Rapid, eco-friendly, and non-destructive estimation of protein content is crucial for efficient nutritional phenotyping and large-scale germplasm screening in legumes. Traditional biochemical methods are time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive, posing challenges to breeders and the food industry. This study aimed to develop and validate universal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based predictive models for protein quantification across multiple legume species. A genetically diverse dataset comprising 1,169 grain samples from cowpea, mung bean, horse gram, pea, lentil, faba bean, winged bean, adzuki bean, rice bean, lablab bean, and chickpea was utilized. Spectral data (1100–2498 nm) were preprocessed using Standard Normal Variate, detrending, derivatives, and smoothing techniques. Two models; Modified Partial Least Squares (MPLS) and one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN) were developed and validated on an independent set of 351 samples. The 1D CNN model outperformed MPLS, achieving R² = 0.883 and RPD = 2.932, compared to MPLS (R² = 0.814; RPD = 2.320), demonstrating greater accuracy and robustness. This is the first report of a universal NIRS-based deep learning model for protein prediction across diverse legumes. Its integration into portable NIR sensors can accelerate field-based protein screening, enhancing breeding efficiency, gene bank evaluations, food quality control, and the development of functional foods.
{"title":"Protein informatics: Development and validation of a universal NIR spectroscopy-based deep learning and chemometric models for protein quantification in legume crops—A high-throughput approach for large germplasm screening","authors":"Simardeep Kaur , Siddhant Ranjan Padhi , Mithra T․ , Naseeb Singh , Maharishi Tomar , Racheal John , Amit Kumar , Veerendra Kumar Verma , Mohar Singh , Kuldeep Tripathy , Gayacharan , Vinod Kumar , Rajwant K. Kalia , Amit Kumar Singh , Dhammaprakash Pandhri Wankhede , Jai Chand Rana , Rakesh Bhardwaj , Amritbir Riar","doi":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid, eco-friendly, and non-destructive estimation of protein content is crucial for efficient nutritional phenotyping and large-scale germplasm screening in legumes. Traditional biochemical methods are time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive, posing challenges to breeders and the food industry. This study aimed to develop and validate universal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based predictive models for protein quantification across multiple legume species. A genetically diverse dataset comprising 1,169 grain samples from cowpea, mung bean, horse gram, pea, lentil, faba bean, winged bean, adzuki bean, rice bean, lablab bean, and chickpea was utilized. Spectral data (1100–2498 nm) were preprocessed using Standard Normal Variate, detrending, derivatives, and smoothing techniques. Two models; Modified Partial Least Squares (MPLS) and one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN) were developed and validated on an independent set of 351 samples. The 1D CNN model outperformed MPLS, achieving R² = 0.883 and RPD = 2.932, compared to MPLS (R² = 0.814; RPD = 2.320), demonstrating greater accuracy and robustness. This is the first report of a universal NIRS-based deep learning model for protein prediction across diverse legumes. Its integration into portable NIR sensors can accelerate field-based protein screening, enhancing breeding efficiency, gene bank evaluations, food quality control, and the development of functional foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34474,"journal":{"name":"Future Foods","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100909"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Utilizing agro-industrial waste in active packaging can simultaneously address environmental concerns and promote public health by delivering bioactive compounds. In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films incorporating pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hull extract (PHE) were fabricated via extrusion at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 wt.%. Among the formulations, the film containing 2 wt.% PHE demonstrated a sustained release of active compounds, resulting in significant antifungal and antioxidant activities. Therefore, detailed structural, thermal, and mechanical characterizations focused on this formulation. SEM revealed a heterogeneous distribution of PHE aggregates within the film. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the presence of PHE and an increase in crystallinity. DSC and TGA demonstrated improved thermal stability. However, incorporating PHE significantly reduced tensile strength and elongation at break (P < 0.05), while increasing water vapor transmission rate and oxygen permeability. These results suggest that PHE can function as an effective natural additive to develop bioactive LDPE-based packaging materials.
在活性包装中利用农业工业废物可以同时解决环境问题，并通过提供生物活性化合物促进公众健康。在这项研究中，通过挤压制备了含有开心果（Pistacia vera L.）外壳提取物（PHE）的低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）薄膜，其浓度分别为0.5、1、2、4和8wt .%。在配方中，含有2 wt.% PHE的薄膜显示出活性化合物的持续释放，产生显着的抗真菌和抗氧化活性。因此，详细的结构，热学和力学特性集中在这个配方。扫描电镜显示膜内PHE聚集体分布不均。FTIR和XRD分析证实了PHE的存在和结晶度的增加。DSC和TGA显示了更好的热稳定性。然而，添加PHE显著降低了抗拉强度和断裂伸长率（P < 0.05），同时增加了水蒸气透过率和氧气渗透率。这些结果表明，PHE可以作为一种有效的天然添加剂来开发具有生物活性的ldpe基包装材料。
{"title":"Effect of pistachio hull extract incorporation on the physical, mechanical, thermal, antifungal, and antioxidant properties of low-density polyethylene film for active packaging","authors":"Mozhdeh Golestani , Abolfazl Pahlevanlo , Mostafa Shahidi Noghabi , Mahboobe Sarabi-Jamab , Hamid Salehi-Mobarakeh","doi":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing agro-industrial waste in active packaging can simultaneously address environmental concerns and promote public health by delivering bioactive compounds. In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films incorporating pistachio (<em>Pistacia vera L</em>.) hull extract (PHE) were fabricated via extrusion at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 wt.%. Among the formulations, the film containing 2 wt.% PHE demonstrated a sustained release of active compounds, resulting in significant antifungal and antioxidant activities. Therefore, detailed structural, thermal, and mechanical characterizations focused on this formulation. SEM revealed a heterogeneous distribution of PHE aggregates within the film. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the presence of PHE and an increase in crystallinity. DSC and TGA demonstrated improved thermal stability. However, incorporating PHE significantly reduced tensile strength and elongation at break (<em>P</em> < 0.05), while increasing water vapor transmission rate and oxygen permeability. These results suggest that PHE can function as an effective natural additive to develop bioactive LDPE-based packaging materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34474,"journal":{"name":"Future Foods","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100910"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100908
Corbin M. Goodwin , Mahe Jabeen , Balaji M. Rao , Rohan A. Shirwaiker
Background
Cultivated meat (CM) has the potential to complement conventional meat while reducing the environmental footprint of food production to meet the growing global protein demand. Cell culture medium is not only a critical production input but also a major cost-driver, estimated to contribute to 31–99 % of CM production costs at scale. Typical culture media optimized for biomedical applications are unsuitable for CM due to their high costs and their reliance on animal-derived components such as serum, which is poorly chemically-defined.
Scope and approach
Here, we review recent advancements in culture media development for bovine, chicken, and porcine CM applications and propose a first principles approach for cost-effective CM media development.
Key findings and conclusions
The majority of efforts to reduce media costs by eliminating serum, optimizing growth factors, and replacing animal-derived components with alternatives including from recombinant sources have fallen short of achieving stable long term cultures with optimal cell proliferation and differentiation rates to achieve high quality CM biomass. Our current understanding of the roles of key media components such as glucose, lipids, growth factors, and hormones is limited, which is prolonging much needed cost-effective innovations in CM media. We propose investigating and prioritizing essential components for CM-specific cell physiology and metabolism while eliminating unnecessary additives, then employing technoeconomic analysis for further optimization towards scale-up production. This targeted approach can help create cost-effective serum- or animal-free culture medium solutions to enable scalable CM production and help accelerate adoption of CM as a sustainable protein source.
{"title":"Cell culture media for cultivated meat: Review and perspectives on first principles design to drive cost-effective scale-up","authors":"Corbin M. Goodwin , Mahe Jabeen , Balaji M. Rao , Rohan A. Shirwaiker","doi":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cultivated meat (CM) has the potential to complement conventional meat while reducing the environmental footprint of food production to meet the growing global protein demand. Cell culture medium is not only a critical production input but also a major cost-driver, estimated to contribute to 31–99 % of CM production costs at scale. Typical culture media optimized for biomedical applications are unsuitable for CM due to their high costs and their reliance on animal-derived components such as serum, which is poorly chemically-defined.</div></div><div><h3>Scope and approach</h3><div>Here, we review recent advancements in culture media development for bovine, chicken, and porcine CM applications and propose a first principles approach for cost-effective CM media development.</div></div><div><h3>Key findings and conclusions</h3><div>The majority of efforts to reduce media costs by eliminating serum, optimizing growth factors, and replacing animal-derived components with alternatives including from recombinant sources have fallen short of achieving stable long term cultures with optimal cell proliferation and differentiation rates to achieve high quality CM biomass. Our current understanding of the roles of key media components such as glucose, lipids, growth factors, and hormones is limited, which is prolonging much needed cost-effective innovations in CM media. We propose investigating and prioritizing essential components for CM-specific cell physiology and metabolism while eliminating unnecessary additives, then employing technoeconomic analysis for further optimization towards scale-up production. This targeted approach can help create cost-effective serum- or animal-free culture medium solutions to enable scalable CM production and help accelerate adoption of CM as a sustainable protein source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34474,"journal":{"name":"Future Foods","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100908"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100907
Seyed Alireza Banihashemi , Saber Amiri , Elham Assadpour , Mohammad Yousefi , Seid Mahdi Jafari
Cold plasma (CP) represents a transformative, non-thermal approach for enhancing the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from diverse plant matrices. This review provides a critical synthesis of recent advances in CP-assisted extraction, emphasizing its mechanisms, optimization parameters, and comparative effectiveness relative to conventional and emerging extraction methods. CP operates through the synergistic action of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, inducing cell wall disruption, surface activation, and in some cases, induced metabolic responses within plant tissues. Comprehensive analysis reveals that treatment parameters, including voltage, gas composition, and exposure time, have significant, compound-specific impacts on extraction yield and bioactive stability. Notably, CP enhances the recovery of polyphenols, flavonoids, and essential oils from multiple plant types, often outperforming conventional solvent-based techniques while aligning with green chemistry principles. However, improper parameter optimization can lead to oxidative degradation, particularly in thermolabile compounds like carotenoids and volatile oils. The review identifies key research gaps in the standardization of CP protocols, matrix-specific optimization, and industrial scalability. Future research should focus on mechanistic elucidation, post-extraction stability, and integration with complementary technologies to fully harness the potential of CP in sustainable food and pharmaceutical applications.
{"title":"Harnessing cold plasma for sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds: a critical review of mechanisms and applications","authors":"Seyed Alireza Banihashemi , Saber Amiri , Elham Assadpour , Mohammad Yousefi , Seid Mahdi Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold plasma (CP) represents a transformative, non-thermal approach for enhancing the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from diverse plant matrices. This review provides a critical synthesis of recent advances in CP-assisted extraction, emphasizing its mechanisms, optimization parameters, and comparative effectiveness relative to conventional and emerging extraction methods. CP operates through the synergistic action of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, inducing cell wall disruption, surface activation, and in some cases, induced metabolic responses within plant tissues. Comprehensive analysis reveals that treatment parameters, including voltage, gas composition, and exposure time, have significant, compound-specific impacts on extraction yield and bioactive stability. Notably, CP enhances the recovery of polyphenols, flavonoids, and essential oils from multiple plant types, often outperforming conventional solvent-based techniques while aligning with green chemistry principles. However, improper parameter optimization can lead to oxidative degradation, particularly in thermolabile compounds like carotenoids and volatile oils. The review identifies key research gaps in the standardization of CP protocols, matrix-specific optimization, and industrial scalability. Future research should focus on mechanistic elucidation, post-extraction stability, and integration with complementary technologies to fully harness the potential of CP in sustainable food and pharmaceutical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34474,"journal":{"name":"Future Foods","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100907"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100902
Rui Han , Xueying Li , Chen Chen , Jie Li , Xiaoxiao Yi , Huai Yang , Feiquan Tan , Tianheng Ren , Wei Chen , Peigao Luo
Akebia trifoliata has demonstrated large potential as a novel edible oil crop. However, its lipidomic profile remains poorly understood. To explore the dynamics of lipid metabolism and support the agricultural development of this crop, we conducted untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis on two A. trifoliata genotypes: high-oil content “H543” and low-oil content “L2127.” This approach simultaneously identified 477 lipids in seed oil, which were categorized into 6 classes and 46 subclasses, along with a well-balanced fatty acid composition. Differential lipid analysis revealed 160 and 82 lipid compounds specific to different developmental stages in “L2127” and “H543,” respectively. Furthermore, 139 lipid compounds exhibited significant differential expression between the two genotypes, primarily associated with glycerophospholipid (Ko00564) and glycerolipid (Ko00561) metabolic pathways. Efficient phosphatidic acid/phosphatidylcholine-diacylglycerols-triacylglycerols pathways were identified as key contributors to the high oil content in “H543.” These results provide valuable insights into the metabolic mechanisms underpinning lipid biosynthesis, laying a robust foundation for the utilization of A. trifoliata as an oil crop.
{"title":"Differential lipidomics sheds light on the great improvement prospect of Akebia trifoliata as a new edible oil crop","authors":"Rui Han , Xueying Li , Chen Chen , Jie Li , Xiaoxiao Yi , Huai Yang , Feiquan Tan , Tianheng Ren , Wei Chen , Peigao Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Akebia trifoliata</em> has demonstrated large potential as a novel edible oil crop. However, its lipidomic profile remains poorly understood. To explore the dynamics of lipid metabolism and support the agricultural development of this crop, we conducted untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis on two <em>A. trifoliata</em> genotypes: high-oil content “H543” and low-oil content “L2127.” This approach simultaneously identified 477 lipids in seed oil, which were categorized into 6 classes and 46 subclasses, along with a well-balanced fatty acid composition. Differential lipid analysis revealed 160 and 82 lipid compounds specific to different developmental stages in “L2127” and “H543,” respectively. Furthermore, 139 lipid compounds exhibited significant differential expression between the two genotypes, primarily associated with glycerophospholipid (Ko00564) and glycerolipid (Ko00561) metabolic pathways. Efficient phosphatidic acid/phosphatidylcholine-diacylglycerols-triacylglycerols pathways were identified as key contributors to the high oil content in “H543.” These results provide valuable insights into the metabolic mechanisms underpinning lipid biosynthesis, laying a robust foundation for the utilization of <em>A. trifoliata</em> as an oil crop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34474,"journal":{"name":"Future Foods","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100902"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100905
Yunfei Zhuang , Cheng-Yao Zhang , Na Lu , Wenshuo Xu , Jun Nakatani , Shumei Zhao
Plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) offer a sustainable solution to meet growing food demands in urban areas. However, this energy-intensive emerging industry urgently requires the expansion of crop production models (beyond lettuce) and the demonstration of their environmental and economic sustainability. To investigate the performance of herb production in PFALs and the key influences of lighting management, LED efficiency, electricity mix, and facility scale, this study evaluated the environmental performance and economic viability of nasturtium production. The production was assessed across three lighting schemes in various scenarios, analyzing environmental performance across nine categories, and evaluating the benefit-to-cost ratio and potential for commercial-scale production. The highest productivity (17.3 kg/m²/year) was achieved under maximum daily light integral treatment (CL-400), which was associated with increased electricity consumption (0.45 MWh/m²/year) and relatively low global warming potential (17.94 kg CO₂ eq per kg of fresh leaves). Technological advancements in light emitting diode (LED) efficiency could reduce the impact on global warming potential by 29.58%, and the transition to renewable energy sources could decrease the impact on fossil fuel consumption by ˃50%. Moreover, based on economic feasibility analysis, the high lighting input offers the most profitable scenario, with a net margin of 49.6%. The transition to renewable energy is fundamental to achieving environmental sustainability. Productivity gains achieved through effective environmental control can translate high energy use into lower per-unit environmental impacts.
人工照明植物工厂（pfal）为满足城市地区日益增长的粮食需求提供了一种可持续的解决方案。然而，这个能源密集型的新兴产业迫切需要扩大作物生产模式（除了生菜），并证明其环境和经济的可持续性。为了研究PFALs草本植物生产的性能以及照明管理、LED效率、电力结构和设施规模的关键影响，本研究评估了旱金莲生产的环境绩效和经济可行性。该产品在不同场景下通过三种照明方案进行评估，分析了九个类别的环境绩效，并评估了成本效益比和商业规模生产的潜力。在最大日光照综合处理（CL-400）下，产量最高（17.3 kg/m²/年），耗电量增加（0.45 MWh/m²/年），全球变暖潜能值相对较低（每公斤鲜叶17.94 kg CO₂当量）。发光二极管（LED）效率的技术进步可以将对全球变暖潜势的影响降低29.58%，向可再生能源的过渡可以将对化石燃料消耗的影响降低50%。此外，基于经济可行性分析，高照明投入提供了最有利可图的方案，净利润率为49.6%。向可再生能源的过渡是实现环境可持续性的根本。通过有效的环境控制实现的生产率提高可以将高能耗转化为较低的单位环境影响。
{"title":"Herb production in plant factories: Environmental impacts, cost-effectiveness, and sustainable potential","authors":"Yunfei Zhuang , Cheng-Yao Zhang , Na Lu , Wenshuo Xu , Jun Nakatani , Shumei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) offer a sustainable solution to meet growing food demands in urban areas. However, this energy-intensive emerging industry urgently requires the expansion of crop production models (beyond lettuce) and the demonstration of their environmental and economic sustainability. To investigate the performance of herb production in PFALs and the key influences of lighting management, LED efficiency, electricity mix, and facility scale, this study evaluated the environmental performance and economic viability of nasturtium production. The production was assessed across three lighting schemes in various scenarios, analyzing environmental performance across nine categories, and evaluating the benefit-to-cost ratio and potential for commercial-scale production. The highest productivity (17.3 kg/m²/year) was achieved under maximum daily light integral treatment (CL-400), which was associated with increased electricity consumption (0.45 MWh/m²/year) and relatively low global warming potential (17.94 kg CO₂ eq per kg of fresh leaves). Technological advancements in light emitting diode (LED) efficiency could reduce the impact on global warming potential by 29.58%, and the transition to renewable energy sources could decrease the impact on fossil fuel consumption by ˃50%. Moreover, based on economic feasibility analysis, the high lighting input offers the most profitable scenario, with a net margin of 49.6%. The transition to renewable energy is fundamental to achieving environmental sustainability. Productivity gains achieved through effective environmental control can translate high energy use into lower per-unit environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34474,"journal":{"name":"Future Foods","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100905"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100901
Abdessamie Kellil, Rajat Suhag, Maria Concetta Tenuta, Dimitrije Milosavljevic, Giovanna Ferrentino
This study explores the microencapsulation of a curcumin-rich turmeric extract via the Particles from Gas-Saturated Solutions (PGSS) technique with glycerol monostearate (GMS) as a lipid carrier to enhance curcumin’s photostability and facilitate its incorporation into mayonnaise. The impact of processing pressure (10, 15, 20 and 25 MPa) on the encapsulation performance was systematically evaluated. Microparticles prepared at 20 MPa (D20) exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency (76.47 ± 3.01%), good flowability, and significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced photostability, extending curcumin’s half-life from 15.80 ± 0.61 min (free extract) to 2330.35 ± 110.92 min under light exposure. D20 microparticles were then incorporated into mayonnaise at 0.5–5% (w/w). Concentrations up to 2% had minimal impact on color and preserved the product’s rheological, textural, and structural integrity. Notably, mayonnaise oxidative stability improved significantly with induction time increasing from 97.22 ± 1.80 h to 388.90 ± 5.52 h at 2% enrichment. These results demonstrate that PGSS encapsulation is a promising strategy for stabilizing curcumin and fortifying mayonnaise, providing enhanced antioxidant protection while preserving product quality at practical incorporation levels.
{"title":"PGSS encapsulation of curcumin-rich turmeric extract: Improving photostability and its application in functional mayonnaise","authors":"Abdessamie Kellil, Rajat Suhag, Maria Concetta Tenuta, Dimitrije Milosavljevic, Giovanna Ferrentino","doi":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the microencapsulation of a curcumin-rich turmeric extract via the Particles from Gas-Saturated Solutions (PGSS) technique with glycerol monostearate (GMS) as a lipid carrier to enhance curcumin’s photostability and facilitate its incorporation into mayonnaise. The impact of processing pressure (10, 15, 20 and 25 MPa) on the encapsulation performance was systematically evaluated. Microparticles prepared at 20 MPa (D20) exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency (76.47 ± 3.01%), good flowability, and significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.05) enhanced photostability, extending curcumin’s half-life from 15.80 ± 0.61 min (free extract) to 2330.35 ± 110.92 min under light exposure. D20 microparticles were then incorporated into mayonnaise at 0.5–5% (w/w). Concentrations up to 2% had minimal impact on color and preserved the product’s rheological, textural, and structural integrity. Notably, mayonnaise oxidative stability improved significantly with induction time increasing from 97.22 ± 1.80 h to 388.90 ± 5.52 h at 2% enrichment. These results demonstrate that PGSS encapsulation is a promising strategy for stabilizing curcumin and fortifying mayonnaise, providing enhanced antioxidant protection while preserving product quality at practical incorporation levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34474,"journal":{"name":"Future Foods","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100901"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100904
Nariman Ktil , Yong-Lak Park , Cangliang Shen , Kristen E. Matak , Jacek Jaczynski
Insect-derived proteins and lipids offer a sustainable alternative to conventional food ingredients, characterized by high nutritional value, functional versatility, and efficient resource utilization. Insect proteins exhibit favorable amino acid composition and functional properties, including solubility, emulsification, and gelation. Their lipids contain species-dependent combinations of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, notably oleic and linoleic acids that contribute to nutritional quality. This review explores extraction and processing techniques that optimize the functional and nutritional properties of insect-based proteins and oils. Alkaline solubilization, isoelectric precipitation, and enzymatic hydrolysis enhance protein recovery, while solvent extraction, mechanical pressing, and supercritical CO2 extraction improve lipid purity and bioactive retention. Functional properties such as emulsification, foaming, and gelation support diverse food applications. Nutritionally, insect proteins exhibit favorable digestibility and amino acid profiles, while insect lipids provide essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidative compounds. Challenges remain in allergenicity mitigation, consumer acceptance, and large-scale processing. Advanced refinement techniques and sustainable extraction methods enhance stability and safety, promoting commercial viability. Continued research and technological innovations will facilitate the integration of insect-derived ingredients into mainstream food systems, supporting global food security and sustainable production.
{"title":"Characterization, extraction, and functional-nutritional properties of insect proteins and lipids for food applications","authors":"Nariman Ktil , Yong-Lak Park , Cangliang Shen , Kristen E. Matak , Jacek Jaczynski","doi":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect-derived proteins and lipids offer a sustainable alternative to conventional food ingredients, characterized by high nutritional value, functional versatility, and efficient resource utilization. Insect proteins exhibit favorable amino acid composition and functional properties, including solubility, emulsification, and gelation. Their lipids contain species-dependent combinations of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, notably oleic and linoleic acids that contribute to nutritional quality. This review explores extraction and processing techniques that optimize the functional and nutritional properties of insect-based proteins and oils. Alkaline solubilization, isoelectric precipitation, and enzymatic hydrolysis enhance protein recovery, while solvent extraction, mechanical pressing, and supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction improve lipid purity and bioactive retention. Functional properties such as emulsification, foaming, and gelation support diverse food applications. Nutritionally, insect proteins exhibit favorable digestibility and amino acid profiles, while insect lipids provide essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidative compounds. Challenges remain in allergenicity mitigation, consumer acceptance, and large-scale processing. Advanced refinement techniques and sustainable extraction methods enhance stability and safety, promoting commercial viability. Continued research and technological innovations will facilitate the integration of insect-derived ingredients into mainstream food systems, supporting global food security and sustainable production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34474,"journal":{"name":"Future Foods","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100904"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100903
Se Hwan Ryu , Beom Seok Kim , Se Jeong Kim , Dong-Min Kang , Hak Hyun Lee , Sang Won Yeon , Mi-Jeong Ahn , Bang Yeon Hwang , Mi Kyeong Lee
An eco-friendly and economic cultivation method for Hericium erinaceus (lion’s mane mushroom) was developed by substituting conventional sawdust with brown rice as a sustainable, edible substrate. Metabolomic analysis revealed substrate-driven variation in bioactive compound profiles: mushrooms cultivated on brown rice accumulated higher levels of N-dephenylethyl isohericerin (NDPIH), whereas those grown on sawdust were richer in hericene A. NDPIH exhibited significantly stronger anti-Helicobacter pylori activity than hericene A, highlighting its potential relevance to gastrointestinal health. Furthermore, nine secondary metabolites were isolated, including three newly identified compounds, hericerinones A–C, which displayed varying degrees of anti-H. pylori activity depending on their structural features, confirming substrate-dependent metabolic changes. Beyond the fruiting bodies, the brown rice substrate itself provided a clean and consumer-friendly edible material, showing increased protein ratio and elevated free amino acid content after mushroom cultivation. Together, these findings demonstrate that brown rice based cultivation not only enhances the biosynthesis of anti-H. pylori compounds in H. erinaceus fruiting bodies but also improves the nutritional value of the spent mushroom substrate, offering dual benefits as a functional ingredient and a nutrient-enriched food source. This study supports the use of food-compatible substrates in mushroom farming to advance sustainable production of next-generation functional foods with added nutritional and therapeutic value.
{"title":"Nutritional and functional enhancement of lion’s mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) via sustainable brown rice cultivation","authors":"Se Hwan Ryu , Beom Seok Kim , Se Jeong Kim , Dong-Min Kang , Hak Hyun Lee , Sang Won Yeon , Mi-Jeong Ahn , Bang Yeon Hwang , Mi Kyeong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An eco-friendly and economic cultivation method for <em>Hericium erinaceus</em> (lion’s mane mushroom) was developed by substituting conventional sawdust with brown rice as a sustainable, edible substrate. Metabolomic analysis revealed substrate-driven variation in bioactive compound profiles: mushrooms cultivated on brown rice accumulated higher levels of <em>N</em>-dephenylethyl isohericerin (NDPIH), whereas those grown on sawdust were richer in hericene A. NDPIH exhibited significantly stronger anti-<em>Helicobacter pylori</em> activity than hericene A, highlighting its potential relevance to gastrointestinal health. Furthermore, nine secondary metabolites were isolated, including three newly identified compounds, hericerinones A–C, which displayed varying degrees of anti-<em>H. pylori</em> activity depending on their structural features, confirming substrate-dependent metabolic changes. Beyond the fruiting bodies, the brown rice substrate itself provided a clean and consumer-friendly edible material, showing increased protein ratio and elevated free amino acid content after mushroom cultivation. Together, these findings demonstrate that brown rice based cultivation not only enhances the biosynthesis of anti-<em>H. pylori</em> compounds in <em>H. erinaceus</em> fruiting bodies but also improves the nutritional value of the spent mushroom substrate, offering dual benefits as a functional ingredient and a nutrient-enriched food source. This study supports the use of food-compatible substrates in mushroom farming to advance sustainable production of next-generation functional foods with added nutritional and therapeutic value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34474,"journal":{"name":"Future Foods","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100903"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100899
Angela Borriello , Angela Marotta , Leandra Leto , Martina Cirlini , Benedetta Chiancone , Prospero Di Pierro , Veronica Ambrogi , Elena Torrieri
Hop by-product powder (HBP), obtained from milling branches, leaves, and discarded cones, was valorized as a functional additive in polybutylene succinate (PBS) films to develop biodegradable antioxidant packaging. The HBP was first characterized for water absorption/desorption capacity and particle size distribution, then separated into three fractions based on fiber size (HBP-S: 63–160 μm; HBP-M: 160–220 μm; HBP-L: 220–710 μm). Total HBP (HBP-T) and each fraction were analysed for chemical composition and antioxidant properties. Four PBS composite films containing 10 wt.% of HBP-T, -S, -M, and -L were produced via melt blending, pelletizing, and compression molding. Their optical, thermal, mechanical, barrier, and water sorption properties were evaluated, together with antioxidant activity assessed by ethanolic extraction and in contact with food simulants. Smaller HBP particles exhibited higher cellulose content (≈79%), greater polyphenol concentration (≈10 mg GAE/gdw), and stronger antioxidant activity (≈14 mg TEAC/gdw). Incorporating HBP enhanced the films' elastic modulus and water absorption, shifting color toward red-yellow hues, particularly with smaller fibers. Fiber size had minimal impact on mechanical and thermal properties or antioxidant retention, suggesting that fractionation may be unnecessary. HBP maintained its antioxidant properties in PBS and demonstrated different release profiles in food simulants. The antioxidant activity of films increased over time, reaching values of 1.7 mg TEAC/gfilm (DPPH, 7 days) and 23 mg TEAC/gfilm (ABTS, 10 days). Simulants C and D1 had a higher capacity to solubilize antioxidant compounds from the film. These findings confirm HBP’s potential to enhance PBS films functionality, making them promising for biodegradable antioxidant food packaging.
{"title":"Valorization of hops by-product for development of active poly(butylene succinate) film","authors":"Angela Borriello , Angela Marotta , Leandra Leto , Martina Cirlini , Benedetta Chiancone , Prospero Di Pierro , Veronica Ambrogi , Elena Torrieri","doi":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fufo.2026.100899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hop by-product powder (HBP), obtained from milling branches, leaves, and discarded cones, was valorized as a functional additive in polybutylene succinate (PBS) films to develop biodegradable antioxidant packaging. The HBP was first characterized for water absorption/desorption capacity and particle size distribution, then separated into three fractions based on fiber size (HBP-S: 63–160 μm; HBP-M: 160–220 μm; HBP-L: 220–710 μm). Total HBP (HBP-T) and each fraction were analysed for chemical composition and antioxidant properties. Four PBS composite films containing 10 wt.% of HBP-T, -S, -M, and -L were produced via melt blending, pelletizing, and compression molding. Their optical, thermal, mechanical, barrier, and water sorption properties were evaluated, together with antioxidant activity assessed by ethanolic extraction and in contact with food simulants. Smaller HBP particles exhibited higher cellulose content (≈79%), greater polyphenol concentration (≈10 mg GAE/g<sub>dw</sub>), and stronger antioxidant activity (≈14 mg TEAC/g<sub>dw</sub>). Incorporating HBP enhanced the films' elastic modulus and water absorption, shifting color toward red-yellow hues, particularly with smaller fibers. Fiber size had minimal impact on mechanical and thermal properties or antioxidant retention, suggesting that fractionation may be unnecessary. HBP maintained its antioxidant properties in PBS and demonstrated different release profiles in food simulants. The antioxidant activity of films increased over time, reaching values of 1.7 mg TEAC/g<sub>film</sub> (DPPH, 7 days) and 23 mg TEAC/g<sub>film</sub> (ABTS, 10 days). Simulants C and D1 had a higher capacity to solubilize antioxidant compounds from the film. These findings confirm HBP’s potential to enhance PBS films functionality, making them promising for biodegradable antioxidant food packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34474,"journal":{"name":"Future Foods","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100899"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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