Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1784/insi.2022.64.8.459
Alex Mourer, J. Lacaille
Production tests on test-benches are mandatory before aircraft engines are delivered, as the measurements taken during the tests determine whether the engine meets the requirements. They are essential for both aircraft and engine manufacturers and the latter can use them to obtain a comprehensive picture of the performance of each engine. Such tests involve numerous measurements, the analysis of which is a challenging task. The study presented in this paper aims to detect possible biases introduced by the instruments used to measure the engines during the tests, especially the test-bench itself. A method is proposed to correct these biases. At the end, it will be necessary to verify that the data are corrected, ie that the measurements no longer depend on the test-bench on which they were made. This analysis is the follow-up of previous work on thrust tendency estimation[1].
{"title":"Detection and correction of equipment biases during engine tests","authors":"Alex Mourer, J. Lacaille","doi":"10.1784/insi.2022.64.8.459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.8.459","url":null,"abstract":"Production tests on test-benches are mandatory before aircraft engines are delivered, as the measurements taken during the tests determine whether the engine meets the requirements. They are essential for both aircraft and engine manufacturers and the latter can use them to obtain a\u0000 comprehensive picture of the performance of each engine. Such tests involve numerous measurements, the analysis of which is a challenging task. The study presented in this paper aims to detect possible biases introduced by the instruments used to measure the engines during the tests, especially\u0000 the test-bench itself. A method is proposed to correct these biases. At the end, it will be necessary to verify that the data are corrected, ie that the measurements no longer depend on the test-bench on which they were made. This analysis is the follow-up of previous work on thrust tendency\u0000 estimation[1].","PeriodicalId":344397,"journal":{"name":"Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131742437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.383
V. Riffo, C. Pieringer, S. Flores, C. Carrasco
Object recognition using the tactile sense is one of the leading human capacities. This capability is not as developed in robotics as other sensory abilities, for example visual recognition. In addition to a robot's ability to grasp objects without damaging them, it is also helpful to provide these machines with the ability to recognise objects while gently manipulating them, as humans do in the absence of or complementary to other senses. Advances in sensory technology have allowed for the accurate detection of different types of environment; however, the challenge of being able to efficiently represent sensory information persists. In this paper, a sensory system is proposed that allows a robotic gripper armed with pressure sensors to recognise objects through tactile manipulation. A pressure descriptor is designed to characterise the voltage magnitudes across different objects and, finally, machine learning algorithms are used to recognise each object category. The results show that the pressure descriptor characterises the different classes of objects in this experimental set-up. This system can complement other sensory data to perform different tasks in a robotic environment and future research areas are proposed to handle problems with tactile manipulation.
{"title":"Object recognition using tactile sensing in a robotic gripper","authors":"V. Riffo, C. Pieringer, S. Flores, C. Carrasco","doi":"10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.383","url":null,"abstract":"Object recognition using the tactile sense is one of the leading human capacities. This capability is not as developed in robotics as other sensory abilities, for example visual recognition. In addition to a robot's ability to grasp objects without damaging them, it is also helpful\u0000 to provide these machines with the ability to recognise objects while gently manipulating them, as humans do in the absence of or complementary to other senses. Advances in sensory technology have allowed for the accurate detection of different types of environment; however, the challenge\u0000 of being able to efficiently represent sensory information persists. In this paper, a sensory system is proposed that allows a robotic gripper armed with pressure sensors to recognise objects through tactile manipulation. A pressure descriptor is designed to characterise the voltage magnitudes\u0000 across different objects and, finally, machine learning algorithms are used to recognise each object category. The results show that the pressure descriptor characterises the different classes of objects in this experimental set-up. This system can complement other sensory data to perform\u0000 different tasks in a robotic environment and future research areas are proposed to handle problems with tactile manipulation.","PeriodicalId":344397,"journal":{"name":"Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116625336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.404
J. Heusel, B. Baasch, W. Riedler, Michael Roth, S. Shankar, J. Groos
Sea- and inner ports are intermodal traffic nodes that play an important role in transportation, especially in the transportation of goods. The appearance of track defects in a harbour railway network has a negative impact on safety, cost and comfort (for example due to noise emission). The analysis of data obtained by embedded acceleration sensors, which are installed at the axle box of an equipped in-service vehicle, allows for continuous condition monitoring of the track infrastructure. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) develops prototypical modular multi-sensor systems that are used in different operational environments, including on a shunter locomotive operating in an industrial harbour railway network in Braunschweig, Germany. Within the HavenZuG research project, extensive rail longitudinal profile and track geometry measurements have been performed using established inspection methods to obtain the true underlying condition of the railway network. In the present paper, methods for gaining relevant information from the axle-box acceleration (ABA) data are presented and validated with the given reference data. The focus is on detecting defects that are visible in the rail longitudinal profile, mainly rail corrugation. It can be shown that ABA data gathered during everyday shunting operation can be used for detecting corrugation and for inferring rail longitudinal profile parameters.
{"title":"Detecting corrugation defects in harbour railway networks using axle-box acceleration data","authors":"J. Heusel, B. Baasch, W. Riedler, Michael Roth, S. Shankar, J. Groos","doi":"10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.404","url":null,"abstract":"Sea- and inner ports are intermodal traffic nodes that play an important role in transportation, especially in the transportation of goods. The appearance of track defects in a harbour railway network has a negative impact on safety, cost and comfort (for example due to noise emission).\u0000 The analysis of data obtained by embedded acceleration sensors, which are installed at the axle box of an equipped in-service vehicle, allows for continuous condition monitoring of the track infrastructure. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) develops prototypical modular multi-sensor systems\u0000 that are used in different operational environments, including on a shunter locomotive operating in an industrial harbour railway network in Braunschweig, Germany. Within the HavenZuG research project, extensive rail longitudinal profile and track geometry measurements have been performed\u0000 using established inspection methods to obtain the true underlying condition of the railway network. In the present paper, methods for gaining relevant information from the axle-box acceleration (ABA) data are presented and validated with the given reference data. The focus is on detecting\u0000 defects that are visible in the rail longitudinal profile, mainly rail corrugation. It can be shown that ABA data gathered during everyday shunting operation can be used for detecting corrugation and for inferring rail longitudinal profile parameters.","PeriodicalId":344397,"journal":{"name":"Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129026949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.398
M. Kongpuang, R. Culwick, N. Cheputeh, A. Marsh, V. L. Jantara Junior, P. Vallely, S. Kaewunruen, M. Papaelias
Rail defects such as fatigue cracks have been one of the leading root causes of a number of derailments in the past. Cracks that initiate and propagate below the surface are difficult to detect using traditional non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. Acoustic emission (AE) is a more effective method for detecting and monitoring crack growth in rails online. This study investigates the applicability of AE for quantifying damage propagation in austenitic cast manganese steel used in manufacturing railway turnouts. The relationship between AE and crack growth rate in austenitic cast manganese steel samples that were fatigue tested in a three-point bending configuration was investigated by evaluating the AE activity with respect to direct current potential drop (DCPD) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographic analysis of the tested samples. From the results obtained, it was not possible to observe a clear relationship between AE activity and the actual crack growth rate. Based on the SEM fractographic analysis, this is likely due to the plasticity occurring at the tip of the fatigue crack in the tested samples. This is plausible since the cast manganese steel samples had been cut off from a plate that had not been previously work hardened. The effect of carbides present in the microstructure is an additional contributing factor. Further tests should be carried out on cast manganese steel samples that have been work hardened prior to fatigue testing.
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of the structural health of railway turnouts using the acoustic emission technique","authors":"M. Kongpuang, R. Culwick, N. Cheputeh, A. Marsh, V. L. Jantara Junior, P. Vallely, S. Kaewunruen, M. Papaelias","doi":"10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.398","url":null,"abstract":"Rail defects such as fatigue cracks have been one of the leading root causes of a number of derailments in the past. Cracks that initiate and propagate below the surface are difficult to detect using traditional non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. Acoustic emission (AE) is a more\u0000 effective method for detecting and monitoring crack growth in rails online. This study investigates the applicability of AE for quantifying damage propagation in austenitic cast manganese steel used in manufacturing railway turnouts. The relationship between AE and crack growth rate in austenitic\u0000 cast manganese steel samples that were fatigue tested in a three-point bending configuration was investigated by evaluating the AE activity with respect to direct current potential drop (DCPD) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographic analysis of the tested samples.\u0000 From the results obtained, it was not possible to observe a clear relationship between AE activity and the actual crack growth rate. Based on the SEM fractographic analysis, this is likely due to the plasticity occurring at the tip of the fatigue crack in the tested samples. This is plausible\u0000 since the cast manganese steel samples had been cut off from a plate that had not been previously work hardened. The effect of carbides present in the microstructure is an additional contributing factor. Further tests should be carried out on cast manganese steel samples that have been work\u0000 hardened prior to fatigue testing.","PeriodicalId":344397,"journal":{"name":"Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129720486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.377
Feng Yijing, Zhang Laibin, Zheng Wenpei, Liu Haitao
A multidisciplinary non-destructive study based on the rotating electromagnetic field has been carried out in an attempt to inspect cracks in any direction on the inner wall of a pipeline with high precision. In this study, an approach is proposed to test and evaluate pipe integrity. An inspection tool that works according to the rotating electromagnetic field is developed in order to determine stress corrosion cracking. In addition, experiments are carried out to test the practicality of the tool. Firstly, the principle and function of the rotating electromagnetic field tool are revealed and the results show that the tool has an outstanding crack inspection capability on the pipe wall. It can also provide a technical reference for the early warning and long-term safe service of metal structures.
{"title":"Research on pipe in-line inspection technology based on the rotating electromagnetic field","authors":"Feng Yijing, Zhang Laibin, Zheng Wenpei, Liu Haitao","doi":"10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.7.377","url":null,"abstract":"A multidisciplinary non-destructive study based on the rotating electromagnetic field has been carried out in an attempt to inspect cracks in any direction on the inner wall of a pipeline with high precision. In this study, an approach is proposed to test and evaluate pipe integrity.\u0000 An inspection tool that works according to the rotating electromagnetic field is developed in order to determine stress corrosion cracking. In addition, experiments are carried out to test the practicality of the tool. Firstly, the principle and function of the rotating electromagnetic field\u0000 tool are revealed and the results show that the tool has an outstanding crack inspection capability on the pipe wall. It can also provide a technical reference for the early warning and long-term safe service of metal structures.","PeriodicalId":344397,"journal":{"name":"Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125104849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.341
Jia-Wei Liu, Young-Fo Chang
Seismic critical-angle reflectometry (SCR) can hardly be regarded as a reliable standalone method for anisotropic parameter estimation of strata in seismic exploration, but ultrasound critical-angle reflectometry (UCR) is useful in ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) and medical ultrasound for the estimation of anisotropy in media. Therefore, there is a conflict between using critical-angle reflectometry (CR) in seismic exploration and applications of ultrasound. This study aims to find the reason as to why CR is useful in ultrasonic NDT and medical ultrasound but unreliable in seismic exploration for anisotropy estimation of media. The results of the study show that the critical angle can be accurately determined from the maximum amplitude of the reflections for a plane wave as used in ultrasonic NDT and medical ultrasound and thus the anisotropy of the medium can be successfully estimated by UCR. However, for the spherical waves used in seismic exploration, the maximum amplitude of the reflections is shifted towards post-critical offsets and the shift of the maximum amplitude relative to the critical point depends not only on the frequency and model parameters but also the azimuth. Therefore, SCR cannot currently be regarded as a reliable standalone method for the anisotropic parameter estimation of strata.
{"title":"Re-examination of Critical-angle Reflectometry Used in Ultrasonic Non-destructive Testing For Estimating Material Anisotropy","authors":"Jia-Wei Liu, Young-Fo Chang","doi":"10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.341","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic critical-angle reflectometry (SCR) can hardly be regarded as a reliable standalone method for anisotropic parameter estimation of strata in seismic exploration, but ultrasound critical-angle reflectometry (UCR) is useful in ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) and medical\u0000 ultrasound for the estimation of anisotropy in media. Therefore, there is a conflict between using critical-angle reflectometry (CR) in seismic exploration and applications of ultrasound. This study aims to find the reason as to why CR is useful in ultrasonic NDT and medical ultrasound but\u0000 unreliable in seismic exploration for anisotropy estimation of media. The results of the study show that the critical angle can be accurately determined from the maximum amplitude of the reflections for a plane wave as used in ultrasonic NDT and medical ultrasound and thus the anisotropy of\u0000 the medium can be successfully estimated by UCR. However, for the spherical waves used in seismic exploration, the maximum amplitude of the reflections is shifted towards post-critical offsets and the shift of the maximum amplitude relative to the critical point depends not only on the frequency\u0000 and model parameters but also the azimuth. Therefore, SCR cannot currently be regarded as a reliable standalone method for the anisotropic parameter estimation of strata.","PeriodicalId":344397,"journal":{"name":"Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130741776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.326
R. Hanna, M. Sutcliffe, P. Charlton, S. Mosey
Industrial computed tomography (CT) has seen widespread adoption within certain areas of non-destructive testing (NDT), with many commercial systems capable of acquisition and reconstruction of cone-beam CT data. The majority of these systems utilise reconstruction algorithms based on the traditional filtered back-projection (FBP) methods, which are imperfect with respect to limited-angle cone-beam data. These techniques are also inherently restricted in the source trajectories that can be utilised due to the use of Fourier slice theorem. This restricts FBP-based techniques to a circular or helical trajectory. Iterative reconstruction algorithms provide a solution to these limitations as the volume reconstruction does not depend on the location or orientation of the source and detector, allowing the possibility of scanning trajectories that satisfy well-known CT data-sufficiency conditions. This paper proposes a method of reconstruction based on computationally efficient computer graphics algorithms with data collected from points in 3D space not restricted to a single circular trajectory, which is useful within NDT for automated robotic inspection. The algorithms developed allow for rapid processing of the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) for use with X-ray transmission data for CT reconstruction. Experimental results are presented for reconstructions for circular trajectory and points on a sphere to demonstrate the suitability for NDT applications.
{"title":"Efficient Algebraic Image Reconstruction Technique for Computed Tomography","authors":"R. Hanna, M. Sutcliffe, P. Charlton, S. Mosey","doi":"10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.326","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial computed tomography (CT) has seen widespread adoption within certain areas of non-destructive testing (NDT), with many commercial systems capable of acquisition and reconstruction of cone-beam CT data. The majority of these systems utilise reconstruction algorithms based\u0000 on the traditional filtered back-projection (FBP) methods, which are imperfect with respect to limited-angle cone-beam data. These techniques are also inherently restricted in the source trajectories that can be utilised due to the use of Fourier slice theorem. This restricts FBP-based techniques\u0000 to a circular or helical trajectory. Iterative reconstruction algorithms provide a solution to these limitations as the volume reconstruction does not depend on the location or orientation of the source and detector, allowing the possibility of scanning trajectories that satisfy well-known\u0000 CT data-sufficiency conditions. This paper proposes a method of reconstruction based on computationally efficient computer graphics algorithms with data collected from points in 3D space not restricted to a single circular trajectory, which is useful within NDT for automated robotic inspection.\u0000 The algorithms developed allow for rapid processing of the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) for use with X-ray transmission data for CT reconstruction. Experimental results are presented for reconstructions for circular trajectory and points on a sphere to demonstrate the suitability\u0000 for NDT applications.","PeriodicalId":344397,"journal":{"name":"Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128715136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.317
Ming Li, Weihong Li, Xiaoli Wang, Shimin Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zhu
The traditional fixed-point operation robot of natural gas pipeline uses cable as the medium to realise the throughwall communication. However, with the increase of working distance, problems such as increasing cable weight or friction force with the pipeline wall will prevent the work from continuing and have a high potential risk. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward an overall design of the through-wall communication using the extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic wave with strong penetration ability. Firstly, a model of the solenoid transmitting coil is established using the Maxwell finite element simulation module to simulate the distribution of the extremely lowfrequency electromagnetic field. Then, the influence of different factors such as environment and medium on magnetic field intensity are analysed. With STM32F405 as the main control chip and AD9959 as the transmitting signal source, the hardware circuit of the communication system is built. At the same time, an experimental test of the ELF communication system is carried out and the experimental results show that the designed through-wall communication system can achieve good communication inside and outside the tube. The communication distance along the radial direction of the tube can reach 140 cm, which can meet the communication needs of fixed-point operation of the robot in the tube.
{"title":"Experimental Research on a Pipeline Through-wall Communication System Based on Extremely Low Frequency","authors":"Ming Li, Weihong Li, Xiaoli Wang, Shimin Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zhu","doi":"10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.317","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional fixed-point operation robot of natural gas pipeline uses cable as the medium to realise the throughwall communication. However, with the increase of working distance, problems such as increasing cable weight or friction force with the pipeline wall will prevent the work\u0000 from continuing and have a high potential risk. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward an overall design of the through-wall communication using the extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic wave with strong penetration ability. Firstly, a model of the solenoid transmitting\u0000 coil is established using the Maxwell finite element simulation module to simulate the distribution of the extremely lowfrequency electromagnetic field. Then, the influence of different factors such as environment and medium on magnetic field intensity are analysed. With STM32F405 as the main\u0000 control chip and AD9959 as the transmitting signal source, the hardware circuit of the communication system is built. At the same time, an experimental test of the ELF communication system is carried out and the experimental results show that the designed through-wall communication system\u0000 can achieve good communication inside and outside the tube. The communication distance along the radial direction of the tube can reach 140 cm, which can meet the communication needs of fixed-point operation of the robot in the tube.","PeriodicalId":344397,"journal":{"name":"Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114218649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.334
S. Bao, Y. Li, Zhengye Zhao, Tao Jiang, H. Lou
The objective of this research is to investigate the evolution of the piezomagnetic field of 30CrNiMo8 steel under cyclic tensile stress with variable amplitudes and asymmetrical cyclic tensile stress. The piezomagnetic field signal of an initially undemagnetised 30CrNiMo8 steel specimen was recorded simultaneously during the whole loading process. It was found that the magnetic field variation is in contrast to the variation of the applied stress during the elastic stage. However, the magnetic field variation started to be consistent with the variation of the applied stress when approaching and entering the plastic stage. A reasonable explanation was given for understanding this phenomenon. The Villari reversal point and the tail reversal point occurred during the plastic stage, which can be used to characterise the transition state from the elastic to plastic stage. The variations of the Villari reversal point and the tail reversal point under cyclic tensile stress with variable amplitudes were slightly different from those under asymmetrical cyclic tensile stress.
{"title":"Experimental Analysis of the Piezomagnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Steels Subjected To Cyclic Tensile Stress","authors":"S. Bao, Y. Li, Zhengye Zhao, Tao Jiang, H. Lou","doi":"10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.334","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to investigate the evolution of the piezomagnetic field of 30CrNiMo8 steel under cyclic tensile stress with variable amplitudes and asymmetrical cyclic tensile stress. The piezomagnetic field signal of an initially undemagnetised 30CrNiMo8 steel specimen\u0000 was recorded simultaneously during the whole loading process. It was found that the magnetic field variation is in contrast to the variation of the applied stress during the elastic stage. However, the magnetic field variation started to be consistent with the variation of the applied stress\u0000 when approaching and entering the plastic stage. A reasonable explanation was given for understanding this phenomenon. The Villari reversal point and the tail reversal point occurred during the plastic stage, which can be used to characterise the transition state from the elastic to plastic\u0000 stage. The variations of the Villari reversal point and the tail reversal point under cyclic tensile stress with variable amplitudes were slightly different from those under asymmetrical cyclic tensile stress.","PeriodicalId":344397,"journal":{"name":"Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132288746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.349
Jiqing Cai, Huan Wang, Kun Wang, Ling Qin, P. Zhang
The accurate positions of large inclusions in bulk metal can be determined using a computed tomography system but phase information for these inclusions cannot be obtained by the computed tomography method. In-situ phase information for internal material could be non-destructively obtained by an energy-selective diffraction system; however, it is necessary to place the inclusion in the centre of the diffraction area to ensure that the obtained diffraction signal comes from the inclusion material rather than the base material, which is difficult without appropriate non-destructive testing methods. In-situ phase information for large inclusions in the bulk metal could, in principle, be obtained by combining computed tomography and energy-selective X-ray diffraction (ESXRD) in one instrument. In this research, an X-ray analysis device with this capability is built. The computed tomography system and the energy-selective diffraction system share the same tungsten target X-ray source, motion system and spatial coordinates. A simulated sample containing inclusions is fabricated with a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 20 mm. The base material of the simulated sample is aluminium and the inclusions are α-Al2 O3 ceramic spheres with diameters of 1.5 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.5 mm and 5 mm. The diffraction information of some inclusions embedded in the simulated sample is successfully obtained using the combination instrument and the factors affecting the diffraction signal of the inclusions are analysed.
{"title":"In-situ Phase Analysis of Large Inclusions By Combining Computed Tomography And Energy-selective X-ray Diffraction","authors":"Jiqing Cai, Huan Wang, Kun Wang, Ling Qin, P. Zhang","doi":"10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.6.349","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate positions of large inclusions in bulk metal can be determined using a computed tomography system but phase information for these inclusions cannot be obtained by the computed tomography method. In-situ phase information for internal material could be non-destructively obtained\u0000 by an energy-selective diffraction system; however, it is necessary to place the inclusion in the centre of the diffraction area to ensure that the obtained diffraction signal comes from the inclusion material rather than the base material, which is difficult without appropriate non-destructive\u0000 testing methods. In-situ phase information for large inclusions in the bulk metal could, in principle, be obtained by combining computed tomography and energy-selective X-ray diffraction (ESXRD) in one instrument. In this research, an X-ray analysis device with this capability is built. The\u0000 computed tomography system and the energy-selective diffraction system share the same tungsten target X-ray source, motion system and spatial coordinates. A simulated sample containing inclusions is fabricated with a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 20 mm. The base material of the simulated\u0000 sample is aluminium and the inclusions are α-Al2 O3 ceramic spheres with diameters of 1.5 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.5 mm and 5 mm. The diffraction information of some inclusions embedded in the simulated sample is successfully obtained using the combination instrument and the\u0000 factors affecting the diffraction signal of the inclusions are analysed.","PeriodicalId":344397,"journal":{"name":"Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128652890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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