Pub Date : 2021-06-05DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2021.76044.1082
K. Elmaadawy
Oil characteristics; Source rock potential; Abu RudeisAbu Zenima area; Gulf of Suez Abstract The Gulf of Suez region is one of the most important petroleum provinces in Egypt and the Abu Rudeis-Abu Zenima area (ARAZ) located in the central province of the Suez Gulf on the eastern side. The scope of the current work is to evaluate the oils in the ARAZ area to identify oils characteristics and source rock potential using the data of whole oil gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), in addition to stable carbon isotope analysis and vanadium and nickel contents. The bulk oils composition in ARAZ area characterized by moderate saturates and aromatics contents, high sulfur and NSO &asphaltene contents and heavy and normal API gravity. The composition of oils differs primarily due to their degree of thermal maturity. The oils generated from algal marine material with little terrestrial materials deposited under anoxic depositional conditions suggested by a low Pristane/Phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio. Moreover, the oils generated from carbonate source rocks of Thebes and Duwi rock units indicated by high C31-C35 Hopanes (45-50%) and C35/C34 extended Hopane ratio (0.99 – 1.12). The oils reached the peak-oil generation stage (0.85% Ro) indicated by the sterane isomerization ratio (20S % C29) that is less than 55 %. The oils of ARAZ area are matched the oils of the Gulf of Suez.
{"title":"Oil characteristics and source rock potential of Abu Rudeis-Abu Zenima area, Central province, Gulf of Suez, Egypt","authors":"K. Elmaadawy","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2021.76044.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2021.76044.1082","url":null,"abstract":"Oil characteristics; Source rock potential; Abu RudeisAbu Zenima area; Gulf of Suez Abstract The Gulf of Suez region is one of the most important petroleum provinces in Egypt and the Abu Rudeis-Abu Zenima area (ARAZ) located in the central province of the Suez Gulf on the eastern side. The scope of the current work is to evaluate the oils in the ARAZ area to identify oils characteristics and source rock potential using the data of whole oil gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), in addition to stable carbon isotope analysis and vanadium and nickel contents. The bulk oils composition in ARAZ area characterized by moderate saturates and aromatics contents, high sulfur and NSO &asphaltene contents and heavy and normal API gravity. The composition of oils differs primarily due to their degree of thermal maturity. The oils generated from algal marine material with little terrestrial materials deposited under anoxic depositional conditions suggested by a low Pristane/Phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio. Moreover, the oils generated from carbonate source rocks of Thebes and Duwi rock units indicated by high C31-C35 Hopanes (45-50%) and C35/C34 extended Hopane ratio (0.99 – 1.12). The oils reached the peak-oil generation stage (0.85% Ro) indicated by the sterane isomerization ratio (20S % C29) that is less than 55 %. The oils of ARAZ area are matched the oils of the Gulf of Suez.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45070902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2021.68894.1079
Fadel S. Hamid, A. Elsayed, O. Elkady, A. El-Nikhaily, A. Essa
Cu-(TiC/Al2O3) nanocomposite was synthesized successfully using the powder metallurgy route. The constituents are first ball-milled and then sintered using the spark plasma sintering technique. The tribological and physical properties are investigated. The homogeneity and of ceramics distribution were also evaluated using SEM and XRD. Results showed that TiC and Al2O3 nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed all over the Cu matrix. Copper reinforced with 3 wt.% Al2O3 and hybrid (3 wt. % TiC and Al2O3) had the lowest relative density (95 %). The hybrid (3 wt. % TiC and Al2O3) sample had a higher wear rate value (1.7 * 10-3) at 25 N load, while the sample reinforced with 3 wt.% TiC had the lowest value (0.5 * 10-3) at 25 N load. Cu-Al2O3 exhibited a higher hardness value (149 HV). The highest electrical and thermal conductivities are recorded for the Cu -TiC that were (20.76 MS/m) and (149.03 W/m. k) respectively.
{"title":"Synthesis and Evaluation of Strengthened Copper with 3 wt. % TiC and/ or Al2O3 Prepared By SPS Technique","authors":"Fadel S. Hamid, A. Elsayed, O. Elkady, A. El-Nikhaily, A. Essa","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2021.68894.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2021.68894.1079","url":null,"abstract":"Cu-(TiC/Al2O3) nanocomposite was synthesized successfully using the powder metallurgy route. The constituents are first ball-milled and then sintered using the spark plasma sintering technique. The tribological and physical properties are investigated. The homogeneity and of ceramics distribution were also evaluated using SEM and XRD. Results showed that TiC and Al2O3 nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed all over the Cu matrix. Copper reinforced with 3 wt.% Al2O3 and hybrid (3 wt. % TiC and Al2O3) had the lowest relative density (95 %). The hybrid (3 wt. % TiC and Al2O3) sample had a higher wear rate value (1.7 * 10-3) at 25 N load, while the sample reinforced with 3 wt.% TiC had the lowest value (0.5 * 10-3) at 25 N load. Cu-Al2O3 exhibited a higher hardness value (149 HV). The highest electrical and thermal conductivities are recorded for the Cu -TiC that were (20.76 MS/m) and (149.03 W/m. k) respectively.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48524160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2021.67482.1076
Abdallah Ahmed Elgharbawy, W. Sadik, O. Sadek, M. A. Kasaby
Diesel or petro-diesel is a non-renewable fossil fuel that is derived from crude oil and it is likely to be exhausted shortly. Since diesel comes from non-renewable resources, this leads to a rise in energy costs especially with the decline of crude oil production. Biodiesel is a type of biofuel that has a composition and combustion properties similar to petrodiesel fuel. Renewable resources such as vegetable oil, algae, and animal fats are crucial feedstocks for biodiesel production. Biodiesel is a renewable and clean fuel as it reduces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter emissions compared with petroleum-based diesel fuel. The conversion of vegetable oil to alkyl esters (biodiesel) depends upon certain parameters that affect the biodiesel production process such as catalyst concentration, methanol to waste cooking oil ratio, temperature, mixing rate, and reaction time. In this paper, the effect of reaction parameters on the yield quantity and properties will be shown.
{"title":"Transesterification reaction conditions and low-quality feedstock treatment processes for biodiesel production- A review","authors":"Abdallah Ahmed Elgharbawy, W. Sadik, O. Sadek, M. A. Kasaby","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2021.67482.1076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2021.67482.1076","url":null,"abstract":"Diesel or petro-diesel is a non-renewable fossil fuel that is derived from crude oil and it is likely to be exhausted shortly. Since diesel comes from non-renewable resources, this leads to a rise in energy costs especially with the decline of crude oil production. Biodiesel is a type of biofuel that has a composition and combustion properties similar to petrodiesel fuel. Renewable resources such as vegetable oil, algae, and animal fats are crucial feedstocks for biodiesel production. Biodiesel is a renewable and clean fuel as it reduces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter emissions compared with petroleum-based diesel fuel. The conversion of vegetable oil to alkyl esters (biodiesel) depends upon certain parameters that affect the biodiesel production process such as catalyst concentration, methanol to waste cooking oil ratio, temperature, mixing rate, and reaction time. In this paper, the effect of reaction parameters on the yield quantity and properties will be shown.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"102 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41290866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-23DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2021.69751.1080
Eman El-Shenawy, Abdelrahman Younis Alanany, A. El-Nikhaily, A. Essa
Elshenawy, E. H., Alanany, A. Y., El-Nikhaily, A. E. and Essa, A. R.S. b,c* a Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Metals Technology Division, P.O. 87 Helwan b Mechanical Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez University, Suez, Egypt c Mechanical Engineering Department, Egyptian Academy for Engineering & Advanced Technology, Affiliated to Ministry of Military Production, Cairo, Egypt *Corresponding author e-mail: ahmed.eessa@suezuniv.edu.eg
Elshenawy, E. H.， Alanany, a . Y.， El-Nikhaily, a . E.和Essa, a . R.S. b,c* a中央冶金研究与发展研究所(CMRDI)，金属技术部，P.O. 87 Helwan b苏伊士大学技术与教育学院机械系埃及开罗埃及军事生产部工程与先进技术学院机械工程系通讯作者e-mail: ahmed.eessa@suezuniv.edu.eg
{"title":"Studying the Effects of Accumulative Roll Bonding Cycles on the Mechanical Properties of AA1050 Aluminum Alloy","authors":"Eman El-Shenawy, Abdelrahman Younis Alanany, A. El-Nikhaily, A. Essa","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2021.69751.1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2021.69751.1080","url":null,"abstract":"Elshenawy, E. H., Alanany, A. Y., El-Nikhaily, A. E. and Essa, A. R.S. b,c* a Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Metals Technology Division, P.O. 87 Helwan b Mechanical Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez University, Suez, Egypt c Mechanical Engineering Department, Egyptian Academy for Engineering & Advanced Technology, Affiliated to Ministry of Military Production, Cairo, Egypt *Corresponding author e-mail: ahmed.eessa@suezuniv.edu.eg","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46950254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2021.49775.1058
B. Ahmed, M. G. Khalifa, sanaa Abd El Momen
Mill scale is one of the byproducts which produced during the processing of steel.It is rich in iron(≥ 70%), has lower impurities and a stable chemical composition. The present research studies the effects of partial replacement of iron ore with different proportions of mill scale on the sinter charge. The results in this study showed that with an increase in iron ore substitution by mill scale at 3%, the rate of production increases from 21.94 to 25.50 ton/m 2 /day (16.2%), the vertical velocity increases from 0.0192 to 0.0217 m/min (13%)and the strength of the produced sinter increases from 88% to 90% (2%). Thus, the bulk density increases, but this negatively affects the reducibility degrees and apparent porosity of the produced sinter. At 2% mill scale, both reducibility and apparent porosity reach their highest values (66.42, 20.53%),respectively. On the other hand, the bulk density and softening interval decrease to the lowest values (2.3 gm/cm 3 , 70%), respectively.
磨皮是钢铁加工过程中产生的副产品之一。含铁量丰富(≥70%)，杂质少，化学成分稳定。本文研究了不同磨矿比例的铁矿石部分置换对烧结矿料的影响。结果表明，当磨矿规模替代量增加3%时，生产速率从21.94 t / m2 /d提高到25.50 t / m2 /d(16.2%)，垂直速度从0.0192 m/min提高到0.0217 m/min(13%)，烧结矿强度从88%提高到90%(2%)。因此，堆积密度增加，但这对烧结矿的还原性和表观孔隙率产生负面影响。在2%磨级时，还原性和表观孔隙度均达到最高值，分别为66.42%和20.53%。容重和软化间隔分别降至最小值(2.3 gm/ cm3, 70%)。
{"title":"Effect of Partial Replacement of Iron ore by Mill Scale on the Sinter Process","authors":"B. Ahmed, M. G. Khalifa, sanaa Abd El Momen","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2021.49775.1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2021.49775.1058","url":null,"abstract":"Mill scale is one of the byproducts which produced during the processing of steel.It is rich in iron(≥ 70%), has lower impurities and a stable chemical composition. The present research studies the effects of partial replacement of iron ore with different proportions of mill scale on the sinter charge. The results in this study showed that with an increase in iron ore substitution by mill scale at 3%, the rate of production increases from 21.94 to 25.50 ton/m 2 /day (16.2%), the vertical velocity increases from 0.0192 to 0.0217 m/min (13%)and the strength of the produced sinter increases from 88% to 90% (2%). Thus, the bulk density increases, but this negatively affects the reducibility degrees and apparent porosity of the produced sinter. At 2% mill scale, both reducibility and apparent porosity reach their highest values (66.42, 20.53%),respectively. On the other hand, the bulk density and softening interval decrease to the lowest values (2.3 gm/cm 3 , 70%), respectively.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43007579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2021.52149.1062
Omid Hazbeh, Mehdi Ahmadi Alvar, Saeed Khezerloo-ye Aghdam, Hamzeh Ghorbani, N. Mohamadian, J. Moghadasi
Achieving important and effective reservoir parameters requires a lot of time and cost, and also achieving these devices is sometimes not possible. In this research, a dataset including 565 datapoints collected from published articles have been used. The input data for forecasting oil formation volume factor (OFVF) were solution gas oil ratio (Rs), gas specific gravity (γg), API gravity (API0) (or oil density γo), and temperature (T). We have tried to introduce two hybrid methods multilayer perceptron (MLP) with artificial bee colony (ABC) and firefly (FF) algorithms to predict this parameter and compare their results after extraction. After essential investigations in this study, the results show that MLP-ABC gives the best accuracy for predicting OFVF. For MLP-ABC model OFVF prediction accuracy in terms of RMSE T> API> γg and these results show that the effect of Rs is more than other input variables and the effect of γg is the lowest.
{"title":"Hybrid computing models to predict oil formation volume factor using multilayer perceptron algorithm","authors":"Omid Hazbeh, Mehdi Ahmadi Alvar, Saeed Khezerloo-ye Aghdam, Hamzeh Ghorbani, N. Mohamadian, J. Moghadasi","doi":"10.21608/JPME.2021.52149.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JPME.2021.52149.1062","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving important and effective reservoir parameters requires a lot of time and cost, and also achieving these devices is sometimes not possible. In this research, a dataset including 565 datapoints collected from published articles have been used. The input data for forecasting oil formation volume factor (OFVF) were solution gas oil ratio (Rs), gas specific gravity (γg), API gravity (API0) (or oil density γo), and temperature (T). We have tried to introduce two hybrid methods multilayer perceptron (MLP) with artificial bee colony (ABC) and firefly (FF) algorithms to predict this parameter and compare their results after extraction. After essential investigations in this study, the results show that MLP-ABC gives the best accuracy for predicting OFVF. For MLP-ABC model OFVF prediction accuracy in terms of RMSE T> API> γg and these results show that the effect of Rs is more than other input variables and the effect of γg is the lowest.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47971015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2020.28947.1032
A. Seifelnassr, A. Abouzeid, G. Abdalla
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative study between the grindabiltiy of quartz by compression and impact forces as two different modes of size reduction in mineral comminution. The compression tests are carried out in a piston die, and the impact tests are performed using a stamp mill. Two quartz size fractions, (-6.3+4.75mm) and (-2.36+1.7mm) at sample weights of 150 and 100 grams were used for comparison of the behavior of quartz under the two different modes of material disintegration forces. The obtained results showed that the cumulative weight of the product size distributions is reasonably normalizable with respect to the median particle size, X50, for both compression and impact modes. The specific energy expended is inversely proportional to the median size of the products, and the reduction ratios (RR), X50f/X50p, are directly proportional to the applied forces in both grinding modes, and hence, to the specific energy expended. However, under the studied conditions, there is superiority of grinding by impact force, particularly at the high energy levels, over compression grinding in terms of reduction ratios and the fineness of the ground product. Analysis of the results points to conclusions concerning the choice of grinding equipment ensuring the most beneficial course of the size reduction process for a specific job.
{"title":"Grindability of Quartz under Compressive and Impact Forces","authors":"A. Seifelnassr, A. Abouzeid, G. Abdalla","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2020.28947.1032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2020.28947.1032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This paper presents a comparative study between the grindabiltiy of quartz by compression and impact forces as two different modes of size reduction in mineral comminution. The compression tests are carried out in a piston die, and the impact tests are performed using a stamp mill. Two quartz size fractions, (-6.3+4.75mm) and (-2.36+1.7mm) at sample weights of 150 and 100 grams were used for comparison of the behavior of quartz under the two different modes of material disintegration forces. The obtained results showed that the cumulative weight of the product size distributions is reasonably normalizable with respect to the median particle size, X50, for both compression and impact modes. The specific energy expended is inversely proportional to the median size of the products, and the reduction ratios (RR), X50f/X50p, are directly proportional to the applied forces in both grinding modes, and hence, to the specific energy expended. However, under the studied conditions, there is superiority of grinding by impact force, particularly at the high energy levels, over compression grinding in terms of reduction ratios and the fineness of the ground product. Analysis of the results points to conclusions concerning the choice of grinding equipment ensuring the most beneficial course of the size reduction process for a specific job.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44195433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-18DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2020.30541.1033
G. Abdalla, Khalid Youssif, E. Elbadry, Mohamed Ali
Thermal behaviour of three cells at Egyptalum smelter was investigated during baking and start-up stages by inserting twenty thermocouples in the sidewall carbon blocks and ten thermocouples in the bottom carbon blocks. The baking time, final average cathode surface temperature and the relative standard deviation for the anodic current distribution for these cells were about 71 h, 852 °C and 10 %, respectively. The heat-up rate during baking stage and the cell stability during the early operation period were improved. Temperatures in the sidewall carbon blocks at the end the baking stage in the range between 71 and 113°C and gradually increased after start-up stage to the temperatures in the range between 558 and 737 °C. The start-up time for these cells was 52 h. Valuable thermal relations were obtained between the sidewall carbon blocks and the steel shell during the baking and start-up stages. The results showed the sidewall carbon temperatures were unaffected by small voltage changes during the baking stage, but it affected by small voltage changes during the start-up stage.
{"title":"THERMAL ANALYSIS OF THE BAKING AND START-UP STAGES FOR HALL –HEROULT CELLS AT EGYPTALUM SMELTER","authors":"G. Abdalla, Khalid Youssif, E. Elbadry, Mohamed Ali","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2020.30541.1033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2020.30541.1033","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal behaviour of three cells at Egyptalum smelter was investigated during baking and start-up stages by inserting twenty thermocouples in the sidewall carbon blocks and ten thermocouples in the bottom carbon blocks. The baking time, final average cathode surface temperature and the relative standard deviation for the anodic current distribution for these cells were about 71 h, 852 °C and 10 %, respectively. The heat-up rate during baking stage and the cell stability during the early operation period were improved. Temperatures in the sidewall carbon blocks at the end the baking stage in the range between 71 and 113°C and gradually increased after start-up stage to the temperatures in the range between 558 and 737 °C. The start-up time for these cells was 52 h. Valuable thermal relations were obtained between the sidewall carbon blocks and the steel shell during the baking and start-up stages. The results showed the sidewall carbon temperatures were unaffected by small voltage changes during the baking stage, but it affected by small voltage changes during the start-up stage.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43634923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-03DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2020.23635.1026
Tarek Salama, M. Karam, A. Hegazi
A geotechnical investigation was carried out aton the soil ofEl-Alamein New City, northern coast. The tests include both in-situ and laboratorial tests. The achieved results reveal that the soil profiledisplaysdifferent layers; these are the topmost fill layer, the sandstone layer, the upper limestone layer, the clayey layer,the middle gypsiferous limestone layer and finally the lower limestone layer. Generally, the fill layer is fine- to medium-grained sand. The sand layerhas relative density very loose, loose to medium(SPT: 1-20 blows/ft).The upper limestone layer is moderately-weak, and has strongunconfined compressive strength (qu:91,326kg/cm2) and very poor quality (R.Q.D: 0-12%). A very poor kaolinite layer has high swelling potential (PI: 16-54%)and high water content (31- 44%).The middle gypsiferous limestone layer (7.5 12m thick) hasa weak unconfined compressive strength (qu: 37-50 kg/cm2) which is poor to very poor quality (R.Q.D: 15-35%).The lower limestone layer has moderately strong unconfined compressive strength (qu: 114 kg/cm2) and very poor quality (R.Q.D: 0-10%).Several kaolinite to illite lenses are encountered within this layer which have very high swelling potential.
{"title":"GEOTECHNICAL EVALUATION OF SOIL AT EL-ALAMEIN NEW CITY, NORTHERN COAST, EGYPT","authors":"Tarek Salama, M. Karam, A. Hegazi","doi":"10.21608/jpme.2020.23635.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2020.23635.1026","url":null,"abstract":"A geotechnical investigation was carried out aton the soil ofEl-Alamein New City, northern coast. The tests include both in-situ and laboratorial tests. The achieved results reveal that the soil profiledisplaysdifferent layers; these are the topmost fill layer, the sandstone layer, the upper limestone layer, the clayey layer,the middle gypsiferous limestone layer and finally the lower limestone layer. Generally, the fill layer is fine- to medium-grained sand. The sand layerhas relative density very loose, loose to medium(SPT: 1-20 blows/ft).The upper limestone layer is moderately-weak, and has strongunconfined compressive strength (qu:91,326kg/cm2) and very poor quality (R.Q.D: 0-12%). A very poor kaolinite layer has high swelling potential (PI: 16-54%)and high water content (31- 44%).The middle gypsiferous limestone layer (7.5 12m thick) hasa weak unconfined compressive strength (qu: 37-50 kg/cm2) which is poor to very poor quality (R.Q.D: 15-35%).The lower limestone layer has moderately strong unconfined compressive strength (qu: 114 kg/cm2) and very poor quality (R.Q.D: 0-10%).Several kaolinite to illite lenses are encountered within this layer which have very high swelling potential.","PeriodicalId":34437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68520575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.21608/JPME.2019.13519.1003
M. Khalefa
Artificial neural network (ANN) is a non-linear statistical technique that being used to describe material behavior. This paper proposes using artificial neural networks (ANNS) in predicting silicon and nickel recovery. During the experimental work, the used optimum parameters are reaction time is 25 min., temperature is 950 ᵒC, Ni2O3 /Al wt. (weight) ratio is 0.082, and Na2SiF6 / Al wt. ratio is 1. Some tests such as chemical analysis, microstructure examination (EDX mapping), XRD diffraction were carried out on the produced alloys. The obtained experimental results are used to train the artificial neural network (ANN). While reaction time, temperature, Ni2O3 /Al wt. ratio, and Na2SiF6 / Al wt. ratio are used as ANN's inputs. Silicon and nickel recovery are used as ANN's outputs. The used ANN consists of three layers; Input layer that includes 4 neurons, the hidden layer includes 9 neurons, while the output layer contains 2 neurons. The Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) is used as the training function. Optimal mean square errors (MSE) for the ANN during predicting and estimating silicon and nickel recovery equal 0.0358, 0.0034, respectively, when reaction time is the variable and other parameters are kept constant, MSE equal 1.4007e-04, 1.3478e-04 when temperature is variable and other parameters are kept constant, MSE equal 1.3839e-04, 9.9891e-05 when Ni2O3/Al wt. ratio was the variable and other parameters are kept constant and finally MSE equal 0.0287, 0.0263 when Na2SiF6 / Al wt. ratio is variable and other parameters are kept constant.
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