Journal of Migration and Health最新文献

Objective

To explore the impacts of parental deportation on the health and well-being of U.S. citizen children of Mexican immigrants.

Methods

From 2019–2020, this ambi-directional cohort study recruited U.S.-based families with an undocumented Mexican immigrant parent and U.S.-citizen childrens (ages 13–17) recently exposed to parental deportation (N = 61), and similar families without a history of parental deportation (N = 51). Children health, behavioral, economic, and academic outcomes were measured via phone surveys upon enrollment and six months later. A subsample of “exposed” caregivers (N = 14) also completed in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using fixed-effects regression models and thematic analyses.

Results

Childrens exposed to parental deportation had significantly worse health status, behavioral problems, material hardship, and academic outcomes than children in the control arm (p<.05). Caregivers’ interviews illustrated these health, behavioral, academic and family impacts.

Conclusions

Parental deportations have wide and potentially long-lasting health, behavioral, economic, and academic consequences for U.S. citizen youth. Changes in immigration policies and enforcement practices are urgently needed to protect the unity of mixed-legal status families in the U.S. and prevent the suffering of U.S. children in these families.

Purpose

United States (US) immigrant populations face unique barriers to accessing health care, including reproductive health care. Abortion access and experiences among immigrant populations in the US are not well understood.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review to synthesize existing literature about US immigrant populations’ access to and use of abortion services. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria, which included being published in English and presenting at least one finding relevant to US immigrant populations’ access to or experience utilizing abortion; key findings were identified using content analysis.

Results

We present results organized within three main categories: (1) overall rates of abortion among immigrant versus US-born individuals, (2) characteristics of US immigrants who receive abortion services, and (3) barriers to abortion access for US immigrant populations, which included concepts pertaining to discrimination, challenges navigating the healthcare systems, and lack of knowledge about legal rights.

Conclusion

Study findings illustrate three categories of results relevant to immigrant experiences accessing abortion care in the US, including revealing barriers to abortion services rooted in lack of knowledge of US institutional systems and mistreatment in clinical and legal settings due to race or immigration status. Further research is needed to better understand nuances in experiences among immigrant subpopulations, experiences of US immigrants who speak a language other than English or Spanish, and use of self-managed abortions or abortions in informal settings among US immigrants.

Background

Forced migrants are at risk of developing mental illness, yet challenges remain with underutilization of mental healthcare among this population. This study examined the implementation of the Refugee Health Screener-13 (RHS-13) in the health assessment for forced migrants in eight primary health care centres in Stockholm Region, Sweden.

Methods

A mixed-methods convergent parallel design was used, combining nurses self-reported quantitative data on the levels and reasons for RHS-13 use in the health assessment with qualitative interview data on the barriers and facilitators for RHS-13 use. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used as a coding framework for the qualitative analysis.

Results

Levels of RHS-13 use varied between primary health care centres, resulting in two groups: three centres with high-level (65–92%) and five centres with low-level (0–36%) implementation. Factors related to the tool itself, as well as the inner and outer context, influenced the use of RHS-13. Language barriers, insufficient time, and lack of trust in the validity and utility of RHS-13 were the main barriers, while its availability in many languages and that it was perceived as an important complement to the health assessment were the main facilitators.

Conclusion

RHS-13 contributes to the standardization of assessing mental health in the health assessment. Identifying context-based implementation strategies and addressing language and time issues as well as nurses trust in the tool's utility are recommended to enhance the use of RHS-13.

Few studies examined the social network structures within multicultural volunteer programs for low-income diverse older adults, making it unclear how diverse older adults establish social connections beyond their co-ethnic community. This study aims to identify the social network structures within a Senior Companion Program (SCP), a multicultural low-income volunteer program in a Midwestern Metropolitan area in the United States. Data were collected through surveys during a SCP monthly in-service training in October 2021. Russian, Khmer, Somali, Nepali, and English-speaking older volunteers in the SCP (N = 41) identified friends through a nomination form. Exponential Random Graph Modeling (ERGM) was used to identify statistically significant structural features of the SCP network. Graphs and ERGM results demonstrated that participants tended to form friendships with other volunteers of the same gender (β=3.27, p < 0.001), from the same country (β=2.89, p < 0.001), with the same education level (β=0.71, p < 0.001), and from the same volunteer recruitment site (β=2.77, p < 0.001). Surprisingly, there were few transitive ties (β= -1.01, p < 0.001), the tendency to make friends with a friend of a friend, which is typically common in friendship networks. Relationships among diverse older volunteers are largely driven by homophily in this multicultural volunteer program. Addressing language barriers and assigning volunteers from different countries to the same recruitment site may counteract homophily by nationality. However, more research needs to identify whether the opportunity to interact with people of one's same or different cultural backgrounds is a stronger incentive for volunteer engagement and connectedness.

Introduction

The Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMNs) residing in refugee camps face various health challenges, including a rising prevalence of scabies, exacerbated by overcrowded conditions and limited healthcare access. This study aims to assess scabies prevalence, clinical features, and environmental factors among FDMNs, aiding interventions and recommendations for better health outcomes.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2023 in six camps of Teknaf/Ukhia Cox's Bazar. Using a multistage sampling technique, 12 blocks were identified, and FDMNs seeking healthcare services from Primary Health Care posts were invited to participate in the study. Participants were adults, and children who volunteered to participate in this study. Scabies diagnosis was based on clinical examinations of exposed body areas by trained health professionals. Data on sociodemographic factors, environmental risk factors, and scabies symptoms were obtained through a semi-structured questionnaire administered by trained interviewers. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression models to explore associations between scabies infection and other explanatory factors.

Result

A total of 679 FDMNs participated in the study, with a mean age of 29.13 years. Overall, 66.42 % of participants were diagnosed with scabies. Age, marital status, history of scabies infection, previous skin infection, family history of scabies and skin infection, floor type, pet animal, dust exposure, and seasonal exposure were significantly associated with the scabies infection. Binary logistic regression suggested that having history of scabies infection (OR 3.98, 95 % CI: 1.86 to 8.49, p < 0.001), skin infection (OR 2.46, 95 % CI: 1.32 to 4.58, p = 0.004), having family history of scabies infection (OR 3.06, 95 % CI: 1.29 to 7.23, p = 0.011), family history of skin infection (OR 27.41, 95% CI: 14.46 to 51.97, P < 0.001), having contact with street animal (OR 2.16, 95% CI: 1.27 to 3.66, P = 0.004), and winter season (OR 3.33, 95 % CI: 1.89 to 5.87, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with scabies infection.

Conclusion

Tailored public health measures targeting hygiene, living conditions, and animal contact can mitigate the spread of scabies, particularly among vulnerable groups like Rohingya refugees, necessitating collaboration between stakeholders.

Background

Women of Somali background in Norway have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, compared with women in the general Norwegian population. For lifestyle interventions to be applicable for immigrants to Norway, it is important to culturally tailor interventions in collaboration with relevant communities. The primary outcome was a difference in weight change between the intervention and control groups.

Methods

In this interventional study, Somali women living in one borough of Oslo Municipality in Norway with body mass index (BMI) ≥27.0 kg^.m^-2 received a co-created, culturally tailored 12-month weight loss intervention consisting of 24 interactive sessions during the first three months, and monthly sessions for the next nine months, compared to a control group. Both groups were measured at baseline and 12 months.

Results

A total of 169 participants were recruited, and 101 participants completed the follow-up. After multiple imputation, the mean difference in weight change adjusted for baseline weight, age, education, employment, marital status, number of children in the household and length of Norwegian residency was -1.6 kg (95 % CI -3.57, 0.43, p = 0.12) in the intervention compared to the control group.

Conclusion

This culturally tailored intervention study demonstrated a modest non-significant effect on weight change after 12 months, possibly due to the short intervention duration and COVID-19. Further studies of a longer duration and considering the provision of childcare are needed to understand whether this approach can be transferred to other immigrant groups and genders.

Trial registration: The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT04578067, 2020-09-29.

Purpose

We aimed to compare cancer mortality among foreign- and Colombian populations in Colombia during the period of 2006–2020.

Methods

This retrospective study utilized vital statistics from the Colombian National Department of Statistics (DANE). The dataset included variables such as age group, sex, country of permanent residency, insurance, education level, marital status, ethnicity, and cause of death. The population data to calculate rates was obtained from the Colombian census and the United Nations. Crude and adjusted rates as well as proportional mortality rates were calculated.

Results

A total of 561,932 cancer deaths occurred in Colombia from 2006 to 2020. The foreign population (country of permanent residency different to Colombia) had a lower crude cancer mortality rate (31.1 per 100,000 inhabitants) than the Colombian population (81.9 per 100,000 inhabitants). However, the age-adjusted cancer mortality rate among the foreign population was 253.6 per 100,000, compared to 86.1 per 100,000 among the Colombian population. The proportional cancer mortality was 10.4 % among foreign population compared to 17.4 % among Colombian population.

Conclusions

The proportional cancer mortality shows that the proportion of cancer-related deaths is greater among the Colombian population compared to the immigrant population. However, immigrants in Colombia have a higher age-adjusted cancer mortality rate than Colombians, indicating that immigrants have worse cancer outcomes than the Colombians even though the immigrant population is younger. This is likely due to the frequent barriers that immigrants encounter in accessing health care in Colombia. Future research needs to focus on access to care for the immigrant population by investigating cancer-related risk factors among immigrants and addressing their barriers to cancer prevention and treatment.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Aims

This study aims, probably for the first time, to compare the fertility intentions of migrants and non-migrants of the same nationality at origin based on their self-rated health, wellbeing, and gender.

Methods

The study utilized data from the Families of Poles in the Netherlands (FPN) survey and the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS). This study used Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition models and generalized ordered logit models (gologit).

Results

The findings reveal that both migrants and non-migrants who have good self-rated health and wellbeing are more likely to express a desire to have children in the short-term. The impact of perceived health on the intention to have children is significant for both female and male irrespective of their migration status. Additionally, the average fertility intentions score is higher for Polish migrants residing in the Netherlands compared to Polish non-migrants residing in Poland across the models. The study emphasizes the role good perceived health plays in shaping fertility intentions.

Education plays a crucial role in the adaptation and broader societal inclusion of immigrant students and their families. The current study explored the inclusion of migrants in Ecuador's school system as a fundamental tenet of protecting their health and well-being. We conducted a thematic analysis of 13 policy documents, 12 national laws and international agreements, and 31 key informant interviews, applying a human rights lens. We find that, although the 2008 Ecuadorian Constitution and migration laws protect the right of migrants to health and education, key informants argue that these laws are poorly implemented. Furthermore, they agree that the health sector generally does not consider education as a relevant setting for health. In contrast, the public education sector and non-profit organizations at the national and local levels appear to recognize the importance of coordination across the health and education sectors, including school-based initiatives for migrant inclusion.