acid for different times was employed Etching of copper for 60 h in 10 wt. % ammonia solution exhibits a contact angle of 135˚ but the formed layer, which is CuO, has poor adhesion. Modifying of etched-calcined copper in 0.1 mol/L ethanol solution of stearic acid for 3 h shows a superhydrophobic film (Cu2O) with a high contact angle of 160˚, good adhesion and lowest corrosion rate. The contact angle was measured at ambient temperature. The surface morphology and chemical compositions of the samples were investigated with a scanning electron microscopy, EDX and an X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical corrosion behavior was conducted in 3 wt. % NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. The contact angle was measured using Attension Biolin device (Theta Optical Tensiometers) Also Thickness (using Tooke Inspection Guage OG204 according to ASTM D4138) and adhesion (using X-Cut Tape Adhesion test according to ASTM D3359) of formed films were determined
{"title":"Improving Corrosion Resistance of Copper by Forming Super Hydrophobic Layer on Surfac","authors":"M. Abbas, Rehab Maghraby, A. Mohamed, I. Hamed","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2019.37964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2019.37964","url":null,"abstract":"Improving corrosion resistance of copper is often associated with the presence of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) films on the surface. Many surface modification techniques such as chemical etching, oxidation, inhibitors, electro deposition and sol-gel could be employed In the present work a film of Cu2O, which is considered to be protective and strongly adherent to the substrate, is formed. Experimental technique includes etching of copper specimens in ammonia solution, calcination, and then modified in ethanol solution of stearic acid for different times was employed Etching of copper for 60 h in 10 wt. % ammonia solution exhibits a contact angle of 135˚ but the formed layer, which is CuO, has poor adhesion. Modifying of etched-calcined copper in 0.1 mol/L ethanol solution of stearic acid for 3 h shows a superhydrophobic film (Cu2O) with a high contact angle of 160˚, good adhesion and lowest corrosion rate. The contact angle was measured at ambient temperature. The surface morphology and chemical compositions of the samples were investigated with a scanning electron microscopy, EDX and an X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical corrosion behavior was conducted in 3 wt. % NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. The contact angle was measured using Attension Biolin device (Theta Optical Tensiometers) Also Thickness (using Tooke Inspection Guage OG204 according to ASTM D4138) and adhesion (using X-Cut Tape Adhesion test according to ASTM D3359) of formed films were determined","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46720744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2018.40453
A. Elgibaly, M. Farahat, M. S. A. E. Nabbi
In this study, the factors that affect the selection of the types and characteristics of drilling fluids that were used while drilling nine wells in the Egyptian Western Desert were investigated. This study proves that the selection of drilling fluid type is not only based on the applications of drilling fluids, cost of drilling fluid or previous experience but also on other factors combined together such as geology of the area, potential problems for each section, make up base fluids availability, waste management techniques, environmental regulations, rig and drilling equipments and drilling data. In this study also, the evaluation of the designed characteristics of the selected types of drilling fluids was made to achieve the required functions such as good hole cleaning, well control, hole stability and to reduce lost circulation problem.
{"title":"The Optimum Types and Characteristics of Drilling Fluids Used During Drilling in The Egyption Westren Desert","authors":"A. Elgibaly, M. Farahat, M. S. A. E. Nabbi","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2018.40453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2018.40453","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the factors that affect the selection of the types and characteristics of drilling fluids that were used while drilling nine wells in the Egyptian Western Desert were investigated. This study proves that the selection of drilling fluid type is not only based on the applications of drilling fluids, cost of drilling fluid or previous experience but also on other factors combined together such as geology of the area, potential problems for each section, make up base fluids availability, waste management techniques, environmental regulations, rig and drilling equipments and drilling data. In this study also, the evaluation of the designed characteristics of the selected types of drilling fluids was made to achieve the required functions such as good hole cleaning, well control, hole stability and to reduce lost circulation problem.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43617270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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