Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100292
Prabhjot Kour , Gunnar Saebo , Kristin Buvik , Janne Scheffels , Øystein Vedaa , Thor Indseth
Background
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, various infection control measures and advice have been issued by different authorities across the world to prevent the spread of the infection and associated mortality. However, the support for and ability to follow recommendations varies across countries and populations. In Norway, studies have shown that immigrants bear a higher burden of COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and associated mortality compared with the general population. This warrants investigation into how people from different backgrounds understand and act in response to COVID-19 measures and advice.
Aim
This qualitative study explored the experiences and perceptions of immigrants in respect of attitudes and barriers to adherence to COVID-19 measures and advice.
Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with immigrants from nine different country backgrounds. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results
The analyses reflected barriers at three different levels: individual, cultural, and systemic. At the individual level, language, information barriers and material barriers formed sub-themes. At the cultural level, expectations relating to collectivistic cultural practice emerged. At the systemic level, poor translation and late dissemination, and overload and frequent modification of information were evident.
Conclusion
This study provides enhanced understanding of how and what immigrants perceive as barriers to adherence to COVID-19 measures and advice. Understanding immigrants’ perspectives is crucial to tailoring policies and improving information dissemination among different groups in the future.
{"title":"Exploring barriers to adherence to COVID-19 infection control measures and advice among immigrants in Norway: A qualitative study","authors":"Prabhjot Kour , Gunnar Saebo , Kristin Buvik , Janne Scheffels , Øystein Vedaa , Thor Indseth","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, various infection control measures and advice have been issued by different authorities across the world to prevent the spread of the infection and associated mortality. However, the support for and ability to follow recommendations varies across countries and populations. In Norway, studies have shown that immigrants bear a higher burden of COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and associated mortality compared with the general population. This warrants investigation into how people from different backgrounds understand and act in response to COVID-19 measures and advice.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This qualitative study explored the experiences and perceptions of immigrants in respect of attitudes and barriers to adherence to COVID-19 measures and advice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In-depth interviews were conducted with immigrants from nine different country backgrounds. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analyses reflected barriers at three different levels: individual, cultural, and systemic. At the individual level, language, information barriers and material barriers formed sub-themes. At the cultural level, expectations relating to collectivistic cultural practice emerged. At the systemic level, poor translation and late dissemination, and overload and frequent modification of information were evident.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides enhanced understanding of how and what immigrants perceive as barriers to adherence to COVID-19 measures and advice. Understanding immigrants’ perspectives is crucial to tailoring policies and improving information dissemination among different groups in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100299
C. Correa-Salazar , J.J. Amon , K.R. Page , A.K. Groves , E.N. Agudelo-Avellaneda , D.S. Torres-Benítez , A. Martínez-Donate
Migrant and refugee women and adolescents are extremely vulnerable in humanitarian crisis and armed conflict contexts. The Venezuelan crisis has unleashed the largest exodus of migrants/refugees in recent Latin American history, most of whom have relocated to Colombia. There is a scarcity of research addressing the how adverse and traumatic experiences related to violence presents mental health amidst the Venezuelan-Colombian humanitarian crisis context and how it affects communities in relocation communities. This study sought to explore how traumatic experiences pre-, during and post-migration might relate to mental health risks for Venezuelan migrant and refugee women and adolescents and assess feasible mechanisms that can protect and promote these populations upon relocation in Colombia. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 migrant women and adolescents, inclusive of cis- and transgender women in two Colombian cities using a participatory-action research framework. Key findngs suggest that parental abandonment in origin contexts, experiences of household and community violence before and after migration and structural barriers to access services are main factors impacting this population. Feasible strategies to promote and support wellbeing and better mental health access ought to include community leaderships and community-based support networks post-migration that can support trust in services, disseminate information and engage vulnerable groups in services.
{"title":"Navigating trauma: Venezuelan women's and adolescent's experiences before and after migration amidst the humanitarian crisis","authors":"C. Correa-Salazar , J.J. Amon , K.R. Page , A.K. Groves , E.N. Agudelo-Avellaneda , D.S. Torres-Benítez , A. Martínez-Donate","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Migrant and refugee women and adolescents are extremely vulnerable in humanitarian crisis and armed conflict contexts. The Venezuelan crisis has unleashed the largest exodus of migrants/refugees in recent Latin American history, most of whom have relocated to Colombia. There is a scarcity of research addressing the how adverse and traumatic experiences related to violence presents mental health amidst the Venezuelan-Colombian humanitarian crisis context and how it affects communities in relocation communities. This study sought to explore how traumatic experiences pre-, during and post-migration might relate to mental health risks for Venezuelan migrant and refugee women and adolescents and assess feasible mechanisms that can protect and promote these populations upon relocation in Colombia. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 migrant women and adolescents, inclusive of cis- and transgender women in two Colombian cities using a participatory-action research framework. Key findngs suggest that parental abandonment in origin contexts, experiences of household and community violence before and after migration and structural barriers to access services are main factors impacting this population. Feasible strategies to promote and support wellbeing and better mental health access ought to include community leaderships and community-based support networks post-migration that can support trust in services, disseminate information and engage vulnerable groups in services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100322
Rachel Murro , Alison M. El Ayadi , Rutuja Patil , Dhiraj Agarwal , Sanjay Juvekar , Juliana Kim , Nadia G. Diamond-Smith
Introduction
Maternal health in rural India has improved due to national initiatives, but inadequate healthcare provision persists across most sociodemographic groups. The connection between perinatal care and the widespread practice of Temporary Childbirth Migration (TCM)—returning to one's natal home for delivery and the postpartum period—remains unexplored.
Methods
Cross-sectional data on migration and health visits were collected from a sample of 1288 women in the Vadu Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) (Western Maharashtra) who gave birth in 2018–2022. Childbirth migration (exposure) was analyzed in three ways: binary (any migration), continuous (duration of stay), and multidimensional (duration of stay and change of provider). Outcomes included number of health visits – both facility check-ups and home visits by community health workers – and early antenatal care initiation. Multivariate poisson, negative binomial and logistic regressions were used. Sensitivity analyses checked for recall bias, the influence of migration distance, and model misspecification.
Results
Migrators and non-migrators had similar outcomes in early antenatal care initiation, facility visits (before and after pregnancy), and prenatal community health worker visits. Migrators had fewer postnatal community health worker visits (IRR = 0.80; 95 % CI 0.70–0.92). Among migrators, longer natal village stays were associated with fewer community health worker visits in the prenatal period (IRR = 0.92; 95 % CI 0.88–0.96) but not postnatally (IRR = 1.03; 95 % CI 1.00–1.07). Women who switched to a new provider upon arriving in their natal village had fewer facility-based prenatal (IRR = 0.86; 95 % CI 0.78–0.96) but more postnatal visits (IRR = 1.41; 95 % CI 1.06–1.87), regardless of how long they stayed.
Conclusion
For women who return to their natal home for childbirth, duration of stay and changing providers upon arrival are linked to differences in receipt of maternal healthcare. Increased attention to the needs of mobile women during the perinatal period is necessary to ensure they can participate in key birth customs while receiving adequate healthcare.
由于国家举措，印度农村的孕产妇保健得到了改善，但大多数社会人口群体仍然存在医疗保健供应不足的问题。围产期护理与临时分娩迁移（TCM）的广泛实践之间的联系仍然未被探索。临时分娩迁移是指回到自己的出生地分娩和产后。方法从Vadu健康和人口监测站（HDSS）（西马哈拉施特拉邦）2018-2022年分娩的1288名妇女样本中收集迁移和健康访问的横断面数据。分娩迁移（暴露）以三种方式进行分析：二元（任何迁移）、连续（停留时间）和多维（停留时间和提供者的变化）。结果包括健康访问的次数——设施检查和社区卫生工作者的家访——以及早期产前护理的开始。采用多元泊松回归、负二项回归和logistic回归。敏感性分析检查了回忆偏差、迁移距离的影响和模型错误说明。结果移民者和非移民者在早期产前保健启动、孕前和孕后设施访问和产前社区卫生工作者访问方面的结果相似。移民出生后社区卫生工作者就诊较少(IRR = 0.80；95% ci 0.70-0.92)。在移徙者中，出生村停留时间越长，产前访问社区卫生工作者的次数越少(IRR = 0.92；95% CI 0.88-0.96)，但出生后没有(IRR = 1.03；95% ci 1.00-1.07)。在抵达出生村后就转到新提供者的妇女，基于设施的产前检查较少(IRR = 0.86；95% CI 0.78-0.96)，但产后随访较多(IRR = 1.41；95% CI 1.06-1.87)，无论停留多久。结论对于返回出生地分娩的妇女，住院时间和抵达后更换提供者与产妇保健接收的差异有关。有必要在围产期更多地关注流动妇女的需求，以确保她们能够在获得适当保健的同时参与关键的分娩习俗。
{"title":"Temporary childbirth migration and perinatal healthcare in rural Maharashtra, India","authors":"Rachel Murro , Alison M. El Ayadi , Rutuja Patil , Dhiraj Agarwal , Sanjay Juvekar , Juliana Kim , Nadia G. Diamond-Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Maternal health in rural India has improved due to national initiatives, but inadequate healthcare provision persists across most sociodemographic groups. The connection between perinatal care and the widespread practice of Temporary Childbirth Migration (TCM)—returning to one's natal home for delivery and the postpartum period—remains unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional data on migration and health visits were collected from a sample of 1288 women in the Vadu Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) (Western Maharashtra) who gave birth in 2018–2022. Childbirth migration (exposure) was analyzed in three ways: binary (any migration), continuous (duration of stay), and multidimensional (duration of stay and change of provider). Outcomes included number of health visits – both facility check-ups and home visits by community health workers – and early antenatal care initiation. Multivariate poisson, negative binomial and logistic regressions were used. Sensitivity analyses checked for recall bias, the influence of migration distance, and model misspecification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Migrators and non-migrators had similar outcomes in early antenatal care initiation, facility visits (before and after pregnancy), and prenatal community health worker visits. Migrators had fewer postnatal community health worker visits (IRR = 0.80; 95 % CI 0.70–0.92). Among migrators, longer natal village stays were associated with fewer community health worker visits in the prenatal period (IRR = 0.92; 95 % CI 0.88–0.96) but not postnatally (IRR = 1.03; 95 % CI 1.00–1.07). Women who switched to a new provider upon arriving in their natal village had fewer facility-based prenatal (IRR = 0.86; 95 % CI 0.78–0.96) but more postnatal visits (IRR = 1.41; 95 % CI 1.06–1.87), regardless of how long they stayed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>For women who return to their natal home for childbirth, duration of stay and changing providers upon arrival are linked to differences in receipt of maternal healthcare. Increased attention to the needs of mobile women during the perinatal period is necessary to ensure they can participate in key birth customs while receiving adequate healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100348
Patricia Silva , Henrique Pereira
This study aimed to develop and validate a self-report scale to measure the psychosocial adaptation of migrant women, integrating dimensions of psychological and sociocultural adaptation. After a literature review and focus group with migrant women, the Psychosocial Adaptation Scale for Migrant Women (PAS-MW) with 22 items was developed. For the validation, we conducted (I) the evaluation of internal consistency, sensitivity, difficulty, and reliability of the items, (II) exploratory factor analysis, (III) analysis of construct validity (convergent, discriminant, comparison between known groups and correlations), and (IV) predictive criterion validity. Factor analysis identified two most significant factors, representing components of psychological adaptation (Factor 1) and sociocultural adaptation (Factor 2). The final scale showed great internal consistency (α = 0.87, ω = 0.875, KMO = 0.850, and Bartlett's significant). The construct and criterion validity were significant and consistent with the previous theory. The PAS-MW offers a specific instrument for assessing the psychosocial adaptation process of migrant women. Future studies could explore the application in diverse cultural contexts and compare its results between different groups of migrant women.
{"title":"Development and validation of a psychosocial adaptation scale for migrant women (PAS-MW)","authors":"Patricia Silva , Henrique Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to develop and validate a self-report scale to measure the psychosocial adaptation of migrant women, integrating dimensions of psychological and sociocultural adaptation. After a literature review and focus group with migrant women, the Psychosocial Adaptation Scale for Migrant Women (PAS-MW) with 22 items was developed. For the validation, we conducted (I) the evaluation of internal consistency, sensitivity, difficulty, and reliability of the items, (II) exploratory factor analysis, (III) analysis of construct validity (convergent, discriminant, comparison between known groups and correlations), and (IV) predictive criterion validity. Factor analysis identified two most significant factors, representing components of psychological adaptation (Factor 1) and sociocultural adaptation (Factor 2). The final scale showed great internal consistency (α = 0.87, ω = 0.875, KMO = 0.850, and Bartlett's significant). The construct and criterion validity were significant and consistent with the previous theory. The PAS-MW offers a specific instrument for assessing the psychosocial adaptation process of migrant women. Future studies could explore the application in diverse cultural contexts and compare its results between different groups of migrant women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100209
Dominik Zenner , Renzo R. Guinto , Helena Legido-Quigley
{"title":"Connecting the dots: The triangle of migration, health and climate change","authors":"Dominik Zenner , Renzo R. Guinto , Helena Legido-Quigley","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100209","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influx of African immigrants and their offspring to United States has increased the heterogeneity of the Black communities. While COVID-19 has lay bare the disproportionate impact of the virus on Black communities, the perceptions and reactions of African immigrants’ offspring to the pandemic is yet to be explored. As part of an ongoing project on COVID-19 and African Immigrants and Refugees (AIR), interviews were conducted with participants that identified as African immigrant offspring and young adults who migrated to the US. Interview questions were guided by the Social Ecological Model, and data was analyzed using thematic analysis approach. Key findings highlight the prevalence of misinformation and key information sources, crystallized into four themes: (1) knowledge of COVID-19; (2) sources of information about COVID-19; (3) cultural self-identity and US healthcare system: and (4) spirituality, healing and COVID-19. Participants had adequate knowledge, and preventive measures about COVID-19, though earlier interviews among them during the early stage of the pandemic showed confusion about the nature of the virus. The value of family networks as sources of information and misinformation, especially through social media was salient in participants’ discussion, while the overload of news media was a source of concern leading to disengagement. Participants’ cultural self-identity served as lens in interpreting their interactions with the US healthcare system, while the value of spirituality and traditional remedies to healing were discussed as tools for coping with the pandemic. Efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccine should consider the multicultural values of this population.
{"title":"The perceptions and reactions to COVID-19 among offspring of African immigrants and young adults who migrated to the U.S․","authors":"Titilayo A. Okoror , Abi Fapohunda , Kelechi Ibe-Lamberts , Daudet Ilunga Tshiswaka , Jade Oghoanina , Deanna Keenan , Mmekom Udosen , Yayra Akolly , Danita Hingston","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influx of African immigrants and their offspring to United States has increased the heterogeneity of the Black communities. While COVID-19 has lay bare the disproportionate impact of the virus on Black communities, the perceptions and reactions of African immigrants’ offspring to the pandemic is yet to be explored. As part of an ongoing project on COVID-19 and African Immigrants and Refugees (AIR), interviews were conducted with participants that identified as African immigrant offspring and young adults who migrated to the US. Interview questions were guided by the Social Ecological Model, and data was analyzed using thematic analysis approach. Key findings highlight the prevalence of misinformation and key information sources, crystallized into four themes: (1) knowledge of COVID-19; (2) sources of information about COVID-19; (3) cultural self-identity and US healthcare system: and (4) spirituality, healing and COVID-19. Participants had adequate knowledge, and preventive measures about COVID-19, though earlier interviews among them during the early stage of the pandemic showed confusion about the nature of the virus. The value of family networks as sources of information and misinformation, especially through social media was salient in participants’ discussion, while the overload of news media was a source of concern leading to disengagement. Participants’ cultural self-identity served as lens in interpreting their interactions with the US healthcare system, while the value of spirituality and traditional remedies to healing were discussed as tools for coping with the pandemic. Efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccine should consider the multicultural values of this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100296
Ishika Obeegadoo , Mila Kingsbury , Kelly K. Anderson , Ian Colman
Background
The number of people migrating globally has drastically increased in the last two decades and continues to rise. Although adult migrants are typically in better health than the population they migrate to, the evidence regarding migrant children's health, and especially their mental health, is mixed.
Objectives
To assess whether the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt differs between first- and second-generation immigrant youth, compared to non-immigrants, and whether other sociodemographic factors moderate any associations.
Methods
We analyzed a subsample of youth aged 15–17 years from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth – a national, representative, cross-sectional survey. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis, with past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempt as outcomes and migrant status as exposure. We also investigated whether sociodemographic factors (including sex, family income, parental divorce) moderated these associations using interaction terms.
Results
Second-generation immigrants had almost twice the risk of first-generation immigrants and non-immigrants of having attempted suicide (OR 1.68, 95%CI: 1.07, 2.63). The association between second-generation immigrant status and suicide attempt was stronger among those not from low-income households (OR 2.04, 95%CI: 1.30, 3.21) and those with divorced parents (OR 5.19, 95%CI: 1.41, 19.12). The association between second-generation immigrant status and suicidal ideation was stronger among males (OR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.07) and those with divorced parents (OR 4.13, 95%CI 1.40, 12.14). Additionally, some effects among first-generation immigrants varied by time since arrival.
Relevance
The healthy immigrant effect with respect to suicidality does not appear to pass from the first-generation to the second-generation. The magnitude of effect among second generation immigrant youth varies according to other sociodemographic factors.
{"title":"Suicidality in first-generation, second-generation and non-immigrant youth in Canada","authors":"Ishika Obeegadoo , Mila Kingsbury , Kelly K. Anderson , Ian Colman","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The number of people migrating globally has drastically increased in the last two decades and continues to rise. Although adult migrants are typically in better health than the population they migrate to, the evidence regarding migrant children's health, and especially their mental health, is mixed.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess whether the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt differs between first- and second-generation immigrant youth, compared to non-immigrants, and whether other sociodemographic factors moderate any associations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed a subsample of youth aged 15–17 years from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth – a national, representative, cross-sectional survey. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis, with past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempt as outcomes and migrant status as exposure. We also investigated whether sociodemographic factors (including sex, family income, parental divorce) moderated these associations using interaction terms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Second-generation immigrants had almost twice the risk of first-generation immigrants and non-immigrants of having attempted suicide (OR 1.68, 95%CI: 1.07, 2.63). The association between second-generation immigrant status and suicide attempt was stronger among those not from low-income households (OR 2.04, 95%CI: 1.30, 3.21) and those with divorced parents (OR 5.19, 95%CI: 1.41, 19.12). The association between second-generation immigrant status and suicidal ideation was stronger among males (OR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.07) and those with divorced parents (OR 4.13, 95%CI 1.40, 12.14). Additionally, some effects among first-generation immigrants varied by time since arrival.</div></div><div><h3>Relevance</h3><div>The healthy immigrant effect with respect to suicidality does not appear to pass from the first-generation to the second-generation. The magnitude of effect among second generation immigrant youth varies according to other sociodemographic factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poor tribal communities migrate from rural to urban areas to tackle their financial hardships. However, limited empirical literature collectively delves into the implications of health and educational attainments of household members of migrant households, while examining the intricate dynamics of labour migration among tribal Indian communities in India.
Objective
This study aims to examine the effects of labour migration on household health and education for accompanied and left-behind children.
Methods
Twenty-two semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions (6–8 participants) were conducted in four tribal communities in India from August to November 2022 comprising 14 migrant households that recently returned from migration, three left behind adolescents of school age, three primary school head teachers and two Panchayat heads (community head). Data were analysed through an inductive thematic approach.
Results
Participants identified a lack of adequate housing and sanitation conditions, with intense and long labour hours as conditions at migration destinations that affect their health. Lack of maternal and child healthcare is staggering at the place of work. In particular, our findings revealed that temporary labour migrants do not enrol their children in schools; however, the case was different from permanent and long-term migrants who enrol their children in private schools. At their place of origin, school teachers reported frequent school dropouts, low enrolment, attendance and poor academic achievements among children of migrating households. There is prominent gender dynamics in academic performances, and its determinants. Early age marriage and joining labour force dropping-out of school is common.
Conclusion
The results highlight the negative effects of migration as a livelihood strategy on rural communities, particularly in the health and education of household members, asking for immediate government interventions.
{"title":"Implications of migration on health and education: returned migrants and school teachers perspective in India: A qualitative study","authors":"Bernard Attah-Otu , Nikita Jaiswal , Priya Gupta , Angan Sengupta","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Poor tribal communities migrate from rural to urban areas to tackle their financial hardships. However, limited empirical literature collectively delves into the implications of health and educational attainments of household members of migrant households, while examining the intricate dynamics of labour migration among tribal Indian communities in India.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to examine the effects of labour migration on household health and education for accompanied and left-behind children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-two semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions (6–8 participants) were conducted in four tribal communities in India from August to November 2022 comprising 14 migrant households that recently returned from migration, three left behind adolescents of school age, three primary school head teachers and two Panchayat heads (community head). Data were analysed through an inductive thematic approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants identified a lack of adequate housing and sanitation conditions, with intense and long labour hours as conditions at migration destinations that affect their health. Lack of maternal and child healthcare is staggering at the place of work. In particular, our findings revealed that temporary labour migrants do not enrol their children in schools; however, the case was different from permanent and long-term migrants who enrol their children in private schools. At their place of origin, school teachers reported frequent school dropouts, low enrolment, attendance and poor academic achievements among children of migrating households. There is prominent gender dynamics in academic performances, and its determinants. Early age marriage and joining labour force dropping-out of school is common.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results highlight the negative effects of migration as a livelihood strategy on rural communities, particularly in the health and education of household members, asking for immediate government interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100317
Bridget Kiely , James Larkin , Kathryn Mullan , Maitiú ó Tuathail , Emma Coughlan , Debbie Marshall , Margaret Fitzgerald , Fiona O'Reilly
Background
The mental health needs of refugees and asylum seekers are often unmet. Many screening methods for mental health problems in refugees and asylum seekers have been suggested, but the optimal method for identifying those at risk has not been determined. The PROTECT questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ4) are two tools currently being used to identify refugees and asylum seekers at risk of mental health problems in Ireland, but there is limited data on the prevalence of positive scores or risk factors for these to inform health service planning.
Methods
Cross sectional analysis was conducted of anonymous data of all adult asylum seekers or refugees who completed a PHQ4 and PROTECT questionnaire during their nurse conducted arrival health assessment within a one-year period. Data collected include: gender, age category, marital status, family unit, country of origin, refugee/asylum status, medical conditions, mental health conditions, exposure to violence, PROTECT score, PHQ4 score and outcome of GP mental health review. Statistical analysis was completed using R.
Results
440 people completed a PROTECT and PHQ4 questionnaire. 198 people had a GP review based on either a positive PROTECT or PHQ4 score. Among all participants, 9.1 % (n = 40) were diagnosed with depression, 15.0 % (n = 66) were diagnosed with PTSD, 3.8 % (n = 17) had an adjustment disorder and 3.7 % had anxiety.. There was a positive correlation between PHQ-4 score and PROTECT score, (rs = 0.738, p < .001) although the PROTECT score identified more cases of PTSD and depression. Being female (aOR: 2.47 95 % CI: 1.59–3.86) and country of origin Zimbabwe (aOR: 3.19 95 % CI: 1.56–6.53) was associated with a positive PROTECT score. Country of origin was negatively associated with PROTECT score for Syria (aOR: 0.32 95 % CI: 0.15–0.65). There were similar findings for PHQ4.
Conclusions
Rates of depression, anxiety and PTSD were similar to other studies. There was a strong correlation between PHQ4 scores and PROTECT but with PROTECT ultimately identifying more cases of depression and PTSD, suggesting it may be reasonable to use it alone. Whichever screening tool is used, adequate healthcare resources need to be available for further assessment and treatment. Participants from Syria were less likely to have a positive score compared to others and further research is required to understand the reasons for this.
{"title":"Prevalence of psychological distress detected by the PROTECT and PHQ4 questionnaires and subsequent mental health diagnosis. A cross sectional analysis of the outcomes of new arrival health assessments for refugees and asylum seekers in Ireland","authors":"Bridget Kiely , James Larkin , Kathryn Mullan , Maitiú ó Tuathail , Emma Coughlan , Debbie Marshall , Margaret Fitzgerald , Fiona O'Reilly","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The mental health needs of refugees and asylum seekers are often unmet. Many screening methods for mental health problems in refugees and asylum seekers have been suggested, but the optimal method for identifying those at risk has not been determined. The PROTECT questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ4) are two tools currently being used to identify refugees and asylum seekers at risk of mental health problems in Ireland, but there is limited data on the prevalence of positive scores or risk factors for these to inform health service planning.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross sectional analysis was conducted of anonymous data of all adult asylum seekers or refugees who completed a PHQ4 and PROTECT questionnaire during their nurse conducted arrival health assessment within a one-year period. Data collected include: gender, age category, marital status, family unit, country of origin, refugee/asylum status, medical conditions, mental health conditions, exposure to violence, PROTECT score, PHQ4 score and outcome of GP mental health review. Statistical analysis was completed using R.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>440 people completed a PROTECT and PHQ4 questionnaire. 198 people had a GP review based on either a positive PROTECT or PHQ4 score. Among all participants, 9.1 % (<em>n</em> = 40) were diagnosed with depression, 15.0 % (<em>n</em> = 66) were diagnosed with PTSD, 3.8 % (<em>n</em> = 17) had an adjustment disorder and 3.7 % had anxiety.. There was a positive correlation between PHQ-4 score and PROTECT score, (rs = 0.738, <em>p</em> < .001) although the PROTECT score identified more cases of PTSD and depression. Being female (aOR: 2.47 95 % CI: 1.59–3.86) and country of origin Zimbabwe (aOR: 3.19 95 % CI: 1.56–6.53) was associated with a positive PROTECT score. Country of origin was negatively associated with PROTECT score for Syria (aOR: 0.32 95 % CI: 0.15–0.65). There were similar findings for PHQ4.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Rates of depression, anxiety and PTSD were similar to other studies. There was a strong correlation between PHQ4 scores and PROTECT but with PROTECT ultimately identifying more cases of depression and PTSD, suggesting it may be reasonable to use it alone. Whichever screening tool is used, adequate healthcare resources need to be available for further assessment and treatment. Participants from Syria were less likely to have a positive score compared to others and further research is required to understand the reasons for this.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100336
Haley A Carroll , Talia Guevara , Valeria Aron , Luisa Feline Freier , Matthew D. Bird
Background
Following Venezuela's economic collapse in 2015, over 1.5 million Venezuelans have sought refuge in Peru. Research indicates that migrants face stressors at various stages of migration (pre-, journey, and post-migration), with symptoms ranging from mild stress to severe depression and anxiety. This highlights the need for culturally relevant mental health interventions. Thus, the present study aimed to develop culturally sensitive adaptation hypotheses that resonate with the migrants' unique experiences and cultural values.
Methods and findings
Qualitative interviews were conducted with Venezuelan migrants residing in Lima (n = 25) and stakeholders in the Peruvian mental health system (n = 10). Thematic analysis, interpreted through the Ecological Validity Model, revealed significant themes relevant to cultural adaptation, including the metaphor and phrase “pa’lante,” religious coping, emotional expression, familiarity, and integration into Peru. These themes informed potential therapeutic adaptations in line with existing evidence-based therapeutic practices.
Conclusions
The study observed that Venezuelan migrants face unique mental health challenges due to the stressors encountered during migration. The findings suggest that integrating culturally sensitive elements such as “pa’lante,” religious coping, emotional expression, familiarity, and integration into Peru into mental health interventions could enhance their effectiveness. We propose therapeutic adaptations that leverage the resilience embodied in "pa'lante," incorporate religious coping mechanisms, facilitate balanced emotional expression, and foster cultural familiarity and integration, ensuring a holistic and impactful approach to mental health care for Venezuelan migrants.
{"title":"“Pa'lante!” Perseverance, progress and mental health among venezuelan migrants in Peru: A qualitative study","authors":"Haley A Carroll , Talia Guevara , Valeria Aron , Luisa Feline Freier , Matthew D. Bird","doi":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Following Venezuela's economic collapse in 2015, over 1.5 million Venezuelans have sought refuge in Peru. Research indicates that migrants face stressors at various stages of migration (pre-, journey, and post-migration), with symptoms ranging from mild stress to severe depression and anxiety. This highlights the need for culturally relevant mental health interventions. Thus, the present study aimed to develop culturally sensitive adaptation hypotheses that resonate with the migrants' unique experiences and cultural values.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and findings</h3><div>Qualitative interviews were conducted with Venezuelan migrants residing in Lima (<em>n</em> = 25) and stakeholders in the Peruvian mental health system (<em>n</em> = 10). Thematic analysis, interpreted through the Ecological Validity Model, revealed significant themes relevant to cultural adaptation, including the metaphor and phrase “pa’lante,” religious coping, emotional expression, familiarity, and integration into Peru. These themes informed potential therapeutic adaptations in line with existing evidence-based therapeutic practices.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study observed that Venezuelan migrants face unique mental health challenges due to the stressors encountered during migration. The findings suggest that integrating culturally sensitive elements such as “pa’lante,” religious coping, emotional expression, familiarity, and integration into Peru into mental health interventions could enhance their effectiveness. We propose therapeutic adaptations that leverage the resilience embodied in \"pa'lante,\" incorporate religious coping mechanisms, facilitate balanced emotional expression, and foster cultural familiarity and integration, ensuring a holistic and impactful approach to mental health care for Venezuelan migrants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34448,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Migration and Health","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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