Journal of Migration and Health最新文献_第2页

Essential worker status, gender, and migration background disparities in COVID-19: An intersectional approach COVID-19中的基本工人身份、性别和移民背景差异：交叉方法

IF 2.9 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Migration and Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100392

Narges GHOROUBI , Myriam KHLAT , Emilie COUNIL , the EpiCoV Study group

Objectives

COVID-19 disproportionately hit women, immigrants, ethno-racial minorities, and essential workers. This study examines disparities in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity by gender and migration background in France (late 2020) and assesses how much essential worker status explains them.

Methods

We grouped 30,018 workers from the EpiCoV cohort into four categories defined by gender and migration background. Worker status included seven categories: non-essential workers; high- and low-class healthcare workers (HCWs), social and educational workers (SEWs), and other essential workers (OEWs). We assessed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence across gender and migration-background groups. Non-linear decomposition analysis quantified the extent to which significant seropositivity differences were driven by unequal representation in essential occupations and varying infection risk within similar essential occupations.

Results

SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was lowest among men without a migration background, higher among women without a migration background, and highest among individuals with a migration background. Compared to men without a migration background, seropositivity was 1.6 percentage points higher among women without a migration background (43.7% attributed to overrepresentation among HCWs and 5.8% to greater risk within low-class HCWs), and 6.9 percentage points higher among women with a migration background (31.5% driven by their overrepresentation among HCWs and low-class SEWs, and 19.4% by stronger risks across low-class essential jobs). The 5.3-point seropositivity gap between women with and without a migration background was 33.4% attributable to stronger infection risks among low-class SEWs and low-class OEWs.

Conclusions

Women bore a double burden exacerbated by their migration background: overrepresentation in certain essential jobs and elevated COVID-19 risk within these occupations.

2019冠状病毒病对妇女、移民、少数民族和关键工人的影响尤为严重。本研究考察了法国（2020年底）按性别和移民背景划分的SARS-CoV-2血清阳性差异，并评估了基本工人身份在多大程度上解释了这些差异。方法我们将来自EpiCoV队列的30,018名工人按性别和移民背景分为四类。工人身份包括7类：非必要工人；高级和低级保健工作者（HCWs）、社会和教育工作者（SEWs）以及其他基本工作者（OEWs）。我们评估了不同性别和移民背景人群的SARS-CoV-2血清阳性率。非线性分解分析量化了重要职业中不平等代表性和类似重要职业中不同感染风险驱动的显著血清阳性差异的程度。结果sars - cov -2血清阳性率在无移民背景的男性中最低，在无移民背景的女性中最高，在有移民背景的人群中最高。与没有移民背景的男性相比，无移民背景的女性血清阳性水平高出1.6个百分点（43.7%归因于卫生保健工作者中人数过多，5.8%归因于低级别卫生保健工作者中风险更大），有移民背景的女性血清阳性水平高出6.9个百分点（31.5%归因于卫生保健工作者和低级别卫生保健工作者中人数过多，19.4%归因于低级别必要工作中的风险更大）。有和没有移民背景的妇女之间5.3点的血清阳性差异为33.4%，这是由于低级别SEWs和低级别ows的感染风险更大。移民背景加剧了女性的双重负担：在某些重要工作岗位上的比例过高，以及在这些职业中COVID-19风险升高。

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引用次数: 0

Nutritional status of displaced children including unaccompanied minors on Lesvos, Greece 希腊莱斯沃斯岛流离失所儿童的营养状况，包括无人陪伴的未成年人

IF 2.9 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Migration and Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100393

H. Benjeddi , M.P. Gruppen , S.A. Post , A.D. Groenewegen , E.B.K. Egen , E. Samiotaki Logotheti , Z. Livaditou , W.P. Voskuijl , A.M. Tutu-van Furth , M. Boele van Hensbroek , A. Terzidis , M. van der Kuip

Introduction

The number of displaced people worldwide has reached an unprecedented 120 million, of whom 40% are children. There is limited knowledge about the health of children in refugee camps, particularly regarding their nutritional status. This study examines the nutritional status of 304 displaced children (0–18 years) in Closed Controlled Access Centre (CCAC) Mavrovouni, Lesvos, Greece.

Methods

An observational study was conducted between February and August 2023 at CCAC Mavrovouni. Data collection included demographics, dietary details, health and nutritional status. The primary outcome was the prevalence of wasting, stunting and overweight using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. We also conducted subgroup analyses for unaccompanied minors (UAMs) separately. Secondary outcomes of our study included the role of breastfeeding and other factors that potentially affect nutritional status.

Results

The overall prevalence of stunting among minors in CCAC at baseline was 11%. 10% of children under five were wasted. Of all children, 5% underweight and 13% were overweight. Nutritional status does not change during their stay in the camp: wasting (improvement in Z-score by 0.2, 95% CI -0.5–0.1), stunting (decrease in Z-score by 0.07, 95% CI -0.2–0.3). There was a significantly higher prevalence of stunting in the UAM sub-group (31%, p < 0.01). No association was found between breastfeeding and weight-for-height Z-scores under two years old (Z-score difference of 1.3, p = 1.18), but there was in the larger age group up to five (Z-score difference of 0.82, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Our results show that poor nutritional status is prevalent amongst displaced children on Lesvos, highlighting their vulnerability. Our results underline the compromised health and vulnerability of UAMs, with nearly one third of this group being stunted.. The unexpected prevalence of overweight highlights complex nutritional challenges.

全世界流离失所者的数量已达到前所未有的1.2亿，其中40%是儿童。人们对难民营儿童的健康，特别是营养状况的了解有限。本研究调查了希腊莱斯沃斯马夫罗沃尼封闭控制通道中心（CCAC） 304名流离失所儿童（0-18岁）的营养状况。方法于2023年2月至8月在马夫罗沃尼CCAC进行观察性研究。数据收集包括人口统计、饮食细节、健康和营养状况。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的标准，主要结局是消瘦、发育迟缓和超重的发生率。我们还分别对无人陪伴的未成年人（UAMs）进行了亚组分析。我们研究的次要结果包括母乳喂养的作用和其他可能影响营养状况的因素。结果基线时CCAC未成年人发育迟缓总体发生率为11%。五岁以下儿童中有10%被浪费。在所有儿童中，5%体重过轻，13%超重。他们的营养状况在营地逗留期间没有改变：消瘦（z -评分改善0.2,95% CI -0.5-0.1），发育迟缓（z -评分降低0.07,95% CI -0.2-0.3）。UAM亚组发育迟缓发生率显著高于对照组（31%,p < 0.01）。2岁以下儿童母乳喂养与身高体重比值Z-score无相关性（Z-score差值为1.3,p = 1.18），但5岁以下儿童母乳喂养与身高体重比值Z-score有相关性（Z-score差值为0.82,p < 0.01）。结论研究结果显示，莱斯沃斯岛流离失所儿童普遍营养状况不佳，凸显了他们的脆弱性。我们的研究结果强调了UAMs的健康状况和脆弱性，近三分之一的这一群体发育迟缓。超重的意外流行凸显了复杂的营养挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Intersectional relationships between age, sex, ethnicity, nationality and experience of racism in the UK using different ethnicity categorisations: A comparative study using survey data 年龄，性别，种族，国籍和种族主义经验之间的交叉关系在英国使用不同的种族分类：使用调查数据的比较研究

IF 2.9 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Migration and Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100384

Joseph Lam , Aaron Koay , Mario Cortina-Borja , Robert Aldridge , Ruth Blackburn , Katie Harron

Traditionally, research has relied on broad ethnic categories such as "Asian," "Black," "White," "Mixed," and "Other." These categories often mask significant variations in experiences and outcomes among ethnic subgroups. The Intersectional Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (I-MAIHDA) approach has become an increasingly recognised quantitative method to study intersectional health inequities. There is a need for better understanding of how the granularity with which ethnicity is measured impacts the interpretation of I-MAIHDA. We used the Evidence from Equality National Survey: A Survey of Ethnic Minorities During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2021 (EVENS) study, a cross-sectional survey conducted between February and November 2021, including 14,221 individuals with 21 ethnic categories. We constructed intersectional social strata using sex, age, ethnicity and UK nationality. We compared models using 21-category and 5-category ethnicity on describing predicted lifetime experience of racism. Overall, 65% of participants reported experiencing racism in their lifetime. The 5-category model has a higher interaction effect compared to 21-caterogy model due to artefacts from coarse ethnic categorisation. While the interaction effects in 21-category model are smaller, they are potentially more meaningful. The 21-cateogory models revealed significant variations within coarse ethnic groups, showing that individuals from Black Caribbean, African and mixed backgrounds had a higher likelihood of experiencing racism, regardless of UK nationality. The 5-category model failed to attribute the protective effect of not being UK nationality to lower predicted experience of racism in White other backgrounds. Our study demonstrates that using more granular ethnicity categories can lead to more accurate and specific insights in characterising inequities when applying quantitative intersectional approaches, over and above coarse ethnicity groupings used in I-MAIHDA or traditional non-interactive models.

传统上，研究依赖于广泛的种族分类，如“亚洲人”、“黑人”、“白人”、“混血”和“其他”。这些分类往往掩盖了种族亚群体之间经历和结果的显著差异。个体异质性和歧视准确性的交叉多水平分析（I-MAIHDA）方法已成为研究交叉健康不平等的一种越来越被认可的定量方法。有必要更好地理解衡量种族的粒度如何影响对I-MAIHDA的解释。我们使用了来自平等全国调查的证据：2021年COVID-19大流行期间少数民族调查（EVENS）研究，这是一项于2021年2月至11月进行的横断面调查，包括21个种族类别的14,221人。我们使用性别、年龄、种族和英国国籍构建了交叉的社会阶层。我们比较了使用21类和5类种族的模型来描述预测的终身种族主义经历。总体而言，65%的参与者表示在他们的一生中经历过种族主义。由于粗糙民族分类的伪影，5类模型比21类模型具有更高的交互效应。虽然21类模型的交互效应较小，但它们可能更有意义。21类模型揭示了粗糙种族群体之间的显著差异，表明来自加勒比黑人、非洲黑人和混合背景的个体经历种族主义的可能性更高，无论其英国国籍如何。5类模型未能将非英国国籍的保护作用归因于其他白人背景下较低的种族主义预测经验。我们的研究表明，在应用定量交叉方法时，使用更细粒度的种族类别可以在描述不平等方面获得更准确和具体的见解，而不是在I-MAIHDA或传统非交互式模型中使用的粗糙种族分组。

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引用次数: 0

Health shocks and earnings trajectories: A comparative study of migrants and natives in Finland 健康冲击和收入轨迹：芬兰移民和本地人的比较研究

IF 2.9 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Migration and Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100387

Waseem Haider , Laura Salonen , Elina Kilpi-Jakonen

Objective

The earnings gap between migrants and natives is well-documented, but the extent to which health shocks contribute to this gap remains unclear. We estimated the impact of a health shock on long-term earnings for both natives and migrants from different regions of origin.

Methods

Using high-quality full-population register data, we followed all residents aged 25 to 58 years in 2011, who were employed and did not experience a health shock between 2011 and 2012. A health shock was defined as the unanticipated hospitalization in 2013–14. Annual earnings were followed from 2011 to 2018. Using an event-study approach, we estimated the average treatment effects on the treated using dynamic difference-in-differences models stratified by gender and region of origin.

Results

Health shocks led to substantial and persistent earnings losses. On average, the health shock reduced earnings levels by 7.4 % for natives and 13.5 % for migrants compared to their pre-shock earnings levels. Among migrants, significant declines were observed in earnings among those from European & Western, Russia and the former Soviet Union, as well as from ‘other’ region of origin. By gender, the earnings penalty due to health shocks was greater for migrant men (17.7 %), 1.5 times that of their female counterparts (8.6 %).

Conclusions

The overall migrant–native difference of about six percentage points was small. Even if the average earnings penalty of a health shock is similar across groups, health shocks could still contribute to migrant–native disparities if migrants are more likely to experience such shocks initially.

移民和本地人之间的收入差距有据可查，但健康冲击对这一差距的影响程度仍不清楚。我们估计了健康冲击对本地居民和来自不同原籍地区的移民的长期收入的影响。方法采用高质量的全人口登记数据，对2011年25 - 58岁、2011 - 2012年未发生健康冲击的就业居民进行随访。健康冲击被定义为2013-14年意外住院。从2011年到2018年跟踪年度收益。采用事件研究方法，我们使用按性别和原产地区分层的动态差中差模型估计了对被治疗者的平均治疗效果。结果健康冲击导致大量持续的收入损失。平均而言，与冲击前的收入水平相比，健康冲击使本地人和移民的收入水平分别下降了7.4%和13.5%。在移民中，来自欧洲、西方、俄罗斯和前苏联以及“其他”原籍地区的移民收入显著下降。按性别划分，男性移徙者因健康冲击而遭受的收入损失更大（17.7%），是女性移徙者（8.6%）的1.5倍。结论总体上移民与本土人口的差异很小，约为6个百分点。即使健康冲击造成的平均收入损失在各群体之间相似，但如果移民最初更有可能遭受健康冲击，健康冲击仍可能造成移民与本地人之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

Generational changes in self-reported infertility among migrants in Australia 澳大利亚移民自我报告不孕症的代际变化

IF 2.9 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Migration and Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100385

Jasmin Passet-Wittig , Ester Lazzari , Nadja Milewski

Knowledge about the perinatal and reproductive health of international migrants remains limited due to their marginalization in health and social-epidemiological research. We address this gap by analysing the prevalence of self-reported infertility among three migrant generations, migrants from different regions of origin, and comparing it to the majority of third-generation plus in Australia. We examine whether infertility risk differs across these groups and to what extent socio-demographic characteristics account for observed differences. The analysis draws on pooled data from the 2011, 2015, and 2019 waves of the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, the waves in which self-reported infertility was assessed. Average prevalence of current infertility is 11.8% among women and 7.5% among men. Multivariable findings from this study align with the healthy migrant hypothesis, which suggests that migrants tend to have a health advantage over the majority population at destination which is driven by selection into migration. Australia’s immigration policy contributes to such selection effects as it favours immigration of skilled and healthy individuals, who likely have a lower risk of infertility. The health advantage of the migrant generations 1 and 1.5 occurs for all origin groups except for migrants from English-speaking countries. This advantage diminishes for the second generation. In light of the high levels of self-reported infertility in this study, results suggest that Australia’s reproductive health policies need to address the specific needs of Australia’s increasingly diverse population.

由于国际移徙者在健康和社会流行病学研究中处于边缘地位，他们对其围产期和生殖健康的了解仍然有限。我们通过分析来自不同地区的三代移民中自我报告的不孕症的患病率，并将其与澳大利亚大多数第三代以上的移民进行比较，来解决这一差距。我们研究了不孕风险在这些群体之间是否存在差异，以及社会人口统计学特征在多大程度上解释了观察到的差异。该分析利用了2011年、2015年和2019年澳大利亚家庭、收入和劳动力动态（HILDA）调查的汇总数据，在这三次调查中，对自我报告的不孕症进行了评估。目前不孕不育的平均患病率在女性中为11.8%，在男性中为7.5%。本研究的多变量结果与健康移民假说相一致，该假说表明，移民往往比目的地的大多数人口具有健康优势，这是由移民选择驱动的。澳大利亚的移民政策有助于这种选择效应，因为它有利于技术熟练和健康的个人移民，这些人可能患不孕症的风险较低。第1代和第1.5代移民的健康优势出现在所有原籍群体中，除了来自英语国家的移民。这种优势在第二代中逐渐减弱。鉴于本研究中自我报告的不孕症比例很高，结果表明，澳大利亚的生殖健康政策需要解决澳大利亚日益多样化的人口的具体需求。

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引用次数: 0

Challenges in cochlear implant care for patients with migration backgrounds: Evaluating (Hr)QoL 移民背景患者人工耳蜗护理面临的挑战：评估（Hr）生活质量

IF 2.9 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Migration and Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2026.100396

Susann Thyson , Kai G. Kahl , Maika Werminghaus , Thomas Klenzner

Objective

This study aims to assess and compare the quality of life (QoL) and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) of patients with cochlear implants (PwCI) and with or without a migration background (MB). It examines whether language proficiency and length of residence influence QoL and HrQoL outcomes in PwCI with a MB.

Methods

Data from n = 82 PwCI were collected. QoL and HrQoL were measured using WHOQOL-BREF and Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ), while CEFR assessed language proficiency.

Results

PwCI with a MB had significantly lower WHOQOL-BREF global scores (Mdn = 62.50 / IQR = 25.00) than PmCI without a MB (Mdn = 75.00 / IQR = 25.00; U = 548.000, Z = -2.779, p = .005, r = 0.309). Similarly, NCIQ total scores were lower in PwCI with a MB (Mdn = 59.34, IQR = 21.53) than in controls (Mdn = 64.17, IQR = 19.98; U = 623.000, Z = –2.017, p = .044, r = 0.222). The language proficiency of PwCI with a MB in their second language, German, showed no correlation with the global score of the WHOQOL-BREF (Spearman's ρ = 0.240, p = .130). The language proficiency in German as a second language of PwCI with a MB shows a strong correlation with the total score on the NCIQ (Spearman's ρ = 0.428, p = .005), while length of residence showed no significant correlations.

Discussion

PwCI with a MB tended to have lower QoL and HrQoL, potentially due to factors such as language barriers, and limited healthcare access. Language proficiency appeared to play a role, while length of residence showed no clear effect. Addressing linguistic and cultural barriers, could help improve healthcare access. Enhancing communication and support may facilitate greater participation in rehabilitation and treatment adherence, potentially leading to better QoL and more efficient use of healthcare resources.

目的评估和比较人工耳蜗植入（PwCI）患者和有或没有迁移背景（MB）患者的生活质量（QoL）和健康相关生活质量（HrQoL）。目的探讨语言水平和居住时间是否影响患有mb的PwCI患者的生活质量和HrQoL。采用WHOQOL-BREF和Nijmegen人工耳蜗问卷（NCIQ）测量QoL和HrQoL， CEFR评估语言能力。结果合并MB的spwci的WHOQOL-BREF整体评分（Mdn = 62.50 / IQR = 25.00）明显低于未合并MB的PmCI （Mdn = 75.00 / IQR = 25.00; U = 548000, Z = -2.779, p = 0.005, r = 0.309）。同样，患有MB的PwCI患者NCIQ总分（Mdn = 59.34, IQR = 21.53）低于对照组（Mdn = 64.17, IQR = 19.98; U = 623.000, Z = -2.017, p = 0.044, r = 0.222）。具有第二语言（德语）学士学位的PwCI的语言能力与WHOQOL-BREF总体得分无相关性（Spearman ρ = 0.240, p = 0.130）。德语作为第二语言的熟练程度与NCIQ总分有很强的相关性（Spearman’s ρ = 0.428, p = 0.005），而居住时间无显著相关性。有MB的pwci患者往往有较低的生活质量和HrQoL，可能是由于语言障碍和有限的医疗保健机会等因素。语言能力似乎起了一定的作用，而居住时间的长短则没有明显的影响。解决语言和文化障碍有助于改善医疗保健服务。加强沟通和支持可能有助于更多地参与康复和治疗依从性，从而可能导致更好的生活质量和更有效地利用医疗保健资源。

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引用次数: 0

Participation behaviour of different migrant groups in breast cancer screening – palpation of the breast and mammography. Results from the German national cohort (NAKO) 不同流动人口参与乳癌筛检-乳房触诊及乳房x光检查的行为。来自德国国家队列（NAKO）的结果

IF 2.9 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Migration and Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2026.100397

Heiko Becher , Nadia Obi , Tilman Brand , Hermann Brenner , Laura Buschmann , Renée T. Fortner , Karin Halina Greiser , Volker Harth , Wolfgang Hoffmann , André Karch , Thomas Keil , Alexander Kluttig , Lilian Krist , Michael Leitzmann , Andy Maun , Rafael Mikolajczyk , Katharina Nimptsch , Tobias Pischon , Sabine Schipf , Börge Schmidt , Christian Wiessner

Background

For early detection of breast cancer, clinical palpation of the breast is offered yearly to all women aged 30 and older, and the German Mammography Screening Programme (MSP) offers biennial mammograms to all women aged 50 to 75 years. We investigated the utilization of both screening methods across various migrant groups in Germany, as well as the effect of German language proficiency.

Methods

Cross-sectional data on participation frequencies from the baseline examination (2014 to 2019) of more than 100,000 women of the German National Cohort study (NAKO) were analysed by migrant status. Adjusted logistic regression analyses were conducted for palpation and MSP to compare screening uptake among six migrant groups, and non-migrant population.

Results

Palpation of the breast was less frequently utilized in all migrant groups with odds ratios ranging from 0.5 (95% CI 0.4–0.6) for Turkish women to 0.9 for women from western countries (95% CI 0.7–1.1) compared to autochthone Germans. Lower German language proficiency further decreases its use. In contrast, odds ratios for MSP participation did not differ substantially compared to Germans ranging from 0.8 to 1.2. German language proficiency had little effect on MSP participation.

Discussion

In contrast to earlier studies, our findings suggest that MSP participation and motivation does not significantly differ by migration status or language skills. This may indicate that information on MSP is broadly accessible through established invitation procedures in Germany. However, lower uptake of breast palpation by a physician in some migrant populations highlights potential gaps in broader preventive care engagement.

背景：为了早期发现乳腺癌，所有30岁及以上的妇女每年都要进行乳房临床触诊，德国乳房x光检查计划（MSP）为所有50至75岁的妇女提供两年一次的乳房x光检查。我们调查了两种筛查方法在德国不同移民群体中的使用情况，以及德语熟练程度的影响。方法根据移民身份分析德国国家队列研究（NAKO）中10万多名女性基线检查（2014年至2019年）参与频率的横断面数据。对触诊和MSP进行调整后的logistic回归分析，比较6个移民群体和非移民群体的筛查情况。结果与本土德国人相比，所有移民群体中乳房穿刺的使用频率较低，土耳其妇女的优势比为0.5 (95% CI 0.4-0.6)，西方国家妇女的优势比为0.9 （95% CI 0.7-1.1）。较低的德语水平进一步减少了它的使用。相比之下，与德国人相比，参加MSP的优势比没有太大差异，在0.8到1.2之间。德语熟练程度对MSP参与影响不大。与早期的研究相反，我们的研究结果表明，MSP的参与和动机并没有因移民身份或语言技能而显著差异。这可能表明，通过德国既定的邀请程序，可以广泛获取有关MSP的信息。然而，在一些流动人口中，医生对乳房触诊的接受程度较低，这凸显了在更广泛的预防保健参与方面的潜在差距。

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引用次数: 0

Emergency Department utilization in Switzerland: Comparing Swiss natives with first- and second-generation immigrants 瑞士急诊科使用率：比较瑞士本地人与第一代和第二代移民

IF 2.9 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Migration and Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100388

Ludovica Alesci , Igor Francetic

Introduction:

Differences in Emergency Department (ED) utilization between immigrant and native populations may reflect inequalities in health status and access to care. This study compares ED use between Swiss natives and first- and second-generation immigrants in Switzerland.

Methods:

We used pooled data from the Swiss Health Survey 2017 and 2022 (N = 16,183). Logistic regression models were estimated and reported as average marginal effects (AMEs). Models were progressively adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, health status, health behaviors, and healthcare-use variables.

Results:

In unadjusted models, first-generation immigrants showed a higher probability of ED use (AME = 0.025, SE = 0.004,

p < 0.001

; 95% CI: 0.017–0.033), but this association disappeared after adjusting for health status (AME = 0.007, SE = 0.006, p = 0.25). For second-generation immigrants, the association remained significant after adjustments (Main model: AME = 0.030, SE = 0.010, p = 0.01; 95% CI: 0.011–0.049) and slightly attenuated when accounting for healthcare-use patterns (AME = 0.022, SE = 0.011, p = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.000–0.042). An alternative analysis based on Oaxaca–Blinder decompositions confirmed that differences between Swiss natives and first-generation immigrants are mainly explained by health status, whereas differences with second-generation immigrants remain largely unexplained.

Conclusions:

First-generation immigrants do not differ from Swiss natives in ED use once differences in health status are taken into account. Second-generation immigrants (particularly women and individuals from Eastern and South-Eastern Europe) exhibit a persistently higher probability of ED use, partly explained by higher engagement with other healthcare services. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve equitable access and continuity of care among immigrant populations.

简介：移民和本地人口在急诊科（ED）使用率上的差异可能反映了健康状况和获得护理的不平等。本研究比较了瑞士本地人和第一代和第二代移民在瑞士的ED使用情况。方法：我们使用2017年和2022年瑞士健康调查的汇总数据（N = 16,183）。逻辑回归模型估计并报告为平均边际效应（AMEs）。根据社会人口特征、健康状况、健康行为和医疗保健使用变量逐步调整模型。结果：在未调整的模型中，第一代移民使用ED的概率更高（AME = 0.025, SE = 0.004, p<0.001; 95% CI: 0.017-0.033），但在调整健康状况后，这种关联消失（AME = 0.007, SE = 0.006, p = 0.25）。对于第二代移民，调整后的相关性仍然显著（主要模型：AME = 0.030, SE = 0.010, p = 0.01; 95% CI: 0.011 - 0.049），考虑到医疗保健使用模式时，相关性略有减弱（AME = 0.022, SE = 0.011, p = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.000-0.042）。另一项基于瓦哈卡-布林德分解的分析证实，瑞士本地人与第一代移民之间的差异主要由健康状况来解释，而与第二代移民之间的差异在很大程度上仍无法解释。结论：一旦考虑到健康状况的差异，第一代移民与瑞士本地人在使用ED方面没有差异。第二代移民（特别是来自东欧和东南欧的女性和个人）使用ED的可能性持续较高，部分原因是与其他医疗保健服务的接触较多。这些发现突出表明，有必要采取有针对性的干预措施，以改善移民人口的公平获取和护理的连续性。

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引用次数: 0

Is Screening for Anemia in Newly Arrived Refugees Recommendable? A Cross-Sectional Study of Anemia Prevalence in Refugees Resettled in Aarhus, Denmark 是否推荐对新来的难民进行贫血筛查？在丹麦奥胡斯重新安置的难民中贫血患病率的横断面研究

IF 2.9 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Migration and Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100380

Rebecca Vigh Margolinsky , Anna Andersen-Civil , Zélia Muggli , Christian Wejse , Anne Mette Fløe Hvass

Background

Anemia is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and is associated with poor health outcomes and impaired quality of life. Refugees often flee from countries with poverty or conflict and deteriorating health systems. As a result, refugees are vulnerable to several underlying causes of anemia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anemia and its associations with sociodemographic factors in refugees resettling in Denmark.

Methods

This cross-sectional study is based on health assessments comprising medical interviews, physical examinations, and blood samples offered to newly arrived refugees in Aarhus Municipality from January 2014 – November 2018. Data on 1) hemoglobin level, 2) age, 3) sex, 4) pregnancy status, 5) country of origin, 6) educational attainment and 7) route of arrival were extracted for analysis.

Results

Of 1261 refugees who participated in the health assessment, 45.8% were female. Main countries of origin were Syria, Eritrea and Iran. A total of 101 participants (8%) had anemia. Prevalence was high among pregnant woman and adults >25 years, and low among children <15 years. Prevalence was higher among refugees arriving through family reunification programs and programs coordinated by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The analysis revealed notable differences in prevalence when using hemoglobin thresholds defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) versus by local guidelines.

Conclusion

Anemia is prevalent among refugees and is associated with various sociodemographic factors. Using internationally accepted hemoglobin thresholds may provide a more accurate estimate of anemia in refugee populations. Given the low cost and simplicity of hemoglobin measurement, we recommend including screening for anemia in health assessments for resettled refugees.

背景：贫血是造成全球疾病负担的一个主要因素，与健康结果不佳和生活质量受损有关。难民往往是从贫困或冲突以及卫生系统恶化的国家逃离的。因此，难民很容易受到贫血的几种潜在原因的影响。本研究旨在调查在丹麦重新安置的难民中贫血的患病率及其与社会人口因素的关系。方法本横断面研究基于2014年1月至2018年11月期间向奥胡斯市新抵达难民提供的健康评估，包括医学访谈、身体检查和血液样本。提取1)血红蛋白水平、2)年龄、3)性别、4)妊娠状况、5)原籍国、6)受教育程度、7)到达途径等数据进行分析。结果1261名难民中，女性占45.8%。主要来源国为叙利亚、厄立特里亚和伊朗。共有101名参与者（8%）患有贫血。25岁的孕妇和成人患病率高，15岁的儿童患病率低。通过家庭团聚方案和联合国难民事务高级专员办事处（UNHCR）协调的方案抵达的难民患病率更高。分析显示，使用世界卫生组织（WHO）定义的血红蛋白阈值与当地指南定义的血红蛋白阈值在患病率方面存在显著差异。结论难民贫血普遍存在，与多种社会人口因素有关。使用国际公认的血红蛋白阈值可以更准确地估计难民人群的贫血。考虑到血红蛋白测量的低成本和简单性，我们建议在重新安置难民的健康评估中包括贫血筛查。

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引用次数: 0

What has been the impact of western governments’ laws and policies on the mental health of asylum seekers and refugees? A systematic-narrative hybrid literature review 西方政府的法律和政策对寻求庇护者和难民的心理健康有什么影响？系统叙述混合文献综述

IF 2.9 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Migration and Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100382

Imen El Amouri, Tihomir Sabchev

This article reviews research on the causal impact of Western governments’ laws and policies on the mental health of asylum seekers and refugees. The systematic-narrative hybrid literature review yielded 34 studies using quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods approaches, focusing almost exclusively on restrictive and deterrence-oriented measures. The synthesis shows that, over the last two decades, Western governments’ laws and policies around detention, access to basic rights, asylum procedure, and reception have had a substantial and almost exclusively negative impact on the mental health of protection seekers. Based on our findings, we urge legislators and policymakers to consider the long-term consequences and costs of the laws and policies they introduce, within and beyond the realm of mental health. In addition, we highlight the need for more research on governmental measures that are likely to have a positive impact on the mental health of asylum seekers and refugees.

本文综述了西方政府的法律和政策对寻求庇护者和难民心理健康的因果影响的研究。系统叙述混合文献综述产生了34项研究，使用定量、定性和混合方法，几乎完全侧重于限制性和威慑性措施。综合报告显示，在过去二十年中，西方政府在拘留、获得基本权利、庇护程序和接收方面的法律和政策对寻求保护者的心理健康产生了重大的、几乎完全消极的影响。根据我们的调查结果，我们敦促立法者和决策者考虑他们在精神卫生领域内外引入的法律和政策的长期后果和成本。此外，我们强调需要对可能对寻求庇护者和难民的心理健康产生积极影响的政府措施进行更多的研究。

引用次数: 0